CCTV News:At present, 400,000 mu of vegetables in Gushi County, Henan Province have also reached the harvest season. Relying on the development of vegetable industry, the local area has driven farmers to increase their income and increase market supply.

In a vegetable planting base in Gushi County, Henan Province, 40 greenhouses cover a total area of more than 60 mu and supply vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and beans all the year round. According to technicians, this kind of fruit cucumber is very popular at present, with high yield and good economic benefits.

In recent years, the local government has built a high-quality and efficient vegetable industry according to local conditions, and constantly promoted the large-scale, intensive and standardized development of the vegetable industry. At present, the vegetable planting area in the county is 400,000 mu, and the vegetable industry has become a characteristic industry for local farmers to increase their income.

April 23, 2014, vaccine storage and transportation place-cold chain construction system-Beijing Sankangdele North District Operation Center. Vision china diagram

On April 13th, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China presided over the the State Council executive meeting, listened to the report on the investigation and handling of a series of cases of illegal operation of vaccines in Jinan, Shandong Province, decided to hold a group of responsible persons accountable first, and discussed and passed in principle the Decision of the State Council on Amending the Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination (Draft) (hereinafter referred to as the revised draft).

The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) noted that,The revised draft has greatly adjusted the circulation mode of the second type of vaccine, canceled the link of drug wholesale enterprises to operate vaccines, and handed over the second type of vaccine to the provincial disease control department for centralized procurement.

On the evening of April 13th, Mingde Yu, former director of the Finance and Circulation Department of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and now president of China Pharmaceutical Enterprise Management Association and China Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs Association, told The Paper that canceling the vaccine wholesale business would shorten the circulation chain and reduce the number of monitored objects, which would help to enhance the monitoring effect.

Song Hualin, a professor at Nankai University Law School who has long been concerned about vaccine supervision, said,On the one hand, the revised draft indicates that in the future, the sales price of the second-class vaccine will be more transparent from the factory to the final inoculation, and the space for the disease control department to increase the price and profit will become smaller; On the other hand, in the past, the disease control department had to make money by selling the second-class vaccines. This revised draft included the funds of the disease control department in full in the budget, which increased the public welfare attribute of the disease control department and curbed its profit-seeking motivation.

Reduce circulation links and reduce the difficulty of management and control.

On April 13th, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council released a message explaining the revision of the Regulations.

The news pointed out that in view of the long circulation chain and large profit-making space of the second-class vaccine exposed in the case, the draft deleted the provisions of the Regulations that pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises can operate vaccines after approval, and compared the voluntarily vaccinated second-class vaccines with the first-class vaccines used in the national immunization program, all of them were included in the provincial public resource trading platform for centralized procurement, and pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises were no longer allowed to operate vaccines.

In addition, in view of hidden illegal business practices such as "hanging tickets", the draft stipulates that disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units should establish true and complete records of purchase, storage, distribution, supply and receipt in accordance with regulations, so that tickets, accounts, goods and payments are consistent.

"Ticketing" is a slang word in the vaccine industry, which means that an individual who can find a vaccine is affiliated with a pharmaceutical production or wholesale enterprise and sells vaccines (drugs) to medical institutions by himself. When necessary, the affiliated pharmaceutical production or wholesale enterprises shall provide business licenses, pharmaceutical business licenses, etc., implement public-to-public transfer transactions, and finally divide them into shares.

On the evening of the 13th, Mingde Yu, president of China Pharmaceutical Enterprise Management Association and China Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs Association, told The Paper: "Pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises are no longer allowed to operate vaccines, the circulation chain of the second-class vaccines is obviously shortened, and the number of monitored objects is reduced, all of which are conducive to enhancing the monitoring effect." Mingde Yu said that the number of pharmaceutical wholesale companies operating vaccines is also very large, and it is very difficult to control them. The revised draft specifies that the second-class vaccines will be directly sent to the disease control department by the production enterprises according to the management of the first-class vaccines. This process is a planned management method, which is convenient for concentrating on strengthening control.

Song Hualin, a professor at Nankai University Law School, also believes that the elimination of drug wholesale enterprises from the vaccine circulation link will reduce the vaccine circulation process and play a certain role in solving the problems of "extracorporeal circulation" of the second-class vaccine.

"In the past, vaccine manufacturers could sell second-class vaccines to wholesale enterprises or directly to disease control departments; Wholesale enterprises can also sell vaccines to other wholesale enterprises or directly to the disease control department; The disease control department can also sell the second-class vaccine to the lower-level disease control departments and vaccination units. " Song Hualin said that the second-class vaccine illegally flowed into the hands of some people who actually had no vaccine business qualifications, which was partly caused by the cumbersome circulation of vaccines.

Increase the public welfare attributes of disease control departments and curb their profit-seeking motives.

"It’s not that the vaccine is removed from the circulation enterprises, and the vaccine will sit back and relax in the future, absolutely not." Mingde Yu said,Driven by interests, even if the circulation mode of vaccines is changed, it is also necessary to prevent some personnel in the disease control department from taking risks to buy and sell vaccines for personal gain. "So the system depends on supervision.No matter how good the system is, some people try to seek personal gain, but when the legal system is sound, there is less room for them to rent and less chance for them to succeed. "

However, during the revision of the Regulations, the National Health and Family Planning Commission also released information that it will ensure the implementation of the staffing of disease control institutions at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the Guiding Opinions of the Central Organizing Committee, the Ministry of Finance and the Health and Family Planning Commission on the Organization Standards for Disease Control and Prevention. The personnel funds, public funds and business funds of disease control institutions should be fully included in the budget, and the part with insufficient financial input should be carefully verified and guaranteed by the finance at the same level. Scientifically verify the total performance salary of disease control institutions and implement dynamic adjustment. Establish a scientific and reasonable performance appraisal and performance salary distribution system. Scientifically check and approve the storage and transportation fees of the second kind of vaccine in county-level disease control institutions and the standards of vaccination service fees for vaccination units.

Song Hualin also believes that reducing the circulation link does not mean that there is no risk, and how to control it will be faced in the future.

Song Hualin said that it is not difficult to see from the information released by the National Health and Family Planning Commission that the norms and constraints on the disease control departments were obviously insufficient in terms of legal provisions and implementation status. Institutions are divided into public welfare category I and public welfare category II. One category is completely public welfare, and all expenses are fully funded by the government, including undertaking compulsory services, compulsory education, basic scientific research, public health, etc. Disease control belongs to public welfare category I..

"On the one hand, vaccine manufacturers should be required to standardize quality management behaviors, and enterprises should ensure that the corresponding sales records are true and complete while self-checking; On the other hand, in order to increase the public welfare nature of the disease control department, in the past, the disease control department had to increase financial support, curb its profit-seeking motivation and standardize its operating procedures in order to make money by selling the second-class vaccine.. Song Hualin said that this is also the reason why the funds of the disease control department should be included in the budget in full in the revised draft, that is, to ensure the funds of the disease control institutions and not to make profits.

Song Hualin said that the approval of the storage and transportation fees of the second type of vaccine and the vaccination service fee standards of vaccination units indicates that the sales price of the second type of vaccine will be more transparent from the factory to the final vaccination.

In order to implement the relevant requirements of the CPC Central Committee on preventing and resolving major risks, according to the "the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) 2019 Annual Supervision Work Plan", this year, a special investigation on the budget management and reform of the basic old-age insurance fund was organized, and the Budget Working Committee of the Standing Committee was responsible for the specific implementation. Since March this year, the special research group composed of the Budget Working Committee has specially listened to the briefings of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, Audit Office and other relevant departments in the State Council, and has successively conducted field research in Hubei, Liaoning, Jilin and other places, and held special symposiums to listen to the opinions and suggestions of some experts and scholars and some relevant working institutions of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress to analyze and compare the endowment insurance system and reform in typical countries. The relevant situation is now reported as follows.

I. Basic information

The basic old-age insurance covers a wide range of people and has a large scale of fund income and expenditure. It is the most important type of social insurance and the most important part of the social security system. In recent years, governments at all levels and their relevant departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, persisted in promoting the construction of a multi-level social security system with full coverage, basic security and sustainability, constantly improved the fund budget preparation, strengthened the fund budget management, and promoted the deepening of the reform of the basic old-age insurance system, which provided strong support for weaving a social security network covering all people and grasping the basic livelihood bottom line.

(A) the basic old-age insurance system

China’s basic old-age insurance consists of urban workers’ basic old-age insurance (enterprise workers’ basic old-age insurance, government institutions’ basic old-age insurance) and urban and rural residents’ basic old-age insurance (see table 1). According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, by the end of 2018, there were 943 million people participating in the basic old-age insurance nationwide. Among them, 419 million urban workers and 524 million urban and rural residents participated in the insurance.

Table 1  Basic situation of basic old-age insurance system

(two) the operation of the basic old-age insurance fund

In 2018, the total income of the national basic endowment insurance fund was 5,483.6 billion yuan, of which the insurance premium income was 3,969.5 billion yuan, accounting for 72.4%; The fiscal subsidy income was 1,215.3 billion yuan, accounting for 22.2%. The total expenditure of the fund was 4,718.7 billion yuan, of which the basic pension expenditure was 4,571.3 billion yuan, accounting for 96.9%. The balance of the fund’s income and expenditure in that year was 764.9 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance of the fund was 5,784.7 billion yuan (see Table 2 for details).

Table 2  Operation of Three Types of Basic Endowment Insurance Funds in 2018

(3) Central financial subsidies

The central government has given subsidies to the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents and the basic old-age insurance for government agencies and institutions. In 2018, the total subsidy from the central government was 662.8 billion yuan.

Subsidies for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees.Since 1999, the central government has given subsidies to enterprises with difficulties in some areas in terms of the fund gap of basic old-age insurance, the implementation of personal accounts and the improvement of pension benefits. Among them, 40% of the funds needed to improve the pension payment standard are subsidized to the central and western regions and old industrial bases, and 100% is subsidized to Xinjiang Corps; For the existing pension expenditure, according to the financial resources, fund gap, support rate and work effect of each region, the subsidy funds are allocated by factor method. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 483.1 billion yuan for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees.

Subsidies for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.The central government gives full subsidies to the central and western regions according to the basic pension standards set by the central government, and 50% subsidies to the eastern regions. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 141.6 billion yuan for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.

Subsidies for the reform of endowment insurance in institutions and institutions.The central government subsidizes 40% of the funds needed to adjust the pension payment standard in the central and western regions and old industrial bases except Beijing and other seven provinces and cities. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 38.1 billion yuan for the reform of endowment insurance for institutions and institutions.

(four) the basic old-age insurance fund budget management

The budget of social insurance fund is one of the "four accounts" of the government stipulated in the Budget Law. In 2010, the State Council decided to establish a standardized and unified social insurance fund budget system nationwide, and began to compile it on a trial basis that year. In 2014, it was officially included in the draft government budget submitted to the National People’s Congress for examination and approval.

The basic old-age insurance fund budget mainly follows the principles of "establishing according to law, standardizing and unifying, making overall plans, defining responsibilities, earmarking special funds, being relatively independent and organically connected, making ends meet, and leaving a balance". The compilation process adheres to the bottom-up and joint review, which is compiled by the social insurance agencies in the areas where the basic old-age insurance fund is co-ordinated. After being summarized by the human resources and social security departments and audited by the financial department, it is jointly reported to the people’s government at the same level and reported to the people’s congress at the same level for examination and approval. The national basic old-age insurance fund budget is compiled by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, reviewed and summarized by the Ministry of Finance, and submitted to the State Council for examination and approval by the National People’s Congress. Among them, the budget revenue preparation comprehensively considers the implementation of the fund budget in the previous year, the forecast of the economic and social development level in this year, the social insurance work plan and other factors, including the number of participants, the number of payers, the base of payment wages, etc. Expenditure budgeting comprehensively considers the changes in the number of people enjoying pension insurance benefits in the overall planning area this year, the economic and social development, the adjustment of pension insurance policies and the changes in pension insurance treatment standards.

In recent years, governments at all levels and their relevant departments have continuously improved the budget management system, studied and established an incentive and restraint mechanism, standardized the preparation process and improved the preparation method by means of informationization and big data, effectively enhanced the planning and binding nature of the budget, paid close attention to the budget implementation management, standardized the collection of premiums and the payment of insurance benefits, strived to achieve all the insurance coverage, and resolutely paid it in full and on time, and achieved positive results. In some places, by hiring third-party evaluation agencies to improve the index system of fund budgeting, establish and improve the actuarial index system of fund budgeting, and improve the scientific and accurate budgeting.

(V) Progress of relevant reforms

1. Promote the provincial-level co-ordination of endowment insurance for enterprise employees.Up to now, 13 provinces in China have realized the provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of enterprise employee pension insurance funds. Other provinces have formulated implementation plans according to the actual situation and are steadily advancing the implementation in accordance with the task requirements of the State Council to fully realize the provincial-level unified collection and support of funds by the end of 2020. In some places, the establishment of a unified revenue and expenditure system including pension insurance policy, fund budget, fund revenue and expenditure management, responsibility sharing mechanism, information system, handling management and performance appraisal mechanism has been promoted, which has laid an institutional foundation for ensuring the reform of unified revenue and expenditure.

2. Implement the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees.The central adjustment system mainly includes: first, the adjustment fund raising system. According to 90% of the average wage of employees in each province and the number of employees who should be insured on the job as the base for calculating the amount of the solution, solution ratio started from 3%, and the funds of the provinces were summarized to form the central adjustment fund. The second is the allocation system of swap funds. The central adjustment fund was fully allocated to local governments in that year, and the amount of funds allocated to the provinces was calculated according to the approved number of retirees in each province and the national per capita allocation. At the same time, the central and western provinces with heavy tasks of poverty alleviation will be exempted from their net contribution responsibility by 2020.

The central adjustment system was implemented on July 1, 2018. In that year, the total size of the central adjustment fund was 242.23 billion yuan, and the actual difference was 61.03 billion yuan. There are 7 provinces, including Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian and Shandong. 22 central and western regions and old industrial base provinces benefited, including Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Jilin and Hubei. Exempt Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet from net contribution responsibility. Since the implementation of the central adjustment system, it has played a positive role in alleviating the payment pressure of some local funds and ensuring the timely and full payment of pensions. In 2019, the proportion of central adjustment will increase to 3.5%. It is estimated that the total size of central adjustment funds in the whole year will be 630.3 billion yuan, and the difference will be 151.2 billion yuan.

3. Reduce the burden of social security contributions.From 2015 to 2018, the State Council has reduced the social security rate five times, involving basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance for enterprise employees. The overall level of the five social security rates for employees in China has been reduced from 41% to 36.95%, of which the unit contribution rate has been reduced from 30% to 26.45%. By April 30 this year, when the phased rate reduction policy expires, the burden on enterprises will be reduced by nearly 500 billion yuan.

This year, the State Council decided that from May 1st, the unit contribution rate of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees can be reduced from 20% to 16%, and the policy of reducing unemployment and work-related injury insurance rates by stages will be extended to the end of April 2020. At the same time, it is approved to lower the base of social security contributions, from the past based on the average salary of employees in non-private units in cities and towns to the average salary of full-caliber employees weighted by non-private units and private units in cities and towns. According to the calculation of the relevant departments in the State Council, after the implementation of the new fee reduction measures, it is estimated that the social security payment burden of enterprises will be reduced by more than 400 billion yuan in 2019.

4. Transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund.Transferring some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund is an important measure to enhance the sustainability of the basic old-age insurance system. By the end of 2018, the pilot reform of five central enterprises and central financial institutions, including Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces and China Unicom and China Reinsurance, had been basically completed. In December 2018, the second batch of transfer work at the central level was started. The transfer enterprises included 15 central management enterprises such as China Huaneng and 4 central financial institutions such as PICC China. In July 2019, the State Council decided to fully push forward the central and local governments to transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund. At the central level, qualified enterprises will be basically completed by the end of 2019, enterprises with real difficulties can be completed by the end of 2020, and enterprises run by central administrative institutions will be transferred after the centralized and unified regulatory reform is completed; At the local level, the transfer will be basically completed by the end of 2020. Up to now, the central level has completed the transfer of 67 central enterprises and central financial institutions in three batches, with a total transfer of state-owned capital of about 860.1 billion yuan. The mechanism of state-owned capital to make up for social security fund has been initially established, which has promoted the diversified reform of state-owned equity.

5. Reform of social security collection system.The Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions in 2018 clearly stipulates that since January 1, 2019, all social insurance premiums will be uniformly collected by the tax authorities. The State Council attaches great importance to improving the reform of the social security fee collection system. According to some new situations and problems in the process of reform, it has made new adjustments and arrangements for the transfer of social security fee collection and management responsibilities of enterprises in a timely manner, requiring that in principle, the current collection system should be continued temporarily, and "a mature province should be handed over to a province". Up to now, among the 37 regions (provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and cities with separate plans), 21 regions were originally collected by the tax authorities, and the tax authorities collected all social security fees; In 16 areas where the social security department originally collected the social security fees of enterprises, the social security fee collection and management responsibilities of enterprises have not been transferred yet, and they will continue to be collected by the social security department, and the social security fee collection and management responsibilities of institutions and urban and rural residents will be transferred to the tax department; The tax authorities in 22 regions are also responsible for collecting occupational annuities.

Second, the main problems and shortcomings

Over the years, China has made great achievements in promoting the construction of a comprehensive, basic and sustainable multi-level social security system, and basically established a social security network covering all people. Judging from the overall situation of the basic old-age insurance in China, the system has been continuously improved, the level of protection has been continuously improved, the fund operation has been generally stable, and the current income and expenditure are still in balance. However, the survey also found that the gap between the fund’s current income and expenditure showed an expanding trend, and the accumulated balance of individual provinces "bottomed out", which further increased the potential risk of the fund; Fund budget management is generally extensive, and some institutional issues are not paid enough attention, and the scientific, refined and modern level of budget management is low; The design of endowment insurance system is not perfect enough to meet the needs of reform and development, which seriously affects the sustainability and credibility of the system. These problems must be solved quickly.

(A) The contradiction between revenue and expenditure has become increasingly prominent, and related risks have begun to emerge.

First, the growth of insurance premium income is relatively weak.Comparing the premium income of the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in China with the basic pension expenditure, the income and expenditure gap of 31.9 billion yuan first appeared in 2014, and it has expanded to 77.3 billion yuan in 2018. Many places reflect that due to the accelerated process of population aging, the dependency ratiooneThe sustained and rapid decline has caused the growth of fund income to be lower than the growth of expenditure for a long time, resulting in the widening gap between fund income and expenditure. In recent years, the implementation of tax reduction and fee reduction policy has also reduced the current collection income to some extent. The survey found that Northeast China is still facing the reality of a large outflow of population, especially young and middle-aged people, and it is difficult to reverse the situation of decreasing dependency ratio, and it is increasingly difficult to promote the growth of premium income.

Second, there is a great pressure on financial subsidies.Since 2005, the basic pension treatment standard for enterprise employees has been raised for 15 consecutive years, and the financial departments at all levels have borne the corresponding increased expenditures. The basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents is to provide old-age insurance for urban and rural residents without income sources. The financial system bears the main responsibility, and some local financial subsidies account for more than 70%. The reform of endowment insurance in institutions has also put forward a lot of expenditure requirements for governments at all levels, and there is still a certain income and expenditure gap in some places under investigation.

Third, problems left over from history bear a heavy burden in some areas.There has been no clear and detailed solution to the transition cost of the old-age insurance system. For the "old people" who have no personal account accumulation and the "middle people" who have insufficient personal account accumulation, the pension benefits enjoyed according to the regulations of deemed payment are paid by the funds collected in the current period. After the implementation of the reform of state-owned enterprises and the diversion of laid-off workers, state-owned enterprises went into battle lightly and developed well. However, the remaining problems of "early retirement" employee pension insurance have not been properly solved, which has brought a huge burden to some places. The reform of transferring some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund is progressing slowly, some departments and enterprises are resistant, and there are not many local state-owned enterprises worth transferring, so the overall reform effect is not great. In some places, it is reflected that the large-scale collective reform of factories and enterprises, de-capacity, etc. have increased the pressure on the fund’s income and expenditure from two aspects: reducing the arrears of enterprises, ensuring development and increasing expenditures, and need the support of the central government.

Fourth, the sustainability of the fund is under great pressure.The relevant departments in the State Council organized and carried out the long-term actuarial analysis of the basic old-age insurance. Although the results of various departments and institutions are different, the general judgment is that for a long time to come, the degree of population aging in China will become increasingly serious, the dependency ratio within the system will continue to decline, and the sustainability of the old-age insurance fund will face severe challenges.

(B) The budget management is relatively extensive, and the system and mechanism need to be improved urgently.

First, the provisions on budgeting responsibilities are not clear enough.The Opinions of the State Council on Implementing the Budget of Social Insurance Fund issued in 2010 stipulates that the main body of compiling the budget of social insurance fund is the human and social departments, and the financial department only undertakes the audit responsibility. The Budget Law revised in 2014 stipulates that the financial departments of governments at all levels are responsible for the specific preparation of budgets. According to the investigation, the provisions of the State Council’s opinion are still implemented, and there are different understandings about the provisions of the budget law, especially about "preparation" and "the subject of social insurance fund budget preparation". In some places, it is pointed out that the division of responsibilities for fund budgeting is not clear enough, the participation of financial departments is insufficient, and the implementation of responsibilities is not enough.

Second, the budget preparation procedure is not reasonable enough.Restricted by the level of fund overall planning, the current budget adopts the procedure of overall planning, bottom-up and layer-by-layer summary. There are too many compiling subjects, different policy understandings and different interests, which makes it difficult to effectively play the role of overall budget arrangement, resulting in the conservative compilation of income budgets in some areas, and the phenomenon that expenditures exceed the budget sometimes occurs. Especially after putting forward the reform direction of national overall planning, some places have the mentality of "receiving less and spending more". The audit department reported that in some co-ordination areas, artificially depressing the budget revenue and inflating the expenditure budget has become the norm, resulting in a serious deviation from the reality of the fund budget and poor effectiveness of budget management.

Third, the foundation of budget management is relatively weak.Due to the low level of overall planning of the basic old-age insurance fund, the basic data such as the number of insured persons, the actual payment base and rate, and the basis of pension calculation and distribution required for budget management are scattered in various overall planning areas. Some central departments and provincial management departments have indicated that they do not fully grasp accurate information, and some local data indicators are not scientifically collected, so the credibility and transparency are not high. Strengthening budget management has become a passive water without a root. On the other hand, social security agencies are in the front line of fund budgeting, but they lack effective access to relevant economic and social data, especially the information available to grass-roots social security agencies is more limited, and the basic quality of budgeting is not high.

Fourth, the refined level of budget management is not enough.Judging from the draft fund budget submitted to the National People’s Congress, it is mainly a few large numbers such as income, expenditure and balance, lacking detailed data by region, industry and population, and the readability and auditability of the budget are not strong. From the perspective of budget preparation, although there are requirements for the reference factors of fund revenue and expenditure preparation, a unified and standardized index system has not yet been established, and different places have different understanding of policies by industry and population, and their calculation methods are also different. From the perspective of budget implementation, many places and even some places where there is a big contradiction between fund revenue and expenditure only emphasize the hard constraint of budget, and have not taken the initiative to establish a regular analysis system for fund budget implementation. The response to changes in industries and people reflected by the implementation situation is relatively lagging behind, and the fund risk early warning mechanism and response plan have not been effectively established.

Fifth, actuarial analysis is seriously lagging behind.There is a big gap between the actuarial work of the basic old-age insurance fund and the actual demand in the aspects of system construction, talent team construction and the application of actuarial results, and a standardized actuarial analysis mechanism combining long, medium and short term has not been established. As an important part of budget management, fund actuarial has not been brought into the budget management category, resulting in poor predictability and scientificity of budget revenue and expenditure preparation, lack of preparation for possible fund risks and even financial risks, and weak ability to effectively deal with population aging.

Sixth, the informatization construction is weak.The preparation, implementation, audit and supervision of the fund budget involve many departments and institutions such as human society, finance, taxation, auditing and social security agencies. At present, a unified, standardized and dynamically shared information database has not been established, and each department and institution relies on the information system of this system for management. Repeated construction and decentralized maintenance consume a lot of manpower and material resources, and information data cannot be effectively shared, which also affects the accuracy of relevant data and information.

(C) The design of the old-age insurance system is not perfect, and the pace of reform needs to be accelerated.

First, the low level of fund overall planning has become the primary problem to be solved urgently.Judging from the basic endowment insurance fund for enterprise employees, most provincial-level places have not yet achieved real provincial-level overall planning, and many places are still municipal-level and county-level overall planning. The low level of overall planning makes it difficult to fully realize the transfer of funds between different overall planning areas, and the law of large numbers of insurance cannot be fully exerted. At the same time, the fund balance is mainly deposited in the labor inflow areas, but the labor outflow areas have to bear the pressure of issuing a large number of old-age benefits for the returning laborers. This extremely uneven distribution of funds not only makes the labor outflow areas such as the central and western regions dissatisfied, but also makes the interest pattern of low-level overall planning gradually solidify. Some places with fund balances regard the balance as local "own" resources and advantages, and there is resistance to national overall planning and entrusting the National Social Security Fund Council to invest and operate. Lack of awareness that basic old-age insurance is a "national system" makes the reform more and more difficult. Some provinces surveyed reflect that they are not optimistic about realizing the provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of funds in 2020.

Second, the irregular implementation of policies such as payment base, rate and pension benefits has brought many disadvantages.Due to the low level of fund co-ordination, the relevant departments give local governments some autonomy in terms of payment base, rates and pension benefits. In actual implementation, the co-ordination places with large contradiction between fund revenue and expenditure tend to be strict base and high rate, while the co-ordination places with more fund balances tend to be wide base and low rate, which is quite different among regions. In terms of rates, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Xiamen, which have more fund balances, stipulate unit payment rates of 14%, 13% and 12% respectively. In terms of payment base, some places allow enterprises to determine the base according to a certain proportion of total wages. In terms of pension benefits, different places have different definitions of the standard of deemed payment, and some people think it is unfair. The disunity of local policies not only causes the inconsistent foundation and unclear base of fund budget preparation, but also brings difficulties to improve the overall planning level; It also causes unfairness at the institutional level, affects the free flow of resources and intensifies regional differences. It is found that many places have introduced preferential policies to reduce and exempt insurance contributions, which, as an important means of attracting investment, have a great impact on normal investment attraction in other places, especially in areas with large contradictions between fund income and expenditure. Some parts of Northeast China reflect that it has faced a vicious circle of "the contradiction between fund income and expenditure is prominent → the approved payment base and rate are strict → it is in a disadvantageous position of attracting investment → enterprises move out because of the high payment of endowment insurance → the economic development is slow and the employment population is small → the contradiction between fund income and expenditure is more prominent".

Third, the incentive and restraint mechanism is not perfect enough.From the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, it is generally reflected in all aspects that the nominal rate of 28% (unit 20%+ individual 8%) is obviously high, and it is still higher than the level of some major western developed countries after reducing the rate this year. In order to reduce costs and maintain operations, many enterprises, especially private enterprises, tend to lower or even falsely report the payment base, and some tax collection management departments also "know without asking", so the seriousness and binding force of the system are poor. Some experts pointed out that the fund implements the mechanism of combining social pooling with individual accounts, but all individual contributions are credited to individual accounts, resulting in no contribution to overall adjustment of individual contributions, and individuals lack a sense of responsibility for the basic endowment insurance system. The minimum payment period of 15 years for receiving pension is not only short, but also the system design is not regarded as the minimum period for fulfilling legal obligations. In addition, the cumulative algorithm is adopted for 15 years calculation, and it is not uncommon to interrupt payment. From the perspective of the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, because the overall planning part is almost entirely borne by the finance, the system is welfare-oriented, plus the basic pension level and the average replacement rate2Low (in some places, the average replacement rate is only about 9%), residents’ enthusiasm for participating in insurance is not high, and the participation rate has declined in some places. Even if they are insured, most people tend to choose the lowest payment grade. In the old-age insurance, the basic pension calculation and payment methods linked to benefits, such as overpayment, long-term payment and late retirement, need to be improved.

Fourth, the construction of a multi-level endowment insurance system lags behind.The target design of the multi-level endowment insurance system in China includes three pillars, the first pillar is basic endowment insurance, the second pillar is enterprise annuity and occupational annuity, and the third pillar is personal savings endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance. At present, there is no clear plan for the overall protection degree of multi-level pension insurance system and the target level of overall pension replacement rate. Among them, there is also a lack of clear quantitative requirements for the status and role of each pillar. In practice, the basic old-age insurance is a monopoly, the whole society’s old-age responsibility, and the high, middle and low levels of old-age demand are all on the basic old-age insurance; The coverage rate of the second pillar is low, and its development is obviously lagging behind. By the end of 2018, there were 110 million market entities in China, and less than 0.1% of enterprises established enterprise annuities, most of which were large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and less than 10% of employees participated in the basic old-age insurance. The third pillar has just begun to be piloted, and there is still a lack of effective encouragement and support policies. Highly dependent on the basic old-age insurance as the first pillar, resulting in a high payment rate, most enterprises are unable to build supplementary old-age insurance for employees, limiting the development of the second and third pillars, forming a situation of "single tree is difficult to support".

Fifth, the relevant reforms are not in place and affect the improvement of the system.Many localities and experts have reported that the implementation of the reform of the collection system of social insurance funds and the unified collection of social insurance premiums by tax authorities will be conducive to realizing the payment base of enterprises and finding out the base, laying a foundation for further improving the fee-based system. Implementing large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction, reducing the social security payment rate of enterprises and reducing the burden on enterprises are also necessary measures to cope with the downward pressure on the economy. If we strengthen overall coordination and require enterprises to make a real payment base while reducing the rate, the overall effect of the policy "combination boxing" should be more obvious. However, due to the lack of coordination in actual implementation and the strong social reaction, the reform of the collection system has basically stagnated, and the goal of standardizing the fee base and realizing the fee base cannot be achieved.

The reform of delayed retirement age has been put forward for many years, but the implementation plan has been delayed, and there are many social discussions. Not only has the window period of reform been continuously shortened, but it has also affected the due effect of reform; It also leads to unclear social expectations and lack of effective guidance of public opinion. It has been pointed out that the provision of early retirement for special jobs has not been adjusted for a long time, which is not in line with the actual situation, which is not conducive to stabilizing the income of the fund, and even some enterprises have compiled false materials for reducing staff and increasing efficiency and for early retirement of employees. From the international experience, delaying retirement age or receiving pension age has become a unanimous choice for major developed economies represented by OECD countries to effectively deal with population aging, and many countries have also adopted different degrees of restrictions on early retirement.

