Xu Junzuo (Xinhua News Agency)

　　The Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has attracted great attention at home and abroad. This plenary session, like many previous Sixth Plenary Sessions, focused on the issue of party building and studied major issues of comprehensively administering the party strictly.

　　This plenary session deliberated and passed two important inner-party laws and regulations, namely, Several Guidelines on Inner-party Political Life under the New Situation and the revised Regulations on Inner-party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC); It also deliberated and adopted the Resolution on Convening the 19th National Congress of the Party, and decided to convene the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Beijing in the second half of 2017. In addition, it is also extremely important that this plenary session formally put forward the "Party Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core" and clearly defined the core position of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.

　　The Sixth Plenary Session of the CPC Central Committee is of great and far-reaching milestone significance, whether in the four years since the 18th National Congress, or for a period of time in the future or even longer.

　　The general plan of governing the country has been gradually developed and deepened.

　　To understand the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, we should not just look at this plenary session, but grasp it in the four plenary sessions since the 18th CPC Central Committee.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has held the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee, which made arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform, comprehensively governing the country according to law and building a well-off society in an all-round way. The Sixth Plenary Session devoted special research to comprehensively and strictly administering the party. This is the overall design made by the CPC Central Committee with a view to the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, and it is the gradual development and in-depth promotion of the CPC Central Committee’s strategy of governing the country.

　　The key to China’s success lies in the Party, and the key lies in the Party’s management of the Party and strict administration of the Party. Judging from the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, it is of great significance to do a good job in comprehensively and strictly administering the party’s work. Without the strict administration of the Party in an all-round way, the Party will not be able to "strike while the iron is hot", and it will be difficult to play a leading role, and our strategic layout will probably fail. It is necessary to understand the comprehensive and strict management of the party in the "four comprehensive" strategic layout and deeply understand the relationship between the comprehensive and strict management of the party and the other three "comprehensive".

　　The "four comprehensives" complement each other, promote each other and complement each other. In particular, strictly administering the party in an all-round way profoundly affects the other three "comprehensiveness" and provides a strong guarantee for the other three "comprehensiveness". In other words, the landing of the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session is related to the landing of the spirit of the Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions. To do a good job in China, we must first do a good job in the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　Deepening reform in an all-round way requires a large number of promoters and doers of reform. The overall goal of deepening reform in an all-round way is to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The key to achieving the goal of reform lies in the unity of the whole party, strengthening the "four consciousnesses", daring to bite hard bones, venturing into dangerous beaches and breaking the "cheese".

　　At present, the comprehensive deepening of reform has entered the "critical period" and "deep water area", and all the easy changes have been basically completed, and the rest are hard bones. It can be said that the current reforms are major and sensitive issues that have a bearing on the overall situation. Every step forward will touch the adjustment of interest relations and interest patterns, and face a series of ideological obstacles and barriers to solidification of interests. More importantly, the obstacles of these ideas and the barriers of solidification of interests often come from within the system, not from outside. This requires that when the CPC Central Committee comprehensively deepens the reform layout, every party member cadre, especially the leading cadres, should firmly establish political awareness, overall awareness, core awareness and conformity awareness, show Communist party member’s party spirit cultivation and political responsibility, consider the issue from the overall situation and in the long run, safeguard the authority of the CPC Central Committee, and consciously align with the CPC Central Committee. In order to make the reform free from the constraints of departmental interests, local interests and personal interests, we must adhere to the strict administration of the party in an all-round way and promote the implementation of the various decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on comprehensively deepening reforms.

　　Governing the country according to law in an all-round way requires comprehensive and strict management of the "key minority". One of the biggest problems in China today is the lack of authority of the rule of law. Group incidents and "letters and visits don’t believe in the law" are all caused by the lack of authority of the rule of law. In this regard, leading cadres have important responsibilities. Judging from the cases investigated since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, some leading cadres and even some senior cadres have the idea of "ruling by man" and "sense of being a chief executive", and they have made great efforts to replace the law with words and suppress the law with power. Zhou Yongkang, Bo Xilai, Ling Jihua and others are typical examples. It can be said that it will be difficult to implement the rule of law if this phenomenon does not change.

　　"Its body is right, and it is not ordered; Its body is not right, although it is not obedient. " We must firmly grasp the "key minority" of leading cadres, adhere to the strict administration of the party in an all-round way, maintain legal authority at the above rate, and create a political culture that respects the law in the whole society. It should be said that leading cadres can not only play a key role in promoting the rule of law, but also play a fatal role. Whether we can adhere to the comprehensive and strict administration of the party largely determines the direction, road and progress of comprehensively administering the country according to law.

　　Building a well-off society in an all-round way requires a governance group that has done something and is brave. A political party with strict management, strong system execution and courage to take responsibility is an important guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way. One of the great advantages of our party lies in its execution efficiency. Leading cadres in various governance groups are important "traders" in building a well-off society in an all-round way. The central government has made a careful layout for building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the key depends on how all localities and departments implement it. Only when leading cadres at all levels of the Party earnestly strengthen their execution and complete the deployment of the CPC Central Committee to the letter can we achieve the strategic goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. On the contrary, if the system and rules become soft constraints, do not act for the officials, are unwilling to take responsibility, or even engage in soft resistance to the central authorities, building a well-off society in an all-round way will undoubtedly become a castle in the air.

　　Therefore, the key to building a well-off society in an all-round way as scheduled lies in the party, the key lies in strictly administering the party, and the key lies in building a courageous and responsible governance group.

　　Strictly administering the Party in an all-round way and further institutionalizing and organizing it.

　　Huntington, a famous political scientist, believes that for a country in modernization, one-party system and multi-party system are better or worse, and different people have different opinions. But as far as political development is concerned, what matters is not the number of political parties, but the strength and adaptability of the political party system.

　　In other words, in a country in the process of modernization, the degree of institutionalization and organization of political parties is very important. Our party is a big party with more than 88 million party member, and it will be in power for a long time in a country with a population of more than 1.3 billion. The institutionalization and organization of the party are of great significance and affect the overall situation. Strengthening and standardizing inner-party political life and strengthening inner-party supervision is an important task to strengthen the institutionalization and organization of the party under the new situation and an important starting point to promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party.

　　After the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping and other central leaders, on the basis of summing up historical experience and lessons, put forward the idea of building the party by system and governing the party by rules, and put strict management of the party into practice. In 1980, the "Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party" was specially formulated, which was the first time to regulate the political life within the Party in the form of internal laws and regulations, which was of pioneering significance and played a key role in promoting the institutionalization and organization of the Party. The guidelines, main principles and provisions of 1980 are still applicable today, but 36 years have passed now, and great changes have taken place in both the background of the times and the main contradictions.

　　Over the past 30 years, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has persisted in strictly administering the Party in an all-round way, and has made remarkable achievements and valuable experience in managing the Party and serious political life within the Party. It is necessary to formulate a new criterion.

　　Similarly, the Regulations on Inner-Party Supervision in the Communist Party of China (CPC) (Trial) promulgated and implemented in December 2003 is the first special document on inner-party supervision, which has played an important role in strengthening inner-party supervision and safeguarding the unity and unity of the party. However, with the development and changes of the new situation and new tasks, the problem that the regulations are not suitable for the new practice and new requirements has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, over the past decade, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the new practice and experience of inner-party supervision urgently need to be fixed and standardized in the form of inner-party regulations.

　　In short, the CPC Central Committee’s formulation of new guidelines and revision of regulations this time is precisely aimed at promoting the major arrangements of comprehensively administering the party strictly, adhering to the system of party building, and governing the party according to regulations. This plenary session, facing up to the outstanding problems in the current political life and inner-party supervision, institutionalized and standardized the successful experience and practice of comprehensively administering the party strictly since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and formed a new institutional arrangement, which provided a clear and powerful starting point for comprehensively administering the party strictly.

　　Realistically, no other political party can undertake the modernization and national rejuvenation of China except the Communist Party of China (CPC). A the Communist Party of China (CPC) with strict management, institutionalization and high degree of organization is an important guarantee to realize the revival of China. If the party is impure, lacks righteousness, is flooded with gangs and interest groups, and the system and rules become soft constraints, it is impossible to lead the country to rejuvenation.

　　Serious inner-party political life is an important foundation for comprehensively administering the party strictly, and strengthening inner-party supervision is an important guarantee for comprehensively administering the party strictly. The formulation of new guidelines and the revision of regulations at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee are of great and far-reaching significance for further institutionalizing and organizing the party strictly in an all-round way and enhancing the adaptability of the ruling party system.

　　Enhance the central ruling authority and governance efficiency.

　　This plenary session formally put forward the "Party Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core". This is of great and far-reaching significance for safeguarding the ruling authority of the CPC Central Committee and promoting the effectiveness of the CPC Central Committee in governing the country.

　　The core of leadership is very important for a country and a political party. It is related to the success or failure of state governance and the rise and fall of political parties. The whole Party, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) need a leader and a core.

　　When talking about the party’s democratic centralism in 1956, Deng Xiaoping said: "In any organization, it is necessary not only to divide the responsibilities, but also to have someone take overall responsibility. Isn’t it common sense that a group can’t act without a group leader? " In 1989, he further clearly pointed out: "Any leading collective must have a core, and leadership without a core is unreliable."

　　Deng Xiaoping’s consideration is deep and he has a very strategic vision. In a big country like China, it is inconceivable to assume the leadership responsibility and lead more than one billion people to modernize without a real politician as the core of leadership.

