[car home Engine Analysis] Today, with the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, many manufacturers are still insisting on the development of internal combustion engines. After all, in the domestic and even global markets, oil vehicles still have an irreplaceable position in many application scenarios. Speaking of SAIC MAXUS, many consumers may immediately think of their hard-core SUVs, pickup trucks and RV products, and today it is from SAIC MAXUS Xuanyuan Power that we want to talk about.

　　Speaking of diesel engines, in the traditional cognition of many consumers, diesel engines have the advantages of durable leather, high torque, low fuel consumption, etc., and are suitable for use on complex roads, climbing hills, heavy loads, etc., so they are also the first choice for many hard-core off-road vehicles. However, noise, pollution and other problems have also discouraged many consumers. What changes can diesel engines make in the hands of SAIC Chase engineers?

What is SAIC Chase Xuanyuan Power Technology?

　　The brand-new SUV territory of SAIC Chase MAXUS is equipped with the first diesel light hybrid power technology in Asia, which combines a 2.0T SAIC π Bi-Turbo double supercharged diesel engine, a ZF 8AT automatic transmission and a 48V hybrid architecture. The technology is named "SAIC Chase Xuanyuan Power Technology", and this diesel engine has also won the reputation of "Top Ten Engines of China Heart" in 2020.

2.0T SAIC π Bi-Turbo Dual Supercharged Diesel Engine

　　As one of the top ten engines of the year, this 2.0T twin-supercharged engine has its own good skills, and it is also the core of this Xuanyuan power. Let’s take a look at what "black technologies" it has.

　　The vehicle adopts WGT+VGT two-stage turbocharger, which is adjusted by three vacuum valves to realize the free switching between high and low pressure stages, and has three working modes, namely, the low-speed stage uses small blades, the middle-speed stage uses two blades at the same time, and the high-speed stage uses large blades, which improves the engine efficiency. When the engine speed is 1000rpm, the turbine will intervene and reach the maximum torque output at 1500rpm, which will increase the low-speed torque and power of the vehicle by 15% and 30%.

　　The water-air intercooler adopts water cooling and air cooling at the same time. Under the same air-fuel ratio, the engine power will increase by 3%~5% for every 10℃ drop in the temperature of pressurized air.

　　At the same time, this engine also applies the intelligent single-axis continuous variable vortex control valve for the first time. When the engine is in high working condition, the control valve will open a relatively flat intake port, so that air can enter the engine cylinder quickly and smoothly. When the engine is under low load, the control valve will open the air passage with spiral cross section to help the air entering the engine cylinder produce better vortex effect, so that the pressure difference of each cylinder can be less than 3%, and the air intake can be more uniform, thus making the combustion of each cylinder of the engine stable, achieving smoother power output, and reducing the emission of particles and carbon monoxide and fuel consumption.

　　This diesel engine adopts a two-stage variable oil pump, which can adjust the oil pump flow in real time according to different speed loads while meeting the oil pressure demand. Low-pressure mode is adopted at medium-low speed and medium-low load; When there is a high speed and high load demand, the high pressure mode is adopted. Through adjustment, the oil pump can run at the lowest energy consumption, thus reducing fuel consumption. Through the NEDC (New European Cycle Test) cycle test, the fuel consumption of the whole vehicle can be reduced by 2~3%;

　　In addition, this diesel engine is equipped with a double-shaft balancing mechanism and a double-loop EGR system, in which the balancing shaft is asymmetrically arranged to balance the engine covering torque, which greatly reduces the second-order vibration, makes the engine run more smoothly, and also reduces vibration and noise. The dual-loop EGR system can reduce the warm-up time, reduce fuel consumption and improve the heating effect of air conditioning. (EGR is the full name of exhaust gas recirculation system. By re-injecting some exhaust gas into the engine cylinder, the combustible mixture is diluted and the combustion efficiency is reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the working temperature of the engine, reducing Nox emission and reducing urea consumption. )

　　In addition to the above, this diesel engine also adopts Bosch’s ultra-high pressure fuel injection system, which can obtain more accurate fuel supply control, and crankshaft offset technology, which can effectively reduce the running noise and wear of the engine piston. At the same time, a number of NVH optimizations have been carried out.

48V light mixing system

? The 48V light mixing system of the vehicle adopts Valeo 48 BSG motor, with special bidirectional tensioner, and the gear train speed ratio is as high as three times, which further amplifies the output torque of 48V BSG and effectively improves the low-speed torque characteristics of diesel power. When the 48V battery is charged, the engine is started by BSG, and the vehicle starts more smoothly, the starting time is shortened from the traditional 0.6 seconds to 0.3 seconds, and the starting noise is reduced by 10-15 dB. With the assistance of the motor, the torque of the power system is increased by more than 30%, and the starting acceleration of the vehicle below the medium and small throttle of 30%-50% is increased by more than 33%; 0-100km/h acceleration time is shortened by 0.4 seconds.

　　In addition to performance, fuel economy has been further improved. Under high-speed working conditions, the surplus torque of the engine drives the 48V motor to charge and store energy. The fuel consumption under WLTC can be saved by 8%, while Nox emission can be reduced by more than 50% in RDE test at most.

The first China Cross-border E-commerce Fair was held in Fuzhou, Fujian this year. Buyers learned about the products on display in front of a 3C product booth. Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Shanchuan photo

Starting from September, the parcels collected through the warehouses in Yiwu or Shenzhen’s core industrial belt can fly directly to Southeast Asian destinations from the nearest air port. "Most parcels can be delivered door-to-door in 3 days, and can be delivered to consumers within 48 hours at the earliest.".

This is the cross-border express logistics service from China to Xinmatai officially launched by Best International in China International Fair for Trade in Services in 2021 not long ago. The business accurately points to the trend of multi-polarization of cross-border e-commerce in Southeast Asia, showing that China’s cross-border e-commerce continues to maintain a good momentum and has become a new fulcrum in the rapid growth of foreign trade.

"From January to June this year, the import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce was 886.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 28.6%." At the Cross-border E-commerce Forum of "2021 China E-commerce Conference" held recently, Zhang Li, deputy director of the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said that cross-border e-commerce has become a new foreign trade format with the fastest development, the greatest potential and the strongest leading role in China.

Stimulate market vitality

In recent years, under the background of the deep integration of the Internet and economic globalization, the global trade format has undergone major changes, and the new economic form of "digital trade" represented by cross-border e-commerce has achieved rapid development from scratch and from small to large.

Zhang Dawei, vice chairman and secretary general of China International Economic Exchange Center, said recently that China’s series of measures to support the development of cross-border e-commerce have greatly stimulated the market vitality of cross-border e-commerce, played a pulling role in the global cross-border e-commerce market, and enabled countless small and medium-sized enterprises and practitioners to directly integrate into the global industrial chain supply chain and directly enter the global consumer market.

"Cross-border e-commerce is favored by consumers around the world with its unique advantages of low cost, high efficiency and breakthrough in time and space." Hong Yong, an associate researcher at the E-commerce Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, said that in recent years, the scale of cross-border electronic commerce transactions in China has continued to grow, and it has become a new kinetic energy for foreign trade development, a new channel for transformation and upgrading, and a new starting point for high-quality development.

