BEIJING, May 9 (Xinhua) According to the official WeChat news of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Fifth Central Ecological Environmental Protection Inspector Group today gave feedback to Sichuan Province on "looking back" and special inspections. The inspector pointed out that the inspector’s rectification work in Sichuan Province has made important progress and achieved results, but at the same time, there is still a gap in ideological understanding and implementation in some localities and departments. Some rectifications have not achieved the expected results, and there are even problems such as perfunctory rectification, superficial rectification and pretend rectification.

　　From November 3 to December 3, 2018, the Fifth Central Ecological Environmental Protection Inspector Group (hereinafter referred to as the Inspector Group) carried out a "review" on the rectification of the first round of central environmental protection inspectors in Sichuan Province, and arranged special inspectors for the prevention and control of water pollution in the Tuojiang River Basin, and formed inspector opinions.

　　Sichuan province attaches great importance to this "looking back" work, supervising and reforming at the same time, and establishing reforms to promote the solution of ecological and environmental problems around a large number of people. As of March 2019, the problem of mass reporting assigned by the inspector group has been basically settled, of which 1956 were ordered to be rectified; 716 cases were filed for punishment and a fine of 13.5 million yuan was imposed; 13 cases were filed for investigation and 8 people were detained; 219 people were interviewed and 249 people were held accountable.

　　The inspector pointed out that although important progress has been made in the rectification work of inspectors in Sichuan Province, there is still a gap in ideological understanding and implementation in some localities and departments. Some rectifications have not achieved the expected results, and there are even problems such as perfunctory rectification, superficial rectification and pretend rectification.

　　First, the ideological understanding of some localities and departments is still not in place.

　　Some localities and departments have a low political position, lack understanding and attention to the importance and urgency of ecological environmental protection, especially the construction of ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, do not have high requirements for inspectors’ rectification work, do not grasp it tightly, and some rectification tasks are lagging behind. Some problems reported by the masses assigned by the inspector group have not been investigated and dealt with effectively, and some outstanding ecological environmental problems have not been effectively solved. Neijiang Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have not paid enough attention to environmental infrastructure construction, such as serious lag and low quality. The second sewage treatment plant in the city and the second sewage treatment plant in Weiyuan County have not been completed and put into operation on schedule, and there has been no obvious progress in the treatment of 11 black and odorous water bodies. From January to October, 2018, the water quality of 14 of the 24 monitoring sections in Tuojiang River Basin in the city failed to meet the standard, and the water quality from Luojiaba section of Weiyuan River to Shatankou section decreased from Grade III to Grade V..

　　Mianyang City and Anzhou District were scheduled to digest all the phosphogypsum stored in history before the end of 2018, and the actual reduction was less than 20%. At present, about 2.1 million tons are still stored. The "three prevention" measures in the yard are not in place, and leachate and washing wastewater are discharged directly without treatment. Yellow phosphorus enterprises such as Tianming Phosphorus Chemical and Qixing Phosphorus Chemical in Anzhou District have been illegally producing for a long time, and the pollution is very serious. The rectification task of "balance between production and use" of phosphogypsum in Mianzhu City was not completed on schedule. In the new industrial park, enterprises such as Longman Phosphorus Chemical and Sanjia Feed illegally treated production wastewater and illegally discharged phosphogypsum leachate. The maximum total phosphorus concentration in groundwater around the phosphogypsum yard exceeded the Class III standard of surface water by 569 times.

　　Some localities and departments discounted and made flexibility during the rectification process to reduce the rectification requirements. Panzhihua city canceled the clear task of the rectification plan without authorization, lacked the phased goal for the rectification of the sewage treatment plants that were not operating normally, failed to specify the specific time limit for the construction of sewage treatment facilities in the city as required, and even relaxed the rectification time limit for the illegal production activities of limestone mines in the nature reserve of Panzhihua Iron and Steel Group without authorization, resulting in serious ecological damage.

　　In some places, people’s environmental reports are not paid enough attention, and they are not urged at the top, and they are not handled seriously and thoroughly at the bottom. The masses reflected the problem of illegal recycling of used batteries and storage batteries in the waste recycling market of Madao Dashanpo in Xichang City. Xichang City reported the completion of rectification to Liangshan Prefecture Government in November 2017 without implementing the rectification requirements, and Liangshan Prefecture reported the completion of rectification to the provincial government on the same day without verification. The Lotus Garbage Treatment Plant in Jiuhong Township, yantan district City, Zigong City has a serious environmental pollution problem. Zigong City reported that the rectification was completed in August 2018. However, this inspector found that the treatment plant still accumulated about 45,000 cubic meters of landfill leachate, and some leachate was disposed in violation of regulations, resulting in the pollution of surrounding groundwater and Tuojiang River.

　　Second, the implementation of the responsibility for rectification is not effective.

　　The responsibilities of Panzhihua inspector’s rectification implementation plan and departmental responsibility division document overlap, and the boundary is unclear, which leads to the departments of housing construction, water affairs and urban management buck passing. Of the 25 sewage treatment projects that should be completed in 2018, 18 have not started by the time of "looking back". The management committee of Guang ‘an Economic Development Zone and Qianfeng District Government shirked their responsibilities in the maintenance and management of the pipe network between Daishi Town and the sewage treatment plant in the park, and the problem of pipe network damage has not been solved for a long time.

　　The Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has failed to promote the work. Some cities (states) have the idea of "waiting for what is needed" and even relaxed the rectification requirements without authorization. Of the 544 urban and rural domestic sewage treatment projects that should be completed in 2018, 190 have not yet started by the time of "looking back"; Although 160 projects have started, they cannot be completed and put into operation on schedule. Of the 88 sewage treatment plants that were not operating normally pointed out by the first round of inspectors, 27 were still not rectified. The water conservancy department failed to promote the implementation. Only 140 of the 971 small hydropower stations that have completed the ecological discharge measures in the province have installed online monitoring facilities as required, and most of them are not connected to the management department, so it is impossible to effectively monitor the discharged ecological flow.

　　Neijiang City failed to deduct points from Weiyuan County, where the first round of inspectors was handed over to accountability, in the assessment of environmental protection objectives of the party and government in 2017. Dongxing District of the city ranked last in the assessment of environmental protection objectives in 2017, and was interviewed by Neijiang Municipal Committee, but the annual assessment of the top leaders of the "four major teams" was excellent.

　　Third, the problem of perfunctory rectification still exists.

　　Some localities and departments have failed to grasp the work closely, made insufficient efforts, and even had luck, which made it difficult for relevant rectification measures to land. Baodinggou, Caopo, Wolong and other national or provincial nature reserves have not been rectified in place as required, and the forestry departments of relevant cities (states) and counties are not honest in their work and the audit is not strict, and the provincial forestry departments are not effective in supervising and guiding them. Seventeen catering barges in the core area and buffer area of Yibin National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Yangtze River were not banned according to law, and five were in operation at the time of on-site inspection.

　　Of the 192 domestic waste treatment projects in the province that should be completed in 2018, 77 have not yet started as of "looking back". Of the 18 domestic waste treatment projects that Aba Prefecture should complete in 2018, 15 have not yet started as of "looking back"; Leachate from six landfill sites, such as Dongba Town, nanbu county City, Nanchong City and Yuanba Town, Nanjiang County, Bazhong City, was not treated properly, causing pollution to surrounding groundwater and farmland; In addition, although the informal landfill sites in Nanmu, Fuhu and Jianxing towns of nanbu county, Nanchong City have been closed, the stored garbage has not been removed, and the pollution hazard is obvious.

　　Fourth, surface rectification and pretend rectification have occurred from time to time.

　　Provincial Economic Information Commission perfunctory response in the clean-up and rectification of "scattered pollution" enterprises, lax and untrue, replaced inspection with scheduling, neither strengthened guidance nor carried out assessment, and the clean-up and rectification work of "scattered pollution" enterprises in the province was ineffective. At the same time, due to the poor progress of rectification work, 7 of the 14 provincial industrial park sewage treatment plants that should be completed and put into operation in 2018 are difficult to be completed and put into operation on schedule; Sewage treatment facilities in 25 city (county) industrial parks could not be completed and put into operation on schedule.

　　It was not until November 2018 that Chengdu High-tech Zone made clear the requirements for pollution control and rectification of Tuojiang River. As of "looking back", the water quality standard scheme of Jiangxi River Basin has not yet been issued, and the dredging work of 480,000 cubic meters of Jiangxi River tributaries has not yet been carried out; 18 sewage treatment facilities in 12 townships (towns) were not built as required. Sancha town even adopted the method of installing steel wire frame in the sewage ditch to fill gravel filtration to treat sewage, which was superficial and had no practical effect. Due to the superficial remediation work, the water quality of Jiangxi River deteriorated from Class III in 2016 to Class IV in 2018, and even appeared worse than Class V in April 2018.

　　Luzhou City has been slow in promoting water environment improvement in key river basins such as the main stream of the Yangtze River and Tuojiang River. The sewage treatment plants in the south and east of the city have insufficient treatment capacity, and the construction of pipe network is lagging behind. A large amount of sewage in the main city is directly discharged into the environment. The sewage treatment capacity of the sewage treatment station in Luohan Brewing Base of LU ZHOU LAO JIAO CO.,LTD Co., Ltd. is insufficient, the sewage leaks and the sludge disposal is not standardized; Luzhou Guocui Distillery smuggled the production wastewater into the Yangtze River through the rainwater pipe network. The remediation of sewage outlets entering the river in ziyang is a mere formality. Twenty-one sewage outlets in Yanjiang section of Jiuqu River and 84 sewage outlets in Ziyang section of Yanghua River are not connected to the sewage interception pipeline, and the sewage is directly discharged into Tuojiang River.

　　Liangshan Prefecture adjusted the 2.35 km landscape road illegally built in the core area and buffer area of Lugu Lake Wetland Nature Reserve for monitoring and popularization of science, but it could not prevent tourists from entering, and the rectification was nominal. The Wangfufu Ruins Museum and two tourist docks, which were illegally built in the core area, were not included in the scope of rectification, and were still in operation at the time of inspection. The work of Yanyuan County Government in Liangshan Prefecture was untrue, and the rectification was completed in May 2018. In August 2018, the State Forestry Bureau also submitted the rectification and sales information to the Provincial Forestry Department, which was fraudulent.

　　Special inspectors found that in recent years, Sichuan Province has intensified its efforts to rectify the water environment problems in Tuojiang River, and achieved initial results. However, the structural and layout pollution problems in Tuojiang River Basin are still outstanding, and the situation is not optimistic.

　　Management of environmental infrastructure construction is not in place. Twenty-six sewage treatment plant projects and 12 sewage pipe network projects in the Ziyang section of Jiuqu River and Yanghua River, as well as six sewage treatment plants in Xindu District of Chengdu, could not be completed on schedule. Of the 28 municipal and county domestic sewage treatment plants currently operating in Tuojiang River Basin, 4 are not operating normally, and 19 supporting pipe networks have not realized rain and sewage diversion. The Sanxingdui Sewage Treatment Plant in Guanghan City, Deyang City, due to reasons such as inadequate pipe network construction, damage and mixed flow of rain and sewage, the average influent concentration of chemical oxygen demand in August 2018 was only 46.9 mg/L; The design scale of shifang city Sewage Treatment Plant is 30,000 tons/day. Due to incomplete rainwater and sewage diversion, a large amount of rainwater and river water are mixed into the pipe network, and the operating load exceeds the design capacity by about 50% for a long time.

　　Agricultural and rural pollution is still serious. In Tuojiang River basin, the average amount of chemical fertilizer per mu is 16.5 kg, the average amount of pesticide per mu is 0.35 kg, and the utilization rate of pesticide and chemical fertilizer is only about 30%, which leads to the prominent problem of non-point source pollution and the general situation of total phosphorus exceeding the standard. Eight large-scale livestock and poultry farms (communities), such as Shipan Research Institute of the Provincial Animal Science Research Institute in jianyang city, Chengdu, have not completed the relocation work on schedule, and the aquaculture wastewater in Wen ‘an Breeding Community in Dongxing District of Neijiang City has been directly discharged.

　　The remediation of black and odorous water bodies is not enough. There are 24 black and odorous water bodies in the built-up areas of cities at the prefecture level and above in the Tuojiang River Basin. As of October 2018, 13 of them have just started, and the remediation work is obviously lagging behind. January & mdash; 2018; In October, the three assessment sections of Qiuxi Estuary, Xingfu Village and Gongchengpu Ferry of Tuojiang River failed to meet the assessment objectives, and the average concentration of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen in the national control section of Weiyuan River Liao Jia weir increased instead of falling.

　　The inspector demanded that the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government should correctly handle the relationship between economic development and ecological environmental protection and resolutely shoulder the political responsibility of ecological civilization construction and ecological environmental protection. We must hold our ground, consolidate our achievements, make overall plans to promote water environmental protection, continue to pay close attention to the prevention and control of water pollution in the main stream of the Yangtze River and important tributaries such as Tuojiang River and Minjiang River, accelerate the construction of domestic sewage treatment facilities in urban and rural areas, and focus on solving the problems of inadequate pipe network and poor operation and management. It is necessary to seriously investigate the responsibility according to discipline and law, and instruct the relevant departments to further investigate and clarify the responsibility for dereliction of duty, and to be serious, accurate and effective in accordance with relevant regulations.

CCTV News:At present, 400,000 mu of vegetables in Gushi County, Henan Province have also reached the harvest season. Relying on the development of vegetable industry, the local area has driven farmers to increase their income and increase market supply.

In a vegetable planting base in Gushi County, Henan Province, 40 greenhouses cover a total area of more than 60 mu and supply vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and beans all the year round. According to technicians, this kind of fruit cucumber is very popular at present, with high yield and good economic benefits.

In recent years, the local government has built a high-quality and efficient vegetable industry according to local conditions, and constantly promoted the large-scale, intensive and standardized development of the vegetable industry. At present, the vegetable planting area in the county is 400,000 mu, and the vegetable industry has become a characteristic industry for local farmers to increase their income.

[Expert opinion]

Digital productivity is an important manifestation of new quality productivity (Xinhua News Agency & Sichuan Daily)　

During his recent inspection tour in Heilongjiang, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that integrating scientific and technological innovation resources will lead the development of strategic emerging industries and future industries and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity. At the symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era held on September 7, the General Secretary once again pointed out that "we should actively cultivate strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing and electronic information, actively cultivate future industries, accelerate the formation of new quality productivity, and enhance the development of new kinetic energy."　

Jiang Yongmu, Dean and Professor of School of Economics, Sichuan University, and Ma Wenwu, Associate Professor of School of Marxism, recently published an article "What is the new quality productivity? Where is the new one? It is pointed out that new quality productivity exists relative to old quality productivity, and the current manifestations of new quality productivity include digital productivity, green productivity and blue productivity.　

"Digital productivity" refers to the ability to integrate other factors of production through digital technology, create material products and spiritual products that meet social needs, and promote national economic growth. It is the digital result of the trinity of productivity factors, namely workers, labor materials and labor objects. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to the development of digital productivity, and profoundly points out that technologies such as Internet, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and blockchain are accelerating innovation, and are increasingly integrated into the whole process of economic and social development. Countries are competing to formulate digital economy development strategies and introduce incentive policies. The digital economy is developing at an unprecedented speed, with a wide range of radiation and unprecedented influence. It is becoming a key force to reorganize global factor resources, reshape the global economic structure and change the global competition pattern. This important exposition fully shows that "digital productivity" has a profound impact on economic and social development and plays a great role.　

In the face of fierce international competition, China should seize the opportunity, speed up the construction of digital China, enhance "digital productivity", actively promote the formation of new quality productivity, and realize the iterative upgrading and leap-forward development of China’s productivity. We should seize the opportunity of digital development, strengthen the innovative application of key digital technologies, activate the potential of data elements, accelerate the construction of digital economy, digital society and digital government, and drive the transformation of production mode, lifestyle and governance mode with digitalization. Specifically, we should achieve "three passes": transform China’s traditional industries through "industrial digitalization" to make traditional industries form new productive forces; Create new market products, new industrial formats and new business models through "digital industrialization"; Empower social and economic development from a more basic level through "digital governance", and open up the blocking points of production, circulation, exchange and consumption, so that economic and social development is more smooth and convenient.　

The key to moving from a digital power to a digital power (People’s Forum Network)　

Liu Xiaoxin, director of the Virtual Economy and Management Research Center of Nankai University and professor of the School of Economics, recently published an article in the People’s Forum entitled "The Key to Moving from a Digital Power to a Digital Power". The article points out that China’s digital economy has achieved remarkable results. The digital economy has helped people to live a better life, injected vitality into the real economy, built a new financial ecology, and promoted the modernization of governance capacity. At the same time, the article points out that there are still many problems in the construction of digital economy system and mechanism in China.　

One isThe data information management standard is not perfect. Although the reuse of data is economically efficient, the privacy and security problems caused by it are increasingly prominent. As the producer of data, individuals can not only get the ownership of data, but also face the risk of data leakage and abuse. As data collectors, large platform companies usually hoard data to improve the threshold of industry access and limit industry competition. The confirmation, pricing and circulation of data need to be market-oriented, but it is also inseparable from the government’s standardized supervision of its development. Personal privacy needs to be protected, and at the same time, it needs to allow individuals to voluntarily transfer their privacy. Therefore, we must first clarify the ownership of personal data, so that individuals have the right to decide where their privacy is used. However, the current legal rules lack a solid theoretical foundation and practical experience in dealing with data competition. The degree of restriction of data monopoly on market competition is relatively hidden, and it is difficult to measure the decrease of market efficiency and the loss of consumer welfare caused by it.　

