CCTV News:At present, 400,000 mu of vegetables in Gushi County, Henan Province have also reached the harvest season. Relying on the development of vegetable industry, the local area has driven farmers to increase their income and increase market supply.

In a vegetable planting base in Gushi County, Henan Province, 40 greenhouses cover a total area of more than 60 mu and supply vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and beans all the year round. According to technicians, this kind of fruit cucumber is very popular at present, with high yield and good economic benefits.

In recent years, the local government has built a high-quality and efficient vegetable industry according to local conditions, and constantly promoted the large-scale, intensive and standardized development of the vegetable industry. At present, the vegetable planting area in the county is 400,000 mu, and the vegetable industry has become a characteristic industry for local farmers to increase their income.

In order to implement the relevant requirements of the CPC Central Committee on preventing and resolving major risks, according to the "the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) 2019 Annual Supervision Work Plan", this year, a special investigation on the budget management and reform of the basic old-age insurance fund was organized, and the Budget Working Committee of the Standing Committee was responsible for the specific implementation. Since March this year, the special research group composed of the Budget Working Committee has specially listened to the briefings of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, Audit Office and other relevant departments in the State Council, and has successively conducted field research in Hubei, Liaoning, Jilin and other places, and held special symposiums to listen to the opinions and suggestions of some experts and scholars and some relevant working institutions of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress to analyze and compare the endowment insurance system and reform in typical countries. The relevant situation is now reported as follows.

I. Basic information

The basic old-age insurance covers a wide range of people and has a large scale of fund income and expenditure. It is the most important type of social insurance and the most important part of the social security system. In recent years, governments at all levels and their relevant departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, persisted in promoting the construction of a multi-level social security system with full coverage, basic security and sustainability, constantly improved the fund budget preparation, strengthened the fund budget management, and promoted the deepening of the reform of the basic old-age insurance system, which provided strong support for weaving a social security network covering all people and grasping the basic livelihood bottom line.

(A) the basic old-age insurance system

China’s basic old-age insurance consists of urban workers’ basic old-age insurance (enterprise workers’ basic old-age insurance, government institutions’ basic old-age insurance) and urban and rural residents’ basic old-age insurance (see table 1). According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, by the end of 2018, there were 943 million people participating in the basic old-age insurance nationwide. Among them, 419 million urban workers and 524 million urban and rural residents participated in the insurance.

Table 1  Basic situation of basic old-age insurance system

(two) the operation of the basic old-age insurance fund

In 2018, the total income of the national basic endowment insurance fund was 5,483.6 billion yuan, of which the insurance premium income was 3,969.5 billion yuan, accounting for 72.4%; The fiscal subsidy income was 1,215.3 billion yuan, accounting for 22.2%. The total expenditure of the fund was 4,718.7 billion yuan, of which the basic pension expenditure was 4,571.3 billion yuan, accounting for 96.9%. The balance of the fund’s income and expenditure in that year was 764.9 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance of the fund was 5,784.7 billion yuan (see Table 2 for details).

Table 2  Operation of Three Types of Basic Endowment Insurance Funds in 2018

(3) Central financial subsidies

The central government has given subsidies to the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents and the basic old-age insurance for government agencies and institutions. In 2018, the total subsidy from the central government was 662.8 billion yuan.

Subsidies for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees.Since 1999, the central government has given subsidies to enterprises with difficulties in some areas in terms of the fund gap of basic old-age insurance, the implementation of personal accounts and the improvement of pension benefits. Among them, 40% of the funds needed to improve the pension payment standard are subsidized to the central and western regions and old industrial bases, and 100% is subsidized to Xinjiang Corps; For the existing pension expenditure, according to the financial resources, fund gap, support rate and work effect of each region, the subsidy funds are allocated by factor method. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 483.1 billion yuan for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees.

Subsidies for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.The central government gives full subsidies to the central and western regions according to the basic pension standards set by the central government, and 50% subsidies to the eastern regions. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 141.6 billion yuan for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.

Subsidies for the reform of endowment insurance in institutions and institutions.The central government subsidizes 40% of the funds needed to adjust the pension payment standard in the central and western regions and old industrial bases except Beijing and other seven provinces and cities. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 38.1 billion yuan for the reform of endowment insurance for institutions and institutions.

(four) the basic old-age insurance fund budget management

The budget of social insurance fund is one of the "four accounts" of the government stipulated in the Budget Law. In 2010, the State Council decided to establish a standardized and unified social insurance fund budget system nationwide, and began to compile it on a trial basis that year. In 2014, it was officially included in the draft government budget submitted to the National People’s Congress for examination and approval.

The basic old-age insurance fund budget mainly follows the principles of "establishing according to law, standardizing and unifying, making overall plans, defining responsibilities, earmarking special funds, being relatively independent and organically connected, making ends meet, and leaving a balance". The compilation process adheres to the bottom-up and joint review, which is compiled by the social insurance agencies in the areas where the basic old-age insurance fund is co-ordinated. After being summarized by the human resources and social security departments and audited by the financial department, it is jointly reported to the people’s government at the same level and reported to the people’s congress at the same level for examination and approval. The national basic old-age insurance fund budget is compiled by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, reviewed and summarized by the Ministry of Finance, and submitted to the State Council for examination and approval by the National People’s Congress. Among them, the budget revenue preparation comprehensively considers the implementation of the fund budget in the previous year, the forecast of the economic and social development level in this year, the social insurance work plan and other factors, including the number of participants, the number of payers, the base of payment wages, etc. Expenditure budgeting comprehensively considers the changes in the number of people enjoying pension insurance benefits in the overall planning area this year, the economic and social development, the adjustment of pension insurance policies and the changes in pension insurance treatment standards.

In recent years, governments at all levels and their relevant departments have continuously improved the budget management system, studied and established an incentive and restraint mechanism, standardized the preparation process and improved the preparation method by means of informationization and big data, effectively enhanced the planning and binding nature of the budget, paid close attention to the budget implementation management, standardized the collection of premiums and the payment of insurance benefits, strived to achieve all the insurance coverage, and resolutely paid it in full and on time, and achieved positive results. In some places, by hiring third-party evaluation agencies to improve the index system of fund budgeting, establish and improve the actuarial index system of fund budgeting, and improve the scientific and accurate budgeting.

(V) Progress of relevant reforms

1. Promote the provincial-level co-ordination of endowment insurance for enterprise employees.Up to now, 13 provinces in China have realized the provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of enterprise employee pension insurance funds. Other provinces have formulated implementation plans according to the actual situation and are steadily advancing the implementation in accordance with the task requirements of the State Council to fully realize the provincial-level unified collection and support of funds by the end of 2020. In some places, the establishment of a unified revenue and expenditure system including pension insurance policy, fund budget, fund revenue and expenditure management, responsibility sharing mechanism, information system, handling management and performance appraisal mechanism has been promoted, which has laid an institutional foundation for ensuring the reform of unified revenue and expenditure.

2. Implement the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees.The central adjustment system mainly includes: first, the adjustment fund raising system. According to 90% of the average wage of employees in each province and the number of employees who should be insured on the job as the base for calculating the amount of the solution, solution ratio started from 3%, and the funds of the provinces were summarized to form the central adjustment fund. The second is the allocation system of swap funds. The central adjustment fund was fully allocated to local governments in that year, and the amount of funds allocated to the provinces was calculated according to the approved number of retirees in each province and the national per capita allocation. At the same time, the central and western provinces with heavy tasks of poverty alleviation will be exempted from their net contribution responsibility by 2020.

The central adjustment system was implemented on July 1, 2018. In that year, the total size of the central adjustment fund was 242.23 billion yuan, and the actual difference was 61.03 billion yuan. There are 7 provinces, including Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian and Shandong. 22 central and western regions and old industrial base provinces benefited, including Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Jilin and Hubei. Exempt Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet from net contribution responsibility. Since the implementation of the central adjustment system, it has played a positive role in alleviating the payment pressure of some local funds and ensuring the timely and full payment of pensions. In 2019, the proportion of central adjustment will increase to 3.5%. It is estimated that the total size of central adjustment funds in the whole year will be 630.3 billion yuan, and the difference will be 151.2 billion yuan.

3. Reduce the burden of social security contributions.From 2015 to 2018, the State Council has reduced the social security rate five times, involving basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance for enterprise employees. The overall level of the five social security rates for employees in China has been reduced from 41% to 36.95%, of which the unit contribution rate has been reduced from 30% to 26.45%. By April 30 this year, when the phased rate reduction policy expires, the burden on enterprises will be reduced by nearly 500 billion yuan.

This year, the State Council decided that from May 1st, the unit contribution rate of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees can be reduced from 20% to 16%, and the policy of reducing unemployment and work-related injury insurance rates by stages will be extended to the end of April 2020. At the same time, it is approved to lower the base of social security contributions, from the past based on the average salary of employees in non-private units in cities and towns to the average salary of full-caliber employees weighted by non-private units and private units in cities and towns. According to the calculation of the relevant departments in the State Council, after the implementation of the new fee reduction measures, it is estimated that the social security payment burden of enterprises will be reduced by more than 400 billion yuan in 2019.

4. Transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund.Transferring some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund is an important measure to enhance the sustainability of the basic old-age insurance system. By the end of 2018, the pilot reform of five central enterprises and central financial institutions, including Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces and China Unicom and China Reinsurance, had been basically completed. In December 2018, the second batch of transfer work at the central level was started. The transfer enterprises included 15 central management enterprises such as China Huaneng and 4 central financial institutions such as PICC China. In July 2019, the State Council decided to fully push forward the central and local governments to transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund. At the central level, qualified enterprises will be basically completed by the end of 2019, enterprises with real difficulties can be completed by the end of 2020, and enterprises run by central administrative institutions will be transferred after the centralized and unified regulatory reform is completed; At the local level, the transfer will be basically completed by the end of 2020. Up to now, the central level has completed the transfer of 67 central enterprises and central financial institutions in three batches, with a total transfer of state-owned capital of about 860.1 billion yuan. The mechanism of state-owned capital to make up for social security fund has been initially established, which has promoted the diversified reform of state-owned equity.