Sang Baichuan, president of university of international business and economics Institute of International Economics, believes that with the help of the Internet platform, new trade modes such as cross-border e-commerce have greatly satisfied the information symmetry between the supply and demand sides, and also improved the efficiency of bilateral trade. At the same time, because China’s product system is complete, it can provide products to other countries on a large scale and in a concentrated way, reducing import and export costs, thus meeting the needs of consumers and investors. It can be said that a large number of products with high quality and good price are also the reasons for the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce in China.

Last year, when the COVID-19 epidemic had a profound impact on the global supply chain and traditional economic and trade activities, cross-border e-commerce in China bucked the trend, achieving an annual import and export volume of 1.69 trillion yuan, up 31.1% year-on-year, nearly 10 times the scale five years ago, which strongly supported the growth of China’s import and export trade. In July this year, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of New Foreign Trade Forms and Models", which once again released major favorable policies in the field of cross-border e-commerce.

Improve the institutional framework

Since 2015, China has set up 105 cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zones in five batches, covering basically the whole country. The scale of the "experimental field" where cross-border e-commerce is tried first has been continuously expanded, and the development pattern of land and sea linkage and two-way mutual assistance between east and west has been further improved.

"The Ministry of Commerce and other departments have formed nearly 70 mature experiences and practices through active exploration, and built a cross-border e-commerce system framework with’ six systems and two platforms’ as the core." Hong Yong said that, for example, China’s customs declaration mode of "list verification and summary statistics" has improved customs clearance efficiency, and cross-border e-commerce tax preferential policies such as approved collection have greatly reduced the burden on enterprises. The scope of cross-border e-commerce B2B export supervision pilot and retail import pilot continued to expand. The list of cross-border e-commerce retail imports was further optimized to better meet domestic consumer demand. In addition, a series of regulations on the management of cross-border e-commerce import and export returns have been issued, which makes it more convenient for consumers to return goods.

According to Wei Hao, a professor at the School of Economics and Business Administration of Beijing Normal University and director of the Department of International Economics and Trade, the support policies for cross-border e-commerce should focus on the pain points and difficulties in the development of cross-border e-commerce and put forward pragmatic measures that meet the expectations of enterprises. "We must not only solve the short-term problems that restrict development, but also pay attention to the improvement of infrastructure and mechanisms for long-term development."

In the short term, we should attach great importance to the construction of overseas warehouses, focus on strengthening subject cultivation, promoting digital development, strengthening standard construction and improving overseas warehouse network, and support the construction of overseas warehouses with various investment and financing methods and increasing export credit insurance. In addition, it is necessary to constantly improve the management policies for cross-border e-commerce import and export returns and ease the operating pressure of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.

In the long run, it is necessary to study and formulate intellectual property protection policies for cross-border e-commerce, improve various support policies such as finance and taxation, vigorously cultivate large-scale international logistics enterprises, explore the construction of overseas logistics intelligent platforms, build independent large-scale international e-commerce platforms, and strengthen infrastructure construction, so as to lay a solid foundation for the long-term development of cross-border e-commerce.

Dealing with development risks

At present, China’s cross-border e-commerce has also encountered some bottlenecks in its overseas development. Due to the different laws, cultures and business habits of different countries, cross-border e-commerce businesses will encounter various risks and challenges.

"This is an inevitable problem in the development of the industry." Hong Yong said that some cross-border e-commerce merchants were forced to be removed from the cross-border e-commerce platform on a large scale because they were suspected of violating the rules of the platform by brushing bills and comments. In addition, affected by the rebound of COVID-19 epidemic, the international shipping price has been rising, and the profits of cross-border e-commerce enterprises have also been severely squeezed.

"These problems highlight the unstable foundation for the stable development, rapid development and long-term development of cross-border e-commerce in China, the imperfect mechanism and system, and the development environment still needs to be optimized." Wei Hao believes that the main reasons for these problems are the lack of independent e-commerce platform, especially the support of a large platform with a large international market share, insufficient international logistics and transportation capacity suitable for the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce, insufficient understanding of relevant rules in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, need to pay more attention to intellectual property protection, and lack of awareness and ability to deal with international risks.

Wei Hao said that we should speed up the construction of cross-border e-commerce online integrated service platform to reduce the burden on enterprises and improve efficiency; It is necessary to attach great importance to regulatory issues such as risk prevention and control, standardize the development of the industry, and enhance the ability of the industry to cope with risks; Steadily promote the construction of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone, provide a leading role for the future development of cross-border e-commerce, and actively copy and promote the mature experience and practices of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive experimental zone to the whole country.

Speaking of the future development of cross-border e-commerce, Hong Yong believes that we should focus on the functions of overseas warehouses, the protection of intellectual property rights and the establishment of international rules for cross-border e-commerce. At present, most overseas warehouses do not have the functions of providing customs clearance services, supply chain financial services, after-sales services and personalized services. At the same time, some products of cross-border e-commerce sellers involved in intellectual property infringement, which also affected the overall image of China sellers to some extent. Due to the different development priorities and interests of cross-border e-commerce in different countries, no unified international rules for cross-border e-commerce have yet been formed. China should actively participate in international exchanges and rules exploration of cross-border e-commerce, and launch the "China Program" for cross-border e-commerce in the multi-bilateral cooperation mechanism. (Reporter Feng Qiyu Ji Leilei)

　　Cctv newsOn April 23rd, 2020, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the development of intellectual property rights in China in 2019 and answer questions from reporters.

　　The reporter asked what new progress has been made in the construction of China’s intellectual property operation system in 2019.

　　Shen Changyu, director of China National Intellectual Property Administration, said that intellectual property work is a chain, which includes creation, protection, application, management and service. Creation is the source, application is the purpose, protection is the core and management is the key. Among them, application is a very important purpose of intellectual property, and it is a key link to promote the realization of intellectual property value and promote economic innovation and development. Relevant statistics show that in recent years, China’s comprehensive development index of intellectual property rights has been continuously improved, and the application of intellectual property rights has made remarkable progress.

　　In 2019, the number of patent transfer, licensing and pledge operations nationwide reached 307,000, a year-on-year increase of 21.3%. The amount of patent and trademark pledge financing reached 151.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%. The turnover of technology contracts involving intellectual property rights in China reached 928.69 billion yuan, up 137.7% year-on-year. A number of intellectual property operation projects and platforms are also accelerating. By the end of 2019, the number of key cities for the construction of intellectual property operation service system has increased to 26, and 9 national intellectual property operation platforms have listed 121,000 pieces of various intellectual property rights, with 284,000 registered users. The construction of intellectual property operation system has achieved new results.

Double 11 has passed, and the upcoming Double 12 is the last shopping carnival this year, which may also be the last opportunity to buy a machine this year.

However, many students may have no choice in the face of hundreds of notebooks on the market. In fact, for students, if they don’t play games, if they only meet the needs of online classes, office, study and online entertainment, they can actually buy a notebook with good quality at a very cheap price.

Next, we will introduce you to four thin and light books, including the 11th generation Celeron processor and the 10th generation i3 processor+high color gamut 2.2K screen. Their prices are only 1699 yuan at the cheapest and 2299 yuan at the most expensive.

