Behind the word ＂Troubles＂ in the British history book： 30 years of blood and hate in Northern Ireland conflict

2025年9月5日 | admin | C3

　　　　　　　　

　 　 　 　 In British history books, there is a word called "Troubles", which refers to the conflict in Northern Ireland from 1968 to 1998.

　　　　　　　　Belfast in those thirty years was very different from other cities in Europe. There are heavily armed military vehicles on the streets, soldiers armed with live ammunition are ready to attack at any time, police stations need to be protected by high-wall wire grids, walls are built between adjacent streets, roadblocks are set up outside commercial areas to prohibit vehicles that may contain explosives from entering and leaving, and people who buy daily necessities outside shops queue up to pass the security check. Bombings and shootings are one after another, and people in other parts of Britain are also fearful, because they don’t know which car, which trash can and which forgotten backpack will suddenly detonate. At that time, there was a chilling name: Irish Republican Army.

Origin: religious struggle, civil rights parade turned into violent conflict

　　　　　　　　The conflict between Northern Ireland and Ireland is a territorial conflict, a conflict between the ownership and identity of two completely different groups, which has both political and religious factors. Since the 16th century, many immigrants from England and Scotland moved to northern Ireland. Most of them were wealthy Protestants, pushing the original Catholics in Northern Ireland to the edge. In 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom, but like Scotland, some people’s calls for independence never stopped. In 1916, the predecessor of the Irish Republican Army launched the "Easter Uprising" in Dublin, and Irish nationalism was high. In 1919, Sinn Fein (meaning "ourselves") and the Irish Republican Army were founded with the goal of fighting for independence. In 1920, the British government established two houses in Ireland, the North and the South, which were in charge of the 26 counties in the south and the 6 counties in the north, giving them some autonomy. In 1921, Britain and Ireland signed an agreement to establish a free state, and 26 counties in the south became independent from the United Kingdom. In 1937, the Free State declared the establishment of the Republic of Ireland.

　 　 　 　 　 Six counties in Northern Ireland remained in Britain because of years of immigration, when Protestants accounted for the majority of the population in Northern Ireland. Protestants don’t want to leave England, so they are also called royalists or unionists; Indigenous Catholics, on the other hand, hope to be unified with the south, so they are also called Republicans or nationalists. The conflict between the two factions has been constant, but it has not reached the point of white-hot later. Although defense diplomacy is still dominated by London, the Northern Ireland House is still relatively autonomous. For decades, the Northern Ireland House has been controlled by The Ulster Unionist Party——UUP), which marginalized Catholics from employment, education, medical care and health care. Catholics are discriminated second-class citizens.

　　　　　　　　Where there is oppression, there is resistance. The civil rights movement that began in the United States in the 1960s spread to Northern Ireland, and Northern Ireland Catholics took to the streets to demand more political rights, social supply and cultural recognition, but these were resisted by Protestants. In October 1968, the demonstrations demanding civil rights quickly turned into violent conflicts, and the police controlled by royalists were extremely heavy, and various contradictions also intensified rapidly. The royalists and Republicans were at loggerheads. This is the beginning of the "Troubles" defined in the history books.

Confrontation: 3,600 British troops were killed and 50,000 wounded.

　　　　　　　　Seeing that the Irish Parliament could not control the situation, the London government sent troops to Northern Ireland to maintain order in 1969. Although the British army set foot on the land of Northern Ireland, most ordinary people could accept it, but a small number of extreme Republicans were quite disgusted. The civil rights demand that should have been reformed within Northern Ireland quickly rose to the movement of separation from Britain and reunification with the south. In the same year, some extremists in the Irish Republican Army separated and established the Provisional Irish Republican Army, which is also known as IRA. They began to directly attack the British army and announced that they would carry out a "protracted war" against Britain and the royalists.

　 　 　 　 　 The British government took a tough approach to IRA at first. In 1971, they announced internment’s policy that they could be detained without trial, and more than 2,000 people were arrested. On January 30, 1972, 10,000 people staged a demonstration demanding civil rights in Delhi, London, Northern Ireland. The procession clashed with British troops maintaining order, and soldiers shot and killed 13 people and injured 13 others. This was "Bloody Sunday". The hatred of all parties intensified, and the London government decided to cancel the completely paralyzed Northern Ireland House, take the management power back to the central government in an all-round way, and set up a full-time Secretary-General for Northern Ireland to manage it.