The second isThe digital transformation mode is not perfect. Digital technology is only the starting point. To realize the digital transformation of enterprises, it is necessary to start from the demand of digital transformation of enterprises and analyze the difficulties and pain points in the process of business transformation. The digital transformation of enterprises requires efforts in management and operation, which can greatly improve the efficiency of production and sales. The government needs to pay attention to the importance of providing relevant services and provide more support for economic entities. In addition, attention should be paid to bridging the digital divide in the process of digital transformation. Due to the different contact and use of digital technology between different regions and groups, some regions and groups are in a weak position in the development of digital economy, and their economic benefits are low.　

The third isThe development path of digital finance is not clear. In the national and local policies on digital economy, most of them focus on digital infrastructure and digital industry. The development path of digital finance and technology and finance in digital economy needs to be further clarified. Digital finance is inclusive, which can improve the income of residents in backward areas and promote inclusive economic growth. At the same time, digital finance has also brought some adverse effects to the development of digital economy. Financial fraud, unlicensed practice and the barbaric growth of financial technology companies are common occurrences. The essence of finance is to serve the real economy. In the era of digital economy, digital finance needs to give back to the real industry with higher quality financial services, and use scarce financial resources to promote the development of digital technology and the digital transformation of industries. The development of digital finance needs encouragement, and correct innovation can improve its operation efficiency; The development of digital finance also needs to be standardized, and government supervision can correct the bad tendency of digital finance that is purely profit-seeking. The government should attach importance to the position of digital finance in the development of digital economy, and plan and guide the development path of digital finance.　

The fourth isThe traditional statistical accounting system is not applicable. Many countries and international organizations have made a lot of explorations on digital economy accounting, but there is no consistent standard on the scope, classification and accounting methods of digital economy, and the accounting results obtained by various institutions are significantly different. In the future, with the further penetration of the digital economy into the traditional economy, all production and life will contain digital components, and how to accurately calculate the digital economy will be a major issue facing our country. At present, the accounting system of China’s digital economy focuses on the industrial perspective, which is easy to fall into the blind area of "only output value theory". It is difficult to accurately measure the inclusive application of digital technology in life, the construction of digital ecological environment and the innovation and breakthrough of digital technology under the current accounting system. In addition, when accounting for the digital industry, it is more difficult to account for the digital part of the industry compared with the digital industrialization part because it needs to separate the digital components from the traditional economic activities. Generally speaking, the accounting system of digital economy is far from meeting the requirements of the development of digital economy, and it is urgent to build an accounting system with China’s practical characteristics and suitable for international comparison.　

This paper puts forward four suggestions on how to build a good digital economy system and mechanism.　

First, integrate the administrative planning of digital economy.Set up a full-time organization for the development of digital economy to promote the synergy of various departments. As the focus of China’s development, the digital economy has not yet formed a full-time organization at the national level to take charge of overall command and coordination. Some local governments have taken the lead in making innovations in the form of digital economy administration. In Zhejiang Province, a Digital Economy Department has been set up under the Department of Economy and Information Technology to realize the overall leadership of digital economy development in the province. The digital economy covers many fields, such as science and technology, industry and people’s livelihood. The optimization and innovation of the administrative form of the digital economy will better integrate various administrative forces, improve the efficiency of policy formulation and implementation, give full play to the role of administrative forces in cultivating and supporting the digital economy, integrate the development planning of the digital economy in many fields, and realize the "multi-regulation integration" of digital economy planning. The development planning of digital economy in many fields, such as economic construction planning, urban and rural development planning, land use planning, industrial layout planning, etc., should be embodied in a development blueprint. In recent years, most provincial administrative regions in China have made development plans for digital economy, but their emphases are different. Decentralized planning is difficult to reflect the centralized will of the government. Therefore, the state should take the lead in the integration of digital economy planning and promote the orderly development of digital economy planning and integration.　

Second, safeguard the rights and interests of citizens in the digital economy.China passed the Data Security Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on June 10th, 2021, and the Personal Information Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on August 20th, 2021, which restrained the infringement of citizens’ rights and interests in the digital economy from the legal level. However, the development of digital economy is changing with each passing day. Under the influence of the profit-seeking and blindness of capital, the infringement of consumers’ rights and interests in digital industry will become more and more serious, and the infringement of citizens’ rights such as algorithm manipulation, data killing and privacy trading will be more hidden. Therefore, compared with the perfection of laws and regulations, it is more important to update and adapt the regulatory means and regulatory concepts for the digital economy where new things emerge one after another. To grasp the strength of supervision, we should pay equal attention to management and release, intervene and regulate moderately on the premise of cultivating fertile soil for the growth of digital economy, and prevent the digital economy from damaging citizens’ rights and interests.　

Third, guard against the systemic risks of digital finance.The development of digital finance is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, digital finance has played a positive role in the development of the real economy and the improvement of people’s lives; On the other hand, because of its extensive coverage, the speed and scale of risk contagion far exceed that of traditional finance, which brings new challenges to national financial supervision. Digital finance lowers the entry threshold of the financial market, stimulates the disorderly expansion of various Internet finance enterprises, and attracts a large number of enterprises and individuals to engage in speculative activities, which increases the systemic risk of the financial market. Profits from digital finance should be based on the development of the real economy, and its profit rate should be normal. Excessive profit rate is not conducive to the growth of the real economy and is also unsustainable. China’s supervision of digital finance and technology and finance fully shows that its supervision of emerging things is maturing, and the central government and relevant departments have made timely adjustments to policies, encouraged innovation, and tried first. The regulatory authorities also played a key role in the relaxed regulatory environment in the early days of the network economy. On the one hand, encourage innovation and increase support for technological innovation and industrial innovation; On the other hand, in terms of system, regulations and supervision, the gradual policy adjustment is implemented, which is loose in the early stage, moderate in the middle stage and strict in the mature stage, which not only promotes the development of online payment, but also makes China’s online financial activities gradually enter a stable and orderly development track. In the future, the regulatory authorities need to conduct full coverage supervision of financial activities and unify supervision of digital financial companies. At the same time, the regulatory authorities can also use technology to improve their regulatory capabilities and implement accurate monitoring and control of financial risks. Anyway,On the premise of ensuring financial security, the regulatory authorities should still encourage financial innovation and support the development of digital finance.　

Fourth, participate in global digital governance.From a global perspective, digital governance has become the main direction of government transformation around the world. Establishing a digital government with citizen participation as the core is the inherent requirement of the development of the digital economy era. However, due to the differences in digital governance demands and consensus among countries, it is difficult to establish an effective and unified global digital governance system. The establishment of global digital governance rules system should be the result of cooperation and multilateral consultation among countries, and should not be formulated by developed countries alone, but should be combined with the actual requirements of developing countries. As the largest developing country, China has the responsibility and obligation to participate in the co-construction of the global digital governance system and contribute to the world’s digital governance programs, such as the formulation of international rules for digital economy and cyberspace, the reconstruction of digital currency and the financial system. China’s active participation in global digital governance is a necessary way to promote the construction of a mutually beneficial and win-win international system. Effective and unified global digital governance takes the community of human destiny as the core concept and takes into account the interests of all countries in the world. Therefore, China should give full play to the positive role of digital economy in building a community of human destiny and make contributions to the common progress of all human society.　

【 A number of merchants prosper agriculture and celebrate a bumper harvest 】

The activity of "2023 Prospering Agriculture by Counting Merchants and Celebrating Harvest" was launched (Ministry of Commerce)　

In order to thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and in accordance with the "Golden September and Silver 10" work arrangement of the Ministry of Commerce to promote consumption, the "2023" activity guided by the E-commerce Department was officially launched on September 23, and will last for one month until October 22.　

The activities were combined with the celebration of China Farmers Harvest Festival, which helped farmers to have a bumper harvest and enriched and promoted the consumption of urban and rural residents. Relying on the China E-commerce Rural Revitalization Alliance, e-commerce platforms and enterprises were widely guided to participate. Twenty-three alliance members launched 38 promotion measures, covering production and marketing docking, business assistance, personnel training, information services, publicity and promotion, including opening special online consumption zones such as soybeans and staple foods. Special activities such as agricultural specialty shopping festival, origin tracing, fresh picking, "promoting agriculture by several merchants" and brand innovation of "consumption+local products" were launched, and promotions such as "live broadcast+origin", "live broadcast+industrial belt" and "live broadcast+landmark" were carried out, covering more than 100,000 products.　

As an important measure of business service for rural revitalization, the work of "Boosting Agriculture with Several Businessmen" focuses on key tasks such as brand building of agricultural products network, talent training and new infrastructure development. It has carried out local activities of "Boosting Agriculture with Several Businessmen" in 13 provinces and cities, which has helped docking sales to exceed 2.3 billion yuan, and promoted a series of cooperation in product procurement, industrial belt cooperation, entrepreneurship and employment. More than 3,000 enterprises benefited from the "three products and one standard" certification and passed the China e-commerce rural project.　

Various e-commerce platforms have taken many measures to help agricultural products "go out of the village and enter the city" (China Business Daily)　

On the occasion of the sixth China Farmers’ Harvest Festival, colorful activities to promote consumption were carried out all over the country. The major e-commerce platforms actively responded to the call and held various marketing activities to help agricultural products "go out of the village and enter the city".　

Subsidies and low prices are still one of the main themes of the e-commerce platform Harvest Festival promotion activities. For example, JD.COM held a shopping festival for agricultural specialties, and through the implementation of "10 billion subsidies", it supported a number of high-quality agricultural specialties to reduce prices and improve service experience, and helped a large number of high-quality agricultural specialties from more than 2,000 industrial belts across the country to reach consumers’ tables and help farmers increase their income by selling goods. Millions of merchants in Meituan’s linkage platform have set up online special pages to promote consumption through Meituan’s optimization, Meituan’s grocery shopping and Meituan’s flash shopping, and invested tens of millions of subsidies to make high-quality specialty agricultural products from all over the country sell well through online platforms. Pinduoduo launched the "Duoduo Harvest Pavilion", invested 1 billion yuan in resource packages, and joined forces with 300,000 agriculture-related businesses and over 1,000 agricultural producing areas across the country to promote the quality improvement and efficiency improvement of agricultural products industrial belts.　

In addition to exerting strength at the sales end, the e-commerce platform also extends its tentacles to the production end. The e-commerce platform opens the source of direct mining, reduces the intermediate circulation of goods, ensures the quality of goods and the traceability of the supply chain, and provides consumers with more secure products. JD.COM Jiama agricultural special products’ source direct-sending mode, relying on JD.COM’s efficient digital and intelligent supply chain, goes deep into the origin, allowing high-quality agricultural special products to reach the table directly from the origin. It also cooperates with local governments and associations to reduce procurement costs through large-scale direct procurement at the source. Meituan buys vegetables through the "local sharp goods" plan, and completes the whole link of production and marketing in one day through traffic support, bulk purchase and direct source purchase in many places, improving the efficiency of the supply chain.　

Taobao Tmall sells more than 1 trillion agricultural products in 4 years (China Economic Weekly)　

Recently, Taotian Group released data showing that in the past four years, the sales of agricultural products on Taobao Tmall platform exceeded 1 trillion yuan. During this year’s Harvest Festival, Taobao Tmall went deep into the country of origin, invested billions of traffic support, and broadcast live in more than 130 industrial belts, covering more than one million agricultural products, helping more agricultural products out of the mountains. The data shows that from 2023 to now, Pu ‘er, rice, beef, ready-to-eat bird’s nest and sausage rank in the top five in the sales of agricultural products in Taobao; Broccoli, donkey-hide gelatin paste, cherries and watermelon have the fastest growth rate; Consumers in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu prefer to buy agricultural products in Taobao. In addition, Taotian Group and Intellectual Property Publishing House signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement and launched the action plan of "Landmark Line-Prosperity of Geographical Indication Brand" to support and promote more than 2,000 geographical indication agricultural products approved by the state to join Taobao Tmall platform, providing all-round support for expanding online sales of geographical indication agricultural products.　

JD.COM released the "Benfu Plan" for rural revitalization (China Net)　

Recently, JD.COM officially released five major actions of "Ben Fu Plan" for rural revitalization. First, through brand building, help local agricultural special industries to speed up; The second is to accelerate the circulation of agricultural products through the sinking of infrastructure; The third is to accelerate the development of the whole industrial chain of digital intelligence by extending to the production end; The fourth is to speed up the modernization of rural governance through digital intelligence empowerment; Fifth, by strengthening personnel training, we will accelerate rural capacity building. In August, 2020, JD.COM launched the "Plan for Prosperity" for rural revitalization in an all-round way. As of June this year, the goal of "driving rural output value to exceed one trillion in three years" has been completed ahead of schedule, helping millions of farmers to increase their income and embark on the road of prosperity.　

Tik Tok helped to sell 4.73 billion agricultural special products in one year (cover news)　

Recently, Tik Tok E-commerce released the "Data Report on Tik Tok E-commerce Helping Agriculture in Harvest Festival 2023", which shows that from September 2022 to September 2023, Tik Tok E-commerce helped to sell 4.73 billion agricultural special products, with an average of 13 million parcels of agricultural special products sold all over the country every day. The number of short videos of agricultural special products sold by e-commerce trailers in Tik Tok was 21.86 million, and the total time of explaining agricultural special products in the live broadcast room was 37.78 million hours. The sales of agricultural special products driven by shelf scenes increased by 137% year-on-year. The number of experts in agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased by 105% year-on-year, the number of agricultural goods merchants increased by 83% year-on-year, and there were more than 24,000 agricultural goods merchants with annual sales exceeding one million yuan. In terms of age distribution, the post-90s consumers have become the main consumers of agricultural products in Tik Tok e-commerce, accounting for nearly 40% of the purchases. According to statistics, after 00 and 60, the purchase volume of group agricultural products increased by more than 150% year-on-year, making it a potential consumer.　

The report of Renmin University pointed out that it is necessary to crack down on e-commerce "going to the countryside is easy to help agriculture" (Economic Observer)　

A few days ago, the research group of the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of China Renmin University released the "Digital Intelligence Supply Chain Helps Rural Revitalization" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report"), which pointed out that most e-commerce enterprises actually present the dilemma of "going to the countryside is easy, but helping agriculture is difficult", and it is necessary to break through the constraints in mode and system to solve this problem.　

Specifically, e-commerce companies have three major dilemmas: "It is easy to go to the countryside but difficult to help agriculture". First, market certainty decays in the process of upstream transmission. E-commerce companies can accurately measure the market demand according to the sales data, but this certain time period is not enough to cover the agricultural production cycle to help farmers (including large farmers) reduce market risks. Second, the spillover risk of circulation and production links is relatively high. Small and medium-sized producers directly and dispersedly enter the market circulation, and the institutional transaction cost makes it impossible for both parties to establish stable income expectations, and even shows an antagonistic relationship to some extent. The bidding procurement mechanism forces farmers to pass on costs to the ecological environment and consumers. Third, the high mobility of commodities increases food safety risks. "Hong merchants replace sitting merchants" and "virtual space replaces physical space" reduce the income share of wholesale and supermarket real estate in the circulation system, but it also increases the difficulty of food quality and safety supervision.　

In view of this problem, the Report gives some suggestions and measures for e-commerce enterprises to go to the countryside with the case of JD.COM’s assistance to rural revitalization. First, the rural market in China has great potential. However, due to its geographical dispersion and relatively weak local logistics supply chain, many e-commerce companies are facing a series of challenges when entering the rural market. JD.COM’s logistics system, which focuses on asset investment and integrates warehousing and distribution, shows its unique competitive advantage. The second is to optimize intermediate links to help local governments obtain high returns. According to the market demand, JD.COM’s dispatching system will be adjusted quickly, and the scale of warehousing, wholesale and logistics at all levels will be deduced directly by using the data of the consumer side, which has made beneficial adjustments to the inherent industrial chain of traditional agriculture. Third, brand innovation activates local resources. JD.COM has realized the transformation from local low value-added industries to high value-added industries by brand building, and activated local resources.　

[number-reality fusion]

Tencent report emphasizes the integration of number and reality to strengthen the resilience of industrial development from three aspects (Tencent Research Institute)　

On September 26th, Tencent Cloud and Smart Industry Group released "Report on High-quality Development of Digital Economy in 2023" (hereinafter referred to as "Report"), pointing out that in the past five years, the "cloudization" of China’s industry was initially completed, the software and hardware infrastructure and ecology were self-contained, and the industry began to evolve into "intelligence". Digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence have been further integrated with industrial scenes, and the "resilience" of China’s industrial development has been continuously strengthened. The Report summarizes the development resilience of China’s industry as strengthening the impact resistance of the industrial chain, stimulating the endogenous growth of enterprises, releasing consumption vitality and enhancing social service capacity.　

In the industrial chain, digital technology has brought new models and new forms. Take the garment industry chain as an example. As a part of the industry chain, Xunxing Zipper, a zipper manufacturer, integrates all links from customer’s orders to the circulation of production materials, inventory monitoring, production, quality inspection, logistics and distribution on enterprise WeChat, and opens up the cooperative chain of the whole industry chain. This quick-response industrial chain has successfully supported the "small order and quick return" mode of cross-border e-commerce in China, such as Shein and Temu, so that they can produce new styles of clothing in weeks or even days to meet the immediate needs of overseas users; However, the fresh cold chain industry has long been plagued by the high spoilage rate in the process of transshipment and circulation. Large meat, eggs and milk suppliers hope to use Tencent Cloud server to store data and connect outlets with Tencent Big Data to establish a nationwide smart logistics network, improve scheduling timeliness, reduce transportation costs, speed up inventory turnover, and create a new digital paradigm for the cold chain industry.　