5. Reform of social security collection system.The Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions in 2018 clearly stipulates that since January 1, 2019, all social insurance premiums will be uniformly collected by the tax authorities. The State Council attaches great importance to improving the reform of the social security fee collection system. According to some new situations and problems in the process of reform, it has made new adjustments and arrangements for the transfer of social security fee collection and management responsibilities of enterprises in a timely manner, requiring that in principle, the current collection system should be continued temporarily, and "a mature province should be handed over to a province". Up to now, among the 37 regions (provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and cities with separate plans), 21 regions were originally collected by the tax authorities, and the tax authorities collected all social security fees; In 16 areas where the social security department originally collected the social security fees of enterprises, the social security fee collection and management responsibilities of enterprises have not been transferred yet, and they will continue to be collected by the social security department, and the social security fee collection and management responsibilities of institutions and urban and rural residents will be transferred to the tax department; The tax authorities in 22 regions are also responsible for collecting occupational annuities.

Second, the main problems and shortcomings

Over the years, China has made great achievements in promoting the construction of a comprehensive, basic and sustainable multi-level social security system, and basically established a social security network covering all people. Judging from the overall situation of the basic old-age insurance in China, the system has been continuously improved, the level of protection has been continuously improved, the fund operation has been generally stable, and the current income and expenditure are still in balance. However, the survey also found that the gap between the fund’s current income and expenditure showed an expanding trend, and the accumulated balance of individual provinces "bottomed out", which further increased the potential risk of the fund; Fund budget management is generally extensive, and some institutional issues are not paid enough attention, and the scientific, refined and modern level of budget management is low; The design of endowment insurance system is not perfect enough to meet the needs of reform and development, which seriously affects the sustainability and credibility of the system. These problems must be solved quickly.

(A) The contradiction between revenue and expenditure has become increasingly prominent, and related risks have begun to emerge.

First, the growth of insurance premium income is relatively weak.Comparing the premium income of the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in China with the basic pension expenditure, the income and expenditure gap of 31.9 billion yuan first appeared in 2014, and it has expanded to 77.3 billion yuan in 2018. Many places reflect that due to the accelerated process of population aging, the dependency ratiooneThe sustained and rapid decline has caused the growth of fund income to be lower than the growth of expenditure for a long time, resulting in the widening gap between fund income and expenditure. In recent years, the implementation of tax reduction and fee reduction policy has also reduced the current collection income to some extent. The survey found that Northeast China is still facing the reality of a large outflow of population, especially young and middle-aged people, and it is difficult to reverse the situation of decreasing dependency ratio, and it is increasingly difficult to promote the growth of premium income.

Second, there is a great pressure on financial subsidies.Since 2005, the basic pension treatment standard for enterprise employees has been raised for 15 consecutive years, and the financial departments at all levels have borne the corresponding increased expenditures. The basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents is to provide old-age insurance for urban and rural residents without income sources. The financial system bears the main responsibility, and some local financial subsidies account for more than 70%. The reform of endowment insurance in institutions has also put forward a lot of expenditure requirements for governments at all levels, and there is still a certain income and expenditure gap in some places under investigation.

Third, problems left over from history bear a heavy burden in some areas.There has been no clear and detailed solution to the transition cost of the old-age insurance system. For the "old people" who have no personal account accumulation and the "middle people" who have insufficient personal account accumulation, the pension benefits enjoyed according to the regulations of deemed payment are paid by the funds collected in the current period. After the implementation of the reform of state-owned enterprises and the diversion of laid-off workers, state-owned enterprises went into battle lightly and developed well. However, the remaining problems of "early retirement" employee pension insurance have not been properly solved, which has brought a huge burden to some places. The reform of transferring some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund is progressing slowly, some departments and enterprises are resistant, and there are not many local state-owned enterprises worth transferring, so the overall reform effect is not great. In some places, it is reflected that the large-scale collective reform of factories and enterprises, de-capacity, etc. have increased the pressure on the fund’s income and expenditure from two aspects: reducing the arrears of enterprises, ensuring development and increasing expenditures, and need the support of the central government.

Fourth, the sustainability of the fund is under great pressure.The relevant departments in the State Council organized and carried out the long-term actuarial analysis of the basic old-age insurance. Although the results of various departments and institutions are different, the general judgment is that for a long time to come, the degree of population aging in China will become increasingly serious, the dependency ratio within the system will continue to decline, and the sustainability of the old-age insurance fund will face severe challenges.

(B) The budget management is relatively extensive, and the system and mechanism need to be improved urgently.

First, the provisions on budgeting responsibilities are not clear enough.The Opinions of the State Council on Implementing the Budget of Social Insurance Fund issued in 2010 stipulates that the main body of compiling the budget of social insurance fund is the human and social departments, and the financial department only undertakes the audit responsibility. The Budget Law revised in 2014 stipulates that the financial departments of governments at all levels are responsible for the specific preparation of budgets. According to the investigation, the provisions of the State Council’s opinion are still implemented, and there are different understandings about the provisions of the budget law, especially about "preparation" and "the subject of social insurance fund budget preparation". In some places, it is pointed out that the division of responsibilities for fund budgeting is not clear enough, the participation of financial departments is insufficient, and the implementation of responsibilities is not enough.

Second, the budget preparation procedure is not reasonable enough.Restricted by the level of fund overall planning, the current budget adopts the procedure of overall planning, bottom-up and layer-by-layer summary. There are too many compiling subjects, different policy understandings and different interests, which makes it difficult to effectively play the role of overall budget arrangement, resulting in the conservative compilation of income budgets in some areas, and the phenomenon that expenditures exceed the budget sometimes occurs. Especially after putting forward the reform direction of national overall planning, some places have the mentality of "receiving less and spending more". The audit department reported that in some co-ordination areas, artificially depressing the budget revenue and inflating the expenditure budget has become the norm, resulting in a serious deviation from the reality of the fund budget and poor effectiveness of budget management.

Third, the foundation of budget management is relatively weak.Due to the low level of overall planning of the basic old-age insurance fund, the basic data such as the number of insured persons, the actual payment base and rate, and the basis of pension calculation and distribution required for budget management are scattered in various overall planning areas. Some central departments and provincial management departments have indicated that they do not fully grasp accurate information, and some local data indicators are not scientifically collected, so the credibility and transparency are not high. Strengthening budget management has become a passive water without a root. On the other hand, social security agencies are in the front line of fund budgeting, but they lack effective access to relevant economic and social data, especially the information available to grass-roots social security agencies is more limited, and the basic quality of budgeting is not high.

Fourth, the refined level of budget management is not enough.Judging from the draft fund budget submitted to the National People’s Congress, it is mainly a few large numbers such as income, expenditure and balance, lacking detailed data by region, industry and population, and the readability and auditability of the budget are not strong. From the perspective of budget preparation, although there are requirements for the reference factors of fund revenue and expenditure preparation, a unified and standardized index system has not yet been established, and different places have different understanding of policies by industry and population, and their calculation methods are also different. From the perspective of budget implementation, many places and even some places where there is a big contradiction between fund revenue and expenditure only emphasize the hard constraint of budget, and have not taken the initiative to establish a regular analysis system for fund budget implementation. The response to changes in industries and people reflected by the implementation situation is relatively lagging behind, and the fund risk early warning mechanism and response plan have not been effectively established.

Fifth, actuarial analysis is seriously lagging behind.There is a big gap between the actuarial work of the basic old-age insurance fund and the actual demand in the aspects of system construction, talent team construction and the application of actuarial results, and a standardized actuarial analysis mechanism combining long, medium and short term has not been established. As an important part of budget management, fund actuarial has not been brought into the budget management category, resulting in poor predictability and scientificity of budget revenue and expenditure preparation, lack of preparation for possible fund risks and even financial risks, and weak ability to effectively deal with population aging.

Sixth, the informatization construction is weak.The preparation, implementation, audit and supervision of the fund budget involve many departments and institutions such as human society, finance, taxation, auditing and social security agencies. At present, a unified, standardized and dynamically shared information database has not been established, and each department and institution relies on the information system of this system for management. Repeated construction and decentralized maintenance consume a lot of manpower and material resources, and information data cannot be effectively shared, which also affects the accuracy of relevant data and information.

(C) The design of the old-age insurance system is not perfect, and the pace of reform needs to be accelerated.

First, the low level of fund overall planning has become the primary problem to be solved urgently.Judging from the basic endowment insurance fund for enterprise employees, most provincial-level places have not yet achieved real provincial-level overall planning, and many places are still municipal-level and county-level overall planning. The low level of overall planning makes it difficult to fully realize the transfer of funds between different overall planning areas, and the law of large numbers of insurance cannot be fully exerted. At the same time, the fund balance is mainly deposited in the labor inflow areas, but the labor outflow areas have to bear the pressure of issuing a large number of old-age benefits for the returning laborers. This extremely uneven distribution of funds not only makes the labor outflow areas such as the central and western regions dissatisfied, but also makes the interest pattern of low-level overall planning gradually solidify. Some places with fund balances regard the balance as local "own" resources and advantages, and there is resistance to national overall planning and entrusting the National Social Security Fund Council to invest and operate. Lack of awareness that basic old-age insurance is a "national system" makes the reform more and more difficult. Some provinces surveyed reflect that they are not optimistic about realizing the provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of funds in 2020.