　　At present, the complexity and arduousness of China’s governance and CPC’s governance are rare in the world. The world pattern is undergoing profound adjustment, and the domestic pattern is undergoing profound changes. In particular, the decisive victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way is at a critical stage, and crossing the "middle income trap" is in a critical period. More than ever, a wise and responsible leadership core is needed.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader General Secretary as the core has made outstanding achievements in governing China, and China society has constantly presented new development styles and progressive postures. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has become the core of the CPC Central Committee and the whole party in the new great struggle practice.

　　More than 20 years ago, Deng Xiaoping emphasized: "The central authorities should have authority. If the reform is to succeed, it must be led in an orderly manner. " Now, the reform has reached a new important juncture, and it is no less difficult to promote the reform than it was more than 30 years ago. Compared with the reform more than 30 years ago, the obstacles to the current reform mainly come from people and the fetters of interests. Economist Olson believes that after a country has developed steadily for a long time, interest groups will begin to form at home. At present, there are some vested interests in China that hinder the implementation of the central reform and deployment. Without central authority and centralization, there will be no governance efficiency, and no matter how beautiful the reform vision and development blueprint can be.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a number of decision-making and deliberation coordination bodies and leading groups have been established. The Supreme Leader’s General Secretary has personally served as the leader of several leading groups or committees, including the leader of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, the leader of the Central Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization, the leader of the Central Military Commission for Deepening National Defense and Army Reform, the leader of the Central Financial and Economic Leading Group, and the chairman of the Central National Security Council. Defining the core position of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary can give full play to the role of the CPC Central Committee in coordinating power and resource allocation, enhance the authority and governance efficiency of the central government’s decision-making and deployment, and enhance people’s sense of gain in the process of comprehensively deepening reform, so as to prevent China from becoming a solidified China and a China that violates the essence of socialism.

　　Not just reform. Defining the core position of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary is of positive and significant significance for promoting the overall layout of "five in one", coordinating and promoting the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, implementing the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, sharing and openness, and promoting the strategic implementation of the "Belt and Road" construction, the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　After the successful smuggling, firecrackers will be set off at home, and the Fujian opera team will be invited to sing a play in the ancestral hall. Every time firecrackers sound, everyone knows that another person has arrived at his destination. People here still yearn for the new world, but people in new york are looking forward to their return.

On December 13th, Tantou Town, Changle City, was repeatedly banned from smuggling, and many slogans against smuggling were painted on the local streets.

　　When boarding a smuggling boat bound for the United States, Lin Wenfeng, 23, thought that when he earned enough money, he would soon be able to go home.

　　It was in 1993, Jinfeng Town, Changle City, Fujian Province.

　　Another 23 years have passed. The father died and the children were getting married. He never saw them again and never came home again.

　　This kind of long-distance one-way trip happened in countless families in Changle.

　　According to the statistics of Zhuang Guotu, a professor at Xiamen University, from 1980 to 2005, more than 200,000 people entered the United States from Changle, a small town, and most of them were illegal immigrants.

　　These people crossed the mountains and entered the United States to find a higher-paying livelihood. Their biggest worry is that if they don’t get legal residence status, once they leave the United States, they will never come back.

　　In order to get identity, many people choose to make up false stories and make up various reasons to seek political asylum in the immigration courts in the United States. Of course, most failed.

　　Think simple when you leave. It was only when they crossed the ocean and wanted to go home that Lin Wenfeng finally understood that life was far more complicated than originally envisaged.

　　In the long wait, relatives have been separated for a long time, and discrete stories abound.

　　This shore and the other shore

　　In September this year, Xu Jiacheng, a 24-year-old documentary director, first set foot in the eight avenues in Brooklyn, new york, in order to film the story of an illegal immigrant. This is a main road about 1.6 kilometers long, surrounded by streets and lanes, where tens of thousands of Fuzhou people live.

　　She was shocked by the situation of the Eighth Avenue-

　　Only cash circulates here, without a big bank or ATM. Because most people are illegal immigrants, they can’t handle bank accounts.

　　The restaurant here has no English menu, and the taste is only used by old Fuzhou people.

　　People here, speaking their own dialects, have employment agencies for Fuzhou people and specialized lawyers, which is like a small enclave.

　　Xu Jiacheng saw that there was a small temple filled with incense in the middle of eight fast food restaurants and small commodity shops.

　　During the Lunar New Year, residents here will also carry the statue of Mazu to the streets. It was the gods who blessed their ancestors hundreds of years ago.

　　Floating in new york, I have become a stranger in my native land and abroad. This is their way of missing their hometown.

　　On the other side of the ocean, Changle, Fujian, and the Minjiang River pass through the north and rush into the sea. The harbor was blue, and the salty smell in the air climbed up the stairs.

　　Along the winding and long riverbank line, you have to pass through Houyu Township, Tantou Town, Jinfeng Town and Meihua Town in Changle City, all of which are hometown of overseas Chinese.

　　There are three or four-story villas in the village, where Gothic style, Rococo style and Chinese style coexist. Every shutter is closed, empty and locked. Only through the high guardrail, it exudes the wealth from distant continents.

　　There are no fewer than 100 ancestral temples visible along the road, all of which are brand-new, carved and painted, and lonely.

　　The old people, women and children are still here, and the young and middle-aged people are gone.

　　Most of them have been away from home for twenty or thirty years, and some even longer.

　　Most of them set off immediately after their wives gave birth to their children, all in their early twenties.

　　The journey across the Pacific Ocean is not only an important step for men to become independent, but also a way to fulfill their family obligations. When they left home, they promised that they would come back soon after earning enough money.

　　A blurred father

　　In those years, how many adult men smuggled abroad, almost the same number of children grew up without a father.

　　When talking about their father, they often spend a long time recalling what he looks like. Fatherly love? A girl shook her head. "I never knew what it was like."

　　Zheng Chenxi was born in Changle Jin Feng. She is 22 years old. She hasn’t met her father yet.

　　When she was a child, she loved him very much. At that time, it was an enviable thing that someone in the family sneaked abroad. When she receives a learning machine from America, she will show it off to the children. "My dad gave it to me, which is very precious. It is charged several times a day and feels cool. Mine is different from others, you can touch the screen! "

　　A family of three didn’t have a chance to take a family photo. She cut out the photos sent back by her father and the photos of her and her mother, stuck them together and made a family portrait. I handed it to her mother happily. "I feel a little clever. Maybe my mother will feel very sad."

　　When she was older, she realized that she was different from others. Every time the school fills in the family questionnaire, I don’t know what to write in the column of dad’s occupation. Always pestering my mother to ask, when will my father come back? Mother couldn’t answer either.

　　When I reached puberty, I knew that my father couldn’t come back, and my thoughts turned into hatred.

　　Every new year, the mother and daughter are at home, and they are cold and clear. Relatives love to ask: when did your father go abroad? How long has it been since you saw me? Answering every year, she gets sympathetic eyes every year, and she grows up in this kind of eyes.

Distribution map of Qiaocun, hometown of overseas Chinese in Changle City. Overseas Chinese hometowns and overseas Chinese villages are densely distributed.

　　Li Mengting, a sophomore in south university of science and technology of china, was also born in a family where everyone smuggled in.

　　Her father smuggled into Japan in 2006 and was repatriated by the Japanese government ten years later.

　　When I was a child, children loved to play a game. Mom and Dad held a child’s hand and lifted it to let the child hang in mid-air. A family of three all giggled.

　　She is always jealous, but only her mother’s hand can hold her hand.

　　When she was ten years old, she met her father back home for the first time, "like a strange uncle".

　　At the dinner table, my father put his arm around her and asked, MOna, would you like coconut milk? She said yes. It was the first conversation between father and daughter.

　　In the years since then, the relationship between father and daughter has remained at this level. Sometimes, encouraged by his mother, my father comes over and talks to her clumsily: Is this TV play good? What was your last grade? Li Mengting replied, yes, I did well in the exam. The answer is better than nothing, and both sides are unable to send and accept, but it is already a warm moment for her.

　　Soon after, Li Mengting’s mother died of illness, and her father and daughter became polite and cold relatives.

　　Now tell everything about her father, and her expression is alienated. Asked, "Do you have any warm memories with your father?" She hesitated for a long time and shook her head. "I’m very sorry, not at all."

　　She understood her father’s decision to go abroad, but the gap in those ten years made them lose their emotional foundation and they were no longer willing to mend their relationship.

　　A marriage torn apart by distance

　　In 1930, a Chinese newspaper in new york reprinted the conversation between a court judge and a Chinese defendant.

　　How long have you been married? It has been 38 years.

　　Do you quarrel with your wife? Never.

　　Where does your wife live? Asked the surprised judge. The 64-year-old defendant’s answer made everyone laugh: My wife has been in China.

　　This story was published as a joke, but the heavy reality revealed behind it has not changed after nearly a century.

　　Men leave home for the country, while their young wives plunge into countless responsibilities and obligations of caring for the elderly, raising children, socializing with people and maintaining the clan.

　　Two years after her husband left, Li Mengting’s mother sat on the bed and cried after putting the children to sleep every night. At that time, she was 23 years old, and she was completely at a loss to take care of her little daughter and two old people.

　　The pressure also comes from the economic situation. Her husband sneaked in, and her family owed a large sum of money. She had a small notebook, and the first page recorded how much money she owed. When you receive the remittance from your husband every month, pay back the money first, and then remember how much you spent this month, how much you left and how much you deposited in the bank. The debt was not paid off until two years before her husband came back.