In the endogenous growth of enterprises, digital technology opens up the "aorta" and "capillary" of enterprise development, profoundly changes the production, operation and management methods of enterprises, and effectively stimulates the endogenous growth of enterprises. Fuchi Hi-Tech’s AI quality inspection scheme compresses the quality inspection completed in one minute to a few seconds, and the defect detection rate reaches 99.9%. The digital port built by China Merchants has realized "one-stop" customs declaration application, and the customs clearance efficiency has increased by 50%, which directly promoted the port’s year-on-year throughput growth by more than 6 times; Ruitai Masteel’s twin "transparent factory" with digital technology has improved the production efficiency by 30% and reduced the failure rate by 25%.　

In terms of consumption vitality, digital technology further shortens the distance between enterprises and users and activates users’ willingness to consume. Baiguoyuan has built more than 12.9 million private community users through applets, WeChat and enterprise WeChat, and built a new marketing model: taking stores as drainage points and communities as private domain operating positions to build a user service network, opening up communities, applet malls and offline stores, integrating online and offline experiences, providing users with refined services and increasing sales. In 2022, Baiguoyuan was not only successfully listed, but also its revenue was close to 15 billion yuan.　

Three Development Trends of Retail Digitization (Billion Power)　

Recently, Billion Think Tank and Bojun Research Institute jointly released "Responding to Retail Performance Growth-Practice Report on Retail Digital Growth in 2023", focusing on how retail enterprises respond to performance growth through digitalization, and summing up three future development trends of retail enterprise digitalization in the stock era.　

The first is to reconstruct all factors and achieve a brand of 100 billion. The retail organism reconstructs all the elements of people, goods and fields, and taps the incremental development of online and offline, which is the growth base for establishing a 100 billion brand.　

From the online point of view, the retail organism separates the main body of commodity sales and delivery performance, lowers the operating threshold of small and medium-sized dealers and talents, enables brands to make full use of social and live channel dividends, develop key leaders, key opinion consumers and key opinion sales, and establish a trading model of online sales and brand overall performance, laying the foundation for enterprises to expand their scale. From the offline point of view, through inventory sharing and pallet opening, the brand can realize the integration of omni-channel purchase, sale and storage, and the number of SKUs that can be sold in a single channel has greatly increased, thus improving the efficiency of a single store. In addition, the integration of purchase, sale and storage greatly enhances the brand’s ability to manage stores, thus realizing the laying of thousands of offline stores and covering a wider sinking incremental market. From the perspective of members, the global membership data has been opened, and the brand marketing ability has been greatly improved. With omni-channel ordering and cross-channel performance, the brand can respond to consumers’ purchasing demands at any time, seize consumers’ fleeting purchasing desires, and achieve efficient transformation.　

The second is to optimize the whole chain and build a retail organism. Retail organisms reshape the business chain, reconstruct the value chain, respond quickly, and deliver immediately as the basic ability. Profit distribution and immediate receipt are the "lubricants" of their operation. Manufacturing, omni-channel sales and omni-channel performance become an organic whole: sales promote reverse customization of production, and production information sharing improves performance efficiency; Omni-channel access provides more flexible purchase scenarios, and automatic account sharing/settlement enhances the willingness and efficiency of all parties in the industrial chain; Omni-channel quick response and quick delivery establish the operation base of online stores and offline stores to meet the timeliness requirements of consumers’ constantly improving commodity delivery.　

The third is the global full-scenario operation and the value of data assets. Global full-scenario operation enables retail enterprises to accumulate rich data assets. The application of emerging technologies such as AIGC and Big Model in the fields of marketing and customer service will require large-scale data, and at the same time, more data will be generated. Driven by the policy, retail data needs to be confirmed, priced and traded, and the trend of data asset value has become clear. The digital department will undertake the growth of retail enterprise data assets, and its role will change from functional department to growth department.　

Guolian Co., Ltd. deeply reconstructs the industrial supply chain through digital empowerment (Yibang Power)　

The titanium industry chain starts from the original titanium-bearing ore, to the titanium middling, titanium concentrate and then to titanium tetrachloride. Guolian Co., Ltd. reconstructs the titanium industry supply chain by digitally empowering the cloud factory, and helps enterprises to improve their production capacity, save energy and increase income while realizing their high-speed growth, which makes the cloud factory devote more energy to technology research and development.　

According to the development of titanium industrial chain, Guolian shares extend upstream and downstream after a single product breakthrough. Because the price of rutile contained in stone ore and titanium middling ore is much higher than that of titanium concentrate, Guolian shares locked in Zhongxing Electronics when looking for rutile customers. Initially, the cooperation between Zhongxing Electronics and Guolian Co., Ltd. was only a commodity transaction, that is, Guolian Co., Ltd. provided raw materials for Hongxing Electronics. In the process of cooperation, as they gradually understand each other’s technology and advantages, the two sides decided to cooperate deeply to digitally empower Zhongxing Electronics, and Zhongxing Electronics became the first digital cloud factory of Guolian in the titanium industry chain.　

The mode of cooperation between the two parties is as follows: Guolian Co., Ltd. collects orders downstream and delivers them to Zhongxing Electronics, and Zhongxing Electronics formulates production plans in combination with its other customers’ needs, and then Tuduoduo Platform under Guolian Co., Ltd. provides raw materials as planned, and Zhongxing Electronics does not need to pay in advance for raw materials supply. The production cycle of the order is 6-8 hours. After shipment, it will be shipped directly by Tuduoduo, and the profit will be calculated every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Guolian will pay the profit to Zhongxing Electronics first, and the two parties will settle the account in half a month, a month or even a quarter.　

In the early days, Zhongxing Electronics purchased raw materials in the form of decentralized procurement. The backlog of raw materials in the factory warehouse could not be realized quickly, which increased the cost invisibly. The price of raw materials fluctuated greatly, and the supply of raw materials was difficult to meet when the price increased. After in-depth cooperation in the supply chain, all the core raw materials of Zhongxing Electronics, rutile and calcined coke, were purchased through Tuduo, which not only obtained more favorable prices, but also reduced the backlog of raw materials; At the same time, the proportion of products sold by Zhongxing Electronics to Guolian shares is above 90%, and only two people need to dock with Guolian shares in terms of purchasing and selling, saving labor costs.　

After solving the problems of raw materials and cost, Zhongxing Electronics can put more energy into technology research and development. Zhongxing Electronics completed the technical innovation of chlorination method, and processed it with titanium raw materials containing 50% titanium, which was about 38% lower than the purity of the raw materials used before. Based on the final product titanium tetrachloride, the cost per ton was saved by about 2,000 yuan.　

With the increasing demand for energy consumption and environmental protection in recent years, Guolian helped Zhongxing Electronics to carry out digital transformation, which enabled the factory to monitor the energy consumption of various equipment in real time and control the cost and operation efficiency, so that Zhongxing Electronics received energy subsidies in 2022 and 2023, and the subsidy amount in 2022 exceeded 400,000 yuan.　

Through digital transformation, the capacity of cloud factories in the titanium industrial chain of Guolian Co., Ltd. has been improved. Mengda Titanium Industry upstream of Zhongxing Electronics produces high slag titanium, with an original production capacity of 4,000-5,000 tons and a full production capacity of 15,000 tons at present. Shengfeng Titanium Industry, which mainly produces sponge titanium in the downstream, originally had an annual production capacity of 4,000 tons, with an output value of about 280 million yuan. After the completion of the second phase plant, the annual production capacity will reach 18,000 tons, with an output value of about 1.2 billion yuan. All the furnaces in Shengfeng Titanium Industry use electronic equipment to obtain data, which reduces energy consumption and saves 100-150 kWh per ton of products.　

Up to now, Guolian has signed 65 cloud factories and 27 digital factories. Guolian Co., Ltd. focuses on the upstream chain construction from titanium ore, high slag titanium to titanium tetrachloride and then to sponge titanium, and has provided digital supply chain and digital factory solutions for more than 10 production enterprises, realizing the synergy between the factories in the supply chain.　

[Technology Frontier]

Gartner released five technologies that will profoundly change the digital future of enterprises (The Paper)　

Recently, Gartner, an authoritative analyst in the IT industry, released five technologies that will profoundly change the future digitalization of enterprises, including digital people, satellite communication, micro-environment Internet of Things, secure computing and autonomous robots.　

1. Satellite communication. Driven by the trend of democratization and commercialization in space, people’s interest in LEO satellite communication is increasing. Low time delay makes low earth orbit an important technology for enterprises to completely change the communication between people and things. Gartner predicts that low earth orbit will provide broadband with global coverage and low enough delay for various tasks; Small IOT devices can be directly connected to satellites, achieving economical global IOT coverage, without the complexity brought by SIM cards, telecom operators and roaming; And provide voice and data services from satellites to unmodified 4G smartphones, extending coverage to remote areas.　

2. Micro-environment Internet of Things. Micro-environment Internet of Things can mark, track and sense any object, and avoid the complexity and cost brought by battery-powered equipment. Compared with the past, it can perceive more information and things "quietly" at lower cost and in more ways. This technology will promote the realization of a new ecology; A new business model based on understanding the position or behavior of objects; Smarter products with new behaviors; And lower tracking and monitoring costs. Micro-environment Internet of Things will bring more opportunities to many enterprises, but Gartner suggests evaluating its potential social and regulatory problems before adopting it.　

3. Safety calculation. With the increasingly close relationship between things and the increasing personal information accessed by various ecosystems, secure computing becomes very important. This technology can make full use of data without affecting privacy.　

4. Digital people. Digital people are interactive carriers driven by artificial intelligence (AI), which can imitate some characteristics, personalities, knowledge and ways of thinking of human beings. Digital people can be divided into physical digital people (such as humanoid robots) and virtual digital people (such as virtual singers), or into human-driven digital people (such as imitating some aspects of human beings) and AI-driven digital people (such as digital twins or chat robots). AI-driven digital people don’t need to be human in all respects.　

5. Adaptive autonomous drones and robots. Autonomous systems are physical or software systems that can manage themselves. They have autonomy, learning and agency (personal sense of purpose) when performing tasks. If robots and other technologies are to give full play to their potential, autonomous learning and adaptive systems will be essential.　

Baidu released the first large model of quantum field (Yangguang. com)　

Recently, Baidu released the first large model of quantum field at the 2023 Quantum Industry Conference. Based on ERNIE Bot, this model is a large-scale model in quantum field, which is constructed by using high-quality data in quantum field for more targeted training and optimization. It can better understand quantum knowledge and perform quantum tasks professionally. The big model will give full play to technology synergies, learn from each other’s strengths in data, algorithm and computing power, and realize two-way empowerment. It will fully complement the technical capabilities of the existing big model in various dimensions such as training speed, model performance, training cost, interaction efficiency and data privacy. In addition, Baidu also released two AI native applications, Baidu Quantum Assistant and Quantum Writing Assistant, which continuously lowered the use threshold of Baidu quantum platform, helped enterprises to precipitate research results and intellectual property rights in the quantum field into enterprise assets, and accelerated the deep integration of quantum technology and large models.

In order to implement the relevant requirements of the CPC Central Committee on preventing and resolving major risks, according to the "the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) 2019 Annual Supervision Work Plan", this year, a special investigation on the budget management and reform of the basic old-age insurance fund was organized, and the Budget Working Committee of the Standing Committee was responsible for the specific implementation. Since March this year, the special research group composed of the Budget Working Committee has specially listened to the briefings of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, Audit Office and other relevant departments in the State Council, and has successively conducted field research in Hubei, Liaoning, Jilin and other places, and held special symposiums to listen to the opinions and suggestions of some experts and scholars and some relevant working institutions of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress to analyze and compare the endowment insurance system and reform in typical countries. The relevant situation is now reported as follows.

I. Basic information

The basic old-age insurance covers a wide range of people and has a large scale of fund income and expenditure. It is the most important type of social insurance and the most important part of the social security system. In recent years, governments at all levels and their relevant departments have conscientiously implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, persisted in promoting the construction of a multi-level social security system with full coverage, basic security and sustainability, constantly improved the fund budget preparation, strengthened the fund budget management, and promoted the deepening of the reform of the basic old-age insurance system, which provided strong support for weaving a social security network covering all people and grasping the basic livelihood bottom line.

(A) the basic old-age insurance system

China’s basic old-age insurance consists of urban workers’ basic old-age insurance (enterprise workers’ basic old-age insurance, government institutions’ basic old-age insurance) and urban and rural residents’ basic old-age insurance (see table 1). According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, by the end of 2018, there were 943 million people participating in the basic old-age insurance nationwide. Among them, 419 million urban workers and 524 million urban and rural residents participated in the insurance.

Table 1  Basic situation of basic old-age insurance system

(two) the operation of the basic old-age insurance fund

In 2018, the total income of the national basic endowment insurance fund was 5,483.6 billion yuan, of which the insurance premium income was 3,969.5 billion yuan, accounting for 72.4%; The fiscal subsidy income was 1,215.3 billion yuan, accounting for 22.2%. The total expenditure of the fund was 4,718.7 billion yuan, of which the basic pension expenditure was 4,571.3 billion yuan, accounting for 96.9%. The balance of the fund’s income and expenditure in that year was 764.9 billion yuan, and the accumulated balance of the fund was 5,784.7 billion yuan (see Table 2 for details).

Table 2  Operation of Three Types of Basic Endowment Insurance Funds in 2018

(3) Central financial subsidies

The central government has given subsidies to the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents and the basic old-age insurance for government agencies and institutions. In 2018, the total subsidy from the central government was 662.8 billion yuan.

Subsidies for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees.Since 1999, the central government has given subsidies to enterprises with difficulties in some areas in terms of the fund gap of basic old-age insurance, the implementation of personal accounts and the improvement of pension benefits. Among them, 40% of the funds needed to improve the pension payment standard are subsidized to the central and western regions and old industrial bases, and 100% is subsidized to Xinjiang Corps; For the existing pension expenditure, according to the financial resources, fund gap, support rate and work effect of each region, the subsidy funds are allocated by factor method. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 483.1 billion yuan for basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees.

Subsidies for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.The central government gives full subsidies to the central and western regions according to the basic pension standards set by the central government, and 50% subsidies to the eastern regions. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 141.6 billion yuan for basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.

Subsidies for the reform of endowment insurance in institutions and institutions.The central government subsidizes 40% of the funds needed to adjust the pension payment standard in the central and western regions and old industrial bases except Beijing and other seven provinces and cities. In 2018, the central government issued a subsidy of 38.1 billion yuan for the reform of endowment insurance for institutions and institutions.

(four) the basic old-age insurance fund budget management

The budget of social insurance fund is one of the "four accounts" of the government stipulated in the Budget Law. In 2010, the State Council decided to establish a standardized and unified social insurance fund budget system nationwide, and began to compile it on a trial basis that year. In 2014, it was officially included in the draft government budget submitted to the National People’s Congress for examination and approval.

The basic old-age insurance fund budget mainly follows the principles of "establishing according to law, standardizing and unifying, making overall plans, defining responsibilities, earmarking special funds, being relatively independent and organically connected, making ends meet, and leaving a balance". The compilation process adheres to the bottom-up and joint review, which is compiled by the social insurance agencies in the areas where the basic old-age insurance fund is co-ordinated. After being summarized by the human resources and social security departments and audited by the financial department, it is jointly reported to the people’s government at the same level and reported to the people’s congress at the same level for examination and approval. The national basic old-age insurance fund budget is compiled by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, reviewed and summarized by the Ministry of Finance, and submitted to the State Council for examination and approval by the National People’s Congress. Among them, the budget revenue preparation comprehensively considers the implementation of the fund budget in the previous year, the forecast of the economic and social development level in this year, the social insurance work plan and other factors, including the number of participants, the number of payers, the base of payment wages, etc. Expenditure budgeting comprehensively considers the changes in the number of people enjoying pension insurance benefits in the overall planning area this year, the economic and social development, the adjustment of pension insurance policies and the changes in pension insurance treatment standards.

In recent years, governments at all levels and their relevant departments have continuously improved the budget management system, studied and established an incentive and restraint mechanism, standardized the preparation process and improved the preparation method by means of informationization and big data, effectively enhanced the planning and binding nature of the budget, paid close attention to the budget implementation management, standardized the collection of premiums and the payment of insurance benefits, strived to achieve all the insurance coverage, and resolutely paid it in full and on time, and achieved positive results. In some places, by hiring third-party evaluation agencies to improve the index system of fund budgeting, establish and improve the actuarial index system of fund budgeting, and improve the scientific and accurate budgeting.

(V) Progress of relevant reforms

1. Promote the provincial-level co-ordination of endowment insurance for enterprise employees.Up to now, 13 provinces in China have realized the provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of enterprise employee pension insurance funds. Other provinces have formulated implementation plans according to the actual situation and are steadily advancing the implementation in accordance with the task requirements of the State Council to fully realize the provincial-level unified collection and support of funds by the end of 2020. In some places, the establishment of a unified revenue and expenditure system including pension insurance policy, fund budget, fund revenue and expenditure management, responsibility sharing mechanism, information system, handling management and performance appraisal mechanism has been promoted, which has laid an institutional foundation for ensuring the reform of unified revenue and expenditure.