1. Climb MaxBook P1X 15.6 inches: 1699 yuan.

Climbing MaxBook P1X is an upgraded version of MaxBook P1. The biggest change is that the memory has been upgraded from 8GB of P1 to 12GB. This capacity should last for many years if it is purely office. At the same time of upgrading, the price has also decreased. At present, it only needs 1699 yuan to get it.

The A and D sides of Climbing MaxBook P1 notebook are made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, and the B side is made of tempered glass, with a 15.6-inch IPS screen and an IPS HD screen with a resolution of 1920*1080. The overall net weight is 1.6kg.

In terms of configuration, it is equipped with J4125 quad-core processor, 12GB DDR4 memory and 256GB M.2 SSD. Built-in lithium polymer battery with capacity of 5000mAH can support 8 hours of web video battery life when fully charged.

These years, notebooks with numeric keypads are rarely seen.

Climbing MaxBook P1 notebook is equipped with J4125 quad-core processor, code-named Gemini Lake. It adopts 4-core and 4-thread design, with basic frequency of 2.0GHz and acceleration frequency of 2.7GHz, integrated with UHD600 core display, and TDP of 10W.

In terms of performance, the multithreading score of J4125 processor CineBench R15 is 286cb, which is higher than that of i3 7100U’s 260cb. Therefore, the performance of this processor is sufficient for office, entertainment or online classes.

Climb MaxBook P1X Purchase Link: https://item.jd.com/100015147663.html

2. Climb MaxBook P2 15.6 inches: 1,749 yuan.

If you think that the 10th generation Celeron J4125 processor can’t meet your requirements, then climbing MaxBook P2 15.6-inch notebook is very suitable for you.

The current price of this climbing MaxBook P2 is 2149, and the spike price of the 12.12 event is only 2119 yuan.

Climbing MaxBook P2 15.6-inch notebook adopts the 11th generation Celeron N5100 processor, and its manufacturing process has been upgraded to the latest 10nm, with a fundamental frequency of 1.1GHz and an acceleration frequency as high as 2.8GHz. It supports dual-channel LPDDR4 2400MHz memory, and the TDP is only 6W.

As an upgraded version of Climbing MaxBook P1, Climbing MaxBook P2 15.6-inch notebook has gone further in thinness while maintaining the same screen size. The thickest part of the notebook body is only 16.8mm, with a net weight of 1.5kg, and the full-size numeric keypad has also been retained.

Another point is that this notebook supports fingerprint unlocking. At present, only climbing computers can support fingerprint unlocking in notebooks below 3,000 yuan.

In other aspects, the notebook can use PD charging head, which can be used as mobile phone fast charging, built-in dual-frequency Wi-Fi and 6000mAh lithium polymer battery.

Purchase link: https://item.jd.com/10036063532026.html

3. Climbing SmartBook P1 Pro+ 13.5-inch notebook: 2,299 yuan.

Climbing SmartBook series notebooks are high-quality and light-weight notebooks created by climbing computers for the mainstream market.

Climbing the SmartBook P1 Pro+ notebook is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy to create an extremely thin body, and the thickest part of the notebook is only 1.74cm with a net weight of 1.4kg. The screen is a 3: 2 13.5-inch IPS display with 100%sRGB color gamut, 300nit brightness, 2256×1504 resolution and pixels per inch 201PPI.

This notebook adopts the 10th generation i3 1005G1 processor, and is manufactured based on 10nm process technology. The basic frequency is 1.2GHz, the acceleration frequency is 3.4GHz, and the TDP is 15w.

There is no doubt about the performance of the processor based on Ice Lake architecture, and both office and online classes can have a very smooth experience.

In other configurations, Climb SmartBook P1 Pro+ notebook has built-in 8GB memory and 256GB SSD, keyboard supports LED backlight, and 2 gears are adjustable. Fingerprint login and PD charging head are not left behind.

Climbing SmartBook P1 Pro+ notebook is currently holding a promotion on the JD.COM platform, with the original price of 2,999 yuan and the current spike price of 2,699 yuan. Counting the coupons from 200 yuan and the cash back from 200 yuan, the actual hand price is only 2,299 yuan, which is even cheaper than that in double 11, 100 yuan.

Purchase link: https://item.jd.com/10036456826721.html

4. Climb the SmartBook D1 13.3 inch, 10th generation i3 1.18kg2,299 yuan.

The configuration and price of Climbing SmartBook D1 are very similar to Climbing SmartBook P1 Pro+, but the biggest difference is that Climbing Smart Book D1′ s 13.3-inch net weight is only 1.18kg, which is about 0.2kg lighter than that of SmartBook P1 Pro+.

The fuselage of Climbing SmartBook D1 is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, the thickest part is only 15mm, and the weight is 1.18kg Even girls can easily pick it up.

The screen is a 13.3-inch IPS display with 5mm narrow borders on three sides, with a resolution of 1920*1080 and a 99% sRGB color gamut.

The CPU is also the 10th generation i3 1005G1 processor, which is based on 10nm process technology, with a fundamental frequency of 1.2GHz, an acceleration frequency of 3.4GHz and a TDP of 15w. Meet the daily office and entertainment without any problems.

In addition, there is a storage configuration of 8GB memory+256GB SSD, which supports fingerprint unlocking, and the battery capacity is 47Wh, so it is not a big problem to use it without plugging in for one day.

This notebook is currently being spiked on the JD.COM platform, with a spike price of 2,888 yuan. If you buy it from 20: 00 to 21: 00 on December 11th, you can enjoy the full discount coupon from 200 yuan and the cash-filled red envelopes from 300+100 yuan, and the lowest price is 2,299 yuan.

This should be the cheapest notebook with 10 generations of IceLake processors under 1.2kg weight.

Purchase link: https://item.jd.com/10025061692732.html

– THE END –

Please indicate the source: fast technology.

# Notebook # Double 12# Climb

　　The new Newcastle disease vaccine with gene VII is the first Newcastle disease vaccine with independent intellectual property rights in China, and it is also the first vaccine to effectively prevent and control Newcastle disease in geese, which can simultaneously prevent Newcastle disease in chickens and geese. At the beginning of this year, this achievement won the second prize of the National Technology Invention Award at the 2019 National Science and Technology Awards Conference.

　　Leading this work is Liu Xiufan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor at Yangzhou University. He believes that human health, animal health and ecological environment health are a whole, and we need to practice the concept of "one health".

　　Half a century of scientific research, "fighting" with animal diseases

　　Liu Xiufan, who is 79 years old this year, still shows amazing scientific research creativity. He graduated from Subei Agricultural College in 1965, majoring in veterinary medicine, and has been "fighting" with animal diseases for more than half a century.

　　One winter day in 1965, three cows "Baobei" of a production team in gaoyou county, Jiangsu Province suffered from organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, which made them seriously ill. After the diagnosis, Liu Xiufan, who just graduated and stayed in school, quickly removed the pesticides from the cattle and gave an antidote. A few days later, the poisoned cow recovered. "This is my first home visit after graduation. Simple farmers will not express their gratitude with too many words, but just hold my hand tightly and refuse to let go." Liu Xiufan said.