　　　　　　　　Instead of killing IRA, the British government’s tough measures made it stronger and more morale. Young Catholics actively participated in IRA. They were financially supported by Irish immigrants from the United States, with better weapons and more professional means. Car bombs and plastic bombs were used, and shooting was more common, and the death toll soared.

　　　　　　　　For example, in July 1972 alone, there were nineteen explosions in Belfast. IRA has also extended its military activities originally limited to Northern Ireland to Britain and Europe, making people in Britain fearful. To give a few examples, in February 1972, the Aldershot bombing in Britain killed seven people. In September 1973, London’s King’s Cross and Euston railway stations were bombed, and 21 people were injured; In February 1974, a bus exploded on the expressway, killing 12 people; In June 1974, the British House of Representatives exploded, causing extensive damage to the House building and injuring eleven people. In October 1974, Guildford Bar exploded, killing five people and injuring 44 others. In November, 1974, the Birmingham Bar exploded, killing 21 people and injuring 182 others.

　　　　　　　　When people talk about the conflict in Northern Ireland, they always think that IRA is the culprit, but it is not entirely true. Royalists are not soft either. They have set up armed forces one after another, such as UDA(Ulster Defence Association) and UFF(Ulster Freedom Fighter), which were established in September 1971. They imported guns and ammunition from South Africa, attacked Catholic residential areas and bombed bars and public places where Catholics gathered, in the same way as IRA.

　　　　　　　　Therefore, the 30-year "Troubles" in Northern Ireland was a civil war between Republicans and royalists. The police and British troops tried to maintain peace in the war, and sometimes they went off accidentally, hurting innocent people. Republicans also accused the police of conspiring with British troops and royalists’ armed groups. Hatred is growing, society is more isolated, and the economy is paralyzed.

　 　 　 　 　In the "Troubles", about 3,600 people died and more than 50,000 people were injured. More than 2,000 of the dead were civilians, about 1,270 were Catholics and 730 were Protestants. Because IRA’s main targets are the police and the British army, the target is in the open, which is easier to fight. The targets of the royalist armed forces are mostly in the dark, and their revenge by force is mainly concentrated in Catholic residential areas and bars, so more Catholic civilians are hurt.
　 　 　 　 During the Northern Ireland conflict, the British government also tried many times to solve the problem by political means. For example, the Sanningdale Agreement reached with the three major parties in Northern Ireland in 1973, and the Anglo-Irish Agreement signed by Britain and the Republic of Ireland in 1985, the British government has always agreed to decentralize the power to manage Northern Ireland, so that the political parties in Northern Ireland can share the power to manage Northern Ireland. But the problem is that these agreements are selective and only allow those "legitimate parties" to participate, especially the political organization Sinn Fein of IRA is not included in the framework of negotiations, so they have not succeeded. In 1983, Gerry Adams was elected as the chairman of Sinn Fein, and he also hoped to solve the conflict politically. But for many royalists, it is totally inconceivable and unacceptable to negotiate with Sinn Fein.

Intensified: Prisoner hunger strike Margaret Thatcher tough

　　　　　　　　There is no improvement in political negotiations, and the violent actions of the Irish Republican Army and the royalist armed forces continue. On March 1, 1981, Bobby Sands, an IRA prisoner in Metz Prison in Belfast, began a hunger strike, demanding that the British government regard them as "political prisoners" rather than terrorists or ordinary murderers. During the hunger strike, many prisoners joined in stages. However, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s attitude was quite tough, and she flatly refused the hunger strikers’ demands. Thornton died after 66 days of hunger strike. The Iron Lady made no apologies in her speech in the House of Representatives. She said that if she made concessions to IRA prisoners, she would give them a license to slaughter innocent people. Seven months later, the prisoners stopped their hunger strike automatically, but more than a dozen IRA members had starved to death.

　　　　　　　　The British media regarded the cessation of the hunger strike as a victory for Thatcher’s government, but they didn’t know that her tough attitude attracted more explosions and shootings. Margaret Thatcher’s handling of the hunger strike was like the detention without trial in 1971 and the bloody Sunday in 1972. The more the government resorted to coercion, the more young people took part in IRA, the higher their morale, the fiercer the armed conflict and the more divided Northern Ireland. In July 1982, in Hyde Park and Ruijin Park in London, two bombs of IRA exploded at the celebration ceremony of the British army, killing four British soldiers, seven members of the military band and seven military horses. On October 12, 1984, the Brighton bombing was aimed at assassinating Mrs. Thatcher. Although the Iron Lady survived, five people died, including her two political allies. On November 8, 1987, the Enniskillen bombing killed eleven people and injured sixty-three. The bombing made IRA realize that they had gone too far, and Adams publicly condemned it for undermining the "legality of the use of force". Since then, the strategy of Republicans has changed.