2. Implement the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees.The central adjustment system mainly includes: first, the adjustment fund raising system. According to 90% of the average wage of employees in each province and the number of employees who should be insured on the job as the base for calculating the amount of the solution, solution ratio started from 3%, and the funds of the provinces were summarized to form the central adjustment fund. The second is the allocation system of swap funds. The central adjustment fund was fully allocated to local governments in that year, and the amount of funds allocated to the provinces was calculated according to the approved number of retirees in each province and the national per capita allocation. At the same time, the central and western provinces with heavy tasks of poverty alleviation will be exempted from their net contribution responsibility by 2020.

The central adjustment system was implemented on July 1, 2018. In that year, the total size of the central adjustment fund was 242.23 billion yuan, and the actual difference was 61.03 billion yuan. There are 7 provinces, including Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian and Shandong. 22 central and western regions and old industrial base provinces benefited, including Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Sichuan, Jilin and Hubei. Exempt Guizhou, Yunnan and Tibet from net contribution responsibility. Since the implementation of the central adjustment system, it has played a positive role in alleviating the payment pressure of some local funds and ensuring the timely and full payment of pensions. In 2019, the proportion of central adjustment will increase to 3.5%. It is estimated that the total size of central adjustment funds in the whole year will be 630.3 billion yuan, and the difference will be 151.2 billion yuan.

3. Reduce the burden of social security contributions.From 2015 to 2018, the State Council has reduced the social security rate five times, involving basic old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance for enterprise employees. The overall level of the five social security rates for employees in China has been reduced from 41% to 36.95%, of which the unit contribution rate has been reduced from 30% to 26.45%. By April 30 this year, when the phased rate reduction policy expires, the burden on enterprises will be reduced by nearly 500 billion yuan.

This year, the State Council decided that from May 1st, the unit contribution rate of basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees can be reduced from 20% to 16%, and the policy of reducing unemployment and work-related injury insurance rates by stages will be extended to the end of April 2020. At the same time, it is approved to lower the base of social security contributions, from the past based on the average salary of employees in non-private units in cities and towns to the average salary of full-caliber employees weighted by non-private units and private units in cities and towns. According to the calculation of the relevant departments in the State Council, after the implementation of the new fee reduction measures, it is estimated that the social security payment burden of enterprises will be reduced by more than 400 billion yuan in 2019.

4. Transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund.Transferring some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund is an important measure to enhance the sustainability of the basic old-age insurance system. By the end of 2018, the pilot reform of five central enterprises and central financial institutions, including Zhejiang and Yunnan provinces and China Unicom and China Reinsurance, had been basically completed. In December 2018, the second batch of transfer work at the central level was started. The transfer enterprises included 15 central management enterprises such as China Huaneng and 4 central financial institutions such as PICC China. In July 2019, the State Council decided to fully push forward the central and local governments to transfer some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund. At the central level, qualified enterprises will be basically completed by the end of 2019, enterprises with real difficulties can be completed by the end of 2020, and enterprises run by central administrative institutions will be transferred after the centralized and unified regulatory reform is completed; At the local level, the transfer will be basically completed by the end of 2020. Up to now, the central level has completed the transfer of 67 central enterprises and central financial institutions in three batches, with a total transfer of state-owned capital of about 860.1 billion yuan. The mechanism of state-owned capital to make up for social security fund has been initially established, which has promoted the diversified reform of state-owned equity.

5. Reform of social security collection system.The Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions in 2018 clearly stipulates that since January 1, 2019, all social insurance premiums will be uniformly collected by the tax authorities. The State Council attaches great importance to improving the reform of the social security fee collection system. According to some new situations and problems in the process of reform, it has made new adjustments and arrangements for the transfer of social security fee collection and management responsibilities of enterprises in a timely manner, requiring that in principle, the current collection system should be continued temporarily, and "a mature province should be handed over to a province". Up to now, among the 37 regions (provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and cities with separate plans), 21 regions were originally collected by the tax authorities, and the tax authorities collected all social security fees; In 16 areas where the social security department originally collected the social security fees of enterprises, the social security fee collection and management responsibilities of enterprises have not been transferred yet, and they will continue to be collected by the social security department, and the social security fee collection and management responsibilities of institutions and urban and rural residents will be transferred to the tax department; The tax authorities in 22 regions are also responsible for collecting occupational annuities.

Second, the main problems and shortcomings

Over the years, China has made great achievements in promoting the construction of a comprehensive, basic and sustainable multi-level social security system, and basically established a social security network covering all people. Judging from the overall situation of the basic old-age insurance in China, the system has been continuously improved, the level of protection has been continuously improved, the fund operation has been generally stable, and the current income and expenditure are still in balance. However, the survey also found that the gap between the fund’s current income and expenditure showed an expanding trend, and the accumulated balance of individual provinces "bottomed out", which further increased the potential risk of the fund; Fund budget management is generally extensive, and some institutional issues are not paid enough attention, and the scientific, refined and modern level of budget management is low; The design of endowment insurance system is not perfect enough to meet the needs of reform and development, which seriously affects the sustainability and credibility of the system. These problems must be solved quickly.

(A) The contradiction between revenue and expenditure has become increasingly prominent, and related risks have begun to emerge.

First, the growth of insurance premium income is relatively weak.Comparing the premium income of the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in China with the basic pension expenditure, the income and expenditure gap of 31.9 billion yuan first appeared in 2014, and it has expanded to 77.3 billion yuan in 2018. Many places reflect that due to the accelerated process of population aging, the dependency ratiooneThe sustained and rapid decline has caused the growth of fund income to be lower than the growth of expenditure for a long time, resulting in the widening gap between fund income and expenditure. In recent years, the implementation of tax reduction and fee reduction policy has also reduced the current collection income to some extent. The survey found that Northeast China is still facing the reality of a large outflow of population, especially young and middle-aged people, and it is difficult to reverse the situation of decreasing dependency ratio, and it is increasingly difficult to promote the growth of premium income.

Second, there is a great pressure on financial subsidies.Since 2005, the basic pension treatment standard for enterprise employees has been raised for 15 consecutive years, and the financial departments at all levels have borne the corresponding increased expenditures. The basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents is to provide old-age insurance for urban and rural residents without income sources. The financial system bears the main responsibility, and some local financial subsidies account for more than 70%. The reform of endowment insurance in institutions has also put forward a lot of expenditure requirements for governments at all levels, and there is still a certain income and expenditure gap in some places under investigation.

Third, problems left over from history bear a heavy burden in some areas.There has been no clear and detailed solution to the transition cost of the old-age insurance system. For the "old people" who have no personal account accumulation and the "middle people" who have insufficient personal account accumulation, the pension benefits enjoyed according to the regulations of deemed payment are paid by the funds collected in the current period. After the implementation of the reform of state-owned enterprises and the diversion of laid-off workers, state-owned enterprises went into battle lightly and developed well. However, the remaining problems of "early retirement" employee pension insurance have not been properly solved, which has brought a huge burden to some places. The reform of transferring some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund is progressing slowly, some departments and enterprises are resistant, and there are not many local state-owned enterprises worth transferring, so the overall reform effect is not great. In some places, it is reflected that the large-scale collective reform of factories and enterprises, de-capacity, etc. have increased the pressure on the fund’s income and expenditure from two aspects: reducing the arrears of enterprises, ensuring development and increasing expenditures, and need the support of the central government.

Fourth, the sustainability of the fund is under great pressure.The relevant departments in the State Council organized and carried out the long-term actuarial analysis of the basic old-age insurance. Although the results of various departments and institutions are different, the general judgment is that for a long time to come, the degree of population aging in China will become increasingly serious, the dependency ratio within the system will continue to decline, and the sustainability of the old-age insurance fund will face severe challenges.

(B) The budget management is relatively extensive, and the system and mechanism need to be improved urgently.

First, the provisions on budgeting responsibilities are not clear enough.The Opinions of the State Council on Implementing the Budget of Social Insurance Fund issued in 2010 stipulates that the main body of compiling the budget of social insurance fund is the human and social departments, and the financial department only undertakes the audit responsibility. The Budget Law revised in 2014 stipulates that the financial departments of governments at all levels are responsible for the specific preparation of budgets. According to the investigation, the provisions of the State Council’s opinion are still implemented, and there are different understandings about the provisions of the budget law, especially about "preparation" and "the subject of social insurance fund budget preparation". In some places, it is pointed out that the division of responsibilities for fund budgeting is not clear enough, the participation of financial departments is insufficient, and the implementation of responsibilities is not enough.

Second, the budget preparation procedure is not reasonable enough.Restricted by the level of fund overall planning, the current budget adopts the procedure of overall planning, bottom-up and layer-by-layer summary. There are too many compiling subjects, different policy understandings and different interests, which makes it difficult to effectively play the role of overall budget arrangement, resulting in the conservative compilation of income budgets in some areas, and the phenomenon that expenditures exceed the budget sometimes occurs. Especially after putting forward the reform direction of national overall planning, some places have the mentality of "receiving less and spending more". The audit department reported that in some co-ordination areas, artificially depressing the budget revenue and inflating the expenditure budget has become the norm, resulting in a serious deviation from the reality of the fund budget and poor effectiveness of budget management.

Third, the foundation of budget management is relatively weak.Due to the low level of overall planning of the basic old-age insurance fund, the basic data such as the number of insured persons, the actual payment base and rate, and the basis of pension calculation and distribution required for budget management are scattered in various overall planning areas. Some central departments and provincial management departments have indicated that they do not fully grasp accurate information, and some local data indicators are not scientifically collected, so the credibility and transparency are not high. Strengthening budget management has become a passive water without a root. On the other hand, social security agencies are in the front line of fund budgeting, but they lack effective access to relevant economic and social data, especially the information available to grass-roots social security agencies is more limited, and the basic quality of budgeting is not high.

Fourth, the refined level of budget management is not enough.Judging from the draft fund budget submitted to the National People’s Congress, it is mainly a few large numbers such as income, expenditure and balance, lacking detailed data by region, industry and population, and the readability and auditability of the budget are not strong. From the perspective of budget preparation, although there are requirements for the reference factors of fund revenue and expenditure preparation, a unified and standardized index system has not yet been established, and different places have different understanding of policies by industry and population, and their calculation methods are also different. From the perspective of budget implementation, many places and even some places where there is a big contradiction between fund revenue and expenditure only emphasize the hard constraint of budget, and have not taken the initiative to establish a regular analysis system for fund budget implementation. The response to changes in industries and people reflected by the implementation situation is relatively lagging behind, and the fund risk early warning mechanism and response plan have not been effectively established.

Fifth, actuarial analysis is seriously lagging behind.There is a big gap between the actuarial work of the basic old-age insurance fund and the actual demand in the aspects of system construction, talent team construction and the application of actuarial results, and a standardized actuarial analysis mechanism combining long, medium and short term has not been established. As an important part of budget management, fund actuarial has not been brought into the budget management category, resulting in poor predictability and scientificity of budget revenue and expenditure preparation, lack of preparation for possible fund risks and even financial risks, and weak ability to effectively deal with population aging.

Sixth, the informatization construction is weak.The preparation, implementation, audit and supervision of the fund budget involve many departments and institutions such as human society, finance, taxation, auditing and social security agencies. At present, a unified, standardized and dynamically shared information database has not been established, and each department and institution relies on the information system of this system for management. Repeated construction and decentralized maintenance consume a lot of manpower and material resources, and information data cannot be effectively shared, which also affects the accuracy of relevant data and information.

(C) The design of the old-age insurance system is not perfect, and the pace of reform needs to be accelerated.

First, the low level of fund overall planning has become the primary problem to be solved urgently.Judging from the basic endowment insurance fund for enterprise employees, most provincial-level places have not yet achieved real provincial-level overall planning, and many places are still municipal-level and county-level overall planning. The low level of overall planning makes it difficult to fully realize the transfer of funds between different overall planning areas, and the law of large numbers of insurance cannot be fully exerted. At the same time, the fund balance is mainly deposited in the labor inflow areas, but the labor outflow areas have to bear the pressure of issuing a large number of old-age benefits for the returning laborers. This extremely uneven distribution of funds not only makes the labor outflow areas such as the central and western regions dissatisfied, but also makes the interest pattern of low-level overall planning gradually solidify. Some places with fund balances regard the balance as local "own" resources and advantages, and there is resistance to national overall planning and entrusting the National Social Security Fund Council to invest and operate. Lack of awareness that basic old-age insurance is a "national system" makes the reform more and more difficult. Some provinces surveyed reflect that they are not optimistic about realizing the provincial-level unified collection and expenditure of funds in 2020.

Second, the irregular implementation of policies such as payment base, rate and pension benefits has brought many disadvantages.Due to the low level of fund co-ordination, the relevant departments give local governments some autonomy in terms of payment base, rates and pension benefits. In actual implementation, the co-ordination places with large contradiction between fund revenue and expenditure tend to be strict base and high rate, while the co-ordination places with more fund balances tend to be wide base and low rate, which is quite different among regions. In terms of rates, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Xiamen, which have more fund balances, stipulate unit payment rates of 14%, 13% and 12% respectively. In terms of payment base, some places allow enterprises to determine the base according to a certain proportion of total wages. In terms of pension benefits, different places have different definitions of the standard of deemed payment, and some people think it is unfair. The disunity of local policies not only causes the inconsistent foundation and unclear base of fund budget preparation, but also brings difficulties to improve the overall planning level; It also causes unfairness at the institutional level, affects the free flow of resources and intensifies regional differences. It is found that many places have introduced preferential policies to reduce and exempt insurance contributions, which, as an important means of attracting investment, have a great impact on normal investment attraction in other places, especially in areas with large contradictions between fund income and expenditure. Some parts of Northeast China reflect that it has faced a vicious circle of "the contradiction between fund income and expenditure is prominent → the approved payment base and rate are strict → it is in a disadvantageous position of attracting investment → enterprises move out because of the high payment of endowment insurance → the economic development is slow and the employment population is small → the contradiction between fund income and expenditure is more prominent".

Third, the incentive and restraint mechanism is not perfect enough.From the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, it is generally reflected in all aspects that the nominal rate of 28% (unit 20%+ individual 8%) is obviously high, and it is still higher than the level of some major western developed countries after reducing the rate this year. In order to reduce costs and maintain operations, many enterprises, especially private enterprises, tend to lower or even falsely report the payment base, and some tax collection management departments also "know without asking", so the seriousness and binding force of the system are poor. Some experts pointed out that the fund implements the mechanism of combining social pooling with individual accounts, but all individual contributions are credited to individual accounts, resulting in no contribution to overall adjustment of individual contributions, and individuals lack a sense of responsibility for the basic endowment insurance system. The minimum payment period of 15 years for receiving pension is not only short, but also the system design is not regarded as the minimum period for fulfilling legal obligations. In addition, the cumulative algorithm is adopted for 15 years calculation, and it is not uncommon to interrupt payment. From the perspective of the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, because the overall planning part is almost entirely borne by the finance, the system is welfare-oriented, plus the basic pension level and the average replacement rate2Low (in some places, the average replacement rate is only about 9%), residents’ enthusiasm for participating in insurance is not high, and the participation rate has declined in some places. Even if they are insured, most people tend to choose the lowest payment grade. In the old-age insurance, the basic pension calculation and payment methods linked to benefits, such as overpayment, long-term payment and late retirement, need to be improved.

Fourth, the construction of a multi-level endowment insurance system lags behind.The target design of the multi-level endowment insurance system in China includes three pillars, the first pillar is basic endowment insurance, the second pillar is enterprise annuity and occupational annuity, and the third pillar is personal savings endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance. At present, there is no clear plan for the overall protection degree of multi-level pension insurance system and the target level of overall pension replacement rate. Among them, there is also a lack of clear quantitative requirements for the status and role of each pillar. In practice, the basic old-age insurance is a monopoly, the whole society’s old-age responsibility, and the high, middle and low levels of old-age demand are all on the basic old-age insurance; The coverage rate of the second pillar is low, and its development is obviously lagging behind. By the end of 2018, there were 110 million market entities in China, and less than 0.1% of enterprises established enterprise annuities, most of which were large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises, and less than 10% of employees participated in the basic old-age insurance. The third pillar has just begun to be piloted, and there is still a lack of effective encouragement and support policies. Highly dependent on the basic old-age insurance as the first pillar, resulting in a high payment rate, most enterprises are unable to build supplementary old-age insurance for employees, limiting the development of the second and third pillars, forming a situation of "single tree is difficult to support".

Fifth, the relevant reforms are not in place and affect the improvement of the system.Many localities and experts have reported that the implementation of the reform of the collection system of social insurance funds and the unified collection of social insurance premiums by tax authorities will be conducive to realizing the payment base of enterprises and finding out the base, laying a foundation for further improving the fee-based system. Implementing large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction, reducing the social security payment rate of enterprises and reducing the burden on enterprises are also necessary measures to cope with the downward pressure on the economy. If we strengthen overall coordination and require enterprises to make a real payment base while reducing the rate, the overall effect of the policy "combination boxing" should be more obvious. However, due to the lack of coordination in actual implementation and the strong social reaction, the reform of the collection system has basically stagnated, and the goal of standardizing the fee base and realizing the fee base cannot be achieved.