　　But during the day, she looks perfectly normal. When I grew up, my mother and daughter had a heart-to-heart talk. Only then did Li Mengting know how my mother survived the helpless years.

　　Zheng Chenxi’s mother’s way to solve her worries is to burn incense and worship Buddha. In order to pray for her husband’s well-being and identity, she prayed to God and Buddha everywhere. I heard that the burning charm was very clever, so I asked the charm to burn it. A charm cost 1,000 yuan, which was in the 1990s, and 1,000 yuan was a month’s salary. Later, knowing that there was no hope, she had to give up.

　　But in any case, these couples survived a fairly harmonious family across the Qian Shan.

　　Other marriages are separated by loneliness and suspicion.

　　Lin Jie, the daughter of Lin Wenfeng, almost grew up in the quarrel between her parents.

　　After Lin Wenfeng went abroad, there were many misunderstandings between husband and wife. For example, if there is some friction between his wife and his mother, her mother will complain to him. He will call his wife and blame her. If she feels wronged, the couple will start quarreling on the phone.

　　The old man is sick, the family is short of money, and the children are not taken care of … At the beginning, the sweetness and vows between husband and wife were dissolved in the pandering between chicken and dog. Hatred and hurt began to pile up.

　　Prolonged separation also challenges the loyalty of both sides.

　　There is a word in Fuzhou dialect called "Kaka", which means lover. Erliucun said that some couples have "clicked" because of their long-term separation in foreign countries, but they are tacitly aware of each other and will still maintain their marriage.

　　When the left-behind wives have nothing to do, they will go dancing in the town ballroom. A villager talked that he once danced with a left-behind wife and felt her hand shaking. "I haven’t touched men for too many years, so it will happen."

　　On December 11, a white-haired old man sat on a bench in the activity center for the elderly in Houyu Village, Houyu Township, Changle City. Most of the young and middle-aged people in the village go abroad, and many old people stay behind.

　　An unattended funeral

　　Missing and waiting constitute the second half of Li Mengting’s grandmother Zheng Zijin.

　　This Fuzhou old lady is not tall, slightly fat and has short hair. Circling around a big family, talking all the time.

　　At the age of 18, she married yutou village, Guhuai Town, Changle City, and gave birth to three boys and three girls. Six families formed by children, at least one person in each family has been smuggled.

　　In 1994, the eldest son smuggled into the United States, followed by the second son, the youngest son and the second son-in-law smuggled into Japan, and then the youngest daughter smuggled into the United States … one by one.

　　After that, the children only got together once, that is, the second daughter died of serious illness. Since then, the family has never been reunited.

　　In Li Mengting’s memory, Zheng Zijin lived by tearing the calendar and counting the days with his fingers. Every month, every child will call back about once. As soon as she picks up the phone, she always nags: Is there enough money? Did you eat well outside? Is the boss good to you?

　　There was still a long time before the Chinese New Year, and she began to ask everyone if they would come back for the Chinese New Year. That’s the biggest thought in her life.

　　The children can’t bear to refuse, so they have to give a vague answer: if they are not busy, they will come back. Just before the Chinese New Year, I had to tell her that I couldn’t come back, and I’ll see it next year.

　　But one or two children can come back every year. To some extent, Zheng Zijin is still happy.

　　In Xiangao Village, Jinfeng Town, Lin Wenfeng’s father did not wait for a child until his death.

　　In 2005, he was diagnosed with lung cancer and died a year later.

　　Lin Wenfeng was in the United States at that time, and his two younger brothers and one younger sister were in Britain. They all sneaked into the past and didn’t get their identity. Once they left the country, they fell short. So, in the year when my father was seriously ill, no one returned to China.

　　According to Changle custom, after death, the eldest son should carry him to the ancestral temple in the village and put him in the coffin. Finally, Lin’s parents’ daughter-in-law, that is, Lin Wenfeng’s wife, entered the ancestral temple wearing mourning clothes and carrying her father-in-law. In the rural areas of Fujian with strong traditional concepts, this is unthinkable.

　　This is not an isolated case. Zhuang Guotu, a professor at Xiamen University, met a stowaway when he was investigating in new york.While cooking in a restaurant, he received a phone call telling him that his father had died and asked him to go back to China to attend his funeral. "He was stupid, so he had to say that there was no way to go, and he gritted his teeth and fried from noon until twelve o’clock in the evening. He didn’t burst into tears until the last guest’s dish was fried. "

　　After the children left, only the elderly living alone were left in the village. In Erliu village, the story of a dumb old man is always mentioned. His children are all abroad or in other places, and no one usually visits them. They died quietly at home two years ago, and it took many days before their bodies were discovered.

　　"Yes, that’s it, what else can I do …" In Houyu Village, Houyu Township, a row of white-haired old people sat on a bench in the activity center for the elderly and chatted. When asked this question, they nodded and muttered to themselves.

　　"What else can I do" is all the answers they can give when they are overwhelmed by loneliness.

　　A city of immigrants embracing the ocean.

　　On the map of Changle city, along the long coastline, overseas Chinese hometowns and overseas Chinese villages are densely distributed.

　　Quiet harbor, above the small fishing boat, seagulls hovering in the air, curled fog hanging around.

　　For thousands of years, fishing has been regarded as the most basic and common way to settle down.

　　As early as the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He went to the Western Seas, where he recruited people to sacrifice to Poseidon and guard kai yang.

　　The west wind is spreading eastward, and this area has become one of the oldest economic regions in China, which has created a group of people who are not limited to traditional thinking. Their hearts are filled with the desire to leave their homes to find opportunities to get rich, and they have started to make a living in Southeast Asia and North America.

　　Looking back along the genealogy, almost every family has a long and short history of immigration.

　　The real "smuggling" began sporadically in the 1970s.

　　A Changle snakehead who has worked for many years recalls that the first people who went to the United States sent back US dollars and built buildings. Stimulated other people struggling on the poverty line.

　　The 1980s and 1990s were the heyday of smuggling. The cost also rose from $18,000 to $25,000, and then to 400,000 RMB.

On a street next to Changle Public Security Bureau, there are several immigration consulting agencies and law firms.

　　The destination of smuggling is generally new york. The largest city in the United States is the promised land of Changle stowaways, which symbolizes wealth, freedom and opportunities for self-realization.

　　An American scholar has done research. In order to reach the United States, Fujian immigrants have traveled all over the world in 42 countries.

　　The original way was by boat. This is the longest and hardest way of smuggling, and some people even died on the way to the United States-in June 1993, an old ship "golden venture" full of 286 Fuzhou stowaways ran aground off the coast of new york, and ten stowaways drowned.

　　Liu Mingda of Erliu Village remembers that in the 1990s, every family in the village had people smuggling. Are quietly, also don’t say goodbye. A few days later, everyone found that another person was missing.

　　He’s also been smuggled in three times.

　　The first time I went north, I entered Russia with a real passport, then entered Ukraine with a fake passport, crossed the mountains on the border between Ukraine and the Czech Republic and entered the Czech Republic. They changed to Korean passports. Because the passport was not stamped, he was stopped by the Czech police and spent half a year in the immigration prison.

　　The second time, they planned to travel from Nanning to Vietnam, from Vietnam to Thailand and Mexico, and finally to the United States. In Haiphong City, Vietnam, there was a contradiction between the snakeheads, and they were kept in private houses for three months, and finally they jumped off the building and fled home in a hurry.

　　He still won’t give up. Finally, direct flights from Hong Kong to San Francisco. The plane landed this time. As a rule, people will tear up fake passports after boarding the plane. As long as the plane lands, it is considered a successful entry.

　　Unfortunately, it was September 2001, when the "September 11th Incident" just happened, and the whole country was nervous, so he was sent back again.

　　If you can’t come back, you can’t go out.

　　After gaining a firm foothold, the first thing the illegal immigrants have to do is to find a lawyer and go to the immigration court to file a lawsuit.

　　American law stipulates that foreigners who enter the United States in any way have the right to apply for political asylum. If successful, you will be granted permanent residence status.

　　The reasons given by the illegal immigrants change with the development of the domestic situation. Such as family planning, demolition, etc.

　　In Tantou town, there are people who specialize in making false evidence: find a few people to make some scenes, take some photos and send them to the immigration court in the United States.

　　Another way to get identity is to fake marriage with someone who already has a "green card".

　　In primary school, Li Mengting once witnessed an absurd "wedding". Her aunt divorced her husband and then married her uncle (that is, Li Mengting’s aunt).

　　In order to prove love, you need to prepare a lot of evidence. For example, a love letter, such as a statement of how the two sides met, knew each other and decided to get married.

　　They wore suits and wedding dresses and held a wedding in the hotel. Relatives are also dressed brightly. During the dinner, everyone drinks and chats, looking as usual and taking photos. Li Mengting pointed to his aunt and asked, "Should I call him uncle or aunt?" Everyone said she was stupid.

　　"I don’t understand, how can they drink well?" Later, she figured it out, because they are used to it, they are not the first fake wedding, and it is not the first time people have attended a fake wedding.

　　But no matter how many ways there are, only a few people finally get their identities.

　　According to the data of the US Department of Justice, from 2001 to 2005, the United States received more than 36,000 applications for political asylum from Chinese, only 5,259 of which were directly approved.