Second, the irregular implementation of policies such as payment base, rate and pension benefits has brought many disadvantages.Due to the low level of fund co-ordination, the relevant departments give local governments some autonomy in terms of payment base, rates and pension benefits. In actual implementation, the co-ordination places with large contradiction between fund revenue and expenditure tend to be strict base and high rate, while the co-ordination places with more fund balances tend to be wide base and low rate, which is quite different among regions. In terms of rates, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Xiamen, which have more fund balances, stipulate unit payment rates of 14%, 13% and 12% respectively. In terms of payment base, some places allow enterprises to determine the base according to a certain proportion of total wages. In terms of pension benefits, different places have different definitions of the standard of deemed payment, and some people think it is unfair. The disunity of local policies not only causes the inconsistent foundation and unclear base of fund budget preparation, but also brings difficulties to improve the overall planning level; It also causes unfairness at the institutional level, affects the free flow of resources and intensifies regional differences. It is found that many places have introduced preferential policies to reduce and exempt insurance contributions, which, as an important means of attracting investment, have a great impact on normal investment attraction in other places, especially in areas with large contradictions between fund income and expenditure. Some parts of Northeast China reflect that it has faced a vicious circle of "the contradiction between fund income and expenditure is prominent → the approved payment base and rate are strict → it is in a disadvantageous position of attracting investment → enterprises move out because of the high payment of endowment insurance → the economic development is slow and the employment population is small → the contradiction between fund income and expenditure is more prominent".

Third, the incentive and restraint mechanism is not perfect enough.From the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, it is generally reflected in all aspects that the nominal rate of 28% (unit 20%+ individual 8%) is obviously high, and it is still higher than the level of some major western developed countries after reducing the rate this year. In order to reduce costs and maintain operations, many enterprises, especially private enterprises, tend to lower or even falsely report the payment base, and some tax collection management departments also "know without asking", so the seriousness and binding force of the system are poor. Some experts pointed out that the fund implements the mechanism of combining social pooling with individual accounts, but all individual contributions are credited to individual accounts, resulting in no contribution to overall adjustment of individual contributions, and individuals lack a sense of responsibility for the basic endowment insurance system. The minimum payment period of 15 years for receiving pension is not only short, but also the system design is not regarded as the minimum period for fulfilling legal obligations. In addition, the cumulative algorithm is adopted for 15 years calculation, and it is not uncommon to interrupt payment. From the perspective of the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, because the overall planning part is almost entirely borne by the finance, the system is welfare-oriented, plus the basic pension level and the average replacement rate2Low (in some places, the average replacement rate is only about 9%), residents’ enthusiasm for participating in insurance is not high, and the participation rate has declined in some places. Even if they are insured, most people tend to choose the lowest payment grade. In the old-age insurance, the basic pension calculation and payment methods linked to benefits, such as overpayment, long-term payment and late retirement, need to be improved.

Fourth, the construction of a multi-level endowment insurance system lags behind.The target design of the multi-level endowment insurance system in China includes three pillars, the first pillar is basic endowment insurance, the second pillar is enterprise annuity and occupational annuity, and the third pillar is personal savings endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance. At present, there is no clear plan for the overall protection degree of multi-level pension insurance system and the target level of overall pension replacement rate. Among them, there is also a lack of clear quantitative requirements for the status and role of each pillar. In practice, the basic old-age insurance is a monopoly, the whole society’s old-age responsibility, and the high, middle and low levels of old-age demand are all on the basic old-age insurance; The coverage rate of the second pillar is low, and its development is obviously lagging behind. By the end of 2018, there were 110 million market entities in China, and less than 0.1% of enterprises established enterprise annuities, most of which were large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and less than 10% of employees participated in the basic old-age insurance. The third pillar has just begun to be piloted, and there is still a lack of effective encouragement and support policies. Highly dependent on the basic old-age insurance as the first pillar, resulting in a high payment rate, most enterprises are unable to build supplementary old-age insurance for employees, limiting the development of the second and third pillars, forming a situation of "single tree is difficult to support".

Fifth, the relevant reforms are not in place and affect the improvement of the system.Many localities and experts have reported that the implementation of the reform of the collection system of social insurance funds and the unified collection of social insurance premiums by tax authorities will be conducive to realizing the payment base of enterprises and finding out the base, laying a foundation for further improving the fee-based system. Implementing large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction, reducing the social security payment rate of enterprises and reducing the burden on enterprises are also necessary measures to cope with the downward pressure on the economy. If we strengthen overall coordination and require enterprises to make a real payment base while reducing the rate, the overall effect of the policy "combination boxing" should be more obvious. However, due to the lack of coordination in actual implementation and the strong social reaction, the reform of the collection system has basically stagnated, and the goal of standardizing the fee base and realizing the fee base cannot be achieved.

The reform of delayed retirement age has been put forward for many years, but the implementation plan has been delayed, and there are many social discussions. Not only has the window period of reform been continuously shortened, but it has also affected the due effect of reform; It also leads to unclear social expectations and lack of effective guidance of public opinion. It has been pointed out that the provision of early retirement for special jobs has not been adjusted for a long time, which is not in line with the actual situation, which is not conducive to stabilizing the income of the fund, and even some enterprises have compiled false materials for reducing staff and increasing efficiency and for early retirement of employees. From the international experience, delaying retirement age or receiving pension age has become a unanimous choice for major developed economies represented by OECD countries to effectively deal with population aging, and many countries have also adopted different degrees of restrictions on early retirement.

The reform of entrusted investment is progressing slowly, and the balance of funds used for investment and operation is less. According to the statistics of the National Social Security Fund Council, the total amount of contracts entrusted to it for investment at the end of 2018 was about 858 billion yuan, accounting for 14.8% of the total balance of the national endowment insurance fund at the end of 2018. Most of the fund balances were still in bank deposits, and the overall ability of the fund to maintain and increase value was not strong.

Third, relevant suggestions

The problem of providing for the aged is related to people’s happiness and well-being, social harmony and stability, and long-term stability of the country. In the face of new situations and challenges such as the new normal of economic development and the accelerated aging of the population, we must adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, conscientiously implement the major decision-making arrangements of the party and the state on the reform of the old-age insurance system, maintain and enhance the credibility of the social security system, enhance the people’s sense of identity and confidence, and enhance their overall awareness, crisis awareness and responsibility awareness. With greater determination and courage, we will promote the reform of the old-age insurance system, improve the scientific and fair nature of the system, strengthen the income capacity of the old-age insurance fund, strengthen and standardize the budget management of the old-age insurance fund, effectively prevent and resolve risks, and enhance the sustainability of the fund by developing the economy, expanding the coverage, increasing the rate of maintaining and increasing the value of surplus funds, and standardizing financial subsidies.

(1) Effectively enhance the sense of urgency and responsibility, and accelerate the implementation of various reforms.

We should fully understand the significance of the normal operation of the basic old-age insurance fund for safeguarding people’s interests and social stability, fully understand the grim situation faced by the old-age insurance system and the fund operation, fully understand the time pressure of gradually narrowing the reform window, further enhance the sense of crisis, enhance the sense of urgency in promoting the reform of the old-age insurance system, make up our minds to speed up the reform, seize the day and wait for no time, intensify the implementation of the CPC Central Committee’s decision-making and deployment on the reform of the old-age insurance system, and improve the system and mechanism so as to make relevant reform plans as soon as possible. It is necessary to accurately grasp the downward trend of the dependency ratio brought about by the acceleration of the aging population, effectively resolve the risks caused by the increasing income of the basic old-age insurance fund year by year, actively respond to the problem of the sustainability of the fund that the whole society is highly concerned about, and some people are worried that they may not get a pension in the future when they participate in the basic old-age insurance system, and pay attention to and reverse the tendency of some enterprise employees and residents to stop paying their fees after participating in the insurance, and some young people who have just joined the work are unwilling to pay for the insurance. It is necessary to improve the operating efficiency of the fund by improving the system. We should attach great importance to strengthening the management of income and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund, regard ensuring the sustainability of the fund as the top priority and the most important responsibility of governments at all levels, and take the fund budget management and actuarial analysis as the important starting points to effectively improve the scientific, refined and modern level of fund management.

(B) to speed up the improvement of the old-age insurance system, improve the scientific and fair system.

The first is to improve the top-level design of the target framework of the multi-level endowment insurance system.Further clarify the overall replacement rate target of the old-age insurance system and the proportion that each pillar should share, and accelerate the construction of a multi-level old-age insurance system. It is suggested to refer to the International Labour Organization’s Convention on the Minimum Standards of Social Security and international experience, and combine the actual situation of China’s economic and social development and residents’ old-age habits to define the overall replacement rate target, ensure that the basic living standards of workers before and after retirement are roughly the same, and improve the mechanism for dynamically adjusting the replacement rate target according to the level of economic and social development and financial affordability. Optimize development goals and policies, make clear that the basic old-age insurance is fully covered and basic, speed up the improvement of relevant fiscal and tax policies, actively guide and promote the healthy development of the second pillar (enterprise annuity and occupational annuity) and the third pillar (personal savings endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance), and form a three-pillar structure of old-age insurance. Further consolidate the security responsibilities that units and individuals should bear in the field of old-age care, and form a good situation in which the state, units and residents participate and share reasonably and actively respond to the aging population.

The second is to introduce reform measures such as delaying the age of receiving pensions and raising the minimum payment period as soon as possible.In order to study and reform the conditions for receiving pensions, it is suggested that the pension age should no longer be linked to the retirement age, and a gradual reform plan for delaying the age of receiving pensions should be formulated and implemented as soon as possible, and the "small steps and quick steps" should be delayed in stages to effectively guide the expectations of the masses. Adjust the conditions for receiving full pension benefits accordingly, and reduce those who are not old enough and have insufficient payment years in proportion. It is suggested to study and increase the minimum payment period of receiving pension, and set restrictions on the number and interval of interruption of payment.

The third is to accelerate the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance.The relevant departments of the central government should strengthen the planning and design of the national overall planning system, and properly handle the relationship between promoting the reform of overall planning level, mobilizing local enthusiasm, and consolidating local main responsibility. They can learn from the experience and practices of establishing a gap responsibility sharing mechanism in some places to prevent "eating from the same pot" and "whipping the cattle". It is necessary to seriously study and establish an effective linkage mechanism between the realistic differences in pension treatment levels between regions and the implementation of national pension planning, and formulate a transition plan to protect the reasonable rights and interests of the people. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance for local governments to carry out the reform of provincial-level unified revenue and expenditure, ensure that the reform tasks are put in place before the end of 2020, and avoid doing things in their own way, so as to create favorable conditions for promoting national overall planning. On this basis, study and formulate a timetable and road map to achieve national overall planning.