　　In 1980, Liu Xiufan was selected by the Ministry of Education to go to the United States for further study, and successively studied veterinary biotechnology at Michigan State University and the Poultry Research Institute of the US Department of Agriculture. "When I first arrived in the United States, the director of the International Exchange Center, who helped me with the formalities, saw my resume and said that you studied veterinary medicine, so he called me Doctor and called other visiting scholars Mister." It was only this little bit unusual that made Liu Xiufan feel very happy at that time: "In foreign countries, veterinary medicine is a very respected profession, and it is great to study veterinary medicine."

　　In addition to taking courses related to veterinary medicine, Liu Xiufan also specializes in the study of monoclonal antibodies against Marek’s disease in chickens. "In the end, I successfully developed a monoclonal antibody against Marek’s disease in chickens, which became the standard reagent for international serotyping." Liu Xiufan said that in less than three years after returning to China, he took the lead in applying monoclonal antibody technology to the research and control of animal diseases. "More than 100 kinds of monoclonal antibodies with different epitopes of seven pathogens such as Marek’s disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and avian influenza virus have been developed. The study of monoclonal antibodies not only fills the gap in China, but also reaches the advanced level of similar research in the world. "

　　"Newcastle disease, commonly known as chicken plague, is one of the two most serious infectious diseases that endanger the global poultry industry, just like highly pathogenic avian influenza." Liu Xiufan said that the incidence and mortality of Newcastle disease is as high as 100%, and it has been listed as a legally reported animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health.

　　Liu Xiufan said that vaccine immunization is an important method to prevent and control Newcastle disease. The infection rate of Newcastle disease virus in chickens in China is high, and all chickens are vaccinated at high frequency. The most widely used is the gene II LaSota vaccine introduced from abroad. "However, since the 1990s, the epidemic characteristics of Newcastle disease in China have changed greatly, and atypical Newcastle disease is still common in chickens vaccinated with LaSota vaccine at high frequency."

　　Grinding a sword in eighteen years to create the first Newcastle disease vaccine in China

　　In the late 1990s, Liu Xiufan’s team launched an epidemiological survey to conduct molecular epidemiological research on Newcastle disease virus in China.

　　"By analyzing the genotypes of more than 1,500 Newcastle disease virus isolates, we first discovered the genome length characteristics of Newcastle disease virus type VII, which proved that more than 95% of the virulent Newcastle disease viruses prevalent in chickens and geese are genotype VII, which has no host specificity and can be cross-infected." Liu Xiufan said.

　　Why does gene ⅶ Newcastle disease virus cause a serious epidemic? Liu Xiufan’s team further revealed the pathogenic mechanism of gene VII Newcastle disease virus. "Gene VII Newcastle disease virus will cause serious damage to the immune organs of chickens and geese, leading to their immunosuppression. The commonly used LaSota vaccine does not match the genotype and antigenicity of gene VII Newcastle disease virus, and its ability to clear the virus is weak, resulting in the frequent occurrence of atypical Newcastle disease in chickens and the outbreak of goose Newcastle disease. " After finding out the culprit, developing a new vaccine as soon as possible has become a top priority for Liu Xiufan.

　　Since 2001, from more than 200 epidemic strains of Newcastle disease virus type VII, the team has screened and obtained a strain with high reproductive titer, strong immunogenicity and good cross-protection in chicken embryos as a donor, constructed an infectious clone containing the full-length genome of the strain, and pioneered the reverse genetic technology platform for directly weakening the virulent Newcastle disease virus type VII in the world, breaking through the technical bottleneck that conventional means cannot weaken the virulent Newcastle disease virus type VII.

　　In 2006, Liu Xiufan’s team successfully invented gene VII Newcastle disease vaccine strain A-NDV-VII, which is the first gene VII vaccine strain in the world and the first Newcastle disease vaccine strain with independent intellectual property rights in China. Compared with the performance parameters of the international common vaccine strain LaSota, the vaccine strain has weaker virulence and better immunogenicity, the titer of antibody produced after immunization is more than 4 times, and the virus removal ability is more than 10 times. It can be used not only for chickens but also for geese. "When the vaccine strain is created, we have the’ seed’ to develop the vaccine." Liu Xiufan said with a smile.

　　Using the invented attenuated strain A-NDV-VII as seed virus, the team developed the first registered inactivated vaccine of Newcastle disease virus type VII in the world, which solved the major problem of Newcastle disease prevention and control in chickens and geese in China. In 2014, the vaccine obtained the national first-class new veterinary drug certificate. Since its introduction, the vaccine has produced and sold a total of 7.51 billion feathers, which has been popularized and applied in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, increasing the efficiency of aquaculture enterprises by more than 5 billion yuan and achieving remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits. "We should treat the health of the ecological environment as a whole." Liu Xiufan said.

　　Human beings have gained experience in the struggle against previous plagues.

　　The history of mankind is also a history of fighting the plague. Liu Xiufan said that in history, smallpox, plague, flu and other plagues have claimed hundreds of millions of lives and caused painful disasters to mankind. In the struggle against previous plagues, mankind has gained valuable experience and defeated the epidemic. In recent years, the emerging Nipah virus, SARS virus, MERS virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have attracted great attention and attention. "We may face new viruses in the future."

　　"When dealing with a new virus, we must first take quick emergency measures to control and eliminate the source of infection, cut off the route of virus transmission, protect susceptible groups, and prevent the spread of the virus from expanding." Liu Xiufan said that at the same time, it is necessary to systematically carry out epidemiological research, pathogenic mechanism and immune mechanism research, and carry out joint research to develop new diagnostic methods and effective prevention and control products.

　　Liu Xiufan said that the H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus that appeared after 2013 infected people. The virus was the product of multiple subtype avian influenza viruses, and its internal genes were all derived from H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus. "Although the probability of infection with avian influenza virus in the exposed population is very low, we must strengthen the monitoring of avian influenza virus to prevent the virus from mutating and spreading from person to person, triggering a new influenza epidemic. Therefore, the control of avian influenza is not only economically important, but also plays an important role in public health. "

　　Meeting point reporter Wang Tuo correspondent Lu.

foreword

It has been more than three years since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic; It has been two years since the establishment of the National CDC in May 2021.

Before May, there was little news about the establishment and promotion of provincial disease control bureaus, and the overall work progress was very slow. However, in May this year, especially in the recent period, under the pressure and urging of the relevant state departments, many provinces put up the brands of the disease prevention and control bureaus of their respective provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government before the deadline.

This series of actions and information gives us the feeling that "the brand should be hung out first, and the requirements of this time node should be completed before deadline. As for the three-set plan, internal organization, specific work and other contents, let’s wait for the next node to talk about it slowly. As for the reform of the disease control system, who knows?"

挂个牌子也许是疾控局成立，或者说疾控体系改革最简单的内容了，可是然后呢？疾控体系改革就结束了？疾控体系改革就这些吗？

当然不是，疾控体系改革任重道远，道阻且长，目前疾控体系改革尚没有看到太多的实质性进展，疾控局的成立只是个开始。

疾控体系改革必须以解决其存在的4个主要问题——能力不强、机制不活、动力不足、防治不紧密为导向。这是一个艰难的过程，我们只能在不断的探索和实践中寻找最适合我们的那条疾病预防控制的健康之路。

01、国家疾控局成立过程 　

我们首先把时间拨回新冠疫情发生后的第一个全国两会，2020年全国两会。

2020年5月24日下午，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在参加十三届全国人大三次会议湖北代表团审议时强调，防范化解重大疫情和突发公共卫生风险，事关国家安全和发展，事关社会政治大局稳定。要坚持整体谋划、系统重塑、全面提升，改革疾病预防控制体系，提升疫情监测预警和应急响应能力，健全重大疫情救治体系，完善公共卫生应急法律法规，深入开展爱国卫生运动，着力从体制机制层面理顺关系、强化责任。

In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, on April 28th, 2021, the State Council appointed and dismissed national staff, and appointed Wang Hesheng, deputy director of the National Health and Wellness Commission, as the director of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention. Subsequently, the National CDC was established, and it took nearly a year before the "three-set plan" of the National CDC was released.