　　For a larger number of people who have neither got the status nor made a lot of money, it is impossible to go home.

　　Hometown is a contradictory existence for them.

　　Only in their hometown can their hard work overseas be fully affirmed. Returning home in clothes is the common goal of illegal immigrants.

　　A villager in Erliu village said that he went out for more than 20 years and didn’t get his identity. During the Lunar New Year, all his friends returned to China. He hid in the house alone and cried bitterly.

　　Lin Jie once asked Lin Wenfeng: We don’t want to go abroad. It doesn’t matter if you get a green card. Why don’t you go home?

　　Lin Wenfeng replied that for more than 20 years, he has long been used to life in the United States and can’t adapt to it when he returns to China. As a man, he didn’t make any money. In fact, he lost face. He might as well not go home instead of being looked down upon.

　　There are also China’s family members who want to go to the United States for reunion. However, the reality is that due to the local smuggling history of Changle for many years and the illegal detention of some people after entering the country, the pass rate of Changle people applying for visas to the United States is extremely low.

　　The wind of smuggling has not stopped.

　　Although I have seen so many discrete stories, the wind of smuggling in Changle has not stopped.

　　On a street next to the Municipal Public Security Bureau, there are several immigration consulting agencies and law firms.

　　On December 9th, in a store called "Sister Lihua Chinese Consultation", the waiter told Peeling Onions (WeChat ID: boyangcongpeople) that they can still take political asylum, and they are responsible for sending customers to the United States. After arriving in the United States, they will give customers the contact information of a lawyer, "He will take you to court and help you with the lawsuit. If the reason is sufficient, I can give you an identity 100%. "

　　Larger and more secret smuggling networks cannot be inquired through open channels. The phone of the snakehead only flows among acquaintances in the village.

　　The local snakehead in Changle, who has been in business for more than ten years, said that the local snakehead system is strict, with a middle snakehead on it and a big snakehead on it. The domestic economic situation is not good this year. Every month, they send several groups of people to the United States.

　　The snakehead said that according to the current market situation, they will charge 450,000 yuan for each illegal immigrant after successful smuggling, and no charge for unsuccessful smuggling.

　　In the past two years, they have taken more routes, from China to Mexico, and then sneaked into the United States from the border between Mexico and the United States. However, the United States is well aware of this and the inspection is stricter, so it does not rule out that it will change the entry route.

　　After the successful smuggling, it is the custom in the village to set off firecrackers at home and invite the Fujian Opera team to sing a play in the ancestral hall.

　　Whenever firecrackers sounded, everyone knew that another person had arrived. The destination.

　　People here still yearn for the "New World", but people in new york are looking forward to their return.

　　Recently, in a video with his father, Zheng Chenxi obviously felt that he was old, his forehead was a little bald, and he was slightly fat. He smiled and showed his double chin.

　　When she grew up, she once went back to her hometown and turned to her father’s letter from abroad. The words are very elegant and beautiful. It was mentioned in the letter that it took him a year and a half to sneak into the United States, and it was thrilling all the way. He also asked if his daughter could walk. There is affection between the sentences, and the promise must give the mother and daughter a good life.

　　At that moment, she finally forgave her father and reached a settlement with herself who had felt inferior for many years.

　　Her aunt got citizenship, and her father applied for a green card in the name of family reunion. He has been waiting in line for nine years and is still waiting for approval.

　　But Zheng Chenxi is more willing to imagine what will happen after he gets his identity. My father will return to China immediately, and when he comes back, the family will go sightseeing immediately. I haven’t been able to give each other company before, so I can make up as much as I can.

　　Lin Jie, 24, will still chew and imagine what it would be like if his father returned to China one day and his father and daughter met at the airport. She doesn’t know if she can call her father or how to call her exit.

　　She is going to get married next year. She is a Christian, and her dream wedding will be in the church, with the golden bell rocking and flowers laying on the floor. When the wedding March is played, she wears a white gauze and walks to the other end of the carpet, holding her father’s hand. In front of the altar, my father gave her hand to her husband, and they made a vow to spend their lives together.

　　But this time, as in the past 23 years, Lin Wenfeng is afraid to be absent again.

　　(Wen Wenfeng, Liu Mingda, Lin Jie and Zheng Chenxi are all pseudonyms)

Source: Baidu

The original Web-to-Web Transformational Medicine Network is included in the topic # 660 contents of the latest research.

This article is original for Translational Medicine Network, please indicate the source.

Author: Tiffany

Introduction: Green tea, the most widely consumed tea, is characterized by clear soup and green leaves. Because green tea has not been fermented, it retains the most primitive substances in the fresh leaves of tea trees to the greatest extent. Among them, tea polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients have been largely retained, which provides the basis for the health care efficacy of green tea. For this reason, green tea is more and more popular with everyone. The popularity and popularity of green tea in the world has promoted the scientific community’s curiosity about it, and carried out research. Scientists want to find out whether this kind of green tea is beneficial to human health. What kind of role does it play? Recently, a group of scientists conducted in-depth research on the efficacy of green tea and made novel discoveries. ……

Lu You once wrote in "Try Tea": "The north window is high and snores like thunder, who will send vanilla for a dream?" It shows that tea has a refreshing effect. Tea is refreshing because it contains caffeine, which can excite the central nervous system and cerebral cortex to a certain extent, and has the effect of refreshing the mind and clearing the heart. In fact, green tea has more than one function, and it plays a certain role in people’s life and health. Here, let’s take a look at some effects of green tea:

Studies have shown that catechins in green tea have inhibitory effects on some bacteria that cause human diseases, and tea polyphenols have strong astringency, obvious inhibitory and killing effects on pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and obvious anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal effects. Viruses and bacteria breed in summer, so drink more green tea to keep healthy.

In addition, there is a record in the Tang Dynasty’s "Materia Medica" that the efficacy of tea is "slimming after eating for a long time" because drinking tea has the effect of promoting digestion. Because caffeine in tea can increase the secretion of gastric juice and accelerate the digestion and metabolism of food. The cellulose in tea can also promote gastrointestinal peristalsis. Big fish and big meat can help digestion if you don’t digest it.

Also, fluorine and polyphenols in green tea are good for teeth. Green tea soup can effectively inhibit the reduction of calcium in human body, and also cooperate with the effect of sterilization and disinfection, which is beneficial to the prevention of dental caries, tooth protection and tooth fixation.

In addition, tea polyphenols and their oxidation products have the ability to absorb radioactive substances. Clinical trials of relevant medical departments have confirmed that cancer patients may cause mild radiation sickness with leukopenia during radiotherapy, and the treatment effect with tea extract is very good. Office workers spend a lot of time facing the computer, and they are unconsciously injured by radiation. Choosing green tea is indeed the first choice for white-collar workers.

Importantly, green tea also reduces the risk of cancer. Unfermented green tea keeps polyphenols from being oxidized. Tea polyphenols can block the synthesis of nitrosamines and other carcinogens in the body, and can scavenge free radicals and reduce the damage of free radicals to related DNA in cells. There is obvious evidence that free radicals can cause various discomfort symptoms in the body, among which cancer is the most serious one. Drinking green tea often removes free radicals in the body, thus reducing the risk of cancer.

Recently, scientists from the Health Science and Technology Department of the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich launched an important research on green tea from two other angles. They wanted to explore the effects of green tea on health and aging, and what kind of relationship they had. These studies can help people make decisions and know how to buy and drink green tea. Let’s take a look at this interesting experiment and the findings from it.

Scientists published their research results in an article entitled "Green tea Catechings EGCG and ECG enhancement the fitness and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by complex I connotation" in Aging-US:

In recent years, some clinical trials and epidemiological studies in the scientific community have revealed that drinking green tea can bring health benefits, including: significantly reducing systolic blood pressure and fasting blood sugar, and promoting weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes and obese women. The most abundant polyphenols in green tea are epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGC) and epicatechin (EC), which constitute 30-42% of the solid extract of green tea. EGCG and ECG account for about 50% and 20% of the total catechins in green tea. These awkward names actually have great effects on human health. Let me introduce one of the most important ingredients —EGCG:

EGCG is the main catechin component in green tea, accounting for 59% of the total catechin components. It is an effective antioxidant, antiangiogenic and antitumor agent. EGCG has been used to study its role in chemoprevention of various tumors, including liver cancer, stomach cancer, skin cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and colon cancer. Studies have shown that EGCG can induce cell apoptosis, promote cell growth stagnation and prevent cancer by affecting signal transduction pathways. Moreover, EGCG also has inhibitory effects on many viruses, including HCV, HIV-1, HBV, HSV-1, HSV-2, EBV, adenovirus, influenza virus and enterovirus, and several enzymes, including DNMTs, protease and DHFR.

Moreover, EGCG has an unexpected and important inhibitory effect on COVID-19. In 2020, since the outbreak of COVID-19, the Key Laboratory of Pu ‘er Tea Science of Yunnan Agricultural University, in view of the biological characteristics, transmission characteristics and emergency needs of public health risk prevention and control in novel coronavirus, and in conjunction with Kunming Bio-manufacturing Research Institute Co., Ltd., has carried out emergency scientific and technological research on virus prevention and research and development of related preparations, focusing on screening effective molecules that can block virus infection and prevent and treat Covid-19 infection from food and medicine homologous plant molecules. Under the leadership of Professor Sheng Jun, the research team has made breakthrough progress. The research team found that EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), an effective monomer molecule screened from tea, can strongly bind Covid-19 S protein (Kd=121nM) and effectively block the binding between Covid-19 S protein and human ACE2 receptor. At the same time, it is found that EGCG can not only prevent the combination of the two, but also promote the dissociation of the S protein that has bound to the receptor. At present, no molecule has been found at home and abroad that has strong affinity with Covid-19 S protein and can effectively block the binding between S protein and ACE2. This discovery provides very valuable scientific data for the development of related preparations for the prevention and treatment of Covid-19 infection, and at the same time provides an innovative model for emergency screening of antiviral components from the treasure house of edible and medicinal plants and rapid clinical use.