　Turning point: beating all parties while talkingSecret talks　

　　　　　　　　On January 11th, 1988, John Hume, the chairman of the Social Democratic Labor Party (SDLP), who has always advocated autonomy but is relatively neutral, held a secret meeting with Adams for the first time to discuss the possibility of letting IRA cease fire.

　　　　　　　　The meeting was a turning point in the Northern Ireland conflict and provided an opportunity for future peace talks. In 1989, Adams announced that he wanted a "non-military political movement for self-government". A few months later, the Secretary-General of Northern Ireland admitted that Britain could not defeat IRA completely by force, and it was necessary to negotiate with Sinn Fein and other political means to resolve the conflict. Secret talks between various parties have come and gone, and the British government has also had a direct dialogue with IRA, which was brokered by the British Intelligence Agency. Moreover, the British government has made it clear that if most citizens in Northern Ireland agree to reunification with Ireland, the British government will respect citizens’ choices. In 1992, Irish Prime Minister Albert Reynolds, without knowing that the British government had secretly contacted IRA, also asked his senior officials to secretly contact Sinn Fein. The two governments reached the same goal by different routes and finally reached the same node. In April 1993, after many secret talks, Hume and Adams issued a joint statement: Irish citizens should have the right to decide where they belong. On December 15, 1993, Major and Irish Prime Minister Reynolds issued the Downing Street Statement, accepting the principle of self-determination in Northern Ireland, provided that all Irish citizens (including the south and the north) agree.

　　　　　　　　While talking and fighting, the violence never stopped. Let me cite two examples: in October 1993, IRA exploded in a fish shop on Shankill Road, a royalist gathering area, killing ten people. After that, the royalists retaliated by assassinating two Catholics. On October 30th, UFF killed eight people and injured 13 others at a Halloween party in the Greysteel bar in the Catholic community. Revenge for revenge, Northern Ireland is still full of blood.

Pusher: American intervention in Clinton’s visit to Northern Ireland

　 　 　 　In 1994, another major force became the driving force of peace in Northern Ireland, and that was the United States. Irish immigrants are powerful in the United States, and they have always funded the actions of the Irish Republican Army. Therefore, the attitude and participation of the United States are crucial. In January 1994, although London objected, US President Bill Clinton personally approved Adams’ visa to the United States. On August 31 of the same year, IRA declared "a comprehensive ceasefire and stopped some armed actions", and seven weeks later, the royalist armed forces also announced a ceasefire. Since 1988, the BBC has banned the images and voices of Sinn Fein and IRA members such as Adams. After the ceasefire was announced, the ban on TV broadcasting was also lifted. However, declaring a ceasefire does not mean disarmament. In the next few years, the total disarmament of IRA has been the biggest stumbling block to the peace process in Northern Ireland and the negotiations between the parties.

　　　　　　　　In May 1995, Sinn Fein and the British government met formally for the first time. In November of the same year, Clinton visited Northern Ireland and sent George Mitchell, a Democratic politician, as the special envoy for Northern Ireland to act as a middleman for the negotiations. Negotiations finally started, but in February 1996, IRA thought that the London government’s demand for their disarmament was not keeping its promise, so it announced the suspension of the ceasefire and exploded in London’s financial district. Although they gave a warning 90 minutes in advance, two people still died, resulting in a loss of 100 million pounds. This event ended the 17-month ceasefire agreement. In June of that year, IRA exploded in Manchester City, destroying a large area in the center of Manchester City. IRA bombings occurred one after another in Britain. Royalist parties once again reiterated the importance of disarmament before negotiations. Sinn Fein was driven out of the negotiating table, and several other political parties and the British and Irish governments continued peace talks. However, the talks were not smooth, and no agreement could be reached on some simple issues, such as whether Mitchell should be the chairman, so the talks were suspended.

Turning point: Blair took office to restart negotiations and sign an agreement

　　　　　　　　On May 1, 1997, the Labour Party won the general election and Blair became the British Prime Minister. Blair’s government made many concessions to Sinn Fein and IRA, re-established contact with Sinn Fein, and the negotiations started again. Not mentioning the comprehensive disarmament of IRA for the time being made the royalist party very dissatisfied and resisted. In July of the same year, IRA announced a ceasefire again. In October, Adams met with Blair for the first time, along with Mo Mowlam, Secretary General of Northern Ireland. In January 1998, Moran went to Metz prison where IRA prisoners died of hunger strike, and his attitude was completely opposite to that of Iron Lady. The New Labour Party knows that although prisoners from both sides are in prison, they are still quite influential in peace negotiations.