Established by listing:On May 13th, 2021, the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention was officially listed, which belongs to the deputy ministerial level managed by National Health Commission. It will be responsible for formulating policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and public health supervision, guiding the construction of disease prevention and control system, planning and guiding the construction of epidemic monitoring and early warning system, guiding the construction of scientific research system for disease control, public health supervision and management, and supervision of infectious diseases, which means that the functions of disease control institutions have changed from simply preventing and controlling diseases to comprehensively maintaining and promoting the health of the whole population.

The "three-set plan" was announced:On February 16th, 2022, China Organization Network published the Provisions on the Functional Allocation, Internal Structure and Staffing of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention and the Notice of the General Office of the State Council, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on Adjusting the Functional Allocation, Internal Structure and Staffing of the National Health and Wellness Committee on February 16th, making it clear that the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention is a national bureau under the management of the National Health and Wellness Committee and is a vice-ministerial unit. At the same time, it stipulates the function allocation, internal structure and staffing of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, and adjusts the internal structure of the National Health and Wellness Committee.

It only took more than three months for the national medical insurance bureau to go from listing to "three decisions"And in the "transition period" of more than three months, we also made high-profile actions: centralized collection of anticancer drugs and medical insurance access negotiations, management of medicines and medical behaviors, and investigation of management of high-value medical consumables, which frequently caused waves in the industry, and we can’t wait for the announcement of the three-set plan to start the reform process.

The overall progress of the National CDC is in sharp contrast with it:It has been nearly nine months since the listing of the National CDC to the announcement of the final plan, and in these nine months, except for the addition of a deputy director, there is almost no official action of any institution.

02、Establishment process of provincial disease control bureaus 　

At the beginning of the establishment of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Province took the lead in announcing the overall framework for the establishment of provincial, municipal and county disease control bureaus: "Systematically promote the reform of the province’s disease control and prevention system; Establish a provincial-level disease prevention and control bureau, and set up municipal and county-level disease prevention and control bureaus based on the health and health departments at the same level. " In August 2021, Fujian Provincial Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention (to be established) was unveiled in Fuzhou.

In addition, there was almost no progress in the provinces. Until this May, due to various factors, the "deadline" was finally determined.The provincial disease control bureaus are required to complete the listing before the end of May.. Ever since, almost every day, provinces have announced the listing of CDC, and the listing of CDC in various places has accelerated.

It is expected that at the request of relevant departments, the "three-set plan" of the disease control bureaus in cities, counties and districts throughout the province and the disease control bureaus may also be set within 2 months.

03、The ideas and responsibilities of setting up the CDC have been basically clear. 　

Country:The National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention was established. The National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention is a national bureau managed by the National Health and Wellness Committee, with 170 administrative staff at the deputy ministerial level. There are 1 director, 4 deputy directors and 32 deputy directors. There are 10 departments, including comprehensive department, planning, finance and regulation department, monitoring and early warning department, emergency response department, infectious disease prevention and control department, health and immunization planning department, comprehensive supervision department I, comprehensive supervision department II, science, technology, education and international cooperation department (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan office) and government party committee (personnel department).

Provincial level:According to the central model, the provincial CDC is established, which is generally the deputy department level with different offices, and the director of the CDC is also the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission.

Cities and counties:Under normal circumstances, there is a CDC in the Health and Health Commission, and the director of the CDC is also the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission at the same level.

From the perspective of responsibilities, the main responsibilities of the provincial CDC include:To organize the formulation of draft regulations, policies, plans and standards for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and public health supervision; Leading the professional work of disease control institutions at all levels in the province, organizing the implementation of the national immunization program, overall planning and supervising the disease control work of infectious disease medical institutions and other medical institutions; Planning and guiding the construction of an epidemic monitoring and early warning system for infectious diseases, and being responsible for the work related to the epidemic response of infectious diseases; Cooperate to guide the construction of scientific research system for disease control; Responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, environmental sanitation, school sanitation, public place sanitation, drinking water sanitation supervision and management, occupational hygiene and radiation hygiene supervision.

Judging from the public information, the positions of "chief officers" of provincial CDC can be roughly divided into two categories:In some areas, the former responsible comrades of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention were promoted to the director of the Bureau of Disease Control and entered the party group of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, and in some areas, the responsible comrades of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee who were in charge of disease control and prevention were held.

04、There is not much substantial progress in the reform of disease control system. 　

At least for now, there is no substantial progress in the reform of the disease control system.

The listing of CDC has little to do with the main problems of China’s centers for disease control and prevention at present. The establishment of CDC is to sort out the disease prevention and control system to a greater extent, or even to reorganize and adjust the functions within the health care system.There is still a lot of room for efforts to meet the requirements of "persisting in overall planning, reshaping the system, comprehensively improving and reforming the disease prevention and control system".

However, the establishment of the CDC can be regarded as the beginning of the reform of the CDC system. Straightening out the system and mechanism, clarifying the functional orientation, speeding up the reform of the CDC institutions at the provincial, municipal and county levels, solving the main problems existing in the CDC system, and speeding up the improvement of the CDC system have become the next key tasks and tasks put forward by all localities.

At the same time, we can also see that even if there is not much substantive content, it is more about the adjustment and adequacy of departmental functions. The establishment process of the National CDC and local CDC has been slow and difficult, and the reform of the entire CDC system can be imagined.

05、Four key issues in the reform of disease control system 　

Many people inside and outside the industry have said that China’s disease control system has problems such as low treatment and serious brain drain, but in the final analysis,At present, there are four main problems in the prevention and control system of physical diseases in China: weak ability, inflexible mechanism, insufficient motivation and loose prevention and control.

Therefore, in order to make substantial progress in the reform of disease control system, we must start with these four main problems.

1, the ability is not strong

Question:

The ability is not strong, and we don’t have to admit that the ability of disease control system is not strong, especially in some districts and counties, the overall ability is generally not strong, and the personal ability is generally weak.

Because of insufficient preparation or because of the positioning and treatment of grassroots disease control, it is impossible to recruit highly educated talents, resulting in fewer grassroots disease control personnel and fewer professional business personnel, which leads to poor overall ability. Secondly, from the perspective of personal ability, many people’s business ability is also relatively general. A CDC with strong ability is often one or two people, and then more tasks can only be pressed on the shoulders of these two people, resulting inCapable people are busier and don’t get much, and those who can’t are more idle and more chaotic..