A previous randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial confirmed how safe it is to take 400 mg of EGCG daily for one year. Further data showed that after 6 months, the plasma EGCG concentration reached a measurable level. In this new experiment recently, scientists tested the bioavailability of EGCG and various food supplements. After fasting for one night, scientists gave them 150 mg of green tea extract. After 60-180 minutes, their plasma level peaked at 10 ng/ml/kg. Experiments in different model organisms show that the beneficial effects of green tea catechins on life span are due to metabolic adaptation and enhanced resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS). For example, adding EGCG-rich green tea extract (10 mg/ml EGCG) to the diet can affect the glucose metabolism of Drosophila melanogaster, improve its health quality and prolong its life. In addition, green tea polyphenol water (80 mg/l) can prolong the life span of male C57BL/6 mice. In addition, the treatment of Caenorhabditis elegans with EGCG with a concentration of 50-300 μM can promote the longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans, among which 200 μM EGCG is the most effective dose to prolong the longevity through AMPK/SIRT1 and FOXO.

However, the bioavailability of green tea catechin in mammals is poor, which makes it unlikely to reach this concentration after oral administration in humans. However, some independent clinical trials have confirmed that drinking green tea can improve many health indicators. The maximum plasma concentrations of EGCG, ECG and EC in human body are about 2.5 μM after administration of up to 4.5 g decaffeinated green tea solids. Therefore, we tested whether 2.5 μM is still enough to prolong the life of nematodes by inducing mitogen response. Through experiments and summary, we found that EGCG and ECG enhanced the fitness and life span of Caenorhabditis elegans at the concentration of 2.5 μM m. This relatively low dose is enough to inhibit the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain of nematodes. In addition, the temporary increase of reactive oxygen species may promote the activity of PMK-1, thus promoting the corresponding signal cascade including SKN-1 and DAF-16. These signal pathways can enhance the activities of reactive oxygen defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, enhance the ability of anti-oxidative stress, improve health level and prolong people’s life span, thus causing adaptive response. As long as the metabolism changes for a long time, the fat content will be significantly reduced.

Although the bioavailability of EGCG and ECG is relatively low, drinking 4 cups of green tea every day for 8 weeks can significantly reduce body weight. It has been reported that EGCG of 50-300 μM can prolong the life of Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that 2.5 μM EGCG and ECG can also reach this concentration, which is enough to prolong life. In addition, its function is to increase anti-stress ability through adaptive mechanism. In this cellular rhythmic reaction, EGCG and ECG initially played the role of pro-oxidant by stimulating the increase of reactive oxygen species. EGCG and ECG show anti-oxidation characteristics for a long time because instantaneous reactive oxygen species burst can induce anti-oxidation defense mechanism. At high concentration, EGCG and ECG may have harmful effects due to excessive reactive oxygen species. This feature has become obvious in the study of cancer cells. EGCG is an amphoteric molecule with hydrophilic and lipophilic characteristics, which makes it not only fully soluble and widely distributed in the body fluid environment, but also allows it to cross the cell membrane and combine with intracellular targets. The unique structural characteristics of EGCG endow it with anti-cancer properties, which makes it not only play a role in preventing cancer at the initial stage of carcinogenesis, but also play an important role in controlling the progress and metastasis of cancer. EGCG can be used for many cancer types such as liver cancer, lung cancer and prostate cancer. The antioxidant potential of low concentration green tea catechin is considered as a potential solution to prevent tumor occurrence.High dose of catechin may be used as an anti-tumor drug because it can induce the formation of a large number of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. It is worth noting that EGCG is more effective than ECG in inducing cytotoxicity of human tumor cells and inhibiting the movement of cancer cells. In fact, EGCG takes only 6 hours, while ECG takes 12 hours to affect mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species and ATP levels. However, these compounds have similar effects in long-term use, and they can have similar effects in prolonging life, enhancing sports and resisting stress!

Catechins can not only trigger cell division reaction by influencing transcription factors and enzyme activities, but also exert direct antioxidant potential by scavenging active oxygen. Although some studies have reported a moderate increase in plasma antioxidant capacity after drinking green tea, compared with the antioxidant potential of glutathione reaching 1-11 mM level in cells, the proportion of catechins with complete structure reaching the target tissue is still negligible. Through experiments, we can confirm that it is necessary to increase the initial level of reactive oxygen species in order to induce the adaptive mechanism and improve the antioxidant performance.

Previous studies have shown that in the cell culture model, after the application of 50 μM EGCG, the level of hydrogen peroxide increased and the level of glutathione decreased in a dose-and time-dependent manner. However, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species formation induced by EGCG and ECG is still unclear. In the present study, we found that EGCG and ECG inhibited ETC complex I. Experiments on cerebellar granule neurons in rats show that EGCG accumulates obviously in mitochondria, and this polyphenol accumulates in mitochondria up to 90-95%. This finding is consistent with a large number of literatures describing polyphenols as compounds targeting mitochondria. Therefore, we isolated mitochondria to study the effects of EGCG and ECG on mitochondrial ETC complex. The separated mitochondria are separated from their natural environment and signal transduction process, and the separation process brings the risk of shearing force destroying the mitochondrial membrane. However, the uptake of drugs by mitochondria depends on the integrity of inner and outer membranes of mitochondria, including the functions of transporters and carriers. Since 25 μM EGCG and ECG are necessary to significantly inhibit the activity of mitochondrial complex I isolated from mouse liver and hinder the mitochondrial respiration of mitochondria isolated from rat liver, we assume that the separation process affects the integrity of mitochondrial membrane, so mitochondria have the potential to effectively absorb catechins.

In addition, we found that the temporary obstruction of mitochondrial respiration is accompanied by the temporary increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and the temporary decrease of ATP, which triggers the signal pathways related to life extension. EGCG and ECG can promote life extension, benefit health and enhance stress resistance when used in low doses.

Experimental results

The oral absorption and absolute bioavailability of green tea catechins in mammals are very low. After ingesting no more than 4.5 g of decaffeinated green tea solids, the highest plasma concentration reaches 2.5 μM m.. However, some independent clinical trials have reported the beneficial effects of EGCG and ECG on health parameters. Therefore, we assume that lower concentrations of EGCG and ECG are still effective and improve the life span and stress resistance of nematodes. In fact, the application of EGCG and ECG at a concentration of 2.5μM is enough to significantly expand the medium and thus prolong the life of Caenorhabditis elegans:

Next, we tested whether prolonging life is also related to improving health and stress resistance. Exercise depends on functional muscle mass, connective tissue and neuron signals. Therefore, exercise ability is a suitable sign of health. In our experiment, nematodes were given EGCG and ECG, and after 7 days, it was observed that their motor ability was obviously improved:

In addition, the tolerance of nematodes to free radical generator paraquat was significantly improved after ingesting ECGC and ECG for 7 days. Therefore, our conclusion is that EGCG and ECG can enhance and obviously improve their health and stress resistance! These two indicators are the key to health!

In a word, from our experiment, we found that the application of green tea catechin EGCG and low dose ECG can prolong the life span of nematodes by inducing cell division reaction. Therefore, inhibition of complex I caused a transient increase in ROS, stimulated antioxidant defense enzymes SOD and CAT, and activated PMK-1/SKN-1/DAF-16 pathway. In addition, the inhibition of complex I leads to the temporary decrease of ATP level in cells, thus activating AAK-2/SIR-2.1 signal. In the long run, if these energy-dependent and ROS-dependent pathways are reconnected, it will lead to the reduction of fat content, which will be more beneficial to people’s health and prolong their life.

Our clinical trials have confirmed the safety of EGCG and emphasized that EGCG has great potential in fighting age-related cardiovascular and metabolic diseases! The experimental study on the physical and clinical parameters of rodents over time requires further clinical trials to determine the optimal time and dosage of catechins. Finally, these studies describe the additional effect and downstream mechanism of complex I inhibition. Although promising results have been obtained in animal experiments, the low bioavailability of EGCG still raises a question, that is, whether green tea catechin can effectively produce reliable and beneficial effects in humans. Therefore, scientists need more efforts to identify complex I inhibitors with higher bioavailability.

After reading this article, do you have a deeper understanding of the efficacy of green tea? Its efficacy can be said to be multifaceted. In life, it can not only improve our health quality; In the face of diseases, it also plays a certain role in preventing fatal diseases. Therefore, in life, it should become a role that cannot be ignored!

References:

https://www.aging-us.com/article/203597/text

Note: This article aims to introduce the progress of medical research, and cannot be used as a reference for treatment programs. If you need health guidance, please go to a regular hospital.

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CCTV News:The United States and Russia never lack topics! Recently, the Russian army used the nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser "Peter the Great" and a nuclear submarine to hold maritime military exercises in the Bering Strait and launch missiles. The Bering Strait is located between Russia and Alaska, and the situation of "backyard attack and defense" between Russia and the United States is getting worse.