The reform of delayed retirement age has been put forward for many years, but the implementation plan has been delayed, and there are many social discussions. Not only has the window period of reform been continuously shortened, but it has also affected the due effect of reform; It also leads to unclear social expectations and lack of effective guidance of public opinion. It has been pointed out that the provision of early retirement for special jobs has not been adjusted for a long time, which is not in line with the actual situation, which is not conducive to stabilizing the income of the fund, and even some enterprises have compiled false materials for reducing staff and increasing efficiency and for early retirement of employees. From the international experience, delaying retirement age or receiving pension age has become a unanimous choice for major developed economies represented by OECD countries to effectively deal with population aging, and many countries have also adopted different degrees of restrictions on early retirement.

The reform of entrusted investment is progressing slowly, and the balance of funds used for investment and operation is less. According to the statistics of the National Social Security Fund Council, the total amount of contracts entrusted to it for investment at the end of 2018 was about 858 billion yuan, accounting for 14.8% of the total balance of the national endowment insurance fund at the end of 2018. Most of the fund balances were still in bank deposits, and the overall ability of the fund to maintain and increase value was not strong.

Third, relevant suggestions

The problem of providing for the aged is related to people’s happiness and well-being, social harmony and stability, and long-term stability of the country. In the face of new situations and challenges such as the new normal of economic development and the accelerated aging of the population, we must adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, conscientiously implement the major decision-making arrangements of the party and the state on the reform of the old-age insurance system, maintain and enhance the credibility of the social security system, enhance the people’s sense of identity and confidence, and enhance their overall awareness, crisis awareness and responsibility awareness. With greater determination and courage, we will promote the reform of the old-age insurance system, improve the scientific and fair nature of the system, strengthen the income capacity of the old-age insurance fund, strengthen and standardize the budget management of the old-age insurance fund, effectively prevent and resolve risks, and enhance the sustainability of the fund by developing the economy, expanding the coverage, increasing the rate of maintaining and increasing the value of surplus funds, and standardizing financial subsidies.

(1) Effectively enhance the sense of urgency and responsibility, and accelerate the implementation of various reforms.

We should fully understand the significance of the normal operation of the basic old-age insurance fund for safeguarding people’s interests and social stability, fully understand the grim situation faced by the old-age insurance system and the fund operation, fully understand the time pressure of gradually narrowing the reform window, further enhance the sense of crisis, enhance the sense of urgency in promoting the reform of the old-age insurance system, make up our minds to speed up the reform, seize the day and wait for no time, intensify the implementation of the CPC Central Committee’s decision-making and deployment on the reform of the old-age insurance system, and improve the system and mechanism so as to make relevant reform plans as soon as possible. It is necessary to accurately grasp the downward trend of the dependency ratio brought about by the acceleration of the aging population, effectively resolve the risks caused by the increasing income of the basic old-age insurance fund year by year, actively respond to the problem of the sustainability of the fund that the whole society is highly concerned about, and some people are worried that they may not get a pension in the future when they participate in the basic old-age insurance system, and pay attention to and reverse the tendency of some enterprise employees and residents to stop paying their fees after participating in the insurance, and some young people who have just joined the work are unwilling to pay for the insurance. It is necessary to improve the operating efficiency of the fund by improving the system. We should attach great importance to strengthening the management of income and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund, regard ensuring the sustainability of the fund as the top priority and the most important responsibility of governments at all levels, and take the fund budget management and actuarial analysis as the important starting points to effectively improve the scientific, refined and modern level of fund management.

(B) to speed up the improvement of the old-age insurance system, improve the scientific and fair system.

The first is to improve the top-level design of the target framework of the multi-level endowment insurance system.Further clarify the overall replacement rate target of the old-age insurance system and the proportion that each pillar should share, and accelerate the construction of a multi-level old-age insurance system. It is suggested to refer to the International Labour Organization’s Convention on the Minimum Standards of Social Security and international experience, and combine the actual situation of China’s economic and social development and residents’ old-age habits to define the overall replacement rate target, ensure that the basic living standards of workers before and after retirement are roughly the same, and improve the mechanism for dynamically adjusting the replacement rate target according to the level of economic and social development and financial affordability. Optimize development goals and policies, make clear that the basic old-age insurance is fully covered and basic, speed up the improvement of relevant fiscal and tax policies, actively guide and promote the healthy development of the second pillar (enterprise annuity and occupational annuity) and the third pillar (personal savings endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance), and form a three-pillar structure of old-age insurance. Further consolidate the security responsibilities that units and individuals should bear in the field of old-age care, and form a good situation in which the state, units and residents participate and share reasonably and actively respond to the aging population.

The second is to introduce reform measures such as delaying the age of receiving pensions and raising the minimum payment period as soon as possible.In order to study and reform the conditions for receiving pensions, it is suggested that the pension age should no longer be linked to the retirement age, and a gradual reform plan for delaying the age of receiving pensions should be formulated and implemented as soon as possible, and the "small steps and quick steps" should be delayed in stages to effectively guide the expectations of the masses. Adjust the conditions for receiving full pension benefits accordingly, and reduce those who are not old enough and have insufficient payment years in proportion. It is suggested to study and increase the minimum payment period of receiving pension, and set restrictions on the number and interval of interruption of payment.

The third is to accelerate the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance.The relevant departments of the central government should strengthen the planning and design of the national overall planning system, and properly handle the relationship between promoting the reform of overall planning level, mobilizing local enthusiasm, and consolidating local main responsibility. They can learn from the experience and practices of establishing a gap responsibility sharing mechanism in some places to prevent "eating from the same pot" and "whipping the cattle". It is necessary to seriously study and establish an effective linkage mechanism between the realistic differences in pension treatment levels between regions and the implementation of national pension planning, and formulate a transition plan to protect the reasonable rights and interests of the people. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance for local governments to carry out the reform of provincial-level unified revenue and expenditure, ensure that the reform tasks are put in place before the end of 2020, and avoid doing things in their own way, so as to create favorable conditions for promoting national overall planning. On this basis, study and formulate a timetable and road map to achieve national overall planning.

The fourth is to improve the incentive and restraint mechanism.It is necessary to improve the incentive mechanism of overpayment, overpayment for a long time and overpayment for late retirement, improve the relevant systems such as the mechanism of linking treatment with payment, optimize the identification criteria for special types of work, and improve the early retirement policy. For those who choose to retire early or late, the level of pension benefits can be reduced or improved according to the corresponding number of years; For flexible employees, urban and rural residents insured, etc., study and improve the financial subsidy policy for payment, and guide the reasonable increase of payment level. In accordance with the principle of "low fee rate and wide fee base", we will establish a linkage mechanism to reduce the payment rate and make a real payment base, and steadily promote the reform of the collection system of old-age insurance premiums without basically increasing the burden of payment. It is necessary to further implement the relevant legal requirements, strictly review the fund’s participation in insurance and collect fees, strengthen the awareness of participating in insurance and paying fees according to law by strengthening publicity and guidance, and improve the inspection and punishment mechanism to prevent illegal phenomena such as missing payment, underpayment and non-payment, and improve the participation rate and payment rate.

(3) Standardizing fund revenue and expenditure and improving the ability to cope with payment risks.

First, based on economic development, enhance the fund’s income potential.Development is the key to solve many economic and social problems in China. To solve the contradiction between income and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund, we must rely on developing the economy, expanding employment, raising the income level and broadening the fee base of the old-age insurance fund. We must adhere to the new development concept, promote high-quality development, persist in promoting reform and opening up, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, and make overall plans to stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust the structure, benefit people’s livelihood, prevent risks, and ensure stability, promote sustained and healthy economic development, continuously improve people’s income levels, and consolidate the income base of the fund.

The second is to do a good job in expanding the collection and raising the participation rate and payment rate.It is necessary to use modern information technologies such as big data and cloud computing to strengthen the inter-departmental information sharing and coordination linkage mechanism, promote the free connection and transfer of endowment insurance in an orderly manner throughout the country, improve management ability and service level, focus on the participation of employees in non-public economic organizations and flexible employees in cities and towns in endowment insurance, accelerate the adaptation to the new economy and new formats such as webcasting, promote the classification, accurately expand the coverage, and improve the participation rate, so as to ensure that all insurance is guaranteed. It is necessary to actively and steadily carry out historical arrears and payment audits in accordance with the law, improve the financial subsidy policy for insurance payment, and promote the increase of payment rate.

The third is to increase entrusted investment and improve the level of maintaining and increasing the value of surplus funds.It is necessary to further actively and steadily promote the entrusted investment of the surplus funds of the basic old-age insurance fund, strive to increase the proportion of entrusted investment funds under the premise of ensuring the safe payment of pensions, and strive to enhance the ability of the fund to maintain and increase its value. We should adhere to the principle of prudent investment, promote diversification of asset allocation, make good use of financial instruments such as insurance and reinsurance, and strive to achieve a long-term stable and relatively high income level.

The fourth is to standardize the financial subsidy system and give play to the role of financial support.Further clarify the functional orientation of financial subsidies, improve the ways of financial subsidies, establish a scientific mechanism for determining financial subsidies, and effectively play the institutional functions of financial subsidies. We will study and improve the fiscal and taxation policies to support the development of the old-age insurance system, implement tax-free policies for the payment, operation and income of enterprise (occupational) annuities, accelerate the promotion of personal tax deferred old-age insurance, and enhance the attractiveness, stability and sustainability of the old-age insurance system.

The fifth is to reform and standardize the treatment adjustment mechanism and fund expenditure arrangements to improve the matching degree with income.Standardize the adjustment of insurance benefits, combine the target level of replacement rate, and establish a scientific, reasonable and predictable normal insurance benefits adjustment mechanism that is coordinated with economic development indicators and residents’ income growth indicators. In view of the payment difficulties caused by the heavy historical burden in specific areas, we should study and improve the commitment mechanism to realize the shift from "passively filling the gap" to "actively solving the problem". We will further reform the transfer of state-owned capital, improve the operating budget system of state-owned capital, and solve historical problems such as the reform of state-owned enterprises and the reform of large-scale collective factories. Seriously sorting out and studying the stock debt problems caused by the guarantee of pension payment in some places, we should not only face up to the difficulties caused by the defects of the system itself, but also take effective measures to support local governments to solve debt risks in a safe and orderly manner, and also clarify unreasonable violations of laws and regulations in implementation, increase accountability and urge the implementation of rectification.

(four) improve the fund budget system to ensure the sustainability of the fund.

First, improve the legal system related to the pension fund budget.Do a good job in the organic connection between the Budget Law, the State Council’s Opinions on Implementing the Budget of Social Insurance Fund and other relevant laws and regulations, speed up the revision and promulgation of the Regulations on the Implementation of the Budget Law, clarify the rights and obligations of all relevant subjects in the fund budget, and suggest further consolidating the main responsibilities of financial departments at all levels in the preparation, implementation and management of the basic old-age insurance fund budget. Study and formulate a unified national social security fund budget management method, standardize the fund budget preparation, implementation and management, and establish a budget adjustment mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of the social security fund budget.

The second is to establish and improve a budget system that is compatible with national overall planning.It is necessary to speed up the establishment of a unified system for compiling the budget of the basic old-age insurance fund by the central government, give play to the role of overall planning and coordination by the central government, and lay the foundation for realizing the national unified collection and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund. Improve the construction of budgeting index system, increase the expected growth rate of full-caliber social average wage, expected rate of return on entrusted investment, life expectancy per capita, population growth rate, aging speed and other expected indicators, carry out scientific and standardized fund revenue and expenditure forecast, and improve the scientificity and accuracy of budgeting. Improve the regular analysis system of fund budget implementation, establish risk early warning mechanism and emergency response mechanism, and enhance the timeliness and effectiveness of fund audit. Establish an administrative supervision system and an audit supervision system for social security funds, strengthen social supervision, intensify the crackdown on corruption, misappropriation and malicious insurance fraud, and ensure the safety of funds.

The third is to establish an analysis system of actuarial balance of funds.It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design, establish a scientific and standardized actuarial balance calculation and analysis system for basic old-age insurance funds, and carry out actuarial analysis regularly. According to the long-term demographic changes and economic and social development trends, based on the important factors such as target replacement rate, payment base, rate, and return on investment, improve the actuarial analysis model. Improve the application mechanism of actuarial analysis results in fund budget preparation and endowment insurance policy formulation, and realize sustainable intergenerational balance by dynamically adjusting the level of payment and payment, improving the government subsidy mechanism, and promoting the reform of endowment insurance system.

The fourth is to strengthen the basic work of budget management and information construction.Improve the basic system of data collection and processing, and establish relevant standardization norms to ensure that the basic data is true, accurate, verifiable and comparable. Integrate the existing information systems of various departments and promote the construction of a unified, standardized and dynamically shared national information database. Strengthen the use of data analysis, with the help of modern information technologies such as big data and cloud computing, support the calculation and analysis of fund actuarial balance, strengthen real-time monitoring and analysis of fund operation, and improve the accuracy and modernization level of fund budget management.

The fifth is to strengthen the review and supervision of the budget of the endowment insurance fund by the National People’s Congress.Standardize and improve the preparation of the basic old-age insurance fund budget, further improve and refine the draft budget of the basic old-age insurance fund, increase the sub-regional budget table, and provide the basis, parameter description and performance objectives of the basic old-age insurance fund budget as annexes to the draft budget to improve the readability and auditability of the budget. Give full play to the audit role, deepen the substantive review of the pension fund budget with the help of modern information means such as budget networking supervision system, improve the ability of the National People’s Congress and provincial people’s congresses to review and supervise the pension fund budget, ensure the sustainability and fairness of the pension fund, and enhance the credibility, attraction and cohesion of the pension insurance system.

1  Dependence ratio = working-age population: non-working-age population.

2  Pension replacement rate refers to the ratio between the level of pension collection and the level of wage income before retirement, which is used to measure the difference of living security level between workers before and after retirement.

                         The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) social basic endowment insuranceSpecial research group on fund budget management and reform

Schedule 1  

Average contribution rate of compulsory pensions for employees in some OECD countries in 2016

fillPublic pension: a compulsory pension plan initiated and managed by the public sector of the government, and the government bears direct financial responsibility for the public pension plan. Generally speaking, public pension is equivalent to the "first pillar" of old-age insurance.

Private pension: The organizers include private entities such as individual enterprises, enterprise alliances, trade unions and financial intermediaries approved by the government. All kinds of occupational pensions, enterprise annuities and personal pensions belong to the category of private pensions. The government usually does not bear the direct or final financial responsibility for private pensions, but it has the responsibility of supervision. Private pensions are divided into compulsory and voluntary types. Generally speaking, compulsory private pension is equivalent to the "second pillar" of old-age insurance, and voluntary pension is equivalent to the "third pillar".

Source: OECDPensionsOutlook2018

Schedule II

Pension age in some countries in 2016

Source: OECDPensionsataglance2017

Schedule III  

Overall situation of pension replacement rate in OECD member countries in 2016

Source: OECDPensionsOutlook2018

Schedule IV

Base and proportion of endowment insurance payment in some places in China in 2019

Data source: according to the websites of local human and social departments.

Reform measures of endowment insurance system in some countries

I. Germany

In order to effectively cope with the aging population and resolve the crisis of pension payment, the general idea of German pension insurance system reform is to control the contribution and subsidy growth of statutory pension insurance on the one hand and reduce the pension obtained by retirees from the first pillar (statutory pension insurance) on the premise of not reducing the overall pension level of pensioners (maintaining the replacement rate of about 70%); On the other hand, support the development of the second and third pillars of pension insurance through subsidies and tax incentives, balance the impact caused by the reduction of statutory pension, and shift the burden of statutory pension insurance and the bottleneck of global competition to enterprises and private pension insurance that are flexible and can adapt to the challenges of globalization. The main measures include:The first is to promote the "compensation conversion" enterprise pension insurance reform.German enterprise pension insurance is a pension formed by voluntary contract between employees and employers. In the past, enterprise pension insurance was only paid by employers. Since 2002, employees have the right to invest part of their gross wages in enterprise pension insurance by means of "compensation conversion" (but since 2019, employers will pay at least 15% of the amount of "compensation conversion"). This part of the salary is tax-free and exempt from social insurance contributions, up to 4% of the statutory pension premium calculation limit.The second is to promote the establishment of a private pension insurance system, including the Rister pension system and the Rukup pension system.In 2002, Germany formally established the Rist pension system. This is a state-funded and personal savings pension insurance system. All employees in Germany can participate, but it is not compulsory. The premium is tax-free, and the insured can only withdraw and use the accumulated insurance money after 60 years old. If employees pay a certain percentage of pre-tax income or give birth to children, they can get state subsidies. Rist pension is operated and managed by financial institutions certified by the state, and the state uses the financial "bottom" to guarantee the payment of this pension in the retirement stage. The Rukup pension, which was launched in 2005, is a commercial pension insurance plan that can be voluntarily insured by individuals who can enjoy a large amount of tax refund from the government. The products are provided by insurance companies, and the pension should be collected after reaching the age of 62.The third is to actively increase the birth rate.Increase investment in family policy, affirm the contribution of raising children, convert the time women spend raising children into the payment period of old-age insurance according to the average wage in various places, encourage the birth of children and improve the fertility rate through indirect social welfare policies and family policies.The fourth is to extend the retirement age.Extend the retirement age in a continuous and slow way: from 2012 to 2022, postpone retirement for one month every year; From 2023 to 2029, retirement will be delayed for two months every year, and finally the retirement age will be extended from 65 years before the reform to 67 years.