Ideas:

The disease control system should have a set of assessment and evaluation mechanism in line with its own reality, which must be operable, and then be assessed regularly. Of course, it needs to be clear,This assessment is not only for the staff of the CDC, but also for every link of the CDC system.From the staff of community health service centers to the staff of medical institutions who are responsible for the online reporting of infectious diseases and the corresponding responsibilities of public health, from the staff of CDC to the staff of CDC, the staff of CDC should be assessed accordingly.

The assessment content should include the completion of the government’s public health functions and public welfare tasks undertaken by disease control institutions at all levels, the completion of the guidance and supervision tasks undertaken by regional medical institutions, and the improvement of residents’ health indicators in the jurisdiction. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the application of assessment results, and take the assessment results as an important basis for the appointment and dismissal of personnel, the evaluation of the first, the total salary and the approval of reward performance in CDC, and link them with the performance, further study and promotion of CDC staff.

All of the above, if gradually promoted and formed a set of practical things, will be very effective for the improvement of the overall system capacity, of course, this process is very difficult.

2, the mechanism is not alive

Question:

Because the disease control system is a part of the system to a large extent, this leads to many restrictions, unlike companies in a market economy, which are flexible and efficient.

Ideas:

First of all, it needs to be explained that the disease control system will never completely become a company under the market economy, which is determined by its nature. However, it is still possible to learn from each other’s strengths, and the purpose is to make the development of disease control system, especially human resources for disease control, become living water.

As implemented in some areasThe system of "chief public health expert" is a good example.The system of "chief public health experts" can be implemented for disease control at least above the municipal level, and the chief public health experts of epidemic disease, exemption from regulations, virus and disinfection are selected in a scientific and reasonable way. This is one of the measures to strengthen the construction of public health talents, provide talent guarantee for the construction of public health system, set up "chief experts" for disease control based on scientific research, talents and foreign exchanges, and build "hard power" for disease control personnel.

On March 31st, at the provincial conference on disease prevention and control system in 2023, Hao Yibin, director of Henan CDC, said:

At present, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province is setting up a chief expert system, which encourages senior experts with rich experience in scientific research and business management to be full-time "chief public health experts" by enjoying favorable conditions such as retaining the original administrative post treatment and special retirement and re-employment policy, empowering inter-departmental scientific research teams and providing sufficient scientific research funds.

In addition, should be established.Practice-oriented evaluation mechanism of public health talents, the implementation of classified assessment. Promote and strengthen the cooperation between disease control institutions at all levels and the college of public health in personnel training, personnel mutual employment, platform co-construction, data sharing, etc., create a demonstration base for public health personnel training in cooperation between schools and localities, and jointly cultivate applied professionals in public health.

At the same time, we should also increase the decision-making power of disease control institutions at all levels, reform the evaluation criteria of professional titles, and reasonably increase the proportion of middle and senior positions in disease control institutions. Improve the system of public health doctors, cultivate and expand the team of public health doctors, and explore giving public health doctors the right to prescribe.

3. Lack of motivation:

Question:

To put it bluntly, the disease control system is too poor and the income is too low. This is the root of many problems, because the income is low, so we can’t attract talents and can’t keep talents, so our ability is not strong; Because of the low income, more work and less work, they gradually began to muddle along and began to make no progress.

Ideas:

Tianjin CDC, Wuhan CDC, etc. have publicized the foreign services that they can charge for. For example, Tianjin CDC has launched 72 foreign technical services, which can provide a variety of health services for individuals and families, and provide entrusted testing services (23) and public health technical services (49) for the government and relevant departments, enterprises and institutions, and social organizations.

The project specifically includes the detection of water, air, food, etc.Communication and defense officeIt can provide technical support and policy consultation related to infectious disease prevention and control, theme planning activities of health science popularization day related to infectious disease prevention and control, and production of health science popularization videos.Exemption officeCan provide vaccination related policy advice and technical support, vaccination knowledge training. All these provide ideas for other disease control institutions.

The reform of disease control should explore and promote the "first-class security and second-class management" and implement it in detail.Two permits",allowing disease control institutions to break through the current wage control level of public institutions, allowing medical and health technical services to be provided on the basis of completing the approved tasks, and further stimulating the endogenous motivation of disease control institutions. While implementing the policy of full financial security, we should establish a new operating mechanism that combines security with incentives and conforms to the characteristics of disease control institutions, give them internal distribution autonomy and stimulate their operational vitality.

4, prevention and control is not close

Question:

To tell the truth, this is the most difficult to solve. Even after the establishment of the CDC, the separation between prevention and treatment may be more serious.This seems to be seen from the monitoring of the new crown infection virus.

Ideas:

For disease prevention and control, if prevention and control are to be closer,It is necessary to make clear the responsibilities that all kinds of medical institutions and medical administration departments at all levels should and must undertake in disease prevention and control.At the same time, the mechanism of personnel communication, information communication, resources communication and supervision and supervision is also established between disease control and medical care, and the disease control work is promoted to be included in the performance appraisal content of medical and health institutions.

In addition, it is necessary to establish an innovative supervision, assessment and evaluation mechanism for disease control institutions to medical institutions, and explore the establishment of a full-time and part-time disease control supervisor system in medical and health institutions to supervise the development of disease prevention and control, and urge the implementation of reporting responsibilities for infectious diseases and public health emergencies. For example, whether the infected cases in COVID-19 were reported realistically, such as whether fever of unknown origin was reported in time.

The reform of disease control system has a long way to go, and all key measures of reform and development must be supported by governments at all levels and relevant departments before they can take effect.

Everything has just begun, and China’s disease control system needs to focus on the long-term, overall planning, layout of the future, and embark on a road of public health governance with China characteristics.

write　| CDC disease control person

Proofreading　|　Gddra　

read and edit　|　Hide / Blue sea

Edit design　|　　Alice

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a typhoon red warning at 10: 00 on July 26th: the center of Typhoon DOKSURI (super typhoon level) No.5 this year was located at 8: 00 a.m. on the 26th in the south of bashi channel, about 350 kilometers south of Taiwan Province, China, which was 18.8 degrees north latitude and 121.3 degrees east longitude, and the maximum wind force near the center was 17 (58. The lowest air pressure in the center is 925 hectopascals, the radius of the seventh-level wind circle is 300-450 kilometers, the radius of the tenth-level wind circle is 120-180 kilometers, and the radius of the twelfth-level wind circle is 90-120 kilometers.

　　It is estimated that Du Surui will move to the northwest at a speed of 10-15 kilometers per hour, with little change in intensity. It will move into the northeastern part of the South China Sea from the night of 26th to the morning of 27th, and then gradually approach the coastal areas from Fuqing, Fujian to Huilai, Guangdong, and will land in the above coastal areas from the morning of 28th to the morning, with the maximum possibility of landing in Jinjiang, Fujian to the coastal areas at the junction of Fujian and Guangdong (strong typhoon level, 42-48m/s, 14-).

　　Gale forecast:From 14: 00 on the 26th to 14: 00 on the 27th, there will be 6-8 winds and 9-10 gusts in bashi channel, the east of Taiwan Province, the northeastern and southern seas of the South China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait, the southern part of the East China Sea, Taiwan Province Island and its coastal areas and Fujian coastal areas. Among them, the winds in bashi channel, the waters east of the northeastern South China Sea, the waters south of the Taiwan Province Strait and the southern coastal areas of Taiwan Province Island can reach 9-12 and the gusts are 13-15.