The fourth is to improve the incentive and restraint mechanism.It is necessary to improve the incentive mechanism of overpayment, overpayment for a long time and overpayment for late retirement, improve the relevant systems such as the mechanism of linking treatment with payment, optimize the identification criteria for special types of work, and improve the early retirement policy. For those who choose to retire early or late, the level of pension benefits can be reduced or improved according to the corresponding number of years; For flexible employees, urban and rural residents insured, etc., study and improve the financial subsidy policy for payment, and guide the reasonable increase of payment level. In accordance with the principle of "low fee rate and wide fee base", we will establish a linkage mechanism to reduce the payment rate and make a real payment base, and steadily promote the reform of the collection system of old-age insurance premiums without basically increasing the burden of payment. It is necessary to further implement the relevant legal requirements, strictly review the fund’s participation in insurance and collect fees, strengthen the awareness of participating in insurance and paying fees according to law by strengthening publicity and guidance, and improve the inspection and punishment mechanism to prevent illegal phenomena such as missing payment, underpayment and non-payment, and improve the participation rate and payment rate.

(3) Standardizing fund revenue and expenditure and improving the ability to cope with payment risks.

First, based on economic development, enhance the fund’s income potential.Development is the key to solve many economic and social problems in China. To solve the contradiction between income and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund, we must rely on developing the economy, expanding employment, raising the income level and broadening the fee base of the old-age insurance fund. We must adhere to the new development concept, promote high-quality development, persist in promoting reform and opening up, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and make overall plans to stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust the structure, benefit people’s livelihood, prevent risks, and ensure stability, promote sustained and healthy economic development, continuously improve people’s income levels, and consolidate the income base of the fund.

The second is to do a good job in expanding the collection and raising the participation rate and payment rate.It is necessary to use modern information technologies such as big data and cloud computing to strengthen the inter-departmental information sharing and coordination linkage mechanism, promote the free connection and transfer of endowment insurance in an orderly manner throughout the country, improve management ability and service level, focus on the participation of employees in non-public economic organizations and flexible employees in cities and towns in endowment insurance, accelerate the adaptation to the new economy and new formats such as webcasting, promote the classification, accurately expand the coverage, and improve the participation rate, so as to ensure that all insurance is guaranteed. It is necessary to actively and steadily carry out historical arrears and payment audits in accordance with the law, improve the financial subsidy policy for insurance payment, and promote the increase of payment rate.

The third is to increase entrusted investment and improve the level of maintaining and increasing the value of surplus funds.It is necessary to further actively and steadily promote the entrusted investment of the surplus funds of the basic old-age insurance fund, strive to increase the proportion of entrusted investment funds under the premise of ensuring the safe payment of pensions, and strive to enhance the ability of the fund to maintain and increase its value. We should adhere to the principle of prudent investment, promote diversification of asset allocation, make good use of financial instruments such as insurance and reinsurance, and strive to achieve a long-term stable and relatively high income level.

The fourth is to standardize the financial subsidy system and give play to the role of financial support.Further clarify the functional orientation of financial subsidies, improve the ways of financial subsidies, establish a scientific mechanism for determining financial subsidies, and effectively play the institutional functions of financial subsidies. We will study and improve the fiscal and taxation policies to support the development of the old-age insurance system, implement tax-free policies for the payment, operation and income of enterprise (occupational) annuities, accelerate the promotion of personal tax deferred old-age insurance, and enhance the attractiveness, stability and sustainability of the old-age insurance system.

The fifth is to reform and standardize the treatment adjustment mechanism and fund expenditure arrangements to improve the matching degree with income.Standardize the adjustment of insurance benefits, combine the target level of replacement rate, and establish a scientific, reasonable and predictable normal insurance benefits adjustment mechanism that is coordinated with economic development indicators and residents’ income growth indicators. In view of the payment difficulties caused by the heavy historical burden in specific areas, we should study and improve the commitment mechanism to realize the shift from "passively filling the gap" to "actively solving the problem". We will further reform the transfer of state-owned capital, improve the operating budget system of state-owned capital, and solve historical problems such as the reform of state-owned enterprises and the reform of large-scale collective factories. Seriously sorting out and studying the stock debt problems caused by the guarantee of pension payment in some places, we should not only face up to the difficulties caused by the defects of the system itself, but also take effective measures to support local governments to solve debt risks in a safe and orderly manner, and also clarify unreasonable violations of laws and regulations in implementation, increase accountability and urge the implementation of rectification.

(four) improve the fund budget system to ensure the sustainability of the fund.

First, improve the legal system related to the pension fund budget.Do a good job in the organic connection between the Budget Law, the State Council’s Opinions on Implementing the Budget of Social Insurance Fund and other relevant laws and regulations, speed up the revision and promulgation of the Regulations on the Implementation of the Budget Law, clarify the rights and obligations of all relevant subjects in the fund budget, and suggest further consolidating the main responsibilities of financial departments at all levels in the preparation, implementation and management of the basic old-age insurance fund budget. Study and formulate a unified national social security fund budget management method, standardize the fund budget preparation, implementation and management, and establish a budget adjustment mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of the social security fund budget.

The second is to establish and improve a budget system that is compatible with national overall planning.It is necessary to speed up the establishment of a unified system for compiling the budget of the basic old-age insurance fund by the central government, give play to the role of overall planning and coordination by the central government, and lay the foundation for realizing the national unified collection and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund. Improve the construction of budgeting index system, increase the expected growth rate of full-caliber social average wage, expected rate of return on entrusted investment, life expectancy per capita, population growth rate, aging speed and other expected indicators, carry out scientific and standardized fund revenue and expenditure forecast, and improve the scientificity and accuracy of budgeting. Improve the regular analysis system of fund budget implementation, establish risk early warning mechanism and emergency response mechanism, and enhance the timeliness and effectiveness of fund audit. Establish an administrative supervision system and an audit supervision system for social security funds, strengthen social supervision, intensify the crackdown on corruption, misappropriation and malicious insurance fraud, and ensure the safety of funds.

The third is to establish an analysis system of actuarial balance of funds.It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design, establish a scientific and standardized actuarial balance calculation and analysis system for basic old-age insurance funds, and carry out actuarial analysis regularly. According to the long-term demographic changes and economic and social development trends, based on the important factors such as target replacement rate, payment base, rate, and return on investment, improve the actuarial analysis model. Improve the application mechanism of actuarial analysis results in fund budget preparation and endowment insurance policy formulation, and realize sustainable intergenerational balance by dynamically adjusting the level of payment and payment, improving the government subsidy mechanism, and promoting the reform of endowment insurance system.

The fourth is to strengthen the basic work of budget management and information construction.Improve the basic system of data collection and processing, and establish relevant standardization norms to ensure that the basic data is true, accurate, verifiable and comparable. Integrate the existing information systems of various departments and promote the construction of a unified, standardized and dynamically shared national information database. Strengthen the use of data analysis, with the help of modern information technologies such as big data and cloud computing, support the calculation and analysis of fund actuarial balance, strengthen real-time monitoring and analysis of fund operation, and improve the accuracy and modernization level of fund budget management.

The fifth is to strengthen the review and supervision of the budget of the endowment insurance fund by the National People’s Congress.Standardize and improve the preparation of the basic old-age insurance fund budget, further improve and refine the draft budget of the basic old-age insurance fund, increase the sub-regional budget table, and provide the basis, parameter description and performance objectives of the basic old-age insurance fund budget as annexes to the draft budget to improve the readability and auditability of the budget. Give full play to the audit role, deepen the substantive review of the pension fund budget with the help of modern information means such as budget networking supervision system, improve the ability of the National People’s Congress and provincial people’s congresses to review and supervise the pension fund budget, ensure the sustainability and fairness of the pension fund, and enhance the credibility, attraction and cohesion of the pension insurance system.

1  Dependence ratio = working-age population: non-working-age population.

2  Pension replacement rate refers to the ratio between the level of pension collection and the level of wage income before retirement, which is used to measure the difference of living security level between workers before and after retirement.

                         The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) social basic endowment insuranceSpecial research group on fund budget management and reform

Schedule 1  

Average contribution rate of compulsory pensions for employees in some OECD countries in 2016

fillPublic pension: a compulsory pension plan initiated and managed by the public sector of the government, and the government bears direct financial responsibility for the public pension plan. Generally speaking, public pension is equivalent to the "first pillar" of old-age insurance.

Private pension: The organizers include private entities such as individual enterprises, enterprise alliances, trade unions and financial intermediaries approved by the government. All kinds of occupational pensions, enterprise annuities and personal pensions belong to the category of private pensions. The government usually does not bear the direct or final financial responsibility for private pensions, but it has the responsibility of supervision. Private pensions are divided into compulsory and voluntary types. Generally speaking, compulsory private pension is equivalent to the "second pillar" of old-age insurance, and voluntary pension is equivalent to the "third pillar".

Source: OECDPensionsOutlook2018

Schedule II

Pension age in some countries in 2016

Source: OECDPensionsataglance2017

Schedule III  

Overall situation of pension replacement rate in OECD member countries in 2016

Source: OECDPensionsOutlook2018

Schedule IV

Base and proportion of endowment insurance payment in some places in China in 2019

Data source: according to the websites of local human and social departments.