Second, France

With the pension insurance system with high welfare becoming more and more difficult to maintain and the pension deficit increasing sharply, France has taken many measures to adjust the pension insurance system.The first is to indirectly reduce the level of protection.Extend the pension calculation and payment base of the public and private sectors from the 10-year average monthly salary with the highest salary level in the career to the highest 25 years. Decoupling the adjustment of basic pension benefits from wages and linking it to the price index.The second is to extend the retirement age.Extend the retirement age from 60 to 62, and extend the retirement age of receiving full basic pension from 65 to 67. Since 2019, those who meet the statutory retirement age and the minimum payment period for receiving a full supplementary pension will not be able to receive a full supplementary pension unless they work more and pay for one year; If retirement is delayed until the age of 64 and above, you will enjoy rewards.The third is to extend the minimum payment period for receiving full basic pension.From the original 37.5 years to 43 years.The fourth is to pay attention to vulnerable groups.We will provide a minimum living guarantee for the poor elderly who have no right to receive pensions, include maternity leave subsidies for women in the pension calculation and payment base, extend the pension exemption time for the unemployed, and stipulate that workers who have worked too long or engaged in heavy labor can retire early.Fifth, adjust the structure of the endowment insurance system.Establish two kinds of fund accumulation pension insurance, namely "enterprise collective retirement savings plan" and "individual retirement pension savings plan", and encourage enterprises and individuals to participate by reducing and exempting enterprise social security contributions and personal income tax, so as to improve the "three pillars" insurance system.

III. Austria

In order to effectively cope with the aging population, Austria actively promotes the reform of the old-age insurance system. Measures taken include:The first is to raise the retirement age of women.Gradually increase the retirement age of women from 60 to 65, which is consistent with the retirement age of men.The second is to implement incentive and restraint policies.Establish an old-age insurance account system for people born after 1955, and implement the "45/65/80" scheme, that is, those who retire at the age of 65 and pay 45 years’ premium will ensure that their pension will reach 80% of their pre-retirement income. At the same time, early retirement is restricted, and it is allowed to retire up to three years in advance (women are prohibited from retiring early), and the treatment level is reduced by 4.5% for every one year in advance; Delayed retirement is encouraged, and the salary level is increased by 4.2% for every one year of delayed retirement.The third is to unify pension accounts.Since 2014, all different types of personal pensions have been unified into a single account, and the annual report system has been implemented. It is expected that the longer you work, the higher your salary will be by reporting the status of pension accounts and the expected salary level after retirement every year.The fourth is to cancel the disability pension and establish a disability rehabilitation center.This will help more disabled people to return to the job market instead of directly retiring.

IV. Norway

The third round of pension reform in Norway since 2011 focuses on promoting the employment of the elderly and expanding the labor participation of the whole society, which has the following characteristics:The first is to establish a "selective" retirement system.Before the reform, Norway’s legal retirement age was 67, and people who had worked for 40 years could receive a pension. After the reform, employees can voluntarily apply for retirement from the age of 62, but the total present value of pensions is expected to remain unchanged. The earlier they retire voluntarily, the less they will receive annual pensions. At the same time, the New Deal allows employees to continue to work full-time while receiving pensions, which is very flexible and the rights and interests are guaranteed.The second is to establish corresponding supporting institutional arrangements.We will implement the active employment policy for the elderly, set up a special policy center for the elderly, actively promote various activities aimed at encouraging the employment of the elderly, and promote the formation of joint forces among the government, enterprises, trade unions and social organizations. We will improve laws and regulations that encourage the elderly to take active jobs, prohibit employers from dismissing employees under 70 just because they have reached the statutory retirement age, and consider raising the age limit to 75.The third is to improve the fiscal and taxation policies that support the extension.Preferential tax policies such as tax reduction and exemption and deferred taxation are adopted to encourage the elderly to delay retirement, work longer hours and make more contributions. Through the reform of retirement system and structural policy arrangements, a virtuous circle of "delaying retirement-increasing labor supply-improving productivity-expanding tax base-improving the sustainability of pension expenditure" has been formed.

CCTV News:Everyone is familiar with sanitation workers. They are unknown devotees, guarding the beauty of the city in their ordinary posts. Recently, a sanitation worker caught fire in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. Because of his special shape, he was called "the most handsome" sanitation uncle by netizens.

Just before dawn, 63-year-old sanitation worker Yang Junshan came to the Palace Museum in Shenyang, Liaoning Province for cleaning. With an enviable flowing long hair, a silver-gray beard of the same color and big sunglasses, Yang Junshan shouldered a broom and walked outside the palace wall. Against the backdrop of the Shenyang Forbidden City with upturned eaves and yellow tiles, he thought he had strayed into the shooting set of an outdoor fashion blockbuster. Not long ago, netizens posted a video of Yang Junshan’s cleaning and sanitation on the Internet, which was all over the network for a time. Some netizens said that a good attitude is the focus everywhere; Others say that "this mentality is as fashionable as hairstyle", which is really a hidden "sweeping monk".

Yang Junshan:Some people say that you don’t look like a sanitation worker. I said, what is the image of the sanitation worker? He said that you are not an artist in this shape. What kind of artist am I talking about? I just sweep the floor. Working has nothing to do with dressing up.

Yang Junshan said that when he was a child, his family was in a bad condition. At the age of 20, he learned a carpenter’s craft with his father. Since then, he has traveled all over the country to seek a living. Since then, he has liked to grow a beard and long hair.

Yang Junshan:No matter what others think, people can live their own lives and your own character. This is called living method.

A few years ago, Yang Junshan, who had been wandering outside for half his life, wanted to go home. After all, nothing was as good as home. He returned to Shenyang, which is his home. Naturally, his home will be clean and bright, so he didn’t want to be idle, so he applied to be a sanitation worker.

Yang Junshan:I am very pleased to see the changes in my hometown of Shenyang. People are also very close and enthusiastic, and really feel a feeling of home. As I grow older, I feel I should do something for my hometown, and finally I choose to do sanitation to make my hometown environment better and more beautiful, which is my reward and wish for my hometown.

The heart is in an art, and its art must work; If you have your heart in one position, you must do your duty. Nowadays, Yang Junshan enjoys working early every day, and has the right to exercise. He also likes sanitation more and more, and he is gradually accepted and loved by everyone.

Surrounding businesses:We came to work in the morning, and before we opened the door, my uncle swept this area with a broom. We didn’t have time to clear the door when there was snow or something, so my uncle cleared it for us. Great.

　　　　　　 Yang Junshan:The sanitation industry is a great industry, and it is impossible for any city to be beautiful and clean without the vast number of sanitation workers working in the dark and getting up early. During this time, some people paid attention to me and said that I was the most handsome sanitation grandfather. I said that it was not me who was handsome, but our vast number of sanitation workers. They were the most handsome, and they were the business cards of a city.

Yang Junshan, a sanitation worker with silver hair, not only handsome the elegant hairstyle art, but also handsome the transparent and open-minded life art to a new height.

These days, Aunt Tsinghua, who plays the piano piece "My China Heart", and Uncle Nanchang Normal College, who plays My People，My Country’s violin solo, have all screened. In the new era, such people have appeared in every position, breaking the inherent label and realizing a diversified lifestyle. Dreams, regardless of age, wish them to continue to live themselves and bloom to their fullest.

Special feature of 1905 film network "I have a hunch that there will be TV dramas and movies on this theme soon, hoping to ensure quality and quantity, and don’t shoot bad films!"In early September, a netizen was in a popular short play.Escape from the British MuseumThe comment area of the behind-the-scenes interview video predicts this. Soon after, the prophecy came true.

According to the notice issued by the National Film Bureau on September 15th and October 13th, respectively, about the filing and publicity of the national movie scripts (synopsis) in August, two animated films with the same theme, Escape from the British Museum and Escape from the British Museum, passed the filing that month.

In this regard, some netizens said that "if you want to do it, you should do it well, rather than lacking it", and some viewers questioned whether the filming was "with the consent of the original author". After 1905 Film Network communicated with Xia Xiao, one of the main creators of short plays, the other party said that the team had not authorized any company to create film projects at present.

Is the creation of animated film with the same name infringing?

Short plays, big feelings. This is the mainstream impression of netizens on the short play Escape from the British Museum.

The two main creators of the play are very young. Summer sister was born in 1997, and pancake fruit is a "00" generation. In an interview with the People’s Daily, Xia Sister said that the script was completely original, and pancake Guo Zi frankly saw "when a blogger introduced the information of the British Museum" and thought of shooting works with related themes.

About the original idea of the film, one of the most popular sayings at present is that it originated from a brain hole of netizens. At that time, a netizen put forward the idea of making an animated film named Escape from the British Museum with anthropomorphic techniques.

"The two newly-established Escape films are all animated films, and two Escape films appear one after another in a short period of time. Although the possibility of being angry is not ruled out, we must first make it clear that creativity is not protected by copyright law, and’ cultural relics escape’ belongs to the creative level, while the short film Escape is protected by copyright law."

"If the two cartoons did not animate the story of the short film" Escape "without authorization, but told a brand-new story, from this perspective, it did not infringe the copyright of the short film" Escape "and would not be banned from shooting." In an interview with 1905 Film Network, the film producers Sa Zhilei, such as Peach Blossom in the Ten Miles of III and Ziwuyu: Wandering at Night, shared their views. He believes that telling a brand-new story is the fundamental reason for the establishment of two animated films with the same theme.

From the synopsis of Escape from the British Museum and Escape from the British Museum’s story, we can see that both stories revolve around the escape of China cultural relics from the British Museum. The difference is that the latter increases the setting of ten dreams for "people who cultivate the moon".

"The object of copyright protection is a work in the legal sense. The name of a short play is not a work, and the story outline is a concept, which is not enough to be called a work. Therefore, the name and story outline of a short play are not protected by copyright; However, the high attention of popular short plays has potential commercial value and has the attribute of commodities. At this time, if the same or similar names are used to take advantage of the popularity of popular plays, it may constitute unfair competition and violate the Unfair Competition Law. " When interviewed by 1905 Film Network, Wang Yahui, a lawyer from Beijing Lanshang Law Firm, gave his own views.

At the same time, Wang Yahui also shared his views on the difference between reference and plagiarism in the content creation of film and television dramas. He believes that if the film and television dramas are similar only in subject matter and conception, but not in content, and they are all original, it can only be said that the latter draws lessons from the former and does not constitute infringement; If the content is highly similar, it is equivalent to the latter plagiarizing or adapting the former, which may infringe the copyright of the previous work.

At present, Escape from the British Museum has opened an official account on social platforms. On September 15th, the day the film was put on record, its official account also issued a message saying that "we can finally go home fair and square". Up to now, Escape from the British Museum Animation Film Project has not opened any official account of social platform.

According to the industrial and commercial registration information, the reporter called the filing companies of two animated films respectively. Among them, the phone of Manen (Shenzhen) Film Co., Ltd. was not answered, and the staff of Beijing Chaole Unlimited Culture Communication Co., Ltd. said that it was not convenient to disclose the relevant information of the project for the time being.

According to Enterprise Search APP, the major shareholder of Beijing Chaole Unlimited Culture Communication Co., Ltd. is Ying Da, a well-known mainland actor and director. The company is registered for the record, and the Escape from the British Museum market, which is written by Moon Man director Zhang Chiyu, has a relatively high degree of attention.

IP film and television drama creation wins at the starting line

The short play Escape from the British Museum’s coming out of the circle is due to the favorable weather and conditions. In the early stage of the play’s release, it just happened to catch up with the British Museum’s exposure that more than 2,000 pieces of cultural relics were lost. Of the more than 8 million cultural relics in the museum, about 23,000 are from China.

It is not uncommon for this kind of film and television companies to develop film projects with similar themes based on hot events or public IP. Among the works released by the National Film Bureau that passed the national film script (synopsis) filing and project publicity in August, there are other "face-bumping" projects. For example, The Story of a Lonely Studio in Luo Cha, which was registered by Beijing Light Film Industry, and The Mirage of Luo Cha, which was made by Guang Zhouta Xiu Animation, are all based on the public IP Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio.

For this kind of film and television drama adapted from public IP, Wang Yahui said that "public IP is similar to public resources shared by the whole people, which is not within the scope of copyright protection or has exceeded the protection period, so there is no need for authorization. Since it belongs to public resources, everyone has the right to use it, and it does not constitute infringement on each other".

Coco, who has ten years’ experience in publicizing Chinese and foreign cinema films, bluntly said that the film and television dramas adapted from popular IP have certain public cognitive advantages. In addition, there are relatively many promotional materials for these works, and the commercial value of cross-industry cooperation is usually higher than that of non-IP works.

"We can regard IP as a brand image with a certain popularity, and this image is supported by data. For various types of investments, including movies, certain data support is needed, which is the natural advantage of IP. " Sa Zhilei admits that IP with its own attention and traffic will also reduce communication costs when communicating with employers. According to statistics, as of October 17th, the number of the short play Escape from the British Museum and Tik Tok has reached 2.156 billion, and the number of Weibo topics has reached 877 million, with 127 hot searches on the list.

In addition, from the perspective of employers, project risk is an important evaluation factor when they decide whether to invest or not. IP works, on the other hand, have passed certain market verification at some levels (literature, animation, etc.), with higher awareness and a certain number of potential consumers, so the market risk is relatively low.

"From the perspective of spreading China’s traditional culture, it will be a blessing for everyone if we can make the’ cultural relics go home, the dream of rejuvenating the country’ deeply rooted in people’s hearts through film and television works, and let more people feel empathy for the loss and return of national treasures." Sa Zhilei hopes that if possible, the animation "Escape" and the main creator of the short film "Escape" can jointly develop this idea. The creation of this kind of theme film and television drama also has positive social significance.

(Coco is a pseudonym at the request of the interviewer)

Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has grown rapidly, and people’s living consumption level has greatly improved. With the change of development stage, people’s yearning for a better life is stronger, and the demand for upgrading the stock of consumer goods is constantly improving. Promoting the trade-in of consumer goods and releasing potential consumption is conducive to the formation of a higher level of dynamic balance between demand and supply, and supply creates demand. In March, 2024, the State Council issued the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods, proposing the implementation of trade-in of consumer goods.

Consumption of durable goods has shifted from incremental expansion to stock optimization.

What trade-in actions did the consumer goods market experience in the past? What is the development situation and effect?

Chen Lifen (Researcher, Institute of Market Economy, the State Council Development Research Center):The nationwide trade-in policy for consumer goods is not the first time. In order to cope with the international financial crisis in 2008 and expand consumer demand, from 2009 to 2011, China implemented a vigorous trade-in policy for household appliances and automobiles.

In 2009, the Implementation Plan for Promoting the Expansion of Domestic Demand and Encouraging the Trade-in of Automobile and Household Appliances proposed that nine provinces and cities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Fuzhou and Changsha, should be selected to carry out the trade-in of household appliances. Since June 1, 2010, the policy of replacing old household appliances with new ones has been gradually extended to the whole country in combination with the dismantling and handling capacity of old household appliances in various regions. From this round of trade-in policy, it is mainly to stimulate the elimination and renewal potential of durable consumer goods such as household appliances and automobiles through replacement subsidies, further expand domestic demand, especially consumer demand, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, develop circular economy, and stabilize and expand employment. On the one hand, the central finance and the pilot provincial and municipal finance work together to share the subsidy funds. In terms of household appliances, the central finance and provincial finance bear 80% and 20% respectively. For automobiles, subsidies will be given to those who scrap "yellow-label vehicles" in advance and buy new ones. Local authorities can adjust the subsidy standards according to the models, years and urban management of "yellow-label vehicles". On the other hand, establish an effective incentive mechanism to stimulate consumption potential and benefit enterprises and the people. Subsidies will be given to consumers who sell five types of old household appliances, such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, computers and air conditioners, and buy new ones. The subsidies for buying old ones will not exceed 10% of the sales price of household appliances, and the transportation expenses will be subsidized for the old ones that are within the scope of recycling subsidies and sent to dismantling and processing enterprises.

The trade-in policy has achieved good results, and the pilot provinces and cities have initially established an integrated network system for home appliance sales, recycling and dismantling, which has obvious economic, social and resource benefits.

The first is to effectively stimulate consumption. In the 21st century, the growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents has been accelerated, the consumption power has been significantly improved, and the consumption demand of durable goods has increased. The trade-in policy has played a good "catalytic" role in stimulating the consumption growth of durable goods. Automobile-related policies continued until the end of 2010, and about 460,000 vehicles were subsidized for car trade-in, which boosted the consumption of new cars by 49.6 billion yuan. The policies related to household appliances continued until the end of 2011, and 92.48 million new household appliances in five categories were sold, which boosted direct consumption by more than 342 billion yuan, effectively releasing the consumption potential of urban residents.

The second is to promote the production and marketing of durable consumer goods and promote industrial development. In terms of home appliances, in 2011, the trade-in sales of home appliances exceeded 110 billion yuan, accounting for about 1/5 of the total sales of home appliances that year. With the policy of home appliances going to the countryside, the number of home appliances in rural areas has greatly increased. In 2012, the number of refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines and color TVs per 100 rural households increased by 41.2, 16.8, 21.3 and 22.5 respectively compared with 2007. In terms of automobiles, since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the automobile industry has been steadily opening to the outside world, while private automobile enterprises have accelerated their development. In addition, residents’ income has increased substantially, and private automobile consumption has flourished. At present, some cars have reached the replacement period, there are more products to choose from in the market, and the demand for changing cars among residents has increased. In 2009, China’s automobile production and sales exceeded 10 million vehicles. According to statistics, in 2010, the number of subsidized cars was the highest, accounting for 46.4%.