　　Precipitation forecast:From 14: 00 on the 26th to 14: 00 on the 27th, there were heavy rainstorms in parts of eastern Zhejiang and Taiwan Province Island, among which there were heavy rainstorms (100-150 mm) in parts of southeastern coastal areas of Zhejiang and heavy rainstorms (250-400 mm) in parts of eastern and southern Taiwan Province Island.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

　　2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

　　4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow, and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time.

　　5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

On the 14th, the United States released the results of the four-year review of China’s imposition of tariff 301, announcing that on the basis of the original tariff 301, it would further impose tariffs on electric vehicles, lithium batteries, photovoltaic cells and other products imported from China.

After the news came out, many business people and business groups in the United States expressed their dissatisfaction.

In a statement to CBN, u.s.-china business council, a group of 270 American companies doing business in China, expressed disappointment with the results of the four-year Section 301 investigation announced by the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR).

USCBC said: "We are disappointed with this result, because maintaining the previous tariffs (without lowering them) and imposing additional tariffs will eventually make it more difficult for American companies to compete at home and abroad. This will lead to fewer jobs in the United States. In the context of continued inflationary pressures, this will also raise the US consumer price index. "

Earlier, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said at a regular press conference on the 15th that according to Moody’s company’s calculation, American consumers bear 92% of the cost of levying tariffs on China, and American families increase their expenses by $1,300 a year.

Liu Bin, a researcher at university of international business and economics School of Government Administration and China World Trade Organization Research Institute, said in an interview with China Business News that (compared with Trump’s tariffs on China), we can see that the industries and products subject to tariff increase are relatively concentrated, and the tariff collection quota has been greatly adjusted. For emerging industries, especially new energy vehicles, the United States has a strong intention to restrict or restrict development.

American consumers pay the bill?

On 14th, KenGriffin, American billionaire and founder of Citadel, said at a forum in Qatar: "Imposing high tariffs on China electric vehicles with low price and high quality, which are beneficial to American consumers, is another manifestation of the discontinuity of Biden’s economic strategy."

The National Retail Federation (NRF) is also "very disappointed" with the Biden administration’s move, and said that "as consumers continue to fight inflation, the last thing the (US) government should do is to impose additional taxes on imported products, which will be paid by American importers and ultimately American consumers".

Recently, Goldman Sachs said in a report that "tariffs in 2018-2019 have significantly increased consumer prices" and that these price increases were "almost entirely borne by American enterprises and families", not China exporters.

Goldman Sachs estimates that every one percentage point increase in the effective tariff rate will directly reduce the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States by 0.03%, increase consumer prices by 0.1% and keep inflation rising for one year.

Sweet, chief American economist at Oxford Economic Research Institute, said that the political significance of tariffs is usually greater than the economic significance.

Sweet said: "Most economists think that tariffs are a bad idea, because tariffs will hinder a country from benefiting from specialization, disrupt the flow of goods and services, and lead to improper allocation of resources. When implementing tariffs, consumers and producers often have to pay higher prices. "

The new york Federal Reserve also found that tariffs in 2018 cost American families $419 a year due to increased tax burden and loss of market efficiency. The researchers estimate that this figure has doubled as other tariffs take effect in 2019.

Economists wrote in a working paper published by the National Bureau of Economic Research in January 2024 that the net economic impact of import tariffs, retaliatory tariffs and agricultural subsidies on American employment and enterprises is "at best ‘ Rinse ’ Look, and it may be a slight negative impact. "

The above-mentioned researchers said in this working paper that trade friction does seem to bring political benefits and strengthen the support of the Republican Party in the heartland of the United States and the communities most affected by tariffs. "Residents in areas protected by tariffs are unlikely to identify themselves as Democrats, and they are more likely to vote for Trump. Therefore, despite the high economic cost of tariff protection, voters seem to have given a strong response. "

American industry demands competition.

Recently, U.S. Treasury Secretary Yellen frequently appeared in the media to explain the tariff increase policy, but during the interview, she also repeatedly faced questions about whether the tariff increase would drive up prices, including "China’s electric cars are cheaper, so if more people (in the United States) buy them, wouldn’t it help solve the climate change problem".

In this regard, Yellen explained that with the accumulation of experience in producing these products by American companies and the development of newly built battery factories in the central and western regions, the price of automobiles will drop.

However, I am afraid that the industry has different views. CarlosTavares, CEO of Stellantis, a global automobile manufacturer, said that raising tariffs would not protect his company. He believes that "the only choice is to continue fighting", so the only way to compete fairly is to reduce costs and provide electric vehicles at more affordable prices.

In fact, there have been many cases before that prove that imposing high tariffs cannot promote the development of domestic enterprises in the United States.

In 2002, the United States imposed tariffs on imported steel and aluminum products. Subsequent studies showed that although this only caused economic losses of about $30 million, it led to an increase in the price of the steel consumption industry in the United States, and led to a sharp decline in employment opportunities in the entire steel industry, especially those small enterprises that did not have market power to influence prices.

In 2009, the United States imposed tariffs on tires imported from China. The Peterson Institute for International Economics found that this move was thought to have saved about 1,200 jobs in the tire manufacturing industry in the United States, but it cost Americans $1.1 billion in the form of rising prices.

A veteran who has been engaged in the import and export industry in the United States for a long time told the First Financial Reporter that in his view, the United States’ practice of adjusting tariffs this time is more posturing than actual impact.

Taking the solar panel products he is very familiar with as an example, he told reporters that before this adjustment, the solar panels imported by the United States from China had been greatly reduced due to anti-dumping duties: most of the solar panels on the American market were imported from Viet Nam or Thailand, and very few were directly imported from China. In fact, since last year, thousands of containers of related enterprises in China have been detained at the American terminal, and related enterprises may have paid millions of dollars in yard fees at the terminal. The current policy of the United States clearly shows that in order to enter the American market, these companies must set up factories in the United States.

However, in view of some cases that have happened, the prospect of setting up factories in the United States is not optimistic. "If the United States does block the import channels from Vietnam, I can’t imagine where American solar panels will be imported. But it seems unrealistic to rely on solar panels produced locally in the United States. " He added that many media in the United States have also questioned this, and they don’t understand why the import of clean energy products from China should be prevented, especially in the context that the US government has been advocating these clean energy technologies.

Cui Fan, a professor in the Department of International Trade of university of international business and economics Institute of International Economics and Trade, also told China Business News that Biden’s government has begun to contain the overseas investment of China Photovoltaic.

He explained that on April 24, the United States began the photovoltaic double-reverse investigation procedure for Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand. It is expected that the preliminary ruling will be made this year and the final ruling will be made in the middle of next year. At present, the dumping margin of the four countries listed in the application for investigation ranges from 70.35% to 271.45%, which once blocked the photovoltaic exports of the four countries to the United States.

What needs to be noted is that after the United States announced the imposition of tariffs on China, the EU side, which is conducting countervailing investigations on China’s electric vehicles, is more cautious.

In an interview with China Business News, Liu Bin said that the US tariff increase on China may have a demonstration effect on the EU. However, unlike the United States, the trade links between China and Europe are closer, and the EU is more dependent on the China market.