The reform of entrusted investment is progressing slowly, and the balance of funds used for investment and operation is less. According to the statistics of the National Social Security Fund Council, the total amount of contracts entrusted to it for investment at the end of 2018 was about 858 billion yuan, accounting for 14.8% of the total balance of the national endowment insurance fund at the end of 2018. Most of the fund balances were still in bank deposits, and the overall ability of the fund to maintain and increase value was not strong.

Third, relevant suggestions

The problem of providing for the aged is related to people’s happiness and well-being, social harmony and stability, and long-term stability of the country. In the face of new situations and challenges such as the new normal of economic development and the accelerated aging of the population, we must adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, conscientiously implement the major decision-making arrangements of the party and the state on the reform of the old-age insurance system, maintain and enhance the credibility of the social security system, enhance the people’s sense of identity and confidence, and enhance their overall awareness, crisis awareness and responsibility awareness. With greater determination and courage, we will promote the reform of the old-age insurance system, improve the scientific and fair nature of the system, strengthen the income capacity of the old-age insurance fund, strengthen and standardize the budget management of the old-age insurance fund, effectively prevent and resolve risks, and enhance the sustainability of the fund by developing the economy, expanding the coverage, increasing the rate of maintaining and increasing the value of surplus funds, and standardizing financial subsidies.

(1) Effectively enhance the sense of urgency and responsibility, and accelerate the implementation of various reforms.

We should fully understand the significance of the normal operation of the basic old-age insurance fund for safeguarding people’s interests and social stability, fully understand the grim situation faced by the old-age insurance system and the fund operation, fully understand the time pressure of gradually narrowing the reform window, further enhance the sense of crisis, enhance the sense of urgency in promoting the reform of the old-age insurance system, make up our minds to speed up the reform, seize the day and wait for no time, intensify the implementation of the CPC Central Committee’s decision-making and deployment on the reform of the old-age insurance system, and improve the system and mechanism so as to make relevant reform plans as soon as possible. It is necessary to accurately grasp the downward trend of the dependency ratio brought about by the acceleration of the aging population, effectively resolve the risks caused by the increasing income of the basic old-age insurance fund year by year, actively respond to the problem of the sustainability of the fund that the whole society is highly concerned about, and some people are worried that they may not get a pension in the future when they participate in the basic old-age insurance system, and pay attention to and reverse the tendency of some enterprise employees and residents to stop paying their fees after participating in the insurance, and some young people who have just joined the work are unwilling to pay for the insurance. It is necessary to improve the operating efficiency of the fund by improving the system. We should attach great importance to strengthening the management of income and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund, regard ensuring the sustainability of the fund as the top priority and the most important responsibility of governments at all levels, and take the fund budget management and actuarial analysis as the important starting points to effectively improve the scientific, refined and modern level of fund management.

(B) to speed up the improvement of the old-age insurance system, improve the scientific and fair system.

The first is to improve the top-level design of the target framework of the multi-level endowment insurance system.Further clarify the overall replacement rate target of the old-age insurance system and the proportion that each pillar should share, and accelerate the construction of a multi-level old-age insurance system. It is suggested to refer to the International Labour Organization’s Convention on the Minimum Standards of Social Security and international experience, and combine the actual situation of China’s economic and social development and residents’ old-age habits to define the overall replacement rate target, ensure that the basic living standards of workers before and after retirement are roughly the same, and improve the mechanism for dynamically adjusting the replacement rate target according to the level of economic and social development and financial affordability. Optimize development goals and policies, make clear that the basic old-age insurance is fully covered and basic, speed up the improvement of relevant fiscal and tax policies, actively guide and promote the healthy development of the second pillar (enterprise annuity and occupational annuity) and the third pillar (personal savings endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance), and form a three-pillar structure of old-age insurance. Further consolidate the security responsibilities that units and individuals should bear in the field of old-age care, and form a good situation in which the state, units and residents participate and share reasonably and actively respond to the aging population.

The second is to introduce reform measures such as delaying the age of receiving pensions and raising the minimum payment period as soon as possible.In order to study and reform the conditions for receiving pensions, it is suggested that the pension age should no longer be linked to the retirement age, and a gradual reform plan for delaying the age of receiving pensions should be formulated and implemented as soon as possible, and the "small steps and quick steps" should be delayed in stages to effectively guide the expectations of the masses. Adjust the conditions for receiving full pension benefits accordingly, and reduce those who are not old enough and have insufficient payment years in proportion. It is suggested to study and increase the minimum payment period of receiving pension, and set restrictions on the number and interval of interruption of payment.

The third is to accelerate the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance.The relevant departments of the central government should strengthen the planning and design of the national overall planning system, and properly handle the relationship between promoting the reform of overall planning level, mobilizing local enthusiasm, and consolidating local main responsibility. They can learn from the experience and practices of establishing a gap responsibility sharing mechanism in some places to prevent "eating from the same pot" and "whipping the cattle". It is necessary to seriously study and establish an effective linkage mechanism between the realistic differences in pension treatment levels between regions and the implementation of national pension planning, and formulate a transition plan to protect the reasonable rights and interests of the people. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance for local governments to carry out the reform of provincial-level unified revenue and expenditure, ensure that the reform tasks are put in place before the end of 2020, and avoid doing things in their own way, so as to create favorable conditions for promoting national overall planning. On this basis, study and formulate a timetable and road map to achieve national overall planning.

The fourth is to improve the incentive and restraint mechanism.It is necessary to improve the incentive mechanism of overpayment, overpayment for a long time and overpayment for late retirement, improve the relevant systems such as the mechanism of linking treatment with payment, optimize the identification criteria for special types of work, and improve the early retirement policy. For those who choose to retire early or late, the level of pension benefits can be reduced or improved according to the corresponding number of years; For flexible employees, urban and rural residents insured, etc., study and improve the financial subsidy policy for payment, and guide the reasonable increase of payment level. In accordance with the principle of "low fee rate and wide fee base", we will establish a linkage mechanism to reduce the payment rate and make a real payment base, and steadily promote the reform of the collection system of old-age insurance premiums without basically increasing the burden of payment. It is necessary to further implement the relevant legal requirements, strictly review the fund’s participation in insurance and collect fees, strengthen the awareness of participating in insurance and paying fees according to law by strengthening publicity and guidance, and improve the inspection and punishment mechanism to prevent illegal phenomena such as missing payment, underpayment and non-payment, and improve the participation rate and payment rate.

(3) Standardizing fund revenue and expenditure and improving the ability to cope with payment risks.

First, based on economic development, enhance the fund’s income potential.Development is the key to solve many economic and social problems in China. To solve the contradiction between income and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund, we must rely on developing the economy, expanding employment, raising the income level and broadening the fee base of the old-age insurance fund. We must adhere to the new development concept, promote high-quality development, persist in promoting reform and opening up, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and make overall plans to stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust the structure, benefit people’s livelihood, prevent risks, and ensure stability, promote sustained and healthy economic development, continuously improve people’s income levels, and consolidate the income base of the fund.

The second is to do a good job in expanding the collection and raising the participation rate and payment rate.It is necessary to use modern information technologies such as big data and cloud computing to strengthen the inter-departmental information sharing and coordination linkage mechanism, promote the free connection and transfer of endowment insurance in an orderly manner throughout the country, improve management ability and service level, focus on the participation of employees in non-public economic organizations and flexible employees in cities and towns in endowment insurance, accelerate the adaptation to the new economy and new formats such as webcasting, promote the classification, accurately expand the coverage, and improve the participation rate, so as to ensure that all insurance is guaranteed. It is necessary to actively and steadily carry out historical arrears and payment audits in accordance with the law, improve the financial subsidy policy for insurance payment, and promote the increase of payment rate.

The third is to increase entrusted investment and improve the level of maintaining and increasing the value of surplus funds.It is necessary to further actively and steadily promote the entrusted investment of the surplus funds of the basic old-age insurance fund, strive to increase the proportion of entrusted investment funds under the premise of ensuring the safe payment of pensions, and strive to enhance the ability of the fund to maintain and increase its value. We should adhere to the principle of prudent investment, promote diversification of asset allocation, make good use of financial instruments such as insurance and reinsurance, and strive to achieve a long-term stable and relatively high income level.

The fourth is to standardize the financial subsidy system and give play to the role of financial support.Further clarify the functional orientation of financial subsidies, improve the ways of financial subsidies, establish a scientific mechanism for determining financial subsidies, and effectively play the institutional functions of financial subsidies. We will study and improve the fiscal and taxation policies to support the development of the old-age insurance system, implement tax-free policies for the payment, operation and income of enterprise (occupational) annuities, accelerate the promotion of personal tax deferred old-age insurance, and enhance the attractiveness, stability and sustainability of the old-age insurance system.

The fifth is to reform and standardize the treatment adjustment mechanism and fund expenditure arrangements to improve the matching degree with income.Standardize the adjustment of insurance benefits, combine the target level of replacement rate, and establish a scientific, reasonable and predictable normal insurance benefits adjustment mechanism that is coordinated with economic development indicators and residents’ income growth indicators. In view of the payment difficulties caused by the heavy historical burden in specific areas, we should study and improve the commitment mechanism to realize the shift from "passively filling the gap" to "actively solving the problem". We will further reform the transfer of state-owned capital, improve the operating budget system of state-owned capital, and solve historical problems such as the reform of state-owned enterprises and the reform of large-scale collective factories. Seriously sorting out and studying the stock debt problems caused by the guarantee of pension payment in some places, we should not only face up to the difficulties caused by the defects of the system itself, but also take effective measures to support local governments to solve debt risks in a safe and orderly manner, and also clarify unreasonable violations of laws and regulations in implementation, increase accountability and urge the implementation of rectification.

(four) improve the fund budget system to ensure the sustainability of the fund.

First, improve the legal system related to the pension fund budget.Do a good job in the organic connection between the Budget Law, the State Council’s Opinions on Implementing the Budget of Social Insurance Fund and other relevant laws and regulations, speed up the revision and promulgation of the Regulations on the Implementation of the Budget Law, clarify the rights and obligations of all relevant subjects in the fund budget, and suggest further consolidating the main responsibilities of financial departments at all levels in the preparation, implementation and management of the basic old-age insurance fund budget. Study and formulate a unified national social security fund budget management method, standardize the fund budget preparation, implementation and management, and establish a budget adjustment mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of the social security fund budget.

The second is to establish and improve a budget system that is compatible with national overall planning.It is necessary to speed up the establishment of a unified system for compiling the budget of the basic old-age insurance fund by the central government, give play to the role of overall planning and coordination by the central government, and lay the foundation for realizing the national unified collection and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund. Improve the construction of budgeting index system, increase the expected growth rate of full-caliber social average wage, expected rate of return on entrusted investment, life expectancy per capita, population growth rate, aging speed and other expected indicators, carry out scientific and standardized fund revenue and expenditure forecast, and improve the scientificity and accuracy of budgeting. Improve the regular analysis system of fund budget implementation, establish risk early warning mechanism and emergency response mechanism, and enhance the timeliness and effectiveness of fund audit. Establish an administrative supervision system and an audit supervision system for social security funds, strengthen social supervision, intensify the crackdown on corruption, misappropriation and malicious insurance fraud, and ensure the safety of funds.

The third is to establish an analysis system of actuarial balance of funds.It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design, establish a scientific and standardized actuarial balance calculation and analysis system for basic old-age insurance funds, and carry out actuarial analysis regularly. According to the long-term demographic changes and economic and social development trends, based on the important factors such as target replacement rate, payment base, rate, and return on investment, improve the actuarial analysis model. Improve the application mechanism of actuarial analysis results in fund budget preparation and endowment insurance policy formulation, and realize sustainable intergenerational balance by dynamically adjusting the level of payment and payment, improving the government subsidy mechanism, and promoting the reform of endowment insurance system.

The fourth is to strengthen the basic work of budget management and information construction.Improve the basic system of data collection and processing, and establish relevant standardization norms to ensure that the basic data is true, accurate, verifiable and comparable. Integrate the existing information systems of various departments and promote the construction of a unified, standardized and dynamically shared national information database. Strengthen the use of data analysis, with the help of modern information technologies such as big data and cloud computing, support the calculation and analysis of fund actuarial balance, strengthen real-time monitoring and analysis of fund operation, and improve the accuracy and modernization level of fund budget management.

The fifth is to strengthen the review and supervision of the budget of the endowment insurance fund by the National People’s Congress.Standardize and improve the preparation of the basic old-age insurance fund budget, further improve and refine the draft budget of the basic old-age insurance fund, increase the sub-regional budget table, and provide the basis, parameter description and performance objectives of the basic old-age insurance fund budget as annexes to the draft budget to improve the readability and auditability of the budget. Give full play to the audit role, deepen the substantive review of the pension fund budget with the help of modern information means such as budget networking supervision system, improve the ability of the National People’s Congress and provincial people’s congresses to review and supervise the pension fund budget, ensure the sustainability and fairness of the pension fund, and enhance the credibility, attraction and cohesion of the pension insurance system.

1  Dependence ratio = working-age population: non-working-age population.

2  Pension replacement rate refers to the ratio between the level of pension collection and the level of wage income before retirement, which is used to measure the difference of living security level between workers before and after retirement.

                         The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) social basic endowment insuranceSpecial research group on fund budget management and reform

Schedule 1  

Average contribution rate of compulsory pensions for employees in some OECD countries in 2016

fillPublic pension: a compulsory pension plan initiated and managed by the public sector of the government, and the government bears direct financial responsibility for the public pension plan. Generally speaking, public pension is equivalent to the "first pillar" of old-age insurance.

Private pension: The organizers include private entities such as individual enterprises, enterprise alliances, trade unions and financial intermediaries approved by the government. All kinds of occupational pensions, enterprise annuities and personal pensions belong to the category of private pensions. The government usually does not bear the direct or final financial responsibility for private pensions, but it has the responsibility of supervision. Private pensions are divided into compulsory and voluntary types. Generally speaking, compulsory private pension is equivalent to the "second pillar" of old-age insurance, and voluntary pension is equivalent to the "third pillar".

Source: OECDPensionsOutlook2018

Schedule II

Pension age in some countries in 2016

Source: OECDPensionsataglance2017

Schedule III  

Overall situation of pension replacement rate in OECD member countries in 2016

Source: OECDPensionsOutlook2018

Schedule IV

Base and proportion of endowment insurance payment in some places in China in 2019

Data source: according to the websites of local human and social departments.