The Bering Strait is located between Russia and Alaska, and the narrowest place is only about 37 kilometers. In the past two months, exercises have been going on here.

The latest one came from Russia. The Russian army used the nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser Peter the Great and a nuclear submarine to hold a maritime military exercise in the Bering Strait and launch missiles.

Just over a month ago, the United States just held a multinational joint military exercise codenamed "Red Flag-Alaska" in Alaska. This military exercise was divided into two sides, and actual combat simulation exercises were conducted, mainly including air interception, emergency target attack and close aviation support. Some public opinion believes that Russia’s intention to challenge the United States this military exercise is obvious.

The Bering Strait connects the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean and is of great military value.

The geographical position of the Arctic is unique, and it is a highland for deploying military strategic weapons and conducting military reconnaissance. As an important military passage connecting the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, the Bering Strait holds the right of entry and exit of military equipment and personnel in this area to a certain extent, and its military strategic value is quite prominent. In recent years, the competition between the United States and Russia in this region has gradually warmed up.

In August this year, two Russian Tu -160 strategic bombers flew over 8,000 kilometers to a city in the easternmost part of the Russian Arctic — — Anadel, it’s across the Bering Strait, opposite Alaska.

It is reported that Russian pilots have been flying continuously for nearly 10 hours without stopping. This is the first time in recent years that a Russian strategic bomber landed in Anadel near the Russian-American border.

Alaska is America’s first line of defense against Russia.

Then on September 1st and 11th, Russia sent two Tu -95 strategic bombers to Alaska. In response to these two cruises, the US military dispatched F-22 fighters for tight surveillance. Alaska is America’s first line of defense against Russia. There are Elmendorf Air Force Base and elson Air Force Base here. Not only the most advanced F-22 fighters of the US military are deployed, but also a large number of F-16 fighters and E-3 early warning aircraft are deployed to deal with Russia.

The strategic position of the Bering Strait is so important, but the number of frictions between the United States and Russia here is relatively less than that in the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea.

Russia and the United States compete in multiple sea areas to upgrade their warships.

9 meters, 3 meters, 1.5 meters, in recent years, the contest between Russia and NATO led by the United States has gradually escalated in several sea areas, and the distance between US and Russian military aircraft and naval aircraft is getting closer and closer.

On the 5th of this month, in the night sky of the Black Sea, a Russian Su -27 fighter plane flew at high speed in front of the EP-3E Aries II electronic reconnaissance plane in the United States. According to American officials, the Su -27 fighter plane flew over the US EP-3E at close range twice. When the second flight was out of date, the Su-27 fighter plane also opened the afterburner during the turn and tilt flight.　

In January this year, the Russian Su -27 and the US EP-3 reconnaissance plane once made a move over the Black Sea. At that time, the closest distance between the Russian Su -27 fighter plane and the intercepted U.S. EP-3E reconnaissance plane was less than 1.52 meters. The high-temperature gas emitted by the engine of the Su -27 fighter plane was directly sprayed on the EP-3E reconnaissance plane, forcing the U.S. reconnaissance plane to end its mission early and return home.

In September this year, in the Mediterranean, due to the still tense situation in Syria, the US Navy’s Burke-class destroyer approached the Russian military exercise area. After the Russian military plane found it, it passed over the US warships at close range.

　　He was calm and had planned to "capture" three murder suspects; He is as careful as a hair, and once groped in the grass for half an hour to find the driver’s illegal evidence; He is warm-hearted and opens up a "green channel" to provide emergency treatment for children … … This is Chen Shangxi,

　　He joined the public security work in August 2015 and is currently the acting squadron leader of the Third Squadron of Nanjing High-speed Traffic Police. During his four years of work, Chen Shangxi won four personal awards and one third-class merit. He was nicknamed "sharp-eyed" traffic police by his colleagues for his outstanding performance.

　　The toll booth was tricked into winning three murder suspects.

　　"I was well prepared before, so I successfully completed the task." Recalling this experience last year, Chen Shangxi still remembers it clearly. At that time, Chen Shangxi was on duty at Maqun Public Security Checkpoint of Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway. At this time, he suddenly received instructions to control a Wuxi license car. Three people in the car were suspected of cutting one person in Wuxi and causing his death. Knowing that the car was heading for Nanjing, Chen Shangxi immediately took action: First, he immediately informed the leaders on duty about the case and requested police support; The second is to coordinate toll stations to close redundant toll channels and compress crossings in order to find suspected vehicles in time; The third is to keep in touch with Wuxi police at any time and grasp the vehicle position in real time through technical means; The fourth is to lead two police cadets, move forward, observe and look for suspected vehicles.

　　Not long after, the suspected vehicle appeared in front of Chen Shangxi. In order to reduce the vigilance of the murderer, Chen Shangxi guided the suspected vehicle to the public security checkpoint on the grounds of checking the driver’s license before the support police force arrived and the police force was not dominant. After checking the identities one by one, three people involved were successfully arrested. Subsequently, Chen Shangxi found two controlled knives and one baton on the suspected vehicle.

　　Grope in the grass for half an hour and find evidence that the driver violated the law.

　　At 2 o’clock in the morning of August 1, Chen Shangxi relied on Maqun Public Security Checkpoint of Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway to inspect passing vehicles. At this time, a car stopped at a distance of 100 meters from the toll station and did not see its payment for a long time. Chen Shangxi immediately went forward to check and found that the door of this Buick car with Su G license was locked and the driver did not know where to go. After some searching, Chen Shangxi finally found the driver Li in the high-speed central green belt.

　　In the face of inquiry, Li lied about his identity information, insisting that he had nothing to do with the suspected vehicle, and he had hidden his car keys and identity documents in the grass before. Although Li was full of tricks, Chen Shangxi carefully checked and gradually determined Li’s true identity. In order to grasp the evidence, Chen Shangxi searched in the grass. After half an hour, he finally searched out Li’s identity documents and car keys. See hide, however, Li finally confessed his illegal facts in driving without a license.

　　Open up a "green channel" to provide emergency treatment for children

　　At 7 o’clock on the evening of August 15th, when Chen Shangxi was on duty at Maqun Public Security Checkpoint of Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway, a Zhejiang J license vehicle suddenly stopped in front of the checkpoint, and the driver hurriedly got off the bus and asked him for help, saying that his daughter had a serious fever and had fainted many times on the way, thinking of Nanjing Children’s Hospital for treatment.

　　In an emergency, Chen Shangxi immediately reported to the command room and then drove the police car to lead them. Along the way, he turned on the police lights and sirens, chose the best driving route, and took the vehicle to the children’s hospital in less than 20 minutes during the evening rush hour. When he arrived at the hospital, Chen Shangxi contacted the hospital security department to open up a "green channel" for children and provide emergency treatment. Due to the timely rescue, the child was out of danger, and the father of the child held Comrade Chen Shangxi’s hand tightly with tears in his eyes and thanked him again and again. Correspondent Ning Jiaoxuan Yangzi Evening News reporter Guo Yipeng

At 10: 30 am on August 8, at the entrance of Zhongfu Shanghai Duty Free Shop, a large number of customers lined up to shop in the store. The Paper reporter Zang Mingtu

Customers with self-service customs clearance can’t shop, the price advantage is questioned, and the queue order at the checkout counter is not ideal … Despite all kinds of complaints, the popularity of Zhongfu Shanghai Duty Free Shop (hereinafter referred to as "Duty Free Shop"), which started trial operation at 10 am on August 8, is bursting.

The largest duty-free shop in downtown Shanghai is located at 889 Square, yueda, Caojiadu, Jing ‘an District. Before 10 o’clock, there was a long queue of nearly 200 people at the entrance of the duty-free shop. When the door opens at 10 o’clock, after the first batch of customers enter the store, the store will start to restrict the flow, and a group of customers will enter the store about every 15 minutes.

On the afternoon of the same day, the person in charge of yueda 889 Square told the reporter of The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that customers must enter the duty-free shop with an appointment ticket tomorrow. There are more than 1000 reservation tickets for tomorrow, which were distributed at 14: 00 on the same day. Customers who don’t have an appointment voucher can get an appointment voucher the day after tomorrow at the duty-free shop.

Self-service customs clearance customers cannot check out.

According to the on-site reminder, the shopping objects in duty-free foreign exchange goods are China tourists with passports, including diplomats, returned overseas students, foreign aid workers, laborers, ocean-going crew members and public servants with official passports in diplomatic institutions. Passengers of China nationality who have reached the age of 16 and entered the country with their passports can buy duty-free foreign exchange goods within the limited value set by the customs at the duty-free shop within 180 days from the date of entry.

Shopping identification cards issued by duty-free shops to customers. The Paper reporter Zang Mingtu

When shopping in duty-free shops, you must first go to the service desk for examination with your passport and other documents and get a shopping identification card. The on-site staff reminded customers that even if they didn’t shop on the same day, they used up the "one-time" opportunity in "one-time purchase of duty-free goods within the limits set by the customs with passports within 180 days from the date of entry", that is, they could not come to buy again.

Duty-free shops require passports to have entry stamps, which makes many self-service customs clearance customers lose "one-time" shopping opportunities.