Liu Bin said that at the same time, China’s new energy vehicles have entered the EU market, which has a "first-Mover advantage". Therefore, it is unlikely that the EU will adjust tariffs on a large scale and in a high amount like the United States. However, the EU may stand in a higher position and adjust taxes in the name of environmental protection.

It’s a medium-sized suv. I wonder how much you know about it. So whether this car is a mule or a horse, let’s take a look at its actual performance.

First look at the appearance of Ford electric horse. The head of Ford electric horse is very dynamic and lively, and looks more dynamic and lively. Coupled with tough headlights, it is in line with consumers’ aesthetics. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the car side, the car body size is 4730MM*1886MM*1613MM. The car adopts solid lines, and the car side looks very simple, with large-sized thick-walled tires, and smooth lines run through the whole car side. In terms of the rear end, the tail line of Ford electric carriage is simple, and the taillights give people a very soft feeling, and the shape is more angular.

Sitting in the car, the interior style is very avant-garde and the overall shape is remarkable. The steering wheel shape of the car is eye-catching, and it is made of leather, which gives people a good grip experience. From the central control point of view, the design of the center console is reasonable, which makes the interior design quite layered and conforms to the mainstream aesthetics. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. It looks like a strong sense of technology. The car adopts leather-like seats, equipped with electric adjustment of auxiliary seats, electric adjustment of seats with memory, and seat proportion tilting, and the comfort is acceptable.

Ford electric horse is equipped with a motor with a total power of 359KW and a total torque of 860N.m It has good acceleration, excellent cruising range and good power performance.

Ford electric horse trunk is well-behaved in conventional space, and there is no problem in daily use. In addition, the car is equipped with fatigue warning, anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD) main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, knee airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

Such a car with the right price is enough to meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the cost performance is good. If you are interested, you might as well experience it.

　　 Recently, the list of "Car of the Year Who Know Car Emperor in 2020" was officially released. This annual car list is based on the evaluation results of "Knowing Car Emperor’s Actual Measurement" in 2020, which is different from the evaluation based on the subjective feelings of car editors. Knowing Car Emperor judges by the measured data results, which brings consumers a more objective and real annual car list and provides users with a powerful reference for car purchase.

　　 It is understood that the "Know Car Emperor’s Actual Measurement" is that the original team of Know Car Emperor selected more than 400 popular models in the market according to the user’s attention to the models, and conducted a unified standard practical test, including data such as "safety", "space", "energy consumption", "performance and handling" that users are most concerned about, and finally formed an objective and reliable evaluation database, and sent users a simple and easy-to-understand "automobile configuration manual".

　　Know the car emperor’s annual car announced seven awards, a number of popular models on the list.

　　 The 2020 annual car list includes seven awards, including the best safety model of the year, the best family car of the year and the best electric car of the year.

　　 In the test of knowing the car emperor, Volvo XC60 became the first AEB test full score model. Moreover, with its amazing performance in elk, braking and body structure safety, it has become the best safety model of the year.

　　 Know the car emperor’s best family car of the year, won by Honda Odyssey Rui Hybrid. It has good performance in space, fuel consumption and quality stability. Coupled with a good rate of preservation, it has become an excellent choice for family cars.

　　 Since 2020, electric vehicles have become the trend of the times, and it has also become the measured object of the original team that understands the car emperor. The results show that Weilai ES6 won the best electric vehicle of the year with its strongest comprehensive strength. No matter in driving quality, sports performance or intelligent safety, it is the most balanced electric vehicle in the electric vehicle industry at present.

　　 The actual measurement has gone through the unified measurement process, including "static acceleration test", "braking distance test", "Elk test", "Jingang circuit lap speed test" and "fuel consumption test". All models have been repeatedly tested by the same professional racer in the same professional racetrack for more than 100 times. Moreover, they all use equipment and test methods and standards that meet international standards. Taking the Elk test as an example, more than 300 vehicles strictly implement the ISO3888-2 international standard, and each vehicle will be tested for nearly 20 times, constantly approaching the limit posture of the vehicle, so as to fully quantify the safety and handling of the vehicle. In addition, the actual measurement also creatively joined the original project of knowing the car emperor-the lap speed test of Jingang circuit. At the full speed of each car, the measured team who knows the car emperor records its lap speed, straight tail speed, low-speed corner, high-speed corner, etc., so as to effectively grasp the overall mobility of the car. Under the unified and professional measurement of knowing the car emperor, the list data is more objective and reliable.

　　 In addition to the above three award-winning models, Know Car Emperor also divided the rest of the award list in detail according to the characteristics of the models and the demand for vehicles: McLaren 720S won the Best Performance Car of the Year by virtue of its excellent power and aerodynamic design; Land Rover Defender passed all the test items in the test of Chedi off-road base and won the best off-road vehicle of the year. Tesla MODEL S won the fastest accelerated model of the year with the acceleration of "Tubang Class"; Ford New Transit won the Best Tool Car of the Year for its excellent performance in terms of the maximum volume of the interior space, the width and depth of the trunk opening.

　　Dedicated to the professional evaluation of automobiles, bringing valuable content to users.

　　 After long-term development, China has become the largest automobile production and sales market in the world. However, with the increasing popularity of automobiles, various brand models emerge one after another, and the market information is increasingly huge, which greatly increases the cost and difficulty of consumers’ car purchase decision.

　　 Compared with developed countries, China’s automobile evaluation system is still in its infancy. Most of the existing evaluation systems lack unified standards, are mixed with subjective factors, and the evaluation results have certain errors. Consumers lack a scientific and professional reference index for car purchase. In this context, as a professional automobile media in China, car owners can learn from foreign experience and integrate their own advantages to provide consumers with more accurate car purchase guidance.

　　 Knowing the car emperor’s actual measurement not only follows the international professional evaluation process and standards, but also creatively adds original actual measurement items to the China automobile market, so as to create an automobile evaluation system serving China automobile consumers. Relying on the professional testing team, testing site and equipment, Knowing Car Emperor not only forms a measurable and referential standard for China automobile testing, but also forms a more professional and fair automobile selection system, setting a brand-new benchmark for third-party professionals to participate in automobile evaluation.

　　 Up to now, Master Car has a very comprehensive vehicle evaluation database, and based on standardized venues, professional tools and equipment, and industry-recognized testing methods, it has gradually established a perfect evaluation system for Master Car, including unique active safety evaluation standards, track performance testing standards and off-road ability testing standards. It provides users with reliable, retrievable and comparable vehicle evaluation data products.

　　 For a long time, the team who knows the contents of Chedi insists on providing users with professional, data-based and most referential documentary evaluation contents based on the needs of users. In order to ensure the authority of evaluation and disassembly contents, the team not only needs to consult experts frequently, but also make up a lot of knowledge of materials science. The 2020 Car of the Year, which was selected this time, provides accurate reference for consumers with car purchase needs by subdividing the award-winning models, so that users can choose models as needed. In addition, there is an original evaluation channel in the station, which can help customers better understand the performance and detailed evaluation data of the vehicle.

　　 In the future practice, Knowing Car Emperor will continue to lead the new trend of automobile evaluation in China with strict and scientific evaluation procedures and standards, and build a weather vane for the automobile industry. While helping consumers to obtain more convenient and scientific car purchase information, it will also help high-quality car brands stand out in the evaluation and promote the Excellence and healthy development of the automobile industry.