Reform measures of endowment insurance system in some countries

I. Germany

In order to effectively cope with the aging population and resolve the crisis of pension payment, the general idea of German pension insurance system reform is to control the contribution and subsidy growth of statutory pension insurance on the one hand and reduce the pension obtained by retirees from the first pillar (statutory pension insurance) on the premise of not reducing the overall pension level of pensioners (maintaining the replacement rate of about 70%); On the other hand, support the development of the second and third pillars of pension insurance through subsidies and tax incentives, balance the impact caused by the reduction of statutory pension, and shift the burden of statutory pension insurance and the bottleneck of global competition to enterprises and private pension insurance that are flexible and can adapt to the challenges of globalization. The main measures include:The first is to promote the "compensation conversion" enterprise pension insurance reform.German enterprise pension insurance is a pension formed by voluntary contract between employees and employers. In the past, enterprise pension insurance was only paid by employers. Since 2002, employees have the right to invest part of their gross wages in enterprise pension insurance by means of "compensation conversion" (but since 2019, employers will pay at least 15% of the amount of "compensation conversion"). This part of the salary is tax-free and exempt from social insurance contributions, up to 4% of the statutory pension premium calculation limit.The second is to promote the establishment of a private pension insurance system, including the Rister pension system and the Rukup pension system.In 2002, Germany formally established the Rist pension system. This is a state-funded and personal savings pension insurance system. All employees in Germany can participate, but it is not compulsory. The premium is tax-free, and the insured can only withdraw and use the accumulated insurance money after 60 years old. If employees pay a certain percentage of pre-tax income or give birth to children, they can get state subsidies. Rist pension is operated and managed by financial institutions certified by the state, and the state uses the financial "bottom" to guarantee the payment of this pension in the retirement stage. The Rukup pension, which was launched in 2005, is a commercial pension insurance plan that can be voluntarily insured by individuals who can enjoy a large amount of tax refund from the government. The products are provided by insurance companies, and the pension should be collected after reaching the age of 62.The third is to actively increase the birth rate.Increase investment in family policy, affirm the contribution of raising children, convert the time women spend raising children into the payment period of old-age insurance according to the average wage in various places, encourage the birth of children and improve the fertility rate through indirect social welfare policies and family policies.The fourth is to extend the retirement age.Extend the retirement age in a continuous and slow way: from 2012 to 2022, postpone retirement for one month every year; From 2023 to 2029, retirement will be delayed for two months every year, and finally the retirement age will be extended from 65 years before the reform to 67 years.

Second, France

With the pension insurance system with high welfare becoming more and more difficult to maintain and the pension deficit increasing sharply, France has taken many measures to adjust the pension insurance system.The first is to indirectly reduce the level of protection.Extend the pension calculation and payment base of the public and private sectors from the 10-year average monthly salary with the highest salary level in the career to the highest 25 years. Decoupling the adjustment of basic pension benefits from wages and linking it to the price index.The second is to extend the retirement age.Extend the retirement age from 60 to 62, and extend the retirement age of receiving full basic pension from 65 to 67. Since 2019, those who meet the statutory retirement age and the minimum payment period for receiving a full supplementary pension will not be able to receive a full supplementary pension unless they work more and pay for one year; If retirement is delayed until the age of 64 and above, you will enjoy rewards.The third is to extend the minimum payment period for receiving full basic pension.From the original 37.5 years to 43 years.The fourth is to pay attention to vulnerable groups.We will provide a minimum living guarantee for the poor elderly who have no right to receive pensions, include maternity leave subsidies for women in the pension calculation and payment base, extend the pension exemption time for the unemployed, and stipulate that workers who have worked too long or engaged in heavy labor can retire early.Fifth, adjust the structure of the endowment insurance system.Establish two kinds of fund accumulation pension insurance, namely "enterprise collective retirement savings plan" and "individual retirement pension savings plan", and encourage enterprises and individuals to participate by reducing and exempting enterprise social security contributions and personal income tax, so as to improve the "three pillars" insurance system.

III. Austria

In order to effectively cope with the aging population, Austria actively promotes the reform of the old-age insurance system. Measures taken include:The first is to raise the retirement age of women.Gradually increase the retirement age of women from 60 to 65, which is consistent with the retirement age of men.The second is to implement incentive and restraint policies.Establish an old-age insurance account system for people born after 1955, and implement the "45/65/80" scheme, that is, those who retire at the age of 65 and pay 45 years’ premium will ensure that their pension will reach 80% of their pre-retirement income. At the same time, early retirement is restricted, and it is allowed to retire up to three years in advance (women are prohibited from retiring early), and the treatment level is reduced by 4.5% for every one year in advance; Delayed retirement is encouraged, and the salary level is increased by 4.2% for every one year of delayed retirement.The third is to unify pension accounts.Since 2014, all different types of personal pensions have been unified into a single account, and the annual report system has been implemented. It is expected that the longer you work, the higher your salary will be by reporting the status of pension accounts and the expected salary level after retirement every year.The fourth is to cancel the disability pension and establish a disability rehabilitation center.This will help more disabled people to return to the job market instead of directly retiring.

IV. Norway

The third round of pension reform in Norway since 2011 focuses on promoting the employment of the elderly and expanding the labor participation of the whole society, which has the following characteristics:The first is to establish a "selective" retirement system.Before the reform, Norway’s legal retirement age was 67, and people who had worked for 40 years could receive a pension. After the reform, employees can voluntarily apply for retirement from the age of 62, but the total present value of pensions is expected to remain unchanged. The earlier they retire voluntarily, the less they will receive annual pensions. At the same time, the New Deal allows employees to continue to work full-time while receiving pensions, which is very flexible and the rights and interests are guaranteed.The second is to establish corresponding supporting institutional arrangements.We will implement the active employment policy for the elderly, set up a special policy center for the elderly, actively promote various activities aimed at encouraging the employment of the elderly, and promote the formation of joint forces among the government, enterprises, trade unions and social organizations. We will improve laws and regulations that encourage the elderly to take active jobs, prohibit employers from dismissing employees under 70 just because they have reached the statutory retirement age, and consider raising the age limit to 75.The third is to improve the fiscal and taxation policies that support the extension.Preferential tax policies such as tax reduction and exemption and deferred taxation are adopted to encourage the elderly to delay retirement, work longer hours and make more contributions. Through the reform of retirement system and structural policy arrangements, a virtuous circle of "delaying retirement-increasing labor supply-improving productivity-expanding tax base-improving the sustainability of pension expenditure" has been formed.

No.122 [2023] of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

The competent departments of industry and information technology of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant industry associations, enterprises and institutions:

The "Implementation Opinions on the Construction and Application of Manufacturing Technology Innovation System" are hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

August 15, 2023

Note:

① There are 1-5★, and the more★, the higher the overall level. Among them, one ★ belongs to the field of "stuck neck", which is highly dependent on the outside world in terms of products and technology, and its self-sufficiency rate is very low. Two ★ means that technology belongs to the field of "stuck neck", and it is externally dependent on products and technologies, and the technology and products as a whole are not competitive and have weak self-sufficiency ability. 3 ★ means that the independent technology and products are in the "usable" stage, and some technologies and products in the link have certain competitiveness at home and abroad, and the self-sufficiency rate is at a medium level. 4 ★ means that the independent technology and products are in the "easy to use" stage, and some technologies in the link have strong international competitiveness and high self-sufficiency rate. Five ★ represents that the independent technology and products in the link are in the "easy to use" stage, with strong international competitiveness, leading domestic technology level and high self-sufficiency rate.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of technological development. Among them, the level 1 representative has weak technical ability and is seriously subject to people. Level-2 represents weak self-owned technical ability, and key technologies are subject to people. Level 3 represents a certain breakthrough in its own technology and keeps pace with the international leading level. The key technologies of Level 4 Representative are relatively mature, and some of them have reached the international advanced level. Level 5 represents the establishment and perfection of its own technical system, and the key technologies have reached the international leading level.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the larger the number, the higher the basic commonality. Among them, level 1 represents the key technology is only the unique technology of the production object in this link. Level 2 represents that key technologies are applicable to this subdivision. Level 3 means that key technologies are applicable to this industry. Level 4 means that key technologies are applicable to most industries. Level 5 represents that key technologies are widely applicable to various industries.

④ It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, the level of level 1 representatives is basically the same as that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and that of foreign countries.

Main characteristic indicators: describe the technical indicators that can be compared at home and abroad.

⑤ The technology without independent ability corresponds to level 1 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies, indicating that the technology is completely dependent on the outside world and is in the stage of tackling key scientific and technological problems; The technologies to be industrialized correspond to Grade 2-3 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies. Grade 2 indicates that the technology has passed the stage of tackling key scientific and technological problems and is in the stage of commercialization and small-batch production of achievements. Grade 3 indicates that the products and technological processes tend to be mature but have not yet completed the industrialization stage. Mature technologies that can be widely popularized correspond to grades 4-5 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies. Grade 4 indicates that the technology has been preliminarily matured and can be applied to individual industries, and grade 5 indicates that the technology is advanced and mature and can be widely popularized.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5 pieces. The more pieces, the higher the overall level. The overall evaluation can be made by combining the gap between domestic and foreign material suppliers, the diversity and stability of material sources, etc.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the greater the number, the greater the gap. Level 1 represents a high market share of domestic materials, which has strong international competitiveness and is in the forefront of the international market share. Level 2 represents a high market share of domestic materials and has certain competitiveness in the world. Level 3 represents that domestic materials are in the "usable" stage and have a certain market share. Level 4 means that the materials are mainly from abroad, and the domestic materials are in the stage of "not easy to use". Level 5 means that there is no relevant material supplier in China, and the degree of control is high.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the bigger the number, the better the situation. Overall evaluation can be given in combination with diversity and stability. In terms of diversity evaluation, the first-level representative supplier has a single source. The number of level 2 representative suppliers is small, and all of them are foreign suppliers. Level 3 represents a certain number of suppliers, and most of the products are supplied from abroad. Level 4 represents diversified suppliers, some of which are from abroad. Level 5 means that suppliers have diversified sources and have alternatives in extreme cases. In terms of stability, the main suppliers of the first-level representative core products are extremely unstable and highly constrained, which is greatly affected by changes in the international situation. Level 2 represents the unstable suppliers of core products, which are highly controlled and affected by changes in the international situation. Level 3 represents the suppliers of core products with certain stability, and domestic or friendly countries account for a certain proportion. Level 4 represents stable suppliers of core products, mainly domestic or friendly countries. Level 5 represents stable suppliers of core products, mainly domestic suppliers.

Note:

① It is divided into four levels: international leading, international advanced, domestic leading and domestic advanced. It is necessary to fill in the top three enterprises in terms of foreign and domestic share or overall development level respectively.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the bigger the number, the better the situation. Level 1 represents that domestic enterprises have not established cooperative relations or cannot form cooperation due to lack of links; level 2 represents that some upstream and downstream enterprises have established cooperative relations; level 3 represents that upstream and downstream key enterprises have established cooperative relations; level 4 represents that upstream and downstream key links have established extensive cooperative relations and jointly promoted the research and development and industrialization of new technologies and new products; level 5 represents that upstream and downstream enterprises have closely cooperated and collaborative innovations have been widely applied, forming an overall competitive advantage.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. Overall evaluation combined with domestic manufacturing equipment capabilities and gaps and other factors for overall comprehensive analysis.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, there is basically no difference in the level of level 1 representatives. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and foreign countries, so it is very difficult to catch up.

Static breakthrough period: the shortest time required for domestic production of products of the same level as those of foreign countries.

Note:

According to the concept of "quality is determined by R&D and design, realized by manufacturing and guaranteed by inspection and testing", quality runs through the whole life cycle of products and requires various quality engineering technologies. Among them, quality design technology is related design control technology around quality characteristics in the design process of products or manufacturing. Such as: design parameter optimization technology, reliability design technology and so on. Manufacturing process quality control technology is a related control technology around product quality characteristics in the process of product processing and manufacturing. Such as: on-line measurement control technology, equipment stability assurance technology, etc. Detection and test technology is related to the measurement, inspection and test of product quality characteristics. Such as calibration technology. Quality assurance technology: It refers to the technology related to product quality control in order to ensure users’ continuous use requirements and subsequent quality improvement during product delivery and operation. Such as: Operation and Maintenance Task Analysis Technology (OMTA), Fault Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS), etc.

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. 1★ represents the lack of quality engineering technology, and there is no relevant quality engineering technology institution in China. 2★ represents weak quality engineering technology and lack of authoritative organization. Level 3★ means that there is a gap in quality engineering technology, and it has a well-known quality engineering technology institution. 4★ It represents that there is a gap in some domestic quality engineering technologies, and it has internationally renowned quality engineering technology institutions. 5★ represents that quality engineering technology is at the same level with foreign countries, and it has international advanced quality engineering technology institutions.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, there is basically no difference in the level of level 1 representatives. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and foreign countries, so it is very difficult to catch up.

Note:

Standard categories include: international standards, regional standards, national standards, industry standards, group standards and enterprise-led factual standards.

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. One ★ represents a serious lack of domestic standards in this field, no independent standards and lack of application, the standards are subject to people and difficult to break through, the right to speak technology is seriously lacking, and the necessary patents for standards are held by foreign enterprises. Two ★ represent the lack of domestic standards in this field, the insufficient number and application of independent standards, the insufficient matching between independent standards and the current level of industrial development, and the existence of many new technologies and products that have not been covered. China has adopted international standards, but it lacks the right to speak in technology. 3 ★ represents that there are a certain number of independent standards in China, but the standard system is not perfect, the applicability of independent standards basically matches the current industrial development level, the digitalization of standards has begun to advance, and there are some new technologies and products that have not been covered. The implementation of standards in this field is good, and the standards have been adopted by certain policies in terms of market access, supervision after the event, etc. China has participated in the formulation of international standards in this field and formed a certain technical discourse right in some sub-fields. 4 ★ Represents that domestic standards in this field are relatively complete, and there is a mature standard system. Independent standards and standards are widely used digitally, which has played a great role in promoting industrial development. The implementation of standards in this field by enterprises is very good, and standards are widely publicized and trained. Standards have more policy acceptance in market access, supervision after the event, etc., and domestic enterprises actively participate in international standardization activities in this field.And formed a greater technical discourse power. Five stars ★ represent that the standards in this field are complete and sufficient, the standard system is sound and forward-looking, and the independent standards and standards are widely used digitally, which has played an important role in promoting industrial development. Enterprises have achieved remarkable results in implementing the standards in this field, with a high compliance rate. They have organized extensive standards publicity and training, and the standards have been widely adopted by policies in terms of market access and supervision afterwards, and have established a leading position in international standardization in this field.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. The overall evaluation combines the gap between domestic and foreign major service providers, the level of digital development and the level of green development to make a comprehensive analysis.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of digital development. Level 1 representatives do not have the relevant digital transformation and development capabilities. The second-level representative part adopted automation technology and information technology to transform and upgrade the production activities, and initially realized the data sharing of the business. Level 3 represents the integration of the equipment and systems involved to realize cross-link data sharing. Level 4 fully excavates and applies the data of personnel, resources and manufacturing in the manufacturing process through digital means, and the production efficiency and product quality are obviously improved. Level 5 represents the iterative upgrading of the industry based on digital technology, efficient coordination of the industrial chain, and accelerated formation of new models and new formats.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of green development. Level 1 represents high energy consumption level of products, weak pollutant treatment capacity and generally weak awareness of green development. Level 2 represents a high level of energy consumption, a weak ability to deal with pollutants, and a weak ability to serve green manufacturing. Level 3 delegates have established a green development mechanism, initially carried out energy conservation, pollutant prevention and control, and formed a number of green technology/solution service providers. Level 4 represents that green and low-carbon technologies have been expanded and applied, energy consumption level and carbon emission intensity have been steadily reduced, and the green technology/solution service system is relatively perfect. Level 5 represents a low energy consumption level, achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions, and improving the green technology/solution service provider system.

④ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the larger the number, the higher the maturity of the supporting facilities. Level 1 representatives have no relevant public service platform at present. Level 2 representatives have relevant public service platforms, and their service capabilities are single. Level 3 representatives have relevant public service platforms and provide some necessary public service projects. The four-level representative service platform has common services such as information service, financing service, technological innovation service, entrepreneurship service, training service, management consulting service, market development and legal service. The Level-5 representative platform focuses on industrial characteristics and application requirements, and has established complete services including specialized information services, financing services, technological innovation services, entrepreneurial services, training services, management consulting services, market development, and legal services.

　　Cctv newsOn July 9th, the State Council and the Treasury Department of the United States announced that they would impose sanctions on a Xinjiang, China government agency and four officials according to the domestic laws of the United States. In response, Zhao Lijian, spokesman of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, expressed firm opposition and strong condemnation at today’s (10th) press conference, and announced that reciprocal measures would be taken against relevant American institutions and individuals who behaved badly on Xinjiang-related issues.

　　Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao LijianThe above-mentioned actions of the US side seriously interfere in China’s internal affairs, seriously violate the basic norms of international relations and seriously damage Sino-US relations. China resolutely opposes this and strongly condemns it. In response to the wrong actions of the United States, China decided to take reciprocal measures against relevant American institutions and individuals who behaved badly on Xinjiang-related issues. Xinjiang affairs are purely China’s internal affairs, and the US has no power and is not qualified to interfere.

　　Zhao Lijian emphasized that the China government is determined to defend the interests of national sovereignty, security and development, to crack down on violent, separatist and religious extremist forces, and to oppose any external interference in Xinjiang affairs and China’s internal affairs.

　　Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao LijianWe urge the US to immediately revoke the wrong decision and stop any words and deeds that interfere in China’s internal affairs and harm China’s interests. If the US persists in its actions, China will resolutely fight back.

The article was transferred from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Semiconductor Industry Watch" (ID: ICBank)

First, let’s take a look.Classification of chips:

Pictures fromWechat WeChat official account "semiconductor industry observation"

In daily life, we can find the types of chips, such as communication chips, artificial intelligence chips, LED chips, computer chips and so on.

Industrial chain of chipsHere’s the thing:

According to the industrial chain division, the core link of the chip from design to factory mainly includes six parts:

(1) Design softwareChip design software is a key tool for chip companies to design chip structures. At present, the structural design of chips mainly depends on EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software.

(2) instruction set systemFrom a technical point of view, the CPU is only a high collection of millions of small switches, without an efficient instruction set system, the chip can not run the operating system and software;

(3) Chip design, mainly connected to the interface of electronic products and services;

(4) Manufacturing equipment, that is, the equipment for producing chips;

(5) Round crystal OEMThe wafer foundry is the production workshop of chips from drawings to products, which determines the performance indexes such as nano-technology adopted by chips;

(6) Packaging test, which is the last link before the chip is sold, is mainly aimed at ensuring the quality of the product and has relatively low technical requirements.

Overall, inIn most industries such as instruction set and design, the status of China chip industry is very weak.There is a big gap between China and European and American chip industry enterprises. However, in the sectors with relatively low technical requirements, such as wafer foundry, packaging and testing, is expected to take the lead in rising and become a field that is expected to catch up with the world average.

Domestic chip industry chain and main manufacturers;

Image from: Southwest Securities Research Report

What are the leading players in each subdivision of the chip??

The leading memory chip design in China is Zhaoyi innovation;

The domestic GPU leader is Jing Jiawei;

Yangjie technology is the leader of semiconductor discrete devices in China;

SMIC is the leader of wafer foundry in mainland China;

Sanan Optoelectronics is the global leader in LED chips;

Silanwei is a domestic IDM quality enterprise;

North Huachuang is the leader of domestic semiconductor equipment;

Zhichun Technology is the only A-share high-purity process system integration supplier;

Jingrui Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in microelectronics chemicals in China;

Zhongke Shuguang is a leading enterprise in high performance computing in China;

Ziguang Guoxin is a listed company in the semiconductor industry under Ziguang Group, and is currently the leading supplier of integrated circuit chip design and system integration solutions in China.

Beijing Jun is the leading enterprise of embedded processor chips;

Zhongying electronics is a domestic high-quality IC design company;

Huiding Technology is a global leader in biometric chips;

Changdian technology is a domestic semiconductor packaging and testing leader;

In addition to the above leading sub-sectors worthy of further study, we can also pay attention to the investment targets of the National Integrated Circuit Industry Fund (referred to as the "Big Fund") in recent years. Please add WeChat WeChat official account: robotinfo Ma Yun is paying attention.

Everbright Securities summarized the investment targets of "big funds". As of January 19, 2018, big funds have become shareholders of more than 50 companies, involving 18 A-share companies and 3 Hong Kong stock companies. At present, the stock market value of big funds exceeds 20 billion yuan.

Here are some good A-share chip companies.

Zhaoyi innovation: domestic storage faucet

As a domestic storage leader, Zhaoyi Innovation ranks among the top three in the global Nor flash market, and with the withdrawal of Japanese and American companies, its market share continues to increase; The storage price keeps rising, and the company’s profitability is bright.

The company builds IDM storage industry chain. In October 2017, the company and Hefei Industrial Investment Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd. signed a cooperation agreement on memory research and development, and jointly carried out the research and development project of 12-inch wafer memory (including DRAM, etc.) with a process of 19nm memory, namely Hefei Changxin. At present, the research and development is progressing smoothly.

Jiangfeng Electronics: Domestic Target Tap

Ultra-high purity metal and sputtering target are one of the key materials in the production of VLSI. The company’s ultra-high purity metal sputtering target products have been applied to the cutting-edge manufacturing technology of world-renowned semiconductor manufacturers, achieving mass supply at the 16-nanometer technology node, successfully breaking the monopoly pattern of multinational companies in the United States and Japan, and also meeting the mass production demand of domestic manufacturers at the 28-nanometer technology node, filling the gap in China’s electronic materials industry.

The company cooperated with Garber in the CMP project in the United States, and won the first order for domestic CMP polishing pads in November 2017.

North Huachuang: the leader of domestic equipment

As the equipment leader, North Huachuang has benefited deeply from the current wave of wafer factory expansion. The company’s business covers integrated circuits, LEDs, photovoltaics and other fields, and many equipments have entered the 14-nanometer process.

The company’s product line covers seven core categories such as etcher, PVD, CVD, oxidation furnace, cleaning machine, diffusion furnace and MFC, and its downstream customers are mainly domestic first-tier fabs such as SMIC, Changjiang Storage and Huali Microelectronics.

Ziguang Guoxin: storage design+FPGA

The company is a leading memory chip design company in China. The layout of the company includes the acquisition of 51% equity of Xi ‘an Huaxin held by Shandong Huaxin, and the total shareholding has increased to 76%, achieving the goal of becoming the first echelon of domestic memory design. At present, the company’s newly developed DDR4 products are being verified and optimized. Recently, the company started to make efforts on FPGA.

Gaode infrared: infrared chip faucet

As the only manufacturer in China who has mastered the second-class superlattice focal plane detector technology, Gaode Infrared has successfully developed engineering products, which means that new breakthroughs have been achieved in blank areas such as photoelectric "anti-missile" and "anti-satellite". At the same time, the popularization and application of mass and low-cost core devices in the civil field has also established the competitive position of infrared chips made in China in the domestic and even international infrared industry.

SSE Information learned that in 2017, the company’s military orders were partially postponed due to the military reform, and the latest news is that the postponed orders will be resumed without affecting the new procurement plan for 2018.

Huatai Securities believes that vertical division of labor has become the development direction of the business model of the semiconductor industry. It is mainly composed of the following three parts: design, manufacture and sealing test. Revenue accounts for about 27%, 51% and 22% of the total sales revenue of the industrial chain respectively.

Chip design company

The top ten in China are Huawei Hisilicon, thunis Zhanrui, ZTE Microelectronics, Huada Semiconductor, Zhixin Microelectronics, Huiding Technology, Silanwei, Datang Semiconductor, Duntai Technology and Zhongxing Microelectronics.

Important companies:

First place: Haisi

There are a lot of HiSilicon processors and HiSilicon baseband chips in the Huawei mobile phones you use, and HiSilicon chips are also available in the smart TV and security system you bought. HiSilicon will be the largest chip design company in China for a long time, and will rise with the growth of Huawei Group in the future. Qualcomm, the world’s number one, earned $15.4 billion in 2016, 3.5 times that of Haisi.

Second place: Ziguang Zhanrui

Spreadtrum, founded after the merger of Rideco, is currently the largest supplier of Samsung mobile phone processors and baseband chips except its own products. The Samsung mobile phones you bought are mainly low-end series, and the chips inside are Ziguang Zhanrui.

Third place: ZTE Microelectronics

Mainly some chips used in our own communication equipment, and mobile phone chips are still purchased.

Fourth place: Huada Semiconductor

China Electronics and Information Industry Group Co., Ltd. (CEC) is a group company formed by integrating its integrated circuit enterprises. It has a large share in smart cards and security chips, smart card applications, analog circuits, new displays and other fields. At present, Huada Semiconductor has three listed companies, including A-share Shanghai Belling and Hong Kong stock company CLP Holdings and Jingmen Technology.

Fifth place: Zhixin Microelectronics

It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Grid Information Industry Group, covering three business directions: chip sensing, communication control and energy saving, and is committed to becoming a provider of high-end products, technologies, services and overall solutions with smart chips as the core.

Sixth place: Huiding Technology

Is a listed company, the company has achieved the second place in the field of fingerprint identification chips in the world, second only to AuthenTec, which provides fingerprint identification chips for Apple.

Seventh place: Silan Microelectronics

LED lighting driving IC is one of its main business income, and it also provides variable frequency motor control chips for home appliance enterprises.

Eighth place: Datang Semiconductor

Industrial layout with smart terminal chips, smart security chips and automotive electronic chips as the core.

Ninth place: Duntai Technology

Founded in the United States in 2005, it is committed to the research and development of man-machine interface solutions, providing the most competitive capacitive screen touch chip, TFT LCD display driver chip, touch display integrated single chip (IDC supporting embedded panel), fingerprint identification chip and pressure touch chip for mobile electronic devices.

Tenth place: Zhongxing Microelectronics

Occupy more than 60% of the global market share of computer image input chips. In 2005, Zhongxing Microelectronics was successfully listed on the NASDAQ stock market in the United States. At the beginning of 2016, Zhongxing Microelectronics launched the world’s first SVAC video codec SoC with integrated neural network processor (NPU), which enabled intelligent analysis results to be encoded with video data at the same time to form a structured video stream. This technology is widely used in video surveillance cameras, which opens a new era of intelligent security monitoring.

The key listed companies are: Ziguang Guoxin, Zhaoyi Innovation (Memory), Huiding Technology, Shilanwei (IDM), Datang Telecom, Quanzhi Technology, Zhongying Electronics (household appliances MCU, lithium battery, etc.), Beijing Junzheng, Apex, Fuhanwei, etc.

Chip manufacturing field

Similar to the panel industry, the manufacturing of semiconductor industry is an asset and technology-intensive industry, with large equipment demand, high technology content and high added value. The investment of a single factory is in the order of tens of billions. According to the data, a state-of-the-art 12-inch wafer production line needs to invest about 45 billion yuan, and TSMC’s 3-nanometer factory investment is expected to be 20 billion US dollars. Key listed companies are: SMIC, Hua Hong Semiconductor, etc.

Memory chip field

At present, the three major memory manufacturers in China are in the intensive construction stage. It is expected that they will enter the equipment installation stage in the first half of 2018, and a new round of equipment commissioning and installation drama will be staged soon.

Yangtze river storage:In March 2016, the national memory base with a total investment of about 160 billion yuan was launched in Wuhan. Four months later, Changjiang Storage Group was formally established, and Ziguang Group participated in the second phase of Changjiang Storage. According to Wuhan Xinxin, the registered capital of Changjiang Storage is invested in two phases. The first phase was jointly funded by the National IC Industry Investment Fund, Hubei Guoxin Industry Investment Fund and Hubei Science and Technology Investment Group, the shareholder of Wuhan Xinxin, and the Yangtze River Storage was established on the basis of Wuhan Xinxin IC Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (namely "Wuhan Xinxin"). The second phase will be jointly funded by Ziguang Group and the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund. Changjiang Storage will take chip manufacturing as a breakthrough, integrating memory product design, technology research and development, wafer production and testing, and sales. It is estimated that the monthly production capacity will be 300,000 pieces by 2020, and the monthly production capacity will be 1 million pieces by 2030.

Jinhua memory integrated circuit production project is located in the integrated circuit industrial park in Jinjiang, Quanzhou. It is jointly invested by Fujian Electronic Information Group and Quanzhou and Jinjiang governments. The total planned area is 594 mu, and the first phase investment is 37 billion yuan. The construction content includes wafer manufacturing and industrial chain support. It is estimated that the production scale of 60,000 12-inch advanced process memory wafers will be formed in September 2018. After the project is completed, it will fill the gap in the mainstream memory field in China. It is reported that as a key DRAM memory production project supported by the state, Jinhua Project has been included in the list of major projects in the national "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for major integrated circuit productivity layout planning, and has been supported by the national special construction fund.

Hefei changxinIs a memory project jointly developed by Beijing GigaDevice and Hefei Municipal Government. Invested 7.2 billion US dollars (about NT$ 216.646 billion) to build a 12-inch wafer factory to develop DRAM products. After completion in the future, it is estimated that the maximum monthly production will be as high as 125,000 chips.

Sealing and testing field

Key listed companies include: Changdian Technology (leading company), Huatian Technology (excellent financial indicators), Tongfu Microelectronics, Taiji Industry (DRAM sealing and testing, clean room), Shenzhen Technology, etc.

Integrated circuit equipment

There are only four wafer manufacturing equipment suppliers above designated size in China, accounting for 7%: according to the report of global wafer manufacturing equipment suppliers above designated size released by Gartner, there are 58 equipment companies in its statistical range, and China only holds 4 seats, namely North Huachuang, Zhongwei Semiconductor, Shengmei Semiconductor and Mattson (acquired by Yizhuang Guotou in 2016), and the others are located in Japan, 13 in the European Union, 10 in the United States, 7 in South Korea.

The key listed companies are: North Huachuang, a leader in high-end IC process equipment, Changchuan Technology, a leader in testing equipment (covering the whole field of manufacturing and packaging), and high-purity process leader to pure technology (lithography, etching, etc.), all of which use chemicals and special gases and have high requirements on purity. Pure technology is to control the purity of gas) and single crystal equipment leader Jingsheng electromechanical, etc.

semiconductor material

China’s semiconductor manufacturing materials industry maintained a sustained growth trend. In 2016, the sales revenue of semiconductor materials enterprises in China was 25.6 billion yuan. It is estimated that China will become the third largest market in the world after 2018. The localization of material supply chain is not only conducive to the control of manufacturing cost, rapid and timely response of service, safe and controllable technology, but also brings more industrial synergy benefits.

The key listed companies are: with the continuous breakthrough of reagent purification and transportation technology, the amount of wet electronic chemicals is relatively certain in a short period of time, and it is suggested to focus on domestic leading Jingrui Co., Ltd. and Jianghuawei; At present, the target material is the first sub-industry of semiconductor core industry chain in China, so it is suggested to focus on Jiangfeng Electronics, the domestic target leader. Large-size silicon wafer is also a relatively certain field in the future. It is suggested to pay attention to Shanghai Xinyang, a pioneer company that is already in the trial production certification stage. In addition, Nanda Optoelectronics in the field of photoresist and Dinglong shares in the field of CMP polishing pad are expected to take the lead in technological breakthroughs and realize import substitution at an early date.