Recently, the border inspection department has fully realized self-service customs clearance at terminals T1 and T2 of Shanghai Pudong Airport. Inbound passengers with China electronic passports and Hong Kong and Macao residents’ passes to and from the Mainland can complete the self-service customs clearance procedures within 12 seconds. Since there is almost no need to queue up, self-service customs clearance at entry has become the first choice for passengers with China electronic passports to return to China recently. Because of the self-service customs clearance, these passengers have no entry stamps on their passports.

On August 8th, a reporter from The Paper saw in the duty-free shop that many customers were stuck in front of the checkout counter because their passports didn’t have entry stamps, so they couldn’t check out and pick up the goods.

"Since the passport for self-service customs clearance cannot be purchased (duty-free shop goods), why did you pass the inspection with the same passport at the beginning? So I missed the shopping opportunity of duty-free shops. What should I do? " A customer questioned.

In the face of similar dissatisfaction from many customers, the cashier staff still insisted: "Shopping must have an oval entry stamp with China border inspection cover, but we can’t use electronic stamps here.When you (the customer) return to China next time, ask the border inspector to put a stamp on the electronic sign. "

In this regard, some customers spit out: "It was originally Bali who traveled back to China to replenish some goods, queued for half an hour to enter the store, queued for passport inspection, selected goods, came to the cashier, and the cash register was down, and the queue arrived, only to say that the passport for self-service customs clearance could not be purchased, and also said that it was not common to go abroad."

Some customers said: "Although there is no entry stamp for entry self-service customs clearance, I have an exit stamp, which is within 180 days, and I am standing here now. Can’t I prove that I have entered the country?"

The Paper reporter noticed that some customers are ready to "rub" other people’s passports for shopping after selecting goods. For such "private cooperation", duty-free shop staff did not interfere.

Except for many customers who can’t pay for self-service customs clearance, the cash register on the second floor of the duty-free shop was down for a time, which led to the longer and longer queue of customers paying bills. Moreover, due to the circular structure of the duty-free shop cashier, many later customers could not find the end of the queue. The on-site staff reminded customers to queue orderly, but when customers asked where the end of the queue was, the staff also said that they didn’t know.

Some purchasing behaviors have legal risks.

The Paper reporter noticed that some customers took pictures of goods in duty-free shops and started a "purchasing".

In this regard, Ge Zhihao, a lawyer of Beijing Guantao (Shanghai) Law Firm, said that the duty-free shops opened in urban areas are not "completely and unconditionally open" to domestic citizens, but are accompanied by preconditions, including the purpose of the goods purchased by consumers here and the total value of the goods purchased.

According to the law, the purpose of setting up duty-free shops is to take care of the reasonable needs of individuals to import goods for their own use, and then to exempt consumers from customs duties, value-added tax, consumption tax, etc. The starting point is to make it clear that the ultimate purpose of goods purchased by individuals is not to put them in circulation. Secondly, the customs also clearly stipulates the amount of personal tax exemption, mainly based on the announcement of the General Administration of Customs (No.54, 2010) that goods for personal use, except tobacco products, alcoholic products and 20 kinds of goods that should be taxed by the state, can enjoy tax exemption within a total value of 5,000 yuan.

Ge Zhihao believes that "personal purchasing" should be treated differently in three situations. First, purchasing is essentially a personal consumption, and then the goods are donated, so under the premise that the total value of the purchased goods does not exceed the limit, this behavior is legal. Secondly, assuming that the ultimate goal of purchasing is to seek economic benefits by reselling related goods in the name of personal consumption, it is essentially a sales behavior, obviously not the "convenience" object of tax exemption policy, but should be regulated by relevant tax laws in China. Third, the so-called "purchasing" means personal consumption under the guise of someone else’s passport, so because the actual consumers themselves do not have the qualification to enjoy the exemption policy, their consumption behavior is suspected of tax evasion.

In addition, according to the relevant provisions of the criminal law, if an individual fails to declare a large amount of tax payment by deception or concealment, accounting for more than 10% of the taxable amount, he will also be suspected of tax evasion. Therefore, some "personal purchasing" behaviors have great legal risks.

You must enter the store with an appointment ticket tomorrow.

On August 8, some customers suggested that the goods in duty-free shops were not cheap.

For example, a customer told the The Paper reporter that the price of a suit of a certain brand of cosmetics in the duty-free shop is 698 yuan. "This price, don’t compare with the origin of the United States, it has no price advantage over Hong Kong." Another customer said that taking a backpack of a certain brand as an example, the price of duty-free shops exceeds that of 1000 yuan, and a shopping mall in Jing ‘an Temple nearby is on sale. The discounted price of backpacks is around 600 yuan. "Of course, it is not exactly the same style, but the style is similar."

Regarding the price advantage of duty-free shops, the shop assistant said that cosmetics are about 30% cheaper than counters in Shanghai; Compared with the duty-free shops in Pudong Airport, some goods are expensive and some are cheap.

In addition, some customers told The Paper that there is milk powder on the second floor of the duty-free shop, which is much cheaper than the market price, but the brand is single. Take a section of milk powder as an example. The price of duty-free shop is 280 yuan, and the market price is 346 yuan. For the single brand of milk powder, the salesperson said that because the quality of milk powder of this brand is better. However, many customers told The Paper that the baby at home is not drinking this brand of milk powder, and they are not going to change the milk powder for the baby, so they are not going to buy it.

On the first day of opening, the largest duty-free shop in downtown Shanghai was full of popularity, despite the fact that customers with self-service customs clearance could not shop, the queuing order at the checkout counter was not ideal, and the price advantage was questioned by customers.

The person in charge of yueda 889 Square, where the duty-free shop is located, told the The Paper that a large number of customers lined up outside the duty-free shop on the first day of opening.Customers must enter the duty-free shop with an appointment voucher tomorrow. Reservation tickets were issued from 12: 00 on the same day and were issued at 14: 00, with more than 1,000 tickets issued. Customers who don’t have an appointment voucher can get an appointment voucher the day after tomorrow at the duty-free shop.

　　On February 5th, "Spring Festival Gala in 2021" was held for the third time in Studio 1 of Central Radio and Television General Station as scheduled. The platoon created a brand-new visual effect by means of science and technology, including adopting the latest international digital imaging technology to blend with the program content, giving the audience immersive audio-visual enjoyment.

　　The whole party combines the aesthetics of science and technology with fine content. AR, XR, film special effects technology and so on will present the effects that cannot be completed on the real stage wonderfully, and integrate the virtual space with the real world.

　　Compared with the general AR scene, this year’s Spring Festival Evening works are more complicated and elaborate in AR creation. These works need to scrutinize all kinds of action effects and texture details repeatedly, so that they can accurately correspond to the program content nodes and the changes of lighting, dance beauty and big screen, and naturally blend into the stage reality. The audience covered by AR effect can change the scene with the needs of the program and seamlessly link with the main stage, which is equivalent to moving the stage of the Spring Festival Evening to the whole performance site.

　　XR technology has created multiple scenes and spatial transitions, giving the audience an immersive experience. Virtual effects pay more attention to the in-depth exploration and creation of program ideas, and the application of film special effects technology brings a surprise trip to the audience in front of TV sets and mobile phones.

　　The reception desk adheres to the highest standards, the most practical measures and the strictest requirements in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in the Spring Festival Evening, establishes an organization for the prevention and control of the epidemic situation in the Spring Festival Evening, and formulates and strictly implements the Work Plan for the Prevention and Control of the Epidemic Situation in the Spring Festival Evening in 2021 under the guidance of the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Through many measures, such as nucleic acid detection of cast members and environment, accurate management of cast teams, closed-loop management of starring broadcast areas and related areas, and 75% flow restriction in the studio, people, things and environment have been prevented and controlled simultaneously.

Which one should I see for electric supercar? ROBO X, the most spectacular booth at Guangzhou Auto Show 2024, is a feast for the eyes! As the world’s first AI intelligent driving supercar, Extreme ROBO X ushered in the launch of the auto show, and the extreme version of 07 Passion and the extreme version of 01 Huan were exhibited on the same stage. The whole booth was full of future technology.

Extremely Yue ROBO X is known as the most beautiful model of Guangzhou Auto Show, positioning the world’s first AI intelligent driving supercar, adopting the minimalist design philosophy that less is more, and showing the proportion of supercar as a whole, inspired by fighters, such as the eagle wing door of the wing and the split two-piece large tail wing, which have both rounded lines and sharp posture, creating excellent aerodynamic performance.

In 2024, Extreme Yue ROBO X won the Red Dot Award and the German Design Award, and the original design strength of China became stronger and stronger.

Intelligence is also a very bright spot of Robo X. With the blessing of Baidu Apollo, it applied pure visual high-order intelligent driving technology for the first time to realize "track-level automatic driving", which is the first time in the world to project L4-level automatic driving technology capability on the track.

In terms of intelligent cockpit, the ultra-ROBO X is equipped with a large AI voice model, which can view information such as motor torque, chassis dynamics and thermal management by sending voice commands to SIMO.

In terms of power, the ultra-ROBO X is equipped with a high-performance drive system, with an acceleration of less than 1.9s and a maximum cruising range of more than 650km. In addition, the new car adopts integrated carbon fiber frame and 5052 high-strength aluminum alloy, giving consideration to lightweight and high safety.

Although the ROBO X has not been mass-produced, it can already be booked, and it is expected to be mass-produced in 2027.

Another new car on the booth is the 07 Passion version, with a price of 279,900 yuan and a limited edition of 88 cars.