Reform measures of endowment insurance system in some countries

I. Germany

In order to effectively cope with the aging population and resolve the crisis of pension payment, the general idea of German pension insurance system reform is to control the contribution and subsidy growth of statutory pension insurance on the one hand and reduce the pension obtained by retirees from the first pillar (statutory pension insurance) on the premise of not reducing the overall pension level of pensioners (maintaining the replacement rate of about 70%); On the other hand, support the development of the second and third pillars of pension insurance through subsidies and tax incentives, balance the impact caused by the reduction of statutory pension, and shift the burden of statutory pension insurance and the bottleneck of global competition to enterprises and private pension insurance that are flexible and can adapt to the challenges of globalization. The main measures include:The first is to promote the "compensation conversion" enterprise pension insurance reform.German enterprise pension insurance is a pension formed by voluntary contract between employees and employers. In the past, enterprise pension insurance was only paid by employers. Since 2002, employees have the right to invest part of their gross wages in enterprise pension insurance by means of "compensation conversion" (but since 2019, employers will pay at least 15% of the amount of "compensation conversion"). This part of the salary is tax-free and exempt from social insurance contributions, up to 4% of the statutory pension premium calculation limit.The second is to promote the establishment of a private pension insurance system, including the Rister pension system and the Rukup pension system.In 2002, Germany formally established the Rist pension system. This is a state-funded and personal savings pension insurance system. All employees in Germany can participate, but it is not compulsory. The premium is tax-free, and the insured can only withdraw and use the accumulated insurance money after 60 years old. If employees pay a certain percentage of pre-tax income or give birth to children, they can get state subsidies. Rist pension is operated and managed by financial institutions certified by the state, and the state uses the financial "bottom" to guarantee the payment of this pension in the retirement stage. The Rukup pension, which was launched in 2005, is a commercial pension insurance plan that can be voluntarily insured by individuals who can enjoy a large amount of tax refund from the government. The products are provided by insurance companies, and the pension should be collected after reaching the age of 62.The third is to actively increase the birth rate.Increase investment in family policy, affirm the contribution of raising children, convert the time women spend raising children into the payment period of old-age insurance according to the average wage in various places, encourage the birth of children and improve the fertility rate through indirect social welfare policies and family policies.The fourth is to extend the retirement age.Extend the retirement age in a continuous and slow way: from 2012 to 2022, postpone retirement for one month every year; From 2023 to 2029, retirement will be delayed for two months every year, and finally the retirement age will be extended from 65 years before the reform to 67 years.

Second, France

With the pension insurance system with high welfare becoming more and more difficult to maintain and the pension deficit increasing sharply, France has taken many measures to adjust the pension insurance system.The first is to indirectly reduce the level of protection.Extend the pension calculation and payment base of the public and private sectors from the 10-year average monthly salary with the highest salary level in the career to the highest 25 years. Decoupling the adjustment of basic pension benefits from wages and linking it to the price index.The second is to extend the retirement age.Extend the retirement age from 60 to 62, and extend the retirement age of receiving full basic pension from 65 to 67. Since 2019, those who meet the statutory retirement age and the minimum payment period for receiving a full supplementary pension will not be able to receive a full supplementary pension unless they work more and pay for one year; If retirement is delayed until the age of 64 and above, you will enjoy rewards.The third is to extend the minimum payment period for receiving full basic pension.From the original 37.5 years to 43 years.The fourth is to pay attention to vulnerable groups.We will provide a minimum living guarantee for the poor elderly who have no right to receive pensions, include maternity leave subsidies for women in the pension calculation and payment base, extend the pension exemption time for the unemployed, and stipulate that workers who have worked too long or engaged in heavy labor can retire early.Fifth, adjust the structure of the endowment insurance system.Establish two kinds of fund accumulation pension insurance, namely "enterprise collective retirement savings plan" and "individual retirement pension savings plan", and encourage enterprises and individuals to participate by reducing and exempting enterprise social security contributions and personal income tax, so as to improve the "three pillars" insurance system.

III. Austria

In order to effectively cope with the aging population, Austria actively promotes the reform of the old-age insurance system. Measures taken include:The first is to raise the retirement age of women.Gradually increase the retirement age of women from 60 to 65, which is consistent with the retirement age of men.The second is to implement incentive and restraint policies.Establish an old-age insurance account system for people born after 1955, and implement the "45/65/80" scheme, that is, those who retire at the age of 65 and pay 45 years’ premium will ensure that their pension will reach 80% of their pre-retirement income. At the same time, early retirement is restricted, and it is allowed to retire up to three years in advance (women are prohibited from retiring early), and the treatment level is reduced by 4.5% for every one year in advance; Delayed retirement is encouraged, and the salary level is increased by 4.2% for every one year of delayed retirement.The third is to unify pension accounts.Since 2014, all different types of personal pensions have been unified into a single account, and the annual report system has been implemented. It is expected that the longer you work, the higher your salary will be by reporting the status of pension accounts and the expected salary level after retirement every year.The fourth is to cancel the disability pension and establish a disability rehabilitation center.This will help more disabled people to return to the job market instead of directly retiring.

IV. Norway

The third round of pension reform in Norway since 2011 focuses on promoting the employment of the elderly and expanding the labor participation of the whole society, which has the following characteristics:The first is to establish a "selective" retirement system.Before the reform, Norway’s legal retirement age was 67, and people who had worked for 40 years could receive a pension. After the reform, employees can voluntarily apply for retirement from the age of 62, but the total present value of pensions is expected to remain unchanged. The earlier they retire voluntarily, the less they will receive annual pensions. At the same time, the New Deal allows employees to continue to work full-time while receiving pensions, which is very flexible and the rights and interests are guaranteed.The second is to establish corresponding supporting institutional arrangements.We will implement the active employment policy for the elderly, set up a special policy center for the elderly, actively promote various activities aimed at encouraging the employment of the elderly, and promote the formation of joint forces among the government, enterprises, trade unions and social organizations. We will improve laws and regulations that encourage the elderly to take active jobs, prohibit employers from dismissing employees under 70 just because they have reached the statutory retirement age, and consider raising the age limit to 75.The third is to improve the fiscal and taxation policies that support the extension.Preferential tax policies such as tax reduction and exemption and deferred taxation are adopted to encourage the elderly to delay retirement, work longer hours and make more contributions. Through the reform of retirement system and structural policy arrangements, a virtuous circle of "delaying retirement-increasing labor supply-improving productivity-expanding tax base-improving the sustainability of pension expenditure" has been formed.

　　CCTV News:According to "Qingdao Health" WeChat official account, the Office of the Leading Group (Headquarters) of Qingdao Municipal Committee for Coordinating Epidemic Prevention and Control and Economic Operation issued a notice on October 13th. At present, the situation of epidemic prevention and control is still severe and complicated, with frequent personnel turnover and increased imported risks. In order to effectively do a good job in the work of "external defense input and internal defense rebound" in Qingdao, and better protect the health and safety of the general public, the frequency of nucleic acid detection in the normalized areas of Qingdao has been adjusted from October 15, 2022 to October 31, 2022, as decided by the municipal finger prevention research. The relevant matters are notified as follows:　

　　First, the frequency of nucleic acid detection in the normalized area of the city was adjusted to "one check every two days", which was carried out every single day, and the first detection was carried out on October 15th. Participants are all residents within the jurisdiction (including permanent residents and foreigners).　

　　Two, all kinds of key population detection frequency is lower than the "two-day inspection" should be carried out in accordance with the "two-day inspection", other key population in accordance with the original provisions and frequency to carry out nucleic acid testing.　

　　Three, during the implementation of the policy, all kinds of public places and public transport in the city must check the negative records of nucleic acid detection for 72 hours. If there is no negative record of nucleic acid detection for more than 72 hours, the "place code" nucleic acid detection sign will change from blue to yellow, that is, "bright yellow card".　

　　Four, who did not participate in nucleic acid testing as required to cause the spread of the epidemic or cause the risk of transmission, shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to the law.　

Special feature of 1905 film network "I have a hunch that there will be TV dramas and movies on this theme soon, hoping to ensure quality and quantity, and don’t shoot bad films!"In early September, a netizen was in a popular short play.Escape from the British MuseumThe comment area of the behind-the-scenes interview video predicts this. Soon after, the prophecy came true.

According to the notice issued by the National Film Bureau on September 15th and October 13th, respectively, about the filing and publicity of the national movie scripts (synopsis) in August, two animated films with the same theme, Escape from the British Museum and Escape from the British Museum, passed the filing that month.

In this regard, some netizens said that "if you want to do it, you should do it well, rather than lacking it", and some viewers questioned whether the filming was "with the consent of the original author". After 1905 Film Network communicated with Xia Xiao, one of the main creators of short plays, the other party said that the team had not authorized any company to create film projects at present.

Is the creation of animated film with the same name infringing?

Short plays, big feelings. This is the mainstream impression of netizens on the short play Escape from the British Museum.

The two main creators of the play are very young. Summer sister was born in 1997, and pancake fruit is a "00" generation. In an interview with the People’s Daily, Xia Sister said that the script was completely original, and pancake Guo Zi frankly saw "when a blogger introduced the information of the British Museum" and thought of shooting works with related themes.

About the original idea of the film, one of the most popular sayings at present is that it originated from a brain hole of netizens. At that time, a netizen put forward the idea of making an animated film named Escape from the British Museum with anthropomorphic techniques.

"The two newly-established Escape films are all animated films, and two Escape films appear one after another in a short period of time. Although the possibility of being angry is not ruled out, we must first make it clear that creativity is not protected by copyright law, and’ cultural relics escape’ belongs to the creative level, while the short film Escape is protected by copyright law."

"If the two cartoons did not animate the story of the short film" Escape "without authorization, but told a brand-new story, from this perspective, it did not infringe the copyright of the short film" Escape "and would not be banned from shooting." In an interview with 1905 Film Network, the film producers Sa Zhilei, such as Peach Blossom in the Ten Miles of III and Ziwuyu: Wandering at Night, shared their views. He believes that telling a brand-new story is the fundamental reason for the establishment of two animated films with the same theme.

From the synopsis of Escape from the British Museum and Escape from the British Museum’s story, we can see that both stories revolve around the escape of China cultural relics from the British Museum. The difference is that the latter increases the setting of ten dreams for "people who cultivate the moon".

"The object of copyright protection is a work in the legal sense. The name of a short play is not a work, and the story outline is a concept, which is not enough to be called a work. Therefore, the name and story outline of a short play are not protected by copyright; However, the high attention of popular short plays has potential commercial value and has the attribute of commodities. At this time, if the same or similar names are used to take advantage of the popularity of popular plays, it may constitute unfair competition and violate the Unfair Competition Law. " When interviewed by 1905 Film Network, Wang Yahui, a lawyer from Beijing Lanshang Law Firm, gave his own views.