　　Recently, although the Korean entertainment circle is shrouded in the shadow of star suicide, many stars have made their love affairs public. Cui Zhiyou and Li Zhenxu, Li Dongjian and Ye-ryeon Cha, Jiang Huizhen and Tablo, Han Gaoen and Jin Dongyuan have all become the targets of media pursuit, which is enough to sweep away the haze caused by suicide. According to media analysis, the biggest driving force for artists’ open love affair is the global financial crisis.

　　In February, Tablo, who disclosed the fact of love, once again disclosed the intimate photos with her lover Jiang Huizhen, and they showed their love at the dinner table. At the same time, Tablo also expressed his endless affection for his lover in his blog.

　　Active exposure type

　　Jiang Huizhen and Tablo

　　Jiang Huizhen, an actress, is much more high-profile. She recently made it public on a TV program that she is in love with the singer Tablo. She revealed that since the public affair, they don’t have to secretly date as before, so they feel very comfortable. According to reports, the two met through friends at the end of last year and soon developed into lovers. After that, Tablo also talked about love generously: "I feel very happy because she is here. She always brings me endless energy. I really appreciate her."

Han Gaoen and Jin Dongyuan.

　　Han Gaoen and Jin Dongyuan.

　　Coincidentally, Han Gaoen, an actor, suddenly exposed a new love affair on a TV program a few days ago: "I have a lover who has known each other for about 12 years and dated for 2 months. He is not an actor, and we have a good relationship. " As soon as this remark came out, it attracted media speculation. After verification, it was found that it was director Jin Dongyuan who captured Han Gaoen’s heart. After he became famous as an advertising director in the 1990s, he broke into the Korean film industry in 2006 through the popular film "One Head and One Master". The fate of the two can be traced back to 12 years ago. Han Gaoen’s first advertising work was written by Jin Dongyuan. Last November, the two quickly developed into lovers in the process of filming the movie "The City of Regret".

Han Zhihui was photographed by a Korean media when they went hiking together for a date.

　　Han Zhihui fell in love with the prosecutor.

　　Generally, artists meet secretly in the parking lot in front of their homes for fear of exposure. On the contrary, actor Han Zhihui (25 years old) enjoys public dating happily. At present, she is in love with A Jun, a prosecutor who is six years older than herself, and Han Zhihui also admitted that they have recently started dating since they met in January this year.

　　Mr. A, the hero who won Han Zhihui’s heart, is an elite prosecutor. Although he has not been in office for a long time, he has been recognized by his colleagues and predecessors with his honesty. A Jun not only graduated from Seoul National University, the highest institution in Korea, but also passed the judicial examination. He is a talented person with a bright future.

Xin ‘ai

Sung – eun Kim

　　Xin Ai Seong-eun Kim found their own home.

　　In addition, actors Xin Ai and Seong-eun Kim announced the "good news" in March. The former will marry a Korean student who is two years older than her and is studying in the United States in May and June. The latter confessed in the SBS TV program that he was "happily in love" with South Korean football player Zheng Zhaoguo.

General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government

On the issuance of "prevention and control of air pollution in Hunan Province"“Guard the blue sky"

Action plan for tackling key problems (2023—2025Notice of the year)

Hunan zhengban made [2023〕34number

HNPR—2023—01018

 

The people’s governments of cities, counties and cities, the provincial government departments and commissions, and the directly affiliated institutions:

Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Hunan Province“Guard the blue sky"Action plan for tackling key problems (2023—2025Year) has been agreed by the provincial people’s government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

 

General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government               

2023yeareightmoon23Sun         

 

Prevention and control of air pollution in Hunan Province“Guard the blue sky"Action plan for tackling key problems

(2023—2025Year)

 

In order to defend the blue sky in depth and strive to achieve a fundamental improvement in the quality of the atmospheric environment in the province, according to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Air Pollution Prevention Law and Hunan Province“China’s 14th five-year plan"Eco-environmental protection plan "and other laws, regulations and policies, this action plan is formulated.

I. General requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the supreme leader’s thought of ecological civilization, implement the spirit of the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection, take the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the overall starting point, take the overall improvement of air quality as the core, focus on reducing heavy pollution weather and solving outstanding atmospheric environmental problems, highlight systematic governance, source governance and comprehensive governance, strengthen precise pollution control, scientific pollution control and pollution control according to law, adhere to the problem-oriented, goal-oriented and result-oriented principles, and make every effort, punch and make efforts.“See results in one year and improve in two years.2025Basically eliminate heavily polluted weather in".

(2) Basic principles

——Insist on optimizing the structure and treat both the symptoms and root causes. Effectively promote the optimization and adjustment of energy, industry and transportation structure, effectively improve the clean and low-carbon level, carry out in-depth pollution control in key industries, and greatly reduce the total amount of air pollutants discharged in key areas.

——Insist on highlighting key points and synergizing. focusPM_2.fiveAnd ozone, highlight key areas, tasks and time periods, strengthen coordinated emission reduction of multiple pollutants, and promote coordinated governance and joint prevention and control.

——Adhere to joint management and compact responsibility. Clarify the division of responsibilities, strengthen departmental cooperation, and form a joint force to overcome difficulties. Strengthen the linkage between monitoring, law enforcement and supervision, consolidate capacity building, strictly control and strictly examine, and promote the implementation of responsibilities and measures.

(3) attack the target

2023In, the national air quality index was achieved, and the whole provincePM_2.fiveConcentration strives for34μg/m^threeWithin; Among them Changsha City is in37μg/m^threeWithin.2024Year, ahead of schedule to complete the state issued.“China’s 14th five-year plan"Air quality goal, the whole provincePM_2.fiveConcentration at33μg/m^threeWithin; Among them Changsha City is in36μg/m^threeWithin, and strive to catch up with the middle reaches of the provincial capital cities.2025In, the whole provincePM_2.fiveConcentration at32μg/m^threeWithin, strive to reach the national average, in the forefront of the six central provinces, basically eliminate heavy pollution weather; Among them Changsha City is in35μg/m^threeWithin, and ensure that it reaches the upper-middle level of the provincial capital cities, and strive to rank among the advanced ranks. (See Annex for details)

Second, attack the task

Deploy key tasks around key areas of air pollution prevention and control, and promote the effectiveness of key actions.

(1) Energy field

onePromote green and low-carbon energy transformation. Strictly implement the substitution of equal amount and reduction of coal, and increase the proportion of coal consumption. Expand natural gas sources through multiple channels, increase the proportion of external electricity reception, and continue to advance.“Coal to gas”“Coal to electricity"Project, vigorously promote the use of clean energy or power plant heat, industrial waste heat, etc. to replace coal for boilers and furnaces, and accelerate the promotion of building materials enterprises such as glass and floor tiles, as well as blast furnaces and reverberatory furnaces in non-ferrous smelting industries.“Coal to gas"In accordance with the law and regulations, promote the orderly exit of gas producers and promote the development of non-fossil energy. arrive2025In, the proportion of coal consumption in primary energy consumption fell to51%About, the proportion of coal consumption reached55%Above.[Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Provincial Energy Bureau) takes the lead, and the municipal people’s governments are responsible for the implementation; The following are required to be implemented by the municipal people’s governments, and are no longer listed]

2Strengthen the control of no-burn zone and promote the substitution of loose coal. Strengthen the supervision of coal production, sales and use. Optimize and adjust the scope of the no-burn zone for highly polluting fuels, and severely investigate and deal with coal burning behavior in the no-burn zone. Promote the low-carbon transformation of rural energy consumption and accelerate the substitution of loose coal for agricultural planting, breeding and agricultural product processing.[Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Provincial Energy Bureau), Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Provincial Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities]

threeImprove the energy efficiency level of key industries. We will carry out energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation in key industries, fully implement energy-saving technological transformation for existing projects below the benchmark level of energy efficiency in the province, and build projects under construction and proposed in accordance with the national industry energy efficiency benchmark level. arrive2025In, enterprises in key industries such as steel, building materials and chemical industry all reached the benchmark level of energy efficiency, and the proportion of enterprises reaching the benchmark level of energy efficiency exceeded.thirty percent; The average power supply coal consumption of coal-fired power units in the province has dropped to300Kebiao coal/Below kwh.[Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Provincial Energy Bureau) and Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology are responsible for the division of responsibilities]

(II) Industry and information technology

oneOptimize the industrial structure and layout. Strict project access, containment“Two highs and one low."The project develops blindly. Implement industrial planning and industrial policies, strictly implement measures for capacity replacement in key industries, and eliminate backward production capacity according to laws and regulations. Optimize the layout of industrial chain, carry out investigation and rectification of traditional industrial clusters, and promote key gas-related enterprises to enter the park. arrive2025In 2000, brick and tile enterprises with low environmental performance were shut down in accordance with relevant policies and environmental protection standards.(The Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the green and low-carbon development of the industry. We will improve the energy-saving standard system and carry out mandatory cleaner production audits in key industries. Vigorously promote green manufacturing and promote the construction of green factories and green parks. arrive2025In, the energy consumption of added value of industrial units above designated size decreased.14%The emission intensity of major pollutants in key industries has decreased.10%; build50Home at or above the provincial level green park,500A green factory, enterprises in key industries in various cities and states have fully completed a round of cleaner production audit, and the voluntary cleaner production audit in the whole province has passed the enterprise.1500Above home.(The Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeIncrease and decreaseVOCsSubstitution of raw and auxiliary materials. Establish a multi-sectoral joint law enforcement mechanism, strengthen supervision and inspection, and ensure that production, sales and use meet the requirements.VOCsProducts with standard content limit. Focusing on industrial painting, packaging printing and adhesive use, it is clearly put forward in the cleaner production audit of enterprises that lowVOCsSubstitution requirements for raw and auxiliary materials.(The Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, the Provincial Department of Ecological Environment and the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(3) The field of transportation

onePromote the green transformation of cargo transportation. Promote the transportation of bulk goods“Revolving iron and water", advance“multimodal transport”“Scattered change set”“External set internal match"And other modes of transportation, and gradually increase the proportion of clean transportation of bulk goods. Optimize and upgrade the road network structure, and accelerate the construction of the new line expansion project of Changzhu section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway. arrive2025In, the freight volume of railways and waterways in the whole province was higher than that of other provinces.2020Annual growth10%and12%The container combined transport of molten iron has increased annually.15%Above; The proportion of clean transportation of bulk goods by enterprises in key industries such as thermal power, steel, coal, coking and nonferrous metals has reached.70%Above.(The Provincial Department of Transportation, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the clean and low-carbon development of vehicles and boats. Focus on public vehicles and medium and heavy trucks, promote the cleanliness of traditional vehicles, and accelerate the construction of new energy transportation infrastructure. Intensify the elimination of ships with high energy consumption and high emissions, and accelerate the transformation of ship power receiving devices. arrive2025In, the sales volume of new energy vehicles reached the total sales volume of new vehicles.20%Around, the proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated buses, taxis, logistics and light sanitation vehicles in key cities and national ecological civilization experimental zones is not less than80%; accomplish1000Renovation of power receiving facilities for inland dry bulk ships and multi-purpose ships with deadweight tons or above.(Provincial Department of Transportation, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Provincial Department of Finance and Provincial Department of Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeStrengthen the prevention and control of pollution from ships and ports. Strengthen the supervision of ship fuel use, and install flue gas treatment facilities for ships with conditions. Accelerate the construction of shore power facilities, and ships with power receiving facilities (except tankers) will berth in berths with shore power supply capacity for more than.2Hours and no effective alternative measures are used, shore power should be used. Promote the use of electric machinery in ports and docks, and gradually ban the use of non-road mobile machinery with national emission standards of Grade III and below. arrive2025In, the shore power consumption of ships berthing at port increased annually.10%Above.(Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(D) Industrial governance

onePromote ultra-low emission and deep treatment of boiler and kiln. We will comprehensively carry out ultra-low emission transformation in the steel and cement industries, carry out in-depth treatment of boilers and kilns and investigation of simple and inefficient treatment facilities, and carry out special rectification of key industries with high emissions. Biomass boilers use special stoves and molding fuels and provide efficient treatment facilities to promote the installation of on-line flue gas monitoring facilities for biomass boilers in urban built-up areas. arrive2025In, the ultra-low emission transformation of steel and cement enterprises in key cities was fully completed.(Led by the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment)

2Carry out involvementVOCsWhole-process rectification of key industries. Continue to carry outVOCsInvestigate and clean up outstanding problems in governanceSimple and inefficient, non-compliant treatment facilities, strengthen the control of unorganized and abnormal working conditions of waste gas emissions. Standardize the development of ldar. Promote the construction of new cities and States respectively.one—threeIndividual involvementVOCs“Green Island"Project.(Led by the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment)

threeStrengthen the response to heavy pollution weather from industrial sources. Improve the emergency emission reduction list to ensure full coverage of gas-related enterprises. Incorporate emergency emission reduction measures into the management of pollutant discharge permits. Severely crack down on online monitoring, operation and maintenance, falsification of manual monitoring reports, abnormal operation of treatment facilities and failure to implement emergency measures for heavy pollution reduction. Actively improve the environmental performance level of enterprises in key industries of emergency emission reduction. arrive2025In, the proportion of enterprises with non-minimum performance level in the province strives to reach.10%, steel, cement enterprises all reached.B(includingB?) level and above.(Led by the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment)

(5) Pollution control of diesel trucks

oneStrengthen the supervision of motor vehicles meeting the standards. Intensify road inspection, road inspection and household inspection. Strict motor vehicle environmental inspection management, severely investigate and deal with illegal acts. Optimize traffic control measures, formulate, improve and strictly implement the policy of prohibiting and restricting high-emission vehicles, scientifically plan the passage around the city, and reduce the number of diesel trucks with national emission standards of Grade III and below entering the urban area; Air quality comprehensive index orPM_2.fiveCities and States whose concentration is higher than the average level of the whole province should study and take dynamic restrictions on fuel vehicles in urban areas in a specific period of time in time. Severely crack down on motor vehicle trespassing in restricted areas.(Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the elimination of old motor vehicles. Vigorously promote the elimination and renewal of old vehicles, and encourage key cities with conditions to speed up the introduction and improvement of policies such as subsidies for early elimination and scrapping of diesel trucks. Strict implementation of motor vehicle compulsory scrapping standards, the vehicle license plate that meets the compulsory scrapping standards shall be declared invalid according to the law, and those that meet the compulsory scrapping conditions shall be handed over to the scrapped motor vehicle recycling enterprises for recycling and dismantling. arrive2025In, according to the national regulations, the diesel trucks with emission standards of Grade III and below were eliminated.(Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment and Provincial Department of Finance are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeStrengthen the supervision of off-road mobile machinery. Strictly formulate and implement measures to ban high-emission non-road mobile machinery, and strengthen the supervision of use in low-emission areas. Continue to carry out non-road mobile machinery coding registration and sampling work. Promote the electrification of working vehicles and machinery in factories and mines. arrive2025In, non-road mobile machinery with national emission standards and below was basically eliminated.(Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

fourPromote the supervision of key vehicle units. Promote key vehicle units to use electric vehicles or belt corridors instead of diesel trucks in short-circuit and fixed lines, improve vehicle use accounts, strengthen the construction of intelligent access control systems, and increase the proportion of diesel trucks or clean energy trucks with national six emission standards.(The Provincial Department of Transportation, the Provincial Public Security Department and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(6) the field of refined oil circulation

oneStrengthen the management of oil and gas recovery in gas stations. Carry out special inspection of oil and gas recovery in storage, transportation and marketing, and the gas station completed three oil and gas recovery treatments as required. arrive2025In, the annual sales of gasoline is greater than5000Tons (inclusive) of gas stations have completed the installation and networking of online monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery.(The Provincial Department of Commerce and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Strengthen the comprehensive management of the refined oil circulation market. Regularly develop the field of refined oil circulation.“Fight against illegal activities."Special action, comprehensively clean up and rectify self-built oil tanks, mobile refueling vehicles (ships) and black gas stations without licenses or expired licenses. Improve the joint supervision mechanism of oil products, and achieve the quality sampling inspection of oil products in refined oil business stations (points) every year1600More than batches.(Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Department of Transportation are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threePromote the management of crude oil and refined oil terminals and tankers. Carry out the investigation of the current situation of oil and gas recovery and management of crude oil and refined oil terminal berths and tankers and the construction of facilities. arrive2025Year,5000The berths of crude oil and refined oil terminals with tonnage and above have all completed the construction of oil and gas recovery facilities.(Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(seven) the field of urban and rural housing construction

oneStrengthen pollution control in construction. Incorporate the prevention and control of dust pollution into the target management of safety production and the credit evaluation of construction units. Carry out special inspections on dust control at construction sites and the use of construction machinery to speed up popularization and application.“internet+Smart Construction Site"Supervision system. Continue to promote the development of prefabricated buildings, encourage prefabricated decoration, and guide the low use of housing buildings.VOCsContent paint and other green building materials products.(led by the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, with the participation of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment and the Provincial Department of Water Resources)