Extreme Yue 07 Passion Edition is based on Extreme Yue 07, which has stronger dynamic performance. From the name, it can be seen that it is for passionate young people. Extreme Yue 07 Passion Edition is equipped with high-performance three-electric system, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited 100kWh power battery and CLTC cruising range of 770km. Under the support of dual motors and full-time four-wheel drive, the total power of electric drive is 400kW, the peak torque is 686N·m, and the acceleration is 3.7s s..

Chassis, Extreme Yue 07 Passion version adopts all-aluminum front double wishbone/rear H-Arm multi-link independent suspension, and extreme Yue self-developed iRTD real-time damping adjustable vibration reduction system, as well as Brembo four-piston high-performance sports calipers, which is comparable to millions of luxury cars in overall driving and control.

The ultra-yue 01 Huan new model upgrades the high-efficiency electric drive system and silicon carbide power module, and the CLTC pure electric cruising range is increased to 780km, and the fifth-generation U-shaped direction is also upgraded.

summary

As a brand jointly built by Baidu and Geely Holding Group, the company has cut into the market with the differentiation of "robot" model positioning, and gained many young fans with the leading position of intelligent driving and intelligent cockpit. ROBO X, which is now unveiled, is a landmark product, intelligent, electric and super-running. What do you think is the price of the production version? (Text | ｜DAN)

　　Beijing, Dec. 14 (Reporter Li Jinlei) 2017 is about to pass. Looking back on this year, the main line of "benefiting people’s livelihood" runs through the whole year. Among them, as an important part of people’s livelihood work, social security has undergone at least the following ten important changes in 2017, which have a positive impact on your life and mine.

　

　

　　Zhongxin. com reporter Li Jinlei

　

　　Pensions ushered in "13 consecutive rises"

　

　　[Change] In 2017, pensions continued to increase, achieving "13 consecutive rises". The basic pension level of more than 100 million retirees has been raised by about 5.5%. The pensions of the elderly retirees and retirees from enterprises in remote and hard areas have risen a little more appropriately.

　

　　[Impact] As pensions rise, retirees get more money and their lives are more secure. Wu Yue, a 79-year-old retired doctor in Beijing, told the reporter of Zhongxin.com: "My pension can probably rise by more than 200 yuan a year, and now the pension level has reached more than 5,600 yuan, which is enough!"

　

　　The endowment insurance fund began to invest and operate.

　

　　[Change] This year’s pension has started the pace of investment and operation. According to the data released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in November, the investment in the basic old-age insurance fund has been carried out steadily. The governments of nine provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Beijing and Anhui have signed entrusted investment contracts with the Social Security Fund Council, with a total contract value of 430 billion yuan, of which 180 billion yuan has been received and investment has begun.

　

　　[Impact] Chu Fuling, director of the China Social Security Research Center of the Central University of Finance and Economics, told reporters that the pressure of providing for the aged is increasing day by day. Under the principle of safe investment and steady investment, it is necessary to invest in the surplus funds of the endowment insurance fund in various ways, which is conducive to improving the income level and realizing the preservation and appreciation of the fund.

　

　

　

　　Zhongxin. com reporter Li Jinlei

　

　　Inter-provincial medical treatment in different places can be directly settled.

　

　　[Change] In 2017, breakthrough was made in the direct settlement of cross-provincial medical treatment in different places. As of October 31, on the basis that all provincial medical treatment settlement systems and all co-ordination areas in China have been connected to the national medical treatment settlement system in different places, the number of designated medical institutions across provinces in China has increased to 7,688, and the number of registered people has reached 1.81 million.

　

　　[Impact] Direct settlement of medical treatment across provinces and different places saves the insured from the trouble of padding money and running back and forth. Tang Jisong, director of the Social Insurance Management Center of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that all eligible insured persons can use this system to realize direct settlement of hospitalization expenses across provinces and different places, without having to advance their own funds and then reimburse them at the insured place.

　

　　Some state-owned assets enrich the social security fund.

　

　　[Changes] In November, the State Council announced the Implementation Plan for Transferring Part of State-owned Capital to Enrich the Social Security Fund, clarifying that the transfer ratio should be unified to 10% of the state-owned shares of enterprises, and requiring some central enterprises and some provinces to carry out pilot projects in 2017.

　

　　[Impact] Zhang Yinghua, executive researcher of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, told the reporter of Zhongxin.com that with the "blood transfusion" of the social security fund, it will alleviate the pension gap, avoid transferring the gap to the next generation, realize intergenerational equity, and at the same time help to ensure the timely and full payment of pensions and resolve the impact of the aging population on the old-age insurance system.

　

　

　

　　Zhongxin. com reporter Li Jinlei

　

　　Unified bookkeeping interest rate of employee pension insurance personal account

　

　　[Change] According to the "Measures for Unifying and Standardizing the Bookkeeping Interest Rate of Personal Accounts of Employees’ Endowment Insurance" issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in April 2017, the bookkeeping interest rate of personal accounts of basic endowment insurance for government agencies, institutions and enterprises will be unified and announced by the state every year. The bookkeeping interest rate should be mainly determined by considering the factors such as the salary increase of employees and the balance of funds, and adjusted through reasonable coefficients. The bookkeeping interest rate shall not be lower than the bank time deposit interest rate.

　

　　[Impact] In the opinion of experts, it is helpful to realize institutional fairness to uniformly determine the bookkeeping interest rate of individual accounts of basic old-age insurance for government agencies, institutions and enterprise employees. The bookkeeping interest rate should not be lower than the bank time deposit interest rate, which will help guide the insured to actively participate in the insurance and pay in full, and ensure the basic life of the insured after retirement.

　

　　Maternity and medical insurance were merged and implemented.

　

　　[Change] In 2017, 12 cities including Handan City, Jinzhong City, Shenyang City, Taizhou City, Hefei City, Weihai City, Zhengzhou City, Yueyang City, Zhuhai City, Chongqing City, Neijiang City and Kunming City launched a pilot project for the merger of maternity insurance and employee basic medical insurance. The pilot will be launched before the end of June 2017, and the pilot period will be about one year.

　

　　[Impact] According to the requirements, maternity insurance and medical insurance are combined, and the maternity insurance benefits of employees during childbirth remain unchanged. Yang Yansui, director of Tsinghua University Employment and Social Security Research Center, said that because the reimbursement rate of medical insurance in some places has reached 80%-90%, and the reimbursement rate of maternity insurance is still below 70%, the maternity insurance benefits in these places may be improved after the merger.

　

　

　

　　China News Service reporter Li Jinhong photo

　

　　Unemployment insurance rates are reduced and unemployment benefits are increased.

　

　　[Change] On the one hand, it is to reduce the payment rate. From January 1, 2017, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with a total unemployment insurance rate of 1.5% can reduce the total rate to 1%, and the period for reducing the rate will be implemented until April 30, 2018. On the other hand, it is to raise the unemployment insurance standard. According to the Guiding Opinions on Adjusting the Unemployment Insurance Standard issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance, the unemployment insurance standard will be gradually raised to 90% of the minimum wage standard.

　

　　[Impact] Unemployment insurance is jointly paid by the unit and employees. With the reduction of the rate, the burden on enterprises will be further reduced, and the wages of employees may increase more or less. The unemployment benefit standard has been raised to 90% of the minimum wage standard, and the life of the unemployed is more secure.

　

　　Enterprise employees can apply for skills upgrading subsidies.

　

　　[Change] An important function of unemployment insurance is to stabilize employment and prevent unemployment. In 2017, unemployment insurance ushered in a new policy, and eligible employees can apply for a large number of skills upgrading subsidies. The first application condition is to participate in unemployment insurance according to law and pay unemployment insurance premiums for more than 36 months (including 36 months); The second is to obtain primary (level 5), intermediate (level 4) and advanced (level 3) vocational qualification certificates or vocational skill level certificates from January 1, 2017.

　

　　[Impact] The person in charge of the unemployment insurance department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that this mobilized the enthusiasm of employees to learn vocational skills to a certain extent, which was conducive to stabilizing employment and preventing unemployment. According to estimates, about 2 million employees will benefit every year.

　

　

　

　　Zhongxin. com reporter Li Jinlei

　

　　It is planned to pay pension and medical insurance for the unemployed.

　

　　[Change] In November 2017, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security publicly solicited opinions on the Unemployment Insurance Regulations (Revised Draft for Comment). Compared with the current regulations, in the opinion draft, the basic old-age insurance premium, vocational skill appraisal subsidy and entrepreneurship subsidy for the unemployed are added, and the medical subsidy is adjusted to pay the basic medical insurance premium.

　

　　[Impact] The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security pointed out that the payment of basic old-age insurance premiums has solved the problem of the interruption of the payment of old-age insurance for the unemployed and relieved the worries of the unemployed. Paying the basic medical insurance premium ensures that the unemployed enjoy medical insurance benefits, and solves the problem of "getting medical care for the sick" during the period when the unemployed receive the payment.

　

　　Industrial injury insurance benefits are adjusted at least once every two years.

　

　　[Changes] In July 2017, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Guiding Opinions on the Adjustment and Determination Mechanism of Work-related Injury Insurance Benefits", clarifying that in principle, work-related injury insurance benefits should be adjusted at least once every two years.

　

　　[Impact] From the outside world, with the development of economy and society, the average wage and living expenses of employees have changed. Adjusting the treatment level of industrial injury insurance in a timely manner is not only the inherent requirement of the industrial injury insurance system, but also the proper meaning of protecting the rights and interests of the insured.