At the same time, Wang Yahui also shared his views on the difference between reference and plagiarism in the content creation of film and television dramas. He believes that if the film and television dramas are similar only in subject matter and conception, but not in content, and they are all original, it can only be said that the latter draws lessons from the former and does not constitute infringement; If the content is highly similar, it is equivalent to the latter plagiarizing or adapting the former, which may infringe the copyright of the previous work.

At present, Escape from the British Museum has opened an official account on social platforms. On September 15th, the day the film was put on record, its official account also issued a message saying that "we can finally go home fair and square". Up to now, Escape from the British Museum Animation Film Project has not opened any official account of social platform.

According to the industrial and commercial registration information, the reporter called the filing companies of two animated films respectively. Among them, the phone of Manen (Shenzhen) Film Co., Ltd. was not answered, and the staff of Beijing Chaole Unlimited Culture Communication Co., Ltd. said that it was not convenient to disclose the relevant information of the project for the time being.

According to Enterprise Search APP, the major shareholder of Beijing Chaole Unlimited Culture Communication Co., Ltd. is Ying Da, a well-known mainland actor and director. The company is registered for the record, and the Escape from the British Museum market, which is written by Moon Man director Zhang Chiyu, has a relatively high degree of attention.

IP film and television drama creation wins at the starting line

The short play Escape from the British Museum’s coming out of the circle is due to the favorable weather and conditions. In the early stage of the play’s release, it just happened to catch up with the British Museum’s exposure that more than 2,000 pieces of cultural relics were lost. Of the more than 8 million cultural relics in the museum, about 23,000 are from China.

It is not uncommon for this kind of film and television companies to develop film projects with similar themes based on hot events or public IP. Among the works released by the National Film Bureau that passed the national film script (synopsis) filing and project publicity in August, there are other "face-bumping" projects. For example, The Story of a Lonely Studio in Luo Cha, which was registered by Beijing Light Film Industry, and The Mirage of Luo Cha, which was made by Guang Zhouta Xiu Animation, are all based on the public IP Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio.

For this kind of film and television drama adapted from public IP, Wang Yahui said that "public IP is similar to public resources shared by the whole people, which is not within the scope of copyright protection or has exceeded the protection period, so there is no need for authorization. Since it belongs to public resources, everyone has the right to use it, and it does not constitute infringement on each other".

Coco, who has ten years’ experience in publicizing Chinese and foreign cinema films, bluntly said that the film and television dramas adapted from popular IP have certain public cognitive advantages. In addition, there are relatively many promotional materials for these works, and the commercial value of cross-industry cooperation is usually higher than that of non-IP works.

"We can regard IP as a brand image with a certain popularity, and this image is supported by data. For various types of investments, including movies, certain data support is needed, which is the natural advantage of IP. " Sa Zhilei admits that IP with its own attention and traffic will also reduce communication costs when communicating with employers. According to statistics, as of October 17th, the number of the short play Escape from the British Museum and Tik Tok has reached 2.156 billion, and the number of Weibo topics has reached 877 million, with 127 hot searches on the list.

In addition, from the perspective of employers, project risk is an important evaluation factor when they decide whether to invest or not. IP works, on the other hand, have passed certain market verification at some levels (literature, animation, etc.), with higher awareness and a certain number of potential consumers, so the market risk is relatively low.

"From the perspective of spreading China’s traditional culture, it will be a blessing for everyone if we can make the’ cultural relics go home, the dream of rejuvenating the country’ deeply rooted in people’s hearts through film and television works, and let more people feel empathy for the loss and return of national treasures." Sa Zhilei hopes that if possible, the animation "Escape" and the main creator of the short film "Escape" can jointly develop this idea. The creation of this kind of theme film and television drama also has positive social significance.

(Coco is a pseudonym at the request of the interviewer)

Sponsor: General Office of Fuzhou Municipal People’s GovernmentUndertaking: Fuzhou Data Management Bureau

To ensure the best browsing effect, it is recommended that you use the following browser versions: IE browser version 9.0 and above; Google Chrome browser version 63 and above; 360 browser version 9.1 and above, and IE kernel 9.0 and above.

　　CCTV News:Recently, the Ministry of Commerce proposed to innovate consumption scenes, appropriately relax the restrictions on temporary display, and use night markets and theme markets that consumers love to see to create consumption scenes that meet the needs of different consumer groups. When interviewed in Huarong County, Hunan Province, the reporter saw that the standardized night stall market made the night consumption lively and orderly.

　　In the evening, the night stalls in Huarong County, Hunan Province are also lively. Looking up, although there are many stalls, they are miscellaneous but not chaotic. The stall owners are lined up in an orderly manner according to the designated area designated by the urban management.

　　In March this year, after Huarong Urban Management Brigade Regional Squadron opened the night stall for approval, Huang Feng immediately signed up and set up this stall near his own store.

　　That night, all the 14 tables in Huang Fengjia’s booth were full of guests, and there were many guests to take out. Due to the unique taste and reasonable price, the ice flower and pot-stewed taste of Huangfeng booth sell well every day, and now the daily income exceeds 1,000 yuan.

　　In Huarong County, there are more than 300 stall owners like Huang Feng’s family who use their free time to set up night stalls. In order to further standardize the night stall market and increase the market vitality, Huarong County has specially introduced the night stall declaration and management system to simplify the work flow.

The total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 5.8% year-on-year, and the catering revenue increased by 13.9% … The consumption data in the first quarter showed that with the implementation of a series of policies to promote consumption, consumption scenarios continued to expand and consumption expectations continued to improve, which led to a marked rebound in market sales, a steady improvement in service consumption, and an overall recovery in consumption.

The pulling effect is remarkable

The contribution rate of final consumption to economic growth reached 66.6%, which was significantly higher than last year.

The third China International Consumer Goods Expo held recently in Haikou, Hainan, is a window to observe China’s economy.

This year’s Consumer Expo, the exhibition area increased by 20% compared with the previous one, bringing together more than 3,300 consumer boutique brands from 65 countries and regions, with more than 50,000 buyers and professional visitors … The number of participating brands, the number of new products released and the total number of visitors all reached new highs.

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that consumption growth rebounded significantly in the first quarter. The total retail sales of social consumer goods was 11,492.2 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.8%. According to the location of business units, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 9,966.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.7%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 1,525.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%.

"In the first quarter of this year, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 5.8% year-on-year, which was significantly higher than that in the fourth quarter of last year; In March, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 10.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 7.1 percentage points faster than that in January-February. All these indicate that consumption is gradually picking up and improving. " Hong Yong, an associate researcher at the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, said.

"There are many factors for the recovery of consumption." Hong Yong believes that since the beginning of this year, policies to promote consumption have been introduced one after another, and the employment situation has been generally stable, laying a solid foundation for the steady recovery of residents’ income and consumption. In the first quarter, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 10,870 yuan, a nominal increase of 5.1% over the same period of last year, and a real increase of 3.8% after deducting the price factor, which was 0.1 and 0.9 percentage points faster than that of the whole year of last year respectively.

The pulling effect of consumption on economic growth has been significantly enhanced. In the first quarter, the contribution rate of final consumption to economic growth reached 66.6%, which was significantly higher than that of last year, and it was the most important factor driving economic growth among the three major demands.

Long-term good prospects

China is in the stage of rapid consumption upgrading, and new scenes and models are constantly emerging.

"China’s consumer demand is more diversified and personalized. Only by developing more new products can we better meet consumer demand." At the Expo, the relevant person in charge of Holland (China) Dairy Group told the reporter.

The concentrated appearance of new products at the Expo reflects the new trend of consumption upgrading in China. "Judging from the consumption data in the first quarter, China’s consumer market has resumed growth, and the characteristics of strong consumption resilience, great potential and full vitality have not changed. The fundamentals of long-term improvement in consumption development have not changed, and the general trend of upgrading consumption has not changed." Zhang Jixing, deputy director of the market research department of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said.

Commodity sales rose steadily. With the gradual release of residents’ consumption potential, the growth of upgrading consumption has accelerated, and the consumption of basic life has continued to grow. In the first quarter, the retail sales of goods increased by 4.9% year-on-year. Nearly 70% of the retail sales of 18 categories of commodities above designated size increased year-on-year, among which the retail sales of basic life commodities such as grain, oil and food, clothing, shoes, hats, needles and textiles increased by 7.5% and 9% respectively. The retail sales of upgraded commodities such as gold, silver, jewelry and cosmetics increased by 13.6% and 5.9% respectively.

Online and offline consumption growth has accelerated. With the improvement of market circulation, online consumption continues to improve. In the first quarter, the online retail sales of physical goods increased by 7.3% year-on-year, and continued to maintain rapid growth. At the same time, with the recovery of offline consumption scenes, the retail of physical stores has gradually improved. In the first quarter, the retail sales of retail stores above designated size increased by 3.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 3.2 percentage points faster than that in January-February.

"Residents’ propensity to consume is also rising, which means that the expectation of consumption recovery will continue to improve." Zhang Jixing said that with the stabilization and recovery of the economy, the gradual improvement of the employment situation and the increasing consumption scenarios, residents’ consumer confidence has improved, driving the average consumption tendency to rise. In the first quarter, the average consumption tendency of the national residents was 62%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the same period of last year.

Zhang Jixing believes that considering all factors, the role of consumption as the "main engine" of economic growth is expected to be further enhanced. On the one hand, employment has gradually improved, and the national urban survey unemployment rate dropped significantly in March, which is conducive to increasing residents’ income and enhancing their spending power. At the same time, new consumption scenes and new models are constantly emerging, which is conducive to stimulating new consumption willingness. From the perspective of medium and long-term development, China is in the stage of rapid upgrading of consumption, and the consumption prospect is promising for a long time.

Supply and demand work together

Residents’ contact consumption such as catering, entertainment and tourism continued to pick up.

"It feels good to be able to enjoy flowers and experience traditional culture." Hao Wei, a citizen who came to visit a thousand acres of rape flower viewing field in Niulou Town, Yanzhou District, Jining, Shandong Province, said. Many theme activities, such as "poetry exhibition" and "immersive stage play", have enhanced the sense of participation and experience of the tour, and tourists come to enjoy the flowers and view the scenery in an endless stream.