The third is to promote energy conservation and emission reduction and develop circular economy. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, it is urgent to change the extensive growth mode. In 2005, "Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Circular Economy" was issued, proposing "to realize the unification of economic, environmental and social benefits and build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society". Thanks to the promotion of the trade-in policy, the energy efficiency of automobiles and household appliances has been significantly improved. The fuel consumption of old automobiles is 5% to 10% higher than that of new ones, and the power consumption of old household appliances is 20% to 30% higher than that of new ones.

The fourth is to stabilize and expand employment. Household appliances, automobiles and other durable consumer goods have a long industrial chain, and the trade-in policy not only promotes the development of retail industry, but also promotes the development of logistics, after-sales service, recycling and dismantling industries, which are labor-intensive industries and have strong ability to absorb employment. It is estimated that there are more than 400,000 employees who serve the trade-in of household appliances. This round of trade-in of consumer goods has effectively expanded the scale of employment.

In the new round of trade-in of consumer goods, the replacement of durable goods is still the focus of stimulating consumption potential, but different from the last round, the growth of residents’ durable goods consumption is mainly reflected in structural changes, driven by incremental expansion and more driven by stock optimization. By the end of 2023, the number of automobiles in China was 336 million, and the number of refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and other major categories of household appliances exceeded 3 billion. There is great demand and potential for upgrading automobiles and household appliances. It is worth noting that from the situation and effect of the last round of trade-in, there are still some problems in recycling and dismantling, such as the recycling enterprises can not obtain invoices for tax deduction, the coverage of dismantling enterprises is small, and some household appliances are recycled by small vendors and then flow into the second-hand market. At present, the recycling system of household appliances, automobiles and other durable goods in China is not perfect, there are few qualified recycling enterprises, many decentralized self-employed households and a lack of professional and technical personnel, and the proportion of waste household appliances recycled through formal channels is not high. Therefore, it is very important to build a closed loop of "replacement+recycling" and improve the recycling system. The new round of trade-in of consumer goods may bring about the centralized release of demand. It is suggested to benchmark the international advanced level, give play to the leading role of standards such as energy saving, low carbon, health and safety, promote the development of industrial upgrading and consumption upgrading in the same direction, guide the updated consumption and echelon consumption in an orderly manner, and release the consumption potential continuously and stably.

Grasp the key links and make precise efforts.

Why launch a new round of consumer goods trade-in? What is the market demand and development potential of consumer goods in China?

Wei Qijia (Director and Researcher, Industrial Economics Research Office, Economic Forecasting Department, National Information Center):Looking at the trade-in of consumer goods should not be limited to the consumer goods themselves, but should be understood from the perspective of economic cycle. Carrying out a new round of trade-in of consumer goods accurately and orderly is an important measure to expand effective demand and smooth the cycle of supply and demand. The implementation of this policy is conducive to the formation of a virtuous circle of mutual promotion of consumption and investment, and the realization of benefiting enterprises and the people.

It is timely to promote a new round of trade-in of consumer goods. After the smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control, consumption recovery needs a process, and it can get twice the result with half the effort to really boost consumption from the needs of thousands of households. The data shows that by the end of 2023, the number of cars in China reached 336 million, and the number of household appliances in major categories such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners exceeded 3 billion. According to this volume estimate, the upgrading of automobiles and household appliances is expected to create a market space of one trillion yuan. In terms of related consumption potential and growth rate, in the first quarter of this year, the retail sales of consumer goods such as household appliances and audio-visual equipment were 205.3 billion yuan, up 5.8% year-on-year, the retail sales of sports and entertainment products were 30.7 billion yuan, up 14.2% year-on-year, and the retail sales of automobiles were 1,116.3 billion yuan, up 3.8% year-on-year. From the perspective of absolute quantity and growth rate, these consumer goods have a large market space. If the policy can play a better role, it will be able to release huge demand and play a more significant role in supporting and promoting economic growth. From a broader perspective, as the economy stabilizes and rebounds, the consumption growth potential will be further released. At present, accelerating the trade-in of consumer goods will help stimulate consumption potential. The data shows that the total retail sales of consumer goods in the first quarter of this year exceeded 12 trillion yuan, up 4.7% year-on-year, and there is still room for improvement. The recovery of consumption is a slow variable, but the trend of accelerating recovery is emerging.

The new round of trade-in of consumer goods focuses on the fields of automobiles, household appliances, home improvement, kitchen and bathroom, which is closely related to the development stage of China’s economy. The data shows that the urbanization rate of permanent residents is 66.2% in 2023, but the urbanization rate of registered population is less than 50%. The urbanization process is progressing steadily, and the consumer market still has great potential. At the present stage, consumers’ demand for automobiles, home appliances and home improvement kitchens and bathrooms has a large room for growth. Promoting trade-in in these areas can boost consumption and help improve the consumption environment. From the perspective of industrial development, on the one hand, it provides a driving force for the convergence of production and demand, keeping inventory and sales in a dynamic balance, on the other hand, it is conducive to broadening the sales channels of energy-saving products and further enhancing their market share. Recycling is an important focus of industrial green development. Trade-in of consumer goods will innovate and enrich application scenarios and promote high-quality economic development.

Promoting a new round of trade-in of consumer goods is a systematic project, which requires precise efforts in policy and a good grasp of the three key links of "standard clearance", "capital clearance" and "operation clearance".

"Standard Pass" emphasizes the leading role of highlighting standards. Reasonable standards can promote the healthy development of the industry and promote the improvement of product quality, while backward standards are not conducive to product upgrading. For consumer goods, standards are very important. Taking the automobile industry as an example, the mandatory scrapping standards for motor vehicles and the vehicle safety and environmental protection inspection standards are directly related to the cycle of automobile product upgrading, involving equipment safety issues, and need to form a long-term mechanism conducive to the implementation of standards. Taking home appliances as an example, energy consumption standards affect the product system construction of the whole industry. Only when the relevant standards are dynamically updated can the preferential policies related to the buyer play an effective role. In addition to "hard standards", "soft standards" are also indispensable. For example, the definition of recycling valuation needs a frame of reference, a reference object, and a clear calculation process and standards, so as to promote the smooth operation of all aspects of trade-in.

"Capital Pass" emphasizes the optimization of various financial support methods. Financial support is not "flood irrigation", it is not for the sake of support, and it must be accurate and effective. For the trade-in of consumer goods to be supported, it is necessary to comprehensively calculate the amount and proportion of financial support from various information resources and set a reasonable range. For example, the insurance premium rate of new energy vehicles and the down payment ratio of automobile consumption loans all have the problem of optimizing the ratio and effect. Setting a suitable ratio is conducive to the healthy development of the industry. At the same time, we should define the source of funds. Some need financial support, but it doesn’t mean that financial funds can do everything. It is suggested to guide producers to make a balanced calculation according to sales quantity, pricing and profit, and promote trade-in by flexibly adjusting prices.

"Operation Pass" emphasizes the cooperation of the whole chain, such as dismantling and recycling, construction of the main body of operation and after-sales service. From the perspective of policy promotion and implementation, the above link is the "last mile" and will promote the full release of policy dividends. The whole chain link involved in trade-in has a complete and relatively independent internal system, so how to achieve connectivity, penetration, specialization and standardization of the operating subject is very important. It is suggested that by cultivating specialized enterprises, the closed-loop circulation of second-hand goods can be realized, the integration of resources in the whole chain can be promoted, and the after-sales service level can be brought into the big network of trade-in, which will form a strong traction for the accurate and orderly development of trade-in business.

Multi-measures to stimulate consumption vitality and achieve remarkable results

What measures have been taken by various localities to support trade-in? What are the bottlenecks to form the scale effect of upgrading?

Yi Shaohua (Director and Researcher, national academy of economic strategy Market Circulation and Consumption Research Office):With the steady improvement of China’s economic development level and the increasing consumption power of residents, higher requirements are put forward for the quality of consumer goods, and the focus of consumption has changed from survival to development. In the field of physical commodity consumption, some consumer goods markets, represented by automobiles and household appliances, have entered the stage of paying equal attention to stock and increment from the incremental stage. By exchanging the old for the new, it can not only stimulate potential consumption, but also better meet the people’s needs for a better life and form a virtuous circle of mutual promotion of consumption and investment.

At present, the trade-in of consumer goods mainly includes durable consumer goods, bulk consumer goods, such as household appliances, electronic products, automobiles, etc., and joint promotion activities are carried out through government support and profit-making by enterprises. Encouraged by policies, various localities have stimulated consumption vitality and facilitated consumer groups in various ways, and achieved positive results.

Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, combined with Nanjing International Consumer Festival (Spring) activities, with the theme of "revitalizing the new season", distributed a total of 10 million yuan of automobile consumption subsidies. The Municipal Bureau of Commerce cooperated with two leading enterprises, Suning.cn and JD.COM, to carry out home appliance trade-in activities. JD.COM Wuxing Electric Co., Ltd., in conjunction with the head brand of household appliances, will increase subsidies for trade-in for air conditioners, color TVs, cooking stoves, digital mobile phones and other categories, with a maximum subsidy of 4,000 yuan for a single unit; Suning.cn provides free door-to-door, disassembly, handling and other services, making it more convenient for consumers to replace their home appliances.

The Department of Commerce of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region arranged 16 million yuan to carry out the subsidy activity of replacing old household appliances with new ones. By means of government subsidies, business concessions and platform support, the channel of industry cooperation was opened through the renovation of second-hand houses and old residential quarters, and the home improvement business was catalyzed by home appliance resources, thus promoting the upgrading of home appliances. Take Liuzhou as an example, the city provides diversified supplies and services according to the differentiated needs of consumers, providing consumers with one-stop transformation services of personalized design, garbage removal and preferential replacement, which directly promotes the release of household appliances consumption demand.

Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, through the joint subsidy of home appliance sales enterprises and manufacturers, increased the intensity of trade-in. At the same time, it organized home appliance distribution enterprises to join community streets to carry out trade-in public welfare activities, and provided services such as free cleaning and free testing of home appliances for special people. Hainan Province subsidizes the scrapping and replacement of old cars and the purchase of green household appliances, organizes household appliance enterprises in the province to carry out trade-in activities, encourages tax-free enterprises to give preferential benefits, and forms a multi-party linkage promotion trend. In terms of home improvement and kitchen renovation, Hunan Province has carried out activities such as home rejuvenation season, home improvement consumption festival and home consumption festival, and built 100 green, intelligent and aging-suitable model rooms in the province, taking the model rooms as a demonstration to lead the home improvement and renovation activities, so that consumers can feel the charm of smart life on the spot.

Of course, there are still some bottlenecks that need to be broken.

First, the innovation of financial instruments is insufficient, and the profit margin of enterprises is limited. Trade-in of consumer goods involves a wide range, showing the characteristics of long cycle and large span. It is difficult to achieve it by the enterprise itself. It needs to be supported by fiscal and taxation policies and financial instrument innovation to ease the financial pressure of enterprises and release policy dividends. At present, some financial institutions have made useful explorations in this regard. For example, Fujian Branch of China Construction Bank launched the "five new" measures to update financial support equipment and trade-in consumer goods from the aspects of support equipment, product innovation, consumption scenarios, preferential activities and policy guidance, which effectively improved the quality and efficiency of financial services, helped expand domestic demand and promoted consumption.

Second, it is necessary to find the right entry point to stimulate consumers to change their motivation. Although residents have a demand for upgrading consumer goods, there are many influencing factors. Durable consumer goods such as household appliances are large-sized goods, and the price of a single product is high. Most consumers rarely change their products when they can use them. Even if there are some price concessions, most people are difficult to put them into action. At present, the recycling price of old household appliances, old furniture and other items is low, which is far from consumers’ psychological expectations, and has also become one of the factors affecting trade-in. It is still a challenge to push consumers to turn potential demand into real demand and make them willing to change and actively change.

Third, the recycling system of used household appliances needs to be improved. In the process of releasing the demand for the replacement of household appliances, the recycling of waste household appliances is facing difficulties. Some household appliances and furniture manufacturers give up recycling related products because of the high recycling cost. At the same time, factors such as the lack of storage space for waste goods and the difficulty of recycling vehicles entering the city have also restricted the expansion of the market scale of household appliances and furniture. It is suggested to build a regional transfer station for waste household appliances in a suitable place, collect waste household appliances and furniture at home through platforms, merchants and third-party resources, and transport them to the dismantling site. At the same time, home appliance manufacturers are encouraged to build a recycling system of "recycling-dismantling-regeneration-remanufacturing" to achieve green and low-carbon development.

Let the recycling of old goods be efficient and smooth

How to realize efficient recycling of old goods with new ones?

Peng Bo (researcher, Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce):In March 2024, the State Council issued the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). According to the Action Plan, the replaced consumer goods can be recycled efficiently through the circulation of second-hand goods, remanufacturing, step-by-step utilization and recycling.

The Action Plan proposes to support the circulation of second-hand commodities. The complete automobile market includes new car and used car market, and the trading volume of used cars in major developed countries exceeds that of new cars. By the end of 2023, China’s car ownership reached 336 million, with 34.8 million newly registered motor vehicles, and the cumulative transaction volume of used cars nationwide was 18.4133 million, up 14.88% year-on-year. In terms of export, the export volume of used cars in China exceeded 100,000 vehicles in 2023, accounting for only 2% of the total export scale of 4.91 million vehicles. Most of them are parallel export vehicles, and the used car market has broad development potential.

The market potential of second-hand electronic products is huge. Apple once launched the iPhone trade-in business in the United States. Consumers can exchange old iPhones for certain points in the Apple Store and offset them when buying a new generation of mobile phones. In recent years, China’s mobile phone and home appliance market is developing with each passing day, product updating iteration is fast, and consumer demand is growing rapidly. The data shows that in 2023, China’s total mobile phone shipments totaled 289 million units, and the idle amount of used mobile phones increased year by year. It is estimated that the total idle amount will reach 6 billion units during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. Trade-in will accelerate the update iteration of mobile phone production, and the electronic product industry will usher in greater development space.

Second-hand furniture transactions continue to develop. According to the survey data of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, among more than 3,000 citizens who participated in the survey, 11.1% of the respondents abandoned large furniture in 2023, and 46.5% of them chose to sell waste products. Furniture with good color and brand will usually be sent to the second-hand market for resale, among which solid wood and second-hand furniture with certain collection value are relatively popular.

The Action Plan proposes to promote remanufacturing and step-by-step utilization in an orderly manner. This requirement also applies to consumer goods. The earliest "remanufacturing" appeared in the 1930s. In 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments jointly issued "Opinions on Promoting the Development of Remanufacturing Industry", which proposed that remanufacturing can save energy by 60%, materials by 70% and costs by 50% compared with manufacturing new products, and almost no solid waste is produced, and the emission of air pollutants is reduced by more than 80%. At present, the market size of the global remanufacturing industry has exceeded 150 billion US dollars. The annual output value of China’s remanufacturing industry has exceeded 100 billion yuan, making it one of the largest remanufacturing markets in the world.

The price of engine remanufactured products of Jinan Fuqiang Power Co., Ltd. is only 75% of the original price of new products. If the old engine is exchanged for remanufactured products, it can also offset 25% of the price. BYD is committed to the production of new energy vehicles, and attaches great importance to the remanufacturing and cascade utilization of automotive power batteries. When the available capacity of the power battery is 60% to 80%, which can not meet the use requirements, the waste power battery will be recycled for testing and maintenance, and then sent to the power and communication fields for building energy storage power stations after reorganization; When the available capacity of the power battery is further attenuated to 20% to 60%, it can be recycled and disassembled into single batteries for solar street lamps, UPS power supplies and other small energy storage tools. When the usable capacity decays to less than 20%, it will be scrapped, from which useful chemical components and metal elements will be extracted and recovered for the production of new power batteries. Gemei is one of the leading enterprises to recycle electronic wastes and used batteries economically and on a large scale, and has built a life cycle value chain from recycling, remanufacturing to step-by-step utilization to ensure the efficient recycling of used power batteries.

The Action Plan proposes to promote high-level recycling of resources. Improving the ability and level of resource recycling can significantly reduce the demand for primary resources and reduce the pressure of mineral resources exploitation on the natural environment.

According to the statistics of China Renewable Resources Recycling Association, in 2023, the amount of scrapped cars increased by 7.56 million, up by 32%, the amount of recycled furniture exceeded 200 million, the total amount of recycled household appliances reached 4.5 million tons, and the amount of discarded mobile phones could reach more than 400 million every year. It is estimated that after a scrapped small car is finely disassembled, it can decompose about 36 kilograms of rubber, 70 kilograms of plastic, 740 kilograms of scrap iron and 100 kilograms of aluminum; An ordinary refrigerator can recover 9 kilograms of plastic, 38.6 kilograms of iron and 1.4 kilograms of copper; One ton of used mobile phones can extract 400 grams of gold and 2300 grams of silver.

Miluo City, Hunan Province has gathered more than 100 enterprises specializing in the treatment of used household appliances, forming a relatively complete industrial chain, and nearly 10,000 tons of usable substances are obtained after recycling and dismantling used household appliances every day. Among them, recycled metals are sold to auto parts manufacturers in this city for reproduction, which is environmentally friendly and reduces production costs. Haier Group practices the concept of sustainable development, supports the green and sustainable development of the whole industrial chain, and builds the industry’s first home appliance recycling interconnected factory integrating "recycling-dismantling-recycling-reuse", covering three systems of recycling, dismantling and recycling, and has customized six dismantling lines for used household appliances, one cleaning and sorting line for recycled plastics and 13 high-quality recycling new material granulation lines. At present, the factory has an annual dismantling capacity of 2 million sets of waste household appliances and a recycling capacity of 30,000 tons of recycled materials.