2Strengthen the dust control of roads and bare soil. Promotion road“Suction, sweeping and closing"Combine operation modes, establish an evaluation mechanism of road dust load, and improve the quality of cleaning. Take measures such as greening, hardening and covering for urban public areas and long-term undeveloped bare land to timely control dust. Continue to carry out open-pit mine restoration and management, and further promote the construction of green mines.(The Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Provincial Department of Natural Resources are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threePromote the remediation of pollution from domestic sources. Establish and improve the closed-loop management system of catering fume control coordinated by departments; Supervise catering units to standardize the installation, operation and maintenance of fume purification facilities according to law; Intensify the law enforcement inspection of illegal emission and excessive emission of lampblack in catering units. Deepen the special rectification of cooking fume pollution in open-air barbecue and night market catering. Strictly implement the policy of prohibiting and restricting the release of fireworks and firecrackers. In addition to undertaking major national and provincial activities, it is really necessary to conduct comprehensive air quality index in the central city and last year.PM_2.fiveFireworks and firecrackers are prohibited in the central city of counties (cities) whose concentration is higher than the national average, and are encouraged to be banned in other areas. If it is really necessary to set off fireworks and firecrackers to undertake major national and provincial activities, it should be reported to the public security department for approval according to the law after the air quality impact assessment is carried out under the guidance of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment; Last year’s comprehensive air quality index orPM_2.fiveIf the concentration is higher than the national average, the Municipal Bureau of Ecological Environment will report the evaluation opinions to the Provincial Department of Ecological Environment for the record. Severely investigate and deal with illegal sales of fireworks and firecrackers.(Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Public Security Department and Provincial Emergency Management Department are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(VIII) Agriculture and rural areas

oneStrengthen the comprehensive utilization of straw and ban burning. Promote straw according to local conditions“Wuhua"Comprehensive utilization, the establishment of straw resources ledger system and regular scheduling mechanism, improve the straw storage and transportation system. Improve the grid supervision system, improve the monitoring accuracy of straw burning fire point, and carry out special inspections in key areas and key time periods. Scientifically demarcate no-burning areas in all localities, and prohibit straw burning in the open air. arrive2025In, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in the whole province was stable at86%Above and meet the national requirements.(The Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Provincial Department of Ecological Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the green development of agricultural production. Accelerate the popularization and application of energy-saving and environmental-friendly agricultural machinery, and intensify the scrapping and elimination of old agricultural machinery and tools with high energy consumption and heavy pollution. We will promote the resource utilization of livestock manure, reduce and increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and implement the action of zero growth of chemical fertilizers.(led by the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)

(nine) the field of provincial state-owned enterprises

onePromote the green development of enterprises. Supervise and guide enterprises to establish a green supply chain system and build a number of green supply chain management demonstration enterprises. Promote the transportation of bulk goods by enterprises in a clean way. arrive2025In, provincial state-owned enterprises strive to achieve the proportion of clean transportation of bulk goods.80%.(Led by the Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, with the participation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology)

2Promote in-depth corporate governance. Focus on steel, building materials, industrial painting and other industries.NOxandVOCsDeep emission reduction. arrive2025In, chemical, pharmaceutical, building materials and other enterprises completed deep treatment, while industrial painting enterprises completed low.VOCsSubstitution of raw and auxiliary materials.(Led by the Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, with the participation of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology and the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau)

threeImprove the environmental performance level of enterprises. Carry out clean and low-carbon transformation in an all-round way to promote the improvement of corporate environmental performance. arrive2025In, a round of cleaner production audit was completed in an all-round way, and the enterprises with the lowest performance level in key industries were completely cleared, striving toB(includingB?) level and above enterprises to achievefiveHome.(Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(10) Meteorological field

oneImprove basic capabilities and promote precision monitoring. Improve the air pollution monitoring network, strengthen the vertical networking observation of atmospheric heat and power, and build“Kongtiandi"Integrated grid monitoring system. Promote the construction of meteorological big data fusion analysis platform.(The Provincial Meteorological Bureau and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Improve the level of refined forecasting. Improve the environmental meteorological forecast service system, strengthen emergency meteorological service support such as heavy pollution weather response, and improve the accuracy of pollution process forecast. arrive2025Year, futuresevenThe accuracy of day-level forecast has reached75%Above.(The Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment and the Provincial Meteorological Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeScientifically carry out artificial precipitation enhancement operations. Establish an operational layout that combines aircraft operations with local ground operations, and effectively carry out collaborative operations of artificial precipitation enhancement and pollution reduction. Strengthen the construction of weather modification operation bases, grass-roots standardized operation sites and operation teams in cities and counties.(Led by Provincial Meteorological Bureau)

Third, tackling key projects

We will implement key projects such as three major structural adjustments, four major special treatments, and one capacity improvement, and promote the implementation of tasks and measures for tackling key problems.

(A) the three major structural adjustment projects

oneEnergy structure: covering total coal control and electricity.The increase in the proportion of coal consumption, the development of clean energy,“Coal to gas"、“Coal to electricity"Energy-saving transformation of key industries and fields.

2Industrial structure: covering the elimination of backward production capacity, the optimization and integration of traditional industrial clusters, the establishment of green parks and factories, etc.

threeTransportation structure: covering freight.“Revolving iron and water", the construction of special railway lines, the construction of new energy transportation infrastructure, the transformation of ship power receiving devices, and the construction of shore power facilities in ports and docks.

(2) Four special treatment projects

oneElimination of heavy pollution weather: covering ultra-low emission transformation in steel and cement industries, deep treatment of boilers and kilns, and clean energy substitution.

2Ozone pollution prevention: low coverageVOCsSubstitution of raw and auxiliary materials, unorganized emission improvement and terminal improvement,“Green Island"Project construction, oil and gas recovery and management of gas stations, crude oil product wharf and tanker management, etc.

threePollution control of diesel trucks: covering the elimination of old motor vehicles, the elimination of old off-road mobile machinery, and the construction of intelligent access control systems for key vehicle units.

fourNon-point source system improvement: covering the development of prefabricated buildings, the construction of green mines, the control of catering oil fume, the control of urban bare soil dust, the comprehensive utilization of straw, the reduction and increase of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, etc.

(3) Capacity improvement project

It covers air quality and component monitoring, air quality early warning and forecasting, pollution source monitoring and control, and law enforcement and supervision ability improvement.

Fourth, attack the security

(a) to strengthen organizational leadership, strengthen the implementation of responsibilities.Relying on the provincial ecological and environmental protection Committee to establish a coordination mechanism for tackling key problems and set up a special work class. Relevant departments directly under the provincial level shall formulate implementation plans in their respective fields, and governments at all levels shall strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. Incorporate the target completion and task implementation into the assessment of pollution prevention and control.

(2) Promote the improvement of laws and regulations and increase capital investment.Study and initiate the revision of the regulations on the prevention and control of air pollution, promote the formulation of local special regulations such as fixed sources and mobile sources, and promote collaborative legislation in key cities. Governments at all levels should take the prevention and control of air pollution as a key area of fiscal expenditure, and all relevant departments at the provincial level should make overall plans to ensure special funds.

(three) to carry out assistance and guidance, strengthen the supervision and dispatch.In view of the technical difficulties and policy implementation problems reflected by various localities and enterprises, we will strengthen the assistance and guidance of expert technical teams. The Office of the Provincial Eco-environmental Protection Committee established a working mechanism of regular scheduling, notification and assessment, and included the crucial actions in the important content of provincial eco-environmental protection inspectors, and carried out special supervision and cross-inspection in a normal way.

(4) Strengthen joint prevention and control and improve scientific and technological support.We will improve the system of joint meetings of joint prevention and control work, coordinate and promote key tasks, and establish and improve a long-term mechanism for joint prevention and control. Strengthen cooperation and information exchange with neighboring provinces and promote the establishment of inter-provincial early warning linkage system. We will build a scientific and technological support system for the whole process, such as monitoring and forecasting, source analysis, efficient governance, and intelligent supervision, and organize the prevention and control of scientific and technological research and the application of technological achievements.

(5) Strengthen policy propaganda and create a good atmosphere.Widely publicize and interpret air pollution prevention and control policies and measures, progress and effectiveness, do a good job in public welfare propaganda of banning burning and burning, and pay attention to guiding public opinion. Organize various forms of publicity and cultural activities, advocate green, civilized and environmentally friendly production and lifestyle, encourage the masses to participate in supervision, and report air pollution violations through multiple channels.

 

Attachment: Action Target of Air Pollution Prevention and Control

General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Promoting Guangdong Province

Information platform of administrative law enforcement and supervision of administrative law enforcement

Guiding opinions on the construction of network platform

Guangdong Office Letter [2019] No.170

People’s governments at the local and municipal levels, departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

　　In order to fully implement the new ideas, new ideas and new strategies of the Supreme Leader General Secretary in comprehensively administering the country according to law, thoroughly implement the Implementation Outline of the Construction of a Government under the Rule of Law (2015-2020) of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, conscientiously implement the relevant requirements of the Implementation Outline of the Construction of a Government under the Rule of Law in Guangdong Province (2016-2020) and the Master Plan for the Construction of a Digital Government in Guangdong (2018-2020), and make efforts to

　　I. General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th Central Committee, conscientiously study and implement the spirit of the important speech and instructions given by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader to Guangdong, focus on standardizing administrative punishment, administrative coercion and administrative inspection, and focus on the three major goals of "standardizing administrative law enforcement behavior, improving administrative law enforcement efficiency and strengthening administrative law enforcement supervision". Relying on the "digital government" cloud platform and the provincial government service network, we will speed up the construction of a unified administrative law enforcement information platform and administrative law enforcement supervision network platform (hereinafter referred to as the "two platforms") in the province, realize the online circulation of law enforcement procedures, automatic collection of law enforcement information, online supervision of law enforcement activities and online inquiry of law enforcement at the provincial, city, county (city, district) and township (street) levels, and promote strict, standardized, fair and civilized law enforcement and guarantee.

　　(2) Work objectives

　　By June 2019, the information publicity platform for administrative law enforcement will be initially established, the law enforcement case handling system will be improved, and pilot projects will be carried out in several regions and departments; In December, the "two platforms" were popularized and applied by governments at all levels and provincial departments in the Pearl River Delta region.

　　By December 2020, the "two platforms" will be promoted and applied by listing at all levels to form the application of big data analysis in administrative law enforcement.

　　By 2021, the "two platforms" will be fully applied to administrative law enforcement subjects at the provincial, municipal, county (city, district) and township (street) levels, and efforts will be made to achieve full coverage of mobile case handling.

　　Second, the basic principles

　　(1) Its functions and powers are legal and implemented according to law.In accordance with the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Administrative Compulsory Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Regulations of Guangdong Province on Administrative Law Enforcement Responsibility System, the Regulations of Guangdong Province on Administrative Law Enforcement Supervision and the Provisions of Guangdong Province on Standardizing the Discretion of Administrative Punishment, we will sort out administrative law enforcement matters, standardize administrative law enforcement procedures and strengthen administrative law enforcement supervision.

　　(2) Top-level design and overall planning.Make overall planning and design under the framework of "digital government" reform, strengthen the organic integration and efficient utilization of government information resources, and prevent redundant construction and waste of resources. Adhere to the high-level centralized deployment, promote the intensive construction of information systems and the upward concentration of data, and build a unified administrative law enforcement system framework in the province.

　　(three) unified standards, strengthen the application.To promote the convenience and convenience of administrative law enforcement, and strengthen the standardization of administrative law enforcement. Increase the expansion and application of information technology in the field of administrative law enforcement and promote the effective integration, sharing and exchange of information resources.

　　(four) open and transparent, convenient and beneficial to the people.Meet the public’s demand for information disclosure and supervision of administrative law enforcement in a timely manner in the form of a unified platform, fully implement the publicity system of administrative law enforcement, further smooth the channels of communication with the people, facilitate public consultation, inquiry and complaint supervision, and improve the level of openness of law enforcement.

　　III. Main tasks

　　(A) overall promotion of the "two platforms" construction

　　1 to create an information platform for administrative law enforcement. First, based on the unified collaborative office platform in the province, improve the comprehensive online case handling system. According to the requirements of online whole-process case handling and mobile case handling construction, we will expand and improve the functions of administrative law enforcement, such as case acceptance, investigation and evidence collection, audit decision, service execution, file management, statistical analysis, reporting and filing, etc., so as to realize online case handling in the whole process of administrative law enforcement, form a network of examination and approval and electronic file, and realize the whole process of trace-keeping and traceability management. Equipped with photo, audio, video and other modules to ensure that the law enforcement evidence will be solidified in the first time, and provide photos, audio, video and other on-site evidence materials. The second is to build an information publicity platform based on the existing platforms such as the provincial government service network, its WeChat WeChat official account, mobile client and the "Guangdong Province Easy" applet. Expand the functions of publicity and inquiry of administrative law enforcement information, adopt intelligent and flat methods to instantly push law enforcement information for enterprises, the public and other clients, improve the exchanges and interactions between administrative law enforcement subjects, enterprises and the public, improve the government service system, and create a social governance pattern of co-construction, co-governance and sharing.

　　2.Create a network platform for administrative law enforcement supervision. Based on the administrative law enforcement power items recorded in the provincial government service items directory management system, relying on the unified data sharing platform of the provincial government, the law enforcement data collected by the comprehensive online case handling system and the data of some existing law enforcement departments are collected, and the implementation subject, law enforcement process, discretion benchmark, law enforcement supervision and other normative requirements of various administrative law enforcement are compared to realize the whole process monitoring of administrative law enforcement process. Strengthen target management and responsibility assessment with information flow, innovate management service mode and improve administrative efficiency. Gradually docking all kinds of administrative law enforcement complaint reporting platforms, forming a large supervision pattern of internal supervision and external supervision.