The local government will vigorously develop "flower sightseeing+rural tourism" and create new products and models of rural tourism that promote agricultural experience, parent-child interaction and leisure sightseeing, so as to better meet the needs of tourists and boost rural revitalization.

The data shows that China’s service consumption, including tourism, has rebounded significantly. In the first quarter, residents’ contact consumption such as catering, entertainment and tourism increased rapidly. The national catering revenue was 1,213.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.9%. From the per capita situation of residents, in the first quarter, the per capita service consumption expenditure of the national residents increased by 6.2% year-on-year, which was obviously faster than the per capita consumption expenditure of all residents.

Tourism demand is still picking up. According to the data of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, on the holiday day in Tomb-Sweeping Day this year, there were 23,766,400 domestic tourists, an increase of 22.7% compared with that in Tomb-Sweeping Day last year. According to the data of online travel platform, the demand for domestic long-distance travel and outbound travel increased significantly during the May 1 holiday this year.

According to the data of the US Mission and public comments, as of April 10th, the booking volume of domestic accommodation, transportation and scenic spots tickets during the May 1st holiday increased by about 200% compared with the same period in 2019. According to the data of Tuniu Travel Network, during the "May 1" holiday, the number of domestic long-distance travel and outbound travel bookings accounted for 56% and 15% respectively; Booking for local tours and Zhou Bianyou continued to accelerate.

"The current rapid warming of the cultural tourism market is the result of the joint efforts of both supply and demand." Wu Ruoshan, deputy director of the Cultural Tourism Policy Research Center of China Institute of Labor Relations, believes that various localities and departments have successively introduced relevant measures and introduced policies such as preferential tickets for scenic spots, which has effectively promoted the release of tourism consumption demand. On the supply side, new technologies such as deep integration of cultural tourism and digitalization have been accelerated in the field of tourism, which has spawned more popular cultural tourism integration products and smart tourism products.

"The direction of the rapid upgrading of cultural tourism consumption has not changed, the huge potential of market development has not changed, and the trend of high-quality development of the industry has not changed. With the implementation of various policies and the continuous improvement of tourism supply level, the potential and vitality of China’s cultural tourism market will be further released, and the recovery trend of the tourism market will be further enhanced. " Wu Ruoshan said. (Reporter Kelly Shi Zhe Li Xinyi Sun Haitian)

　　The State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China recently issued "Several Opinions on Improving the System and Mechanism of Promoting Consumption and Further Stimulating the Consumption Potential of Residents". The Opinions emphasize that in recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in expanding consumption scale, improving consumption level and improving consumption structure, but we should also see that the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict consumption expansion and upgrading are still outstanding.

　　In order to improve the system and mechanism of promoting consumption and further stimulate the consumption potential of residents,The "Opinions" revolve aroundResidents’ food, clothing, housing and transportation, and the direction of upgrading service consumption have introduced many measures.

　　Build a more mature consumer market segment

　　The "Opinions" pointed out that it is necessary to break through the deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles, adapt to the diversified consumption needs of residents at different levels, ensure the basic consumption economy, benefits and safety, cultivate the middle and high-end consumer market, and form a number of new consumption growth points with good development momentum and strong driving force.

　　Food, clothing and consumption

　　Strengthen guidance and supervision to ensure that market players provide safe and secure consumer goods.

　　Optimize the spatial layout of circulation facilities,Vigorously develop community businesses such as convenience stores and community greengrocers.To encourage the construction of a comprehensive service center for community life. Promote idle traditional commercial complexes to accelerate innovation and transformation, and promote the formation of a number of high-grade pedestrian streets through transformation and upgrading.Reasonable allocation of fitness, culture, pension and other service facilities in residential quarters.

　　Housing and transportation consumption

　　Vigorously develop the housing rental market, especially long-term rental.

　　Accelerate the legislation of housing leasing and protect the legitimate rights and interests of leasing stakeholders.We will strengthen the construction and transformation of urban water supply, sewage and garbage treatment, heating facilities in the northern region, and intensify the aging transformation of old urban communities by installing elevators.

　　Promote the optimization and upgrading of automobile consumption.

　　Encourage the development of a shared, economical and socialized automobile circulation system,Completely cancel the policy of restricting the movement of used cars.We will implement preferential fiscal and taxation policies such as exemption from vehicle purchase tax and purchase subsidies for new energy vehicles. Strengthen the construction of urban parking lots and charging facilities for new energy vehicles.

　　information consumption

　　Strengthen research and development of core technologies, accelerate product innovation and industrial upgrading, improve product quality and core competitiveness, and encourage and guide residents to expand consumption of related products.

　　Focus on the development of high-end mobile communication terminals, wearable devices, ultra-high-definition video terminals, smart home products and other new information products, as well as cutting-edge information consumption products such as virtual reality, augmented reality, smart cars and service robots.

　　green consumption

　　Establish a diversified supply system for green products, and enrich the production of green consumer goods such as energy-saving and water-saving products, resource recycling products, environmental protection products, green building materials and new energy vehicles.

　　Encourage the creation of green shopping malls, green hotels, green e-commerce and other circulation entities, and open up green product sales areas. Encourage qualified places to explore the development of green product consumption points system.

　　Promote the development of green transportation system and green postal service, and standardize the development of recycling industries of automobiles, household appliances and electronic products..　

　　Cultural tourism sports consumption

　　Properly grasp and handle the relationship between the attributes of cultural consumer goods and ideological attributes, promote the effective combination of inclusive and prudent supervision and open access, and strive to provide more excellent cultural products and quality cultural services.

　　Deepen the reform of the film distribution and projection mechanism. Improve the system and mechanism of legal circulation and trading of cultural relics. Improve the classified and open system in the fields of culture and Internet.

　　Carry out the creation of a global tourism demonstration zone. Promote the standardized development of theme parks, strengthen policy guidance for rural tourism, and improve the quality of rural tourism. Support the development of popular consumption of cruise ships, yachts, self-driving cars, caravans and general aviation, and strengthen the construction of relevant public supporting infrastructure.

　　Support social forces to hold international and domestic high-level sports events.Vigorously develop professional sports leagues. Promote the market-oriented operation of TV broadcasting of sports events.　　

　　Household consumption of healthy old-age care

　　On the premise of effectively guaranteeing basic medical and health services, support social forces to provide multi-level and diversified medical and health services.

　　Non-profit health service institutions run by social forces are treated equally with public institutions in land planning, municipal facilities, institutional access, talent introduction and practice environment.

　　Fully liberalize the old-age service market, further simplify the administrative examination and approval procedures, and promote the old-age service institutions to apply for "one-stop" services.Encourage social forces to participate in the reform of public pension service institutions. Improve the ways and means of government subsidies for the operation of old-age service institutions, and change from "making up bricks" and "making up beds" to "making up heads".

　　Guide the professional, large-scale, networked and standardized development of domestic service industry.Promote the establishment of domestic service credit system. Strengthen the implementation of job training in domestic service industry,Implement the pre-job health examination system.. accelerateHealth and beauty, family housekeeperSuch as the development of high-end life service industry.　

　　Education, training and child care consumption

　　Fully implement the party’s education policy, adhere to the correct direction of running schools, deepen the reform of the education system, and promote the opening of education to society and industry.

　　Vigorously support social forces to organize education and training institutions that meet diverse educational needs and are conducive to the overall and healthy development of individuals’ body and mind., developStudy tours, practice camps and special coursesAnd other educational service products. We will promptly revise the implementation regulations of the Private Education Promotion Law,Improve the classified registration management system of private education. Guide social forces to hold inclusive kindergartens and child care institutions in accordance with the requirements of the norms. Correct all kinds of educational and training activities that aim at utilitarianism and encourage the tendency of advanced education and exam-oriented education. Support foreign investors to set up non-academic vocational education and training institutions.

　　Create a safe and secure consumption environment

　　In terms of creating a safe and secure consumption environment, the Opinions put forward:

　　Strengthen the construction of credit system in the field of consumption

　　Relying on the national credit information sharing platform, establish a cross-regional cross-departmental cross-industry credit information sharing mechanism.,Provide the public with "one-stop" inquiry service of public credit information and early warning tips for consumption.

　　Improve the incentive mechanism of trustworthiness and disciplinary mechanism of dishonesty. Establish and improve the "red list" system of trustworthinessTo provide trustworthy enterprises with "green channels" for administrative examination and approval, reduce the frequency of supervision and other incentives, and provide trustworthy individuals with convenient services such as housing, transportation and travel.

　　Establish and improve the "blacklist" system of dishonesty, implement joint disciplinary measures such as market ban or limited service for untrustworthy subjects. Through the "Credit China" website and the national enterprise credit information publicity system, the information of "red list" and "blacklist" of trustworthiness is announced to the public.In the fields of food and medicine, which are related to the safety of people’s lives and property, we will intensify the crackdown on the sale of fake and shoddy products and impose punitive damages on market participants who infringe on consumers’ rights and interests according to law.

　　Improve the consumer rights protection mechanism

　　Further improve the function of the national 12315 Internet platform, unblock the channels for consumers to appeal, strengthen the administrative protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and establish a normalized consumer satisfaction survey and evaluation mechanism. Strengthen the judicial protection of online consumers’ rights and interests, and strengthen the construction of online cross-border consumer dispute resolution mechanism.Accelerate the legislation on personal information security and further strengthen the protection of consumers’ personal information.

　　Improve residents’ spending power and expectations

　　In terms of improving residents’ income and spending power, the Opinions put forward:

　　Improve the income distribution system that is conducive to improving residents’ spending power, increase the income of low-income groups, and expand middle-income groups.

　　Improve the macro-guidance system of enterprise wage distribution, promote collective wage negotiation according to law, and establish a wage determination mechanism and a normal growth mechanism that reflect the relationship between supply and demand in the human resources market and the economic benefits of enterprises.