No.122 [2023] of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

The competent departments of industry and information technology of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant industry associations, enterprises and institutions:

The "Implementation Opinions on the Construction and Application of Manufacturing Technology Innovation System" are hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

August 15, 2023

Note:

① There are 1-5★, and the more★, the higher the overall level. Among them, one ★ belongs to the field of "stuck neck", which is highly dependent on the outside world in terms of products and technology, and its self-sufficiency rate is very low. Two ★ means that technology belongs to the field of "stuck neck", and it is externally dependent on products and technologies, and the technology and products as a whole are not competitive and have weak self-sufficiency ability. 3 ★ means that the independent technology and products are in the "usable" stage, and some technologies and products in the link have certain competitiveness at home and abroad, and the self-sufficiency rate is at a medium level. 4 ★ means that the independent technology and products are in the "easy to use" stage, and some technologies in the link have strong international competitiveness and high self-sufficiency rate. Five ★ represents that the independent technology and products in the link are in the "easy to use" stage, with strong international competitiveness, leading domestic technology level and high self-sufficiency rate.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of technological development. Among them, the level 1 representative has weak technical ability and is seriously subject to people. Level-2 represents weak self-owned technical ability, and key technologies are subject to people. Level 3 represents a certain breakthrough in its own technology and keeps pace with the international leading level. The key technologies of Level 4 Representative are relatively mature, and some of them have reached the international advanced level. Level 5 represents the establishment and perfection of its own technical system, and the key technologies have reached the international leading level.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the larger the number, the higher the basic commonality. Among them, level 1 represents the key technology is only the unique technology of the production object in this link. Level 2 represents that key technologies are applicable to this subdivision. Level 3 means that key technologies are applicable to this industry. Level 4 means that key technologies are applicable to most industries. Level 5 represents that key technologies are widely applicable to various industries.

④ It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, the level of level 1 representatives is basically the same as that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and that of foreign countries.

Main characteristic indicators: describe the technical indicators that can be compared at home and abroad.

⑤ The technology without independent ability corresponds to level 1 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies, indicating that the technology is completely dependent on the outside world and is in the stage of tackling key scientific and technological problems; The technologies to be industrialized correspond to Grade 2-3 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies. Grade 2 indicates that the technology has passed the stage of tackling key scientific and technological problems and is in the stage of commercialization and small-batch production of achievements. Grade 3 indicates that the products and technological processes tend to be mature but have not yet completed the industrialization stage. Mature technologies that can be widely popularized correspond to grades 4-5 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies. Grade 4 indicates that the technology has been preliminarily matured and can be applied to individual industries, and grade 5 indicates that the technology is advanced and mature and can be widely popularized.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5 pieces. The more pieces, the higher the overall level. The overall evaluation can be made by combining the gap between domestic and foreign material suppliers, the diversity and stability of material sources, etc.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the greater the number, the greater the gap. Level 1 represents a high market share of domestic materials, which has strong international competitiveness and is in the forefront of the international market share. Level 2 represents a high market share of domestic materials and has certain competitiveness in the world. Level 3 represents that domestic materials are in the "usable" stage and have a certain market share. Level 4 means that the materials are mainly from abroad, and the domestic materials are in the stage of "not easy to use". Level 5 means that there is no relevant material supplier in China, and the degree of control is high.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the bigger the number, the better the situation. Overall evaluation can be given in combination with diversity and stability. In terms of diversity evaluation, the first-level representative supplier has a single source. The number of level 2 representative suppliers is small, and all of them are foreign suppliers. Level 3 represents a certain number of suppliers, and most of the products are supplied from abroad. Level 4 represents diversified suppliers, some of which are from abroad. Level 5 means that suppliers have diversified sources and have alternatives in extreme cases. In terms of stability, the main suppliers of the first-level representative core products are extremely unstable and highly constrained, which is greatly affected by changes in the international situation. Level 2 represents the unstable suppliers of core products, which are highly controlled and affected by changes in the international situation. Level 3 represents the suppliers of core products with certain stability, and domestic or friendly countries account for a certain proportion. Level 4 represents stable suppliers of core products, mainly domestic or friendly countries. Level 5 represents stable suppliers of core products, mainly domestic suppliers.

Note:

① It is divided into four levels: international leading, international advanced, domestic leading and domestic advanced. It is necessary to fill in the top three enterprises in terms of foreign and domestic share or overall development level respectively.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the bigger the number, the better the situation. Level 1 represents that domestic enterprises have not established cooperative relations or cannot form cooperation due to lack of links; level 2 represents that some upstream and downstream enterprises have established cooperative relations; level 3 represents that upstream and downstream key enterprises have established cooperative relations; level 4 represents that upstream and downstream key links have established extensive cooperative relations and jointly promoted the research and development and industrialization of new technologies and new products; level 5 represents that upstream and downstream enterprises have closely cooperated and collaborative innovations have been widely applied, forming an overall competitive advantage.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. Overall evaluation combined with domestic manufacturing equipment capabilities and gaps and other factors for overall comprehensive analysis.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, there is basically no difference in the level of level 1 representatives. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and foreign countries, so it is very difficult to catch up.

Static breakthrough period: the shortest time required for domestic production of products of the same level as those of foreign countries.

Note:

According to the concept of "quality is determined by R&D and design, realized by manufacturing and guaranteed by inspection and testing", quality runs through the whole life cycle of products and requires various quality engineering technologies. Among them, quality design technology is related design control technology around quality characteristics in the design process of products or manufacturing. Such as: design parameter optimization technology, reliability design technology and so on. Manufacturing process quality control technology is a related control technology around product quality characteristics in the process of product processing and manufacturing. Such as: on-line measurement control technology, equipment stability assurance technology, etc. Detection and test technology is related to the measurement, inspection and test of product quality characteristics. Such as calibration technology. Quality assurance technology: It refers to the technology related to product quality control in order to ensure users’ continuous use requirements and subsequent quality improvement during product delivery and operation. Such as: Operation and Maintenance Task Analysis Technology (OMTA), Fault Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS), etc.

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. 1★ represents the lack of quality engineering technology, and there is no relevant quality engineering technology institution in China. 2★ represents weak quality engineering technology and lack of authoritative organization. Level 3★ means that there is a gap in quality engineering technology, and it has a well-known quality engineering technology institution. 4★ It represents that there is a gap in some domestic quality engineering technologies, and it has internationally renowned quality engineering technology institutions. 5★ represents that quality engineering technology is at the same level with foreign countries, and it has international advanced quality engineering technology institutions.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, there is basically no difference in the level of level 1 representatives. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and foreign countries, so it is very difficult to catch up.

Note:

Standard categories include: international standards, regional standards, national standards, industry standards, group standards and enterprise-led factual standards.

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. One ★ represents a serious lack of domestic standards in this field, no independent standards and lack of application, the standards are subject to people and difficult to break through, the right to speak technology is seriously lacking, and the necessary patents for standards are held by foreign enterprises. Two ★ represent the lack of domestic standards in this field, the insufficient number and application of independent standards, the insufficient matching between independent standards and the current level of industrial development, and the existence of many new technologies and products that have not been covered. China has adopted international standards, but it lacks the right to speak in technology. 3 ★ represents that there are a certain number of independent standards in China, but the standard system is not perfect, the applicability of independent standards basically matches the current industrial development level, the digitalization of standards has begun to advance, and there are some new technologies and products that have not been covered. The implementation of standards in this field is good, and the standards have been adopted by certain policies in terms of market access, supervision after the event, etc. China has participated in the formulation of international standards in this field and formed a certain technical discourse right in some sub-fields. 4 ★ Represents that domestic standards in this field are relatively complete, and there is a mature standard system. Independent standards and standards are widely used digitally, which has played a great role in promoting industrial development. The implementation of standards in this field by enterprises is very good, and standards are widely publicized and trained. Standards have more policy acceptance in market access, supervision after the event, etc., and domestic enterprises actively participate in international standardization activities in this field.And formed a greater technical discourse power. Five stars ★ represent that the standards in this field are complete and sufficient, the standard system is sound and forward-looking, and the independent standards and standards are widely used digitally, which has played an important role in promoting industrial development. Enterprises have achieved remarkable results in implementing the standards in this field, with a high compliance rate. They have organized extensive standards publicity and training, and the standards have been widely adopted by policies in terms of market access and supervision afterwards, and have established a leading position in international standardization in this field.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. The overall evaluation combines the gap between domestic and foreign major service providers, the level of digital development and the level of green development to make a comprehensive analysis.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of digital development. Level 1 representatives do not have the relevant digital transformation and development capabilities. The second-level representative part adopted automation technology and information technology to transform and upgrade the production activities, and initially realized the data sharing of the business. Level 3 represents the integration of the equipment and systems involved to realize cross-link data sharing. Level 4 fully excavates and applies the data of personnel, resources and manufacturing in the manufacturing process through digital means, and the production efficiency and product quality are obviously improved. Level 5 represents the iterative upgrading of the industry based on digital technology, efficient coordination of the industrial chain, and accelerated formation of new models and new formats.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of green development. Level 1 represents high energy consumption level of products, weak pollutant treatment capacity and generally weak awareness of green development. Level 2 represents a high level of energy consumption, a weak ability to deal with pollutants, and a weak ability to serve green manufacturing. Level 3 delegates have established a green development mechanism, initially carried out energy conservation, pollutant prevention and control, and formed a number of green technology/solution service providers. Level 4 represents that green and low-carbon technologies have been expanded and applied, energy consumption level and carbon emission intensity have been steadily reduced, and the green technology/solution service system is relatively perfect. Level 5 represents a low energy consumption level, achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions, and improving the green technology/solution service provider system.

④ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the larger the number, the higher the maturity of the supporting facilities. Level 1 representatives have no relevant public service platform at present. Level 2 representatives have relevant public service platforms, and their service capabilities are single. Level 3 representatives have relevant public service platforms and provide some necessary public service projects. The four-level representative service platform has common services such as information service, financing service, technological innovation service, entrepreneurship service, training service, management consulting service, market development and legal service. The Level-5 representative platform focuses on industrial characteristics and application requirements, and has established complete services including specialized information services, financing services, technological innovation services, entrepreneurial services, training services, management consulting services, market development, and legal services.

　　The filing of P2P peer-to-peer lending platform, which has attracted much attention in the industry, has now ushered in new progress. It is reported that the regulatory authorities are soliciting opinions on the online loan filing rules. According to the current plan, some provinces and cities will be the pilot areas for filing. On the basis of summing up the pilot experience, according to the overall time limit of three years to prevent major risks, the filing and registration of stock online lending institutions will be completed nationwide in 2020.

　　In the eyes of many people in the industry, the introduction of online loan filing rules will be another major measure after compliance inspection and Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Classified Disposal and Risk Prevention of Online Loan Institutions, which is not only conducive to the follow-up filing work of the compliance platform, but also conducive to protecting the rights and interests of lenders and promoting the orderly clearing of industry risks.

　　Continuous adjustment of the industry

　　"The proposal of the online loan filing rules will promote the online loan industry to take a substantial step, which also means that the filing will be restarted in the near future. The acceleration of industry clearing and the filing of the compliance platform will obviously boost market confidence. " Zhang Yexia, dean of the Online Loan Home Research Institute, said.

　　Since the Notice on Implementing the Interim Measures for the Management of Business Activities of Information Intermediaries in peer-to-peer lending in August 2016, it was first mentioned that the online loan industry implemented the filing and registration system, and the filing of the industry has been in an irregular state. Correspondingly, the prosperity of the online lending industry continues to decline, and problem events occur from time to time. According to the incomplete statistics of online loan houses, as of the end of March this year, the cumulative number of closed and problematic platforms reached 5,595; Recently, individual head platforms also broke out risk events, which once again brought considerable impact to the industry.

　　It is worth noting that according to the current plan, online lending institutions are required to pay "one book and two gold", of which "one book" refers to the paid-in registered capital; "Two funds" are the general risk reserve and the lender’s risk compensation. "This indicates to some extent the source of redemption funds after the outbreak of risk events by online lending institutions." Experts said that among them, the general risk reserve is used to pay in advance the losses caused by the online lending institution’s own reasons (such as publishing false information, failing to disclose information as required, and self-financing of online lending institutions). Lender’s risk compensation is used to make up the lender’s principal loss when the borrower has credit risk and cannot repay the lender’s funds as agreed.

　　"For most small and medium-sized platforms, this is a cruel knockout." Ai Yawen, an analyst at Rong 360 Big Data Research Institute, said that only this "one book and two gold" has blocked many small and medium-sized platforms with weak financial strength. In her view, in the face of the "cold winter" of the industry, financing channels and funds are shrinking, and it is also very difficult for the platform to introduce shareholder financing. In the first three months of this year, only one or two online lending institutions obtained venture capital funds.

　　Small platforms are not optimistic.

　　It is noteworthy that at present, the proposed plan proposes that online lending institutions can be divided into single provincial-level regional operation and national operation according to their business scope. In the future, a large number will be single provincial-level regional operation institutions, and regional operation institutions can only carry out fund matching services in this region. "This will undoubtedly significantly narrow the scope of risks, and the lending limit will further reduce lending losses." Wang chunying, a researcher at the online loan home research institute, said.

　　In the eyes of many people in the industry, the online loan filing rules will further aggravate the industry differentiation. For the national online lending institutions, it is not limited by the geographical location of lenders and borrowers, and its potential business scope is very wide; On the contrary, online lending institutions operating in a single provincial region can only match local funds to serve local borrowers, and the business volume and scope are greatly narrowed. The development prospect of national pilot institutions is much higher than that of regional institutions.

　　At the same time, Zhang Yexia said that the lenders and borrowers of new matchmaking business in the place where a single provincial-level regional operating institution operates must remain in the same provincial-level region as the place where the online lending institution is registered, which may trigger a wave of platform migration, only in the regional operation. The platform will reconsider the filing place.

　　In addition, for platforms that cannot complete filing, they can also guide institutions to transform into online small loans, consumer finance companies, or other licensed financial institutions. However, in Ai Yawen’s view, in addition to continuing to file for rectification, if the platform does not have absolute resource advantages, the transformation is of little significance. Small-scale online lending platforms with insufficient background strength are generally weak in operational capacity, poor in comprehensive anti-risk ability and not optimistic in profitability.

　　According to the key monitoring data of Rong 360 Data Research Institute, as of the end of March this year, there were 1,047 online lending platforms operating normally in China, with at least 300 registered funds less than 50 million yuan, and 245 outstanding ones less than 100 million yuan. Some of them have suspended bidding and even become "zombie platforms" (no new bidding will be issued for three months).

　　Strengthen investor protection

　　In order to better protect investors, according to the current plan, the number of creditor’s rights transfers between lenders of the same online lending platform shall not exceed three times, and creditors of different online lending platforms shall not transfer creditor’s rights; Online lending institutions shall not carry out automatic bidding and other entrusted bidding business; The lending balance of natural person lenders in the same online lending institution shall not exceed 200,000 yuan, and the total lending balance in different online lending institutions shall not exceed 500,000 yuan.

　　"This is to control the risk of online lending within a certain range and reduce the harm of risk events to lenders." Zhang Yexia said, but some detailed requirements need to be further explained. Take the lender’s identity authentication method as an example. For the online lending institutions operating in a single provincial region, the lenders and borrowers who have newly added matching business must remain at the same provincial level as the online lending institutions’ registration places, and the ways to confirm the lender’s identity need to be further clarified, such as referring to the ID number, the place where the mobile phone number belongs, and the login IP.

　　At the same time, in terms of the lender’s asset certification method, Zhang Yexia said that the asset certification needs to specify whether the lender needs to upload relevant certification materials and the form of certification materials, such as bank flow, income certificate, social security/provident fund payment record, and equity asset account balance. If uploading is needed, how to identify the authenticity of the certification materials by the platform is also a major problem for testing online lending institutions. At the same time, the issuance and uploading of certification materials may also cause poor lending experience of online lending platforms.

　　In addition, Sack Research Institute believes that under normal circumstances, the less investment, the weaker the risk tolerance of users. Online lending has high risks, so we should set a threshold for qualified investors and raise the initial investment limit.

　　Cctv newsOn July 9th, the State Council and the Treasury Department of the United States announced that they would impose sanctions on a Xinjiang, China government agency and four officials according to the domestic laws of the United States. In response, Zhao Lijian, spokesman of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, expressed firm opposition and strong condemnation at today’s (10th) press conference, and announced that reciprocal measures would be taken against relevant American institutions and individuals who behaved badly on Xinjiang-related issues.

　　Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao LijianThe above-mentioned actions of the US side seriously interfere in China’s internal affairs, seriously violate the basic norms of international relations and seriously damage Sino-US relations. China resolutely opposes this and strongly condemns it. In response to the wrong actions of the United States, China decided to take reciprocal measures against relevant American institutions and individuals who behaved badly on Xinjiang-related issues. Xinjiang affairs are purely China’s internal affairs, and the US has no power and is not qualified to interfere.

　　Zhao Lijian emphasized that the China government is determined to defend the interests of national sovereignty, security and development, to crack down on violent, separatist and religious extremist forces, and to oppose any external interference in Xinjiang affairs and China’s internal affairs.

　　Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao LijianWe urge the US to immediately revoke the wrong decision and stop any words and deeds that interfere in China’s internal affairs and harm China’s interests. If the US persists in its actions, China will resolutely fight back.