　　(B) the development of "two platforms" standards and specifications

　　According to the national standards such as "Guiding Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Construction of National Integrated Online Government Service Platform" and the national comprehensive management system for administrative law enforcement supervision, the standards and norms for the construction of "two platforms" will be formulated, so as to standardize law enforcement matters, law enforcement basis, law enforcement process, law enforcement documents, discretionary benchmarks, law enforcement supervision and law enforcement information publicity, and promote the informationization and standardization of administrative law enforcement. Strengthen the basic research on standardization of administrative law enforcement, pay attention to the matching and convergence of local standards with national standards and industry standards, improve the standard system of administrative law enforcement, promote the implementation process of standards, and provide basic conditions for promoting the informationization of administrative law enforcement. Establish and improve the coordination and promotion mechanism of standardization work, and organize the formulation, revision and popularization and application of specific standards.

　　(3) Fully implement mobile case handling.

　　Increase the application of scientific and technological means in administrative law enforcement, establish a law enforcement terminal system, fully implement mobile administrative law enforcement, equip law enforcement personnel with mobile law enforcement quick inspection equipment, mobile law enforcement terminals, law enforcement recorders, portable printers and other information-based law enforcement equipment, and handle administrative law enforcement affairs efficiently and quickly through real-time linkage between field and background data, so as to achieve rapid attack, scientific evidence collection and accurate characterization, and effectively improve work efficiency and law enforcement case handling efficiency. We will actively and steadily promote the online application of administrative law enforcement subjects by means of pilot, system docking and gradual promotion, and strive to achieve full coverage of mobile case handling by 2021.

　　(4) Promoting openness and transparency in administrative law enforcement.

　　Through the provincial administrative law enforcement information publicity platform, the administrative licensing, administrative punishment, administrative compulsion, administrative expropriation and requisition, administrative payment, administrative inspection, administrative confirmation, administrative ruling and other law enforcement information of administrative law enforcement subjects at all levels are uniformly collected, and the administrative law enforcement information inquiry service is opened; Unified disclosure of administrative law enforcement subjects, responsibilities, basis, procedures, lists and supervision at all levels; Unified disclosure of administrative law enforcement results, annual administrative law enforcement data and related administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation data and other post-event information. Realize the organic combination of administrative law enforcement publicity and government affairs publicity, power list publication, "double random and one open" supervision, and make power run in the sun.

　　(5) Strengthening the supervision of administrative law enforcement.

　　The first is to implement event management. The provincial administrative law enforcement supervision network platform is connected with the provincial government service network, and administrative law enforcement matters that are not included in the provincial government service catalogue management system shall not be implemented. The second is to implement real-time supervision. Standardize the law enforcement process, processing time limit and other factors through information technology, realize the whole process monitoring of administrative law enforcement, and find and correct existing problems in time. Third, the implementation of post supervision. The whole process of administrative law enforcement is traceable and accountable. Through big data analysis, the work performance of administrative law enforcement subjects and law enforcement personnel is quantitatively evaluated, and the closed cases are randomly selected, consulted online and intelligently evaluated. The fourth is to achieve coordinated supervision. Docking the provincial "convergence of the two laws", electronic supervision of administrative examination and approval, credit China (Guangdong), financial non-tax and other systems, promoting the synergy of supervision and forming a joint force of supervision.

　　(VI) Promoting information and data sharing.

　　Relying on the provincial government service network, we will integrate the business data of existing administrative law enforcement systems of provincial departments and the business data of existing administrative law enforcement platforms of governments at all levels, break the barriers of compartmentalization, establish a sharing and exchange mechanism of administrative law enforcement information resources, and promote the horizontal and vertical sharing of law enforcement data. On the premise of ensuring information security, we will promote the application of supporting technologies such as unified identity authentication, electronic license and face recognition, and support law enforcement entities at all levels to share and apply the basic data of the province’s ID cards, vehicles, real estate and other license libraries.

　　(7) Strengthening the application of big data in law enforcement.

　　Scientifically set quantitative indicators, including the indicators of investigation rate of reported cases and coincidence degree of law enforcement focus, the indicators of scientific allocation of law enforcement forces, the indicators of scientific per capita law enforcement volume and the correlation rate of law enforcement posts, the indicators of scientific and enforceable rules and regulations, the indicators of the occurrence of illegal problems and work performance and the indicators of the standardization of administrative law enforcement. Improve the functions of the provincial administrative law enforcement supervision network platform in monitoring the performance of duties according to law, post-evaluation of policies and measures, monitoring of violations of laws and regulations, problem enterprise analysis, data mining, big data analysis and comparison, and risk assessment. Realize the application of big data such as comparison, analysis and prediction, and provide reference for scientific decision-making in various localities and departments.

　　Fourth, organizational requirements

　　(1) Strengthen organizational leadership.All localities and departments should attach great importance to the construction of "two platforms", earnestly strengthen organizational leadership, ensure funding, and organize their own regions and systems to do online application work according to the specified time nodes. The establishment of the "two platforms" construction and operation coordination mechanism is led by the Provincial Department of Justice, with the joint participation of the Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, the Provincial Department of Finance, the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau and the Provincial Government Service Data Administration. The Provincial Department of Justice should strengthen organization and coordination, and promote the application and promotion of the project as a whole; Provincial Government Service Data Management Bureau should strengthen the overall planning, coordinated promotion and project monitoring of the construction of "two platforms", and assist all localities and departments to carry out platform deployment and application to ensure the smooth progress of project construction. It is necessary to strengthen tracking and efficiency, incorporate the online implementation of the "two platforms" into the evaluation content of Guangdong’s construction of the rule of law, and notify the units that fail to implement the tasks in time and in place.

　　(2) Strengthen overall planning.The project construction adopts the centralized and unified construction of the whole province, maintaining the stock and increasing the development. At the initial stage of the project construction, we should respect the development status of the administrative law enforcement system construction of provincial departments, reserve interfaces, share and dock information and data of existing systems according to unified standards, and then promote the integration of related systems when conditions are ripe, so as to realize the unified system application of the whole province. Where the administrative law enforcement system has not been developed or needs to be updated, localities and departments should directly apply the "two platforms" and no other relevant case handling systems will be developed.

　　(3) Improve institutional support.Study and formulate the operation rules and management methods of the "two platforms" which are connected with the "digital government" reform, improve the norms of administrative inspection and electronic file management of administrative law enforcement, study the legal application issues such as electronic fingerprints, electronic seals and electronic delivery applicable to "paperless" law enforcement, and the rules for the migration and processing of existing administrative law enforcement information, so as to provide support for the comprehensive popularization and application of the "two platforms".

General office of provincial government

May 31, 2019

　　CCTV News:According to the website of Shaanxi Health and Health Commission, from 0: 00 on December 22 to 8: 00 on December 23, 86 local confirmed cases were newly reported in Shaanxi (84 cases in Xi ‘an, 1 case in Xianyang and 1 case in Yan ‘an). Since December 9th, the province has reported a total of 235 local confirmed cases (227 in Xi ‘an, 4 in Yan ‘an and 4 in Xianyang).

　　From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on December 22, there were no new reports of imported confirmed cases, suspected cases and asymptomatic infected persons.

　　Locally confirmed case 1,Female, 26 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 1 released on December 18th. On December 16th, he was put under centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 19th, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed case 2,Male, 72 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, he took the initiative to take samples at the nucleic acid sampling point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal test results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 3,Female, 41 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 1 released in China on December 18th. On December 16th, he was put under centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 20, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 4,Female, 34 years old, now lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 2 released on December 19th. On December 17, it was isolated, and on December 20, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 5,Male, 62 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 6,Female, 42 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an. Is a close contact of the local confirmed case 1 released on December 18th. On December 16, it was centralized and isolated. On December 20, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 7,Male, 67 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 8,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Baqiao District, Xi ‘an. On December 19th, I took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point. On December 20, the abnormal test results were centralized and isolated. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 9,Male, 35 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, he went to the hospital for fever, and the nucleic acid test result was positive, and he was immediately isolated. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 10,Male, 54 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, the nucleic acid was tested at the sampling point, and it was isolated because of abnormal test results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 11,Male, 25 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he went to the hospital for fever clinic and was isolated. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 12,Female, 60 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 4 released in China on December 22nd. On December 20, he was placed in centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case in COVID-19 by a municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 13,Male, 12 years old, lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of 16 local confirmed cases released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 14,Female, 2 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 23 released on December 22nd. During the isolation period, the nucleic acid test results were positive on December 21st. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 15,Female, 1-year-old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 4 released on December 22nd. On December 20, he was placed in centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 16,Male, 24 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 19th, I went to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and on December 21st, I was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 17,Female, 8 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 22 released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 18,Male, 43 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. Because the unit has confirmed cases, it is centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 19,Female, 26 years old, lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 22 released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 20,Male, 22 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. Because the unit has confirmed cases, it is centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 21,Female, 46 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 22,Male, 25 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 1 released on December 17th. During the control period, the result of nucleic acid test was positive on December 22nd, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 23,Female, 58 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 1 released in China at 10: 11 on December 15th. On December 15, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 24,Male, 40 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. Nucleic acid was detected at the sampling point on December 20, and was isolated on December 21 due to abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 25,Female, 39 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 1 released in China at 10: 11 on December 15th. On December 16, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 26,Male, 64 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21st, I went to the sampling point for nucleic acid detection. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid detection was positive, which was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 27,Male, 34 years old, now lives in Qujiang New District, Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid testing point for nucleic acid testing, and I was isolated at home because of abnormal mixed test results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 28,Female, 37 years old, now lives in Qujiang New District, Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid testing point for nucleic acid testing, and on December 21, I was isolated at home because of abnormal test results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 29,Male, 56 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 21, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 30,Male, 61 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 21, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 31,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an. On December 18, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 32,Male, 40 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 19, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 33,Male, 58 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 34,Female, 22 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, he took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and was concentrated and isolated on December 21 due to abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 35,Female, 39 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 21 released on December 21st. On December 20, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 36,Female, 65 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 21 released on December 21st. On December 20, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 37,Male, 57 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 38,Female, 49 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I went to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated after the mixed test was abnormal. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 39,Male, 28 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, he took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and was isolated after the detection result was abnormal on December 21. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 40,Female, 31 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 41,Female, 28 years old, now lives in Economic Development Zone, weiyang district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 2 released at 14: 59 on December 16th. On December 17, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 42,Male, 26 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 28 released on December 21st. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid testing point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by a municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 43,Female, 30 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and on December 21, I was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 44,Male, 30 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 45,Male, 20 years old, now lives in Xincheng District of Xi ‘an. On December 21, the detection results of nucleic acid screening in key populations were abnormal and were isolated in a centralized way. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 46,Male, 31 years old, now living in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, is a close contact of the local confirmed case 10 released on December 21st. On December 21, it was isolated, and the nucleic acid result was positive that night. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 47,Male, 33 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 10 released on December 21st. On December 21, it was isolated, and the nucleic acid result was positive that night. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 48,Male, 39 years old, now lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he went to the hospital for fever clinic and was isolated on the spot. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 49,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he went to the fever clinic because of fever, and was isolated on the spot. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　50 locally confirmed cases,Male, 24 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 19, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 51,Male, 29 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the sampling point, and the result was abnormal. On December 21, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 52,Female, 50 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to take samples at the nucleic acid detection point, and the nucleic acid detection result was abnormal, and then I was isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 53,Female, 30 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. During the control period, the result of nucleic acid test was positive on December 22nd, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 54,Female, 33 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, the results of participating in the nucleic acid test were abnormal, and then they were isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 55,Female, 33 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 28 released on December 21st. On December 20, he was placed in centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 56,Male, 41 years old, now lives in Economic Development Zone, weiyang district, Xi ‘an. On December 19, I took the initiative to take samples at the nucleic acid detection point, and the nucleic acid detection result was abnormal, and then I was isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 57,Female, 42 years old, lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 3 released on December 20th. On December 21, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. It was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 58,Female, 51 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and the result was abnormal, and then he was isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 59,Male, 22 years old, now living in weiyang district, Xi ‘an, is a close contact of confirmed case 4 released in China on December 19th. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 60,Female, 42 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, I took the initiative to go to the hospital fever clinic to detect nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. The result of nucleic acid test on that day was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 61,Female, 60 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 32 released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 62,Male, 42 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, I went to the fever clinic of the hospital to detect nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. The result of nucleic acid test was positive that day, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 63,Female, 40 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22nd, I went to the fever clinic of the hospital to test the nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. On that day, the nucleic acid test result was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 64,Male, 32 years old, now lives in weiyang district, Xi ‘an. During the control period, the nucleic acid detection was abnormal on December 21st. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 65,Female, 58 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. As a key population, it was concentrated and isolated on December 20. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 66,Female, 25 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 21, he took the initiative to participate in nucleic acid testing, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 67,Male, 30 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. I took part in the nucleic acid test on December 21st, and the abnormal results were isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 68,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, I went to the fever clinic of the hospital to test nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. The result of nucleic acid test was positive that day. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 69,Male, 56 years old, now lives in Baota District, Yan ‘an City. On December 22, in the nucleic acid screening of key population, the results of nucleic acid detection were abnormal. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by a municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 70,Male, 15 years old, now lives in Weicheng District, Xianyang City. As a key population, during the control period. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 71,Female, 38 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of 8 confirmed local cases. On December 21, sampling was carried out at the nucleic acid sampling point. On December 22, he was isolated as a close contact, and the nucleic acid test result was positive that day. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 72,Male, 58 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. Samples were taken from the nucleic acid sampling point on December 19th, and the nucleic acid results were positive on December 20th, and then centralized isolation was conducted. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 73,Female, 34 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. The results of nucleic acid screening in key population were abnormal on December 21st. On December 22, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 74,Male, 46 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of 10 confirmed local cases. On December 22, it was isolated and the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 75,Female, 73 years old, now lives in Qujiang New District, Yanta District, Xi ‘an. The community has been closed for management. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 76,Male, 39 years old, now living in beilin district, Xi ‘an, is a close contact of the local confirmed case 25 released on December 22nd. On December 22, it was isolated and the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 77,Male, 42 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an. As a key population, it is concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 78,Female, 40 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, he took the initiative to go to the hospital to do nucleic acid, and then he was kept under observation. The nucleic acid test result was positive that day. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 79,Male, 33 years old, now lives in weiyang district, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the hospital for nucleic acid testing, and the results were abnormal. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　80 locally confirmed cases,Male, 35 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. As a key population, it was concentrated and isolated on December 21. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 81,Female, 37 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. During the period of home control as a key population on December 22, the results of nucleic acid detection were abnormal. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 82,Female, 1 year old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 83,Male, 8 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 84,Female, 25 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 85,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 86,Female, 30 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and I was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　The activity tracks of the above-mentioned local confirmed cases were released by Xi ‘an, Xianyang and Yan ‘an.

　　By 8: 00 on December 23rd, a total of 498 confirmed cases (236 in hospital, 259 discharged and 3 dead) had been reported.

　　As of 24: 00 on December 22, a total of 463 confirmed cases imported from abroad were reported, 447 cases were discharged and 16 cases were in hospital. A total of 446 asymptomatic infected persons imported from abroad were reported, 52 cases were confirmed, 373 cases were released from medical observation, and 21 cases were asymptomatic infected persons still under medical observation.