　　We will improve the wage and subsidy system of government agencies and institutions, implement the distribution policy oriented to increasing knowledge value, expand the autonomy of income distribution in universities and research institutes, establish a system for investigating and comparing the wage levels of civil servants and equivalent personnel in enterprises, and promote the implementation of incentive plans for increasing income for key groups.Broaden the channels of residents’ labor income and property income.

　　Promote the implementation of the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees. Establish and improve the basic medical and health system covering urban and rural residents.

　　Encourage qualified places to explore the establishment of a social assistance mode combining cash assistance, physical assistance and assistance services for low-income groups, verify the assistance standard according to the standard of meeting basic living needs, and dynamically adjust according to the price level.

　　Improve the consumption policy system and further study and formulate policies to encourage and guide residents’ consumption.

　　Promote consumption tax legislation.

　　We will promote the reform of personal income tax, reasonably raise the basic deduction standard of personal income tax, appropriately increase special additional deductions, and gradually establish a comprehensive and classified personal income tax system.

　　We will implement preferential tax policies for life services such as health, pension and housekeeping.

　　Further enhance the supporting role of finance in promoting consumption, encourage innovation in consumer finance, standardize the development of consumer credit, and grasp the relationship between maintaining the reasonable leverage level of residents and the reasonable growth of consumer credit.

　　Encourage insurance companies to provide financing and credit enhancement support for consumer credit under the premise of controllable risks.

　　We will intensify the implementation of land use policies in the fields of culture, tourism, sports, health, old-age care and home economics.

　　(This article Source: CCTV News Comprehensive Xinhuanet)

　　【 honk 】

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and the West have launched several rounds of indiscriminate sanctions involving politics, finance, trade, science and technology, culture and other fields, which are all-round, high-intensity and complicated in frequency, which is unprecedented. In the meantime, while handing knives, the United States earned tickets, at the expense of the interests of many countries in the world and endangering the people’s livelihood in many countries, while American interest groups took advantage of the fishermen.

　　Regardless of Ukraine’s life and death, the United States continued to fuel the fire, fearing that the conflict would stop, and adopted a combination of one stone and many birds: it imposed indiscriminate sanctions on Russia with no bottom line, no ethics, no restraint and no contractual spirit, allowing American oil and gas to occupy the European market instead of Russian oil and gas, allowing Europe to take in Ukrainian refugees, thus further kidnapping Europe, so that NATO, the "abandoned child" after the end of the Cold War, finally had a chance to brush its sense of existence. In turn, it has become the "white glove" for the long arm of the United States to govern Europe and contain Russia, and to cooperate with the US dollar to raise interest rates to rush international capital to the United States, so as to alleviate the continuous rise of US inflation and national debt, and at the same time make the US military-industrial complex earn a lot of money. All these "combination punches" show that the United States is the black hand behind the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, with only one purpose, that is, to maintain the world hegemony of the United States and continue its life for hegemonism and imperialism. The indiscriminate sanctions imposed by the United States for profit have disrupted the global energy, food and financial order, which is an extreme manifestation of anti-globalization. Only the United States has benefited, but the countries and people in the world have suffered.

　　It can be asserted that the indiscriminate sanctions initiated by the United States and the West against Russia are a damaging, insidious and poisonous move against globalization. Its damage is harming the interests of all parties outside the United States; Its yin is to use the dominance of globalization to destroy globalization, reverse globalization and maintain hegemony; Its poison is in an attempt to continue the conflict between Russia and Ukraine through NATO’s five eastward expansions, pushing Russia into a desperate situation.

　　The improper use of the leading power of globalization leads to anti-globalization.

　　Globalization is an irreversible trend in today’s world. Globalization goes hand in hand with industrialization and urbanization, promoting the global layout of supply chain, industrial chain, value chain and innovation chain, promoting the formation of world city networks such as global cities, national cities and general towns, promoting the prosperity of a new world economic system composed of advanced manufacturing industries and high-end service industries with informationization, networking and intelligence, and bringing globalization dividends to countries and people all over the world; Looking ahead, the trend of globalization is still irresistible.

　　It is a just, correct and just way to conform to the trend of globalization and create and share the global dividend. This practice upholds the concept of a community of human destiny, strives to build a new global governance system, promotes the benign development of globalization, and enables all countries and people in the world to create and share the dividend of globalization.

　　Regrettably, countries that are in the leading position of globalization in today’s world have always cherished their own priority concepts. The United States does not proceed from the perspective that all countries and people in the world create and share the global dividend, but from the perspective of maximizing its own interests, and does not hesitate to use means to hinder globalization. The most commonly used is sanctions, and the most extreme is indiscriminate sanctions. In a way that harms globalization, it hinders the maximization of the creation of global dividends, while taking all the global dividends created by all countries in the world, and ultimately damages the sharing of global dividends by all countries in the world.

　　The predatory "vampire" approach will hinder globalization

　　The essence of globalization is the globalization of social division of labor, that is, the social division of labor crosses national boundaries, and arranges the supply end, industry end, value end and innovation end in different countries, and then connects these "ends" to form a "chain", thus forming a global supply chain, industrial chain, value chain and innovation chain. The premise of the smooth operation of the "chain" is to build channels connecting all parts of the world (such as goods, money, information, technology, people and other mobile channels), realize interconnection, and then form a "network"

　　The carriers of globalization are primary products and commodities, money and finance, information, science and technology, and personnel, aiming at realizing all-round and unimpeded communication, exchange and optimal allocation among countries, and creating a global dividend far higher than the sum of domestic dividends of all countries in the world. The order of globalization makes the above-mentioned channels run safely and unimpeded. To this end, the international community has jointly established world organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and their operating mechanisms, which constitute a global governance system. All this is for the purpose that all countries in the world participating in globalization jointly create and share the global dividend.

　　In the natural historical process of globalization, there are many key links, such as terminals, chains, channels, carriers and systems. These key links can not only ensure but also prevent the continuous operation, smooth flow, interlocking and orderly globalization, forming a series of "gates" and "valves" that can be opened or closed. But when to turn it on and off, and how big the switch is, often depends on who is in charge of the dominant power of globalization, and may even be used as an "anti-globalization weapon" by it, for example, US dollars, oil and gas, agricultural products, settlement channels (such as SWIFT) and so on.

　　The United States adheres to its own priority dictatorship, monopolization and exclusive enjoyment, and implements long-arm jurisdiction and indiscriminate sanctions all over the world without a bottom line, ethics and restraint, which can only curb the creation of globalization dividends. This is a "vampire-like" anti-globalization and anti-globalization practice that takes advantage of plunder and violates justice, and is the essential manifestation of hegemonism and imperialism.

　　After the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and the West imposed a series of "unconventional" and "epic-level" sanctions on Russia, the scope and intensity of which were far greater than before, which not only brought various livelihood problems to Russia but also to many countries unrelated to the conflict and their people, blocked the natural and historical process of globalization, destroyed the normal globalization order, and made the globalization dividend drop sharply.

　　A few days ago, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin revealed that some American media called the United States the only "sanctions superpower" in the world, which hit the nail on the head. He Yafei, former vice minister of foreign affairs, pointed out: "After the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and western countries imposed unprecedented severe sanctions on Russia in breadth and depth, and Russia also took countermeasures. The sanctions and anti-sanctions between the United States, the West and Russia are double-edged swords in the game of big powers, and their impact on US-Russia relations, international structure, world economy and finance, and global governance system is incalculable. "

　　Indiscriminate sanctions imposed by the United States are harmful, insidious and poisonous moves against globalization. Their root cause is hegemonism and their essence is imperialism. Opposing hegemonism is a necessary measure to safeguard the peaceful development of today’s world, deter or even put an end to the countercurrent of globalization, and promote the benign development of globalization.

　　(Author: Li Zhengtu, a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Economics, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, and vice president of China Political Economy Association)

In the current real estate market, in order to promote the healthy development of the real estate market, the government has launched a variety of policies, among which the "trade-in" policy has attracted widespread attention. This policy aims to encourage residents to replace their old houses with new ones, so as to stimulate the sales of new houses and the renewal of old houses. The following is a detailed introduction on how to operate the "trade-in" policy.

Policy background

The "trade-in" policy is a real estate incentive measure led by the government. Its main purpose is to encourage residents to replace old houses with new or renovated ones by providing certain economic subsidies or tax incentives. This will not only help to improve the living conditions of residents, but also promote the activity of the real estate market.

operating process

1. title examinationFirst of all, the applicant needs to confirm whether he meets the conditions stipulated in the policy, such as the age and area of the property. Usually, the government will publish the specific qualification requirements on the official website.

2. Evaluate the value of old housesThe applicant needs to contact a professional real estate assessment institution to evaluate the value of the old house. The evaluation results will be used as the basis for enjoying policy subsidies.

3. Choose a new houseAfter confirming the value of the old house, the applicant can choose a suitable new house according to his own needs and economic conditions.

4. Submit applicationPrepare all necessary documents, including identity certificate, real estate certificate, evaluation report, etc., and submit the "trade-in" application to the local real estate management department.

5. Audit and approval: The real estate management department will review the application materials and issue an approval notice after confirming that they are correct.

6. Transactions and subsidiesAfter approval, the applicant can sell the old house and buy the new house. After the transaction is completed, the applicant will receive corresponding subsidies according to the policy.

matters need attention

Applicants should pay attention to the following points when carrying out the "trade-in" operation:

-Ensure the authenticity and completeness of all documents, and avoid application failure due to material problems.

-Understand and compare the policy differences in different regions, and choose the most suitable policy implementation region.

-When choosing a new house, consider the future housing demand and market changes and make wise decisions.

Policy advantage

Through the "trade-in" policy, residents can not only enjoy direct economic subsidies from the government, but also improve their living quality by replacing new houses. In addition, this policy can effectively promote the healthy development of the real estate market and promote the stable economic growth.

In short, the "trade-in" policy provides a good opportunity for residents who want to improve their living conditions. Through a detailed understanding of the policy content and operation process, residents can complete the property replacement more smoothly and enjoy the multiple benefits brought by the policy.