　　　　　　　　On April 10th, 1998, Easter Good Friday, the negotiations finally came to fruition, and the parties signed the famous Good Friday Agreement. There are five main points in the Agreement: First, the future and constitutional status of Northern Ireland will be decided by its citizens; Second, if the majority of citizens in the north and south want a unified Republic of Ireland, they can obey the majority opinion through elections; Third, Northern Ireland’s current constitutional status remains in the United Kingdom; Fourth, citizens in Northern Ireland have the right to define whether they are Irish, British or both. Fifth, the Republic of Ireland will give up its claim to the territory of Northern Ireland, and the demands of all citizens will be protected by the Constitution. The agreement agreed to establish a Northern Ireland House with decentralized power and shared management rights, and to reform the police, hoping (but not insisting) that both armed groups would disarm.

　　　　　　　　All families in Ireland received an agreement, and on May 22nd, Northern and Southern Ireland held a referendum on the agreement. Seventy-one percent of Northern Irish people supported the agreement, including all Republicans, and royalists supported and opposed it equally. In Ireland, 94% of the citizens voted for it. In the definition of history textbooks, this is also the end of "Troubles".

Stalemate: The conflict continues to disarm weapons such as toothpaste.

　　　　　　　　From 1998 to 2003, it was the stage of trying to implement the Good Friday Agreement. It is difficult to negotiate the agreement, and it is even more difficult to implement it.

　　　　　　　　Shortly after the signing of the agreement, some extreme IRA members who were dissatisfied with Sinn Fein separated and established the "Real IRA". Conflicts continue in the streets of Northern Ireland, and the "real Republican Army" continues to carry out explosive activities. For example, on August 15th, they detonated a bomb in the center of Omagh, killing 29 people and injuring hundreds. Adams publicly condemned the violence and called for it to become history. On September 3, Clinton visited Northern Ireland for the second time, hoping to advance the peace process. On September 10th, Adams met with David Trimble, the 12th president of UUP, which was the first formal meeting between Republicans and royalists in 75 years. At the same time, the British government also began to withdraw troops, reform the police, release prisoners, and remove isolated roadblocks and buildings.

　　　　　　　　In October of the same year, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Xiumo of SDLP and Trumbu of UPP for their contributions to the Irish peace process. Historically, this Nobel Prize was awarded too early, because the most important issue of disarmament has not yet reached an agreement with IRA, and it is difficult to negotiate the decentralization and sharing of the Northern Ireland government under the threat of a gun. The IRA’s disarmament was delayed again and again. One year after the signing of the agreement, there was still no progress in the formation of the government. The American special envoy Mitchell was once again invited back to mediate. In November 1999, the Irish Republican Army agreed to contact and talk with the Independent International Commission on Disarmament. On December 2, the Northern Ireland government was established, with Trumbu as the first minister of Northern Ireland and Martin McGuinness of Sinn Fein as the minister of education. The Northern Ireland government began to negotiate with London on the specific issues of decentralization.

　　　　　　　　Two months after the establishment of the Northern Ireland government, IRA has still not disarmed. In February 2000, the British government announced that it would temporarily stop the Northern Ireland government and put Northern Ireland under the direct management of the central government, hoping to put pressure on IRA. Sure enough, IRA agreed to let independent inspectors go to inspect weapons. At the end of May, the Northern Ireland government resumed its work, and then the British government had two 24-hour strategic suspensions for the Northern Ireland government. The armed actions of extremist IRA elements have not stopped, for example, they fired rocket-propelled stray bullets at the building of MI6 headquarters in London, and detonated car bombs at BBC TV Center in London.

　　　　　　　　In October, 2002, the British government stopped the Northern Ireland government again. First, there was no movement when IRA disarmed. Second, it was discovered that IRA spy network was monitoring the Irish Parliament. Later, this spy case failed to be established. More intricately, Denis Donaldson, a senior official in the spy network, turned out to be an undercover sent by British intelligence agencies and had worked for Britain for more than 20 years (who was assassinated in April, 2006). The revocation of the Irish government’s management license this time is not just to scare them like the previous ones. The British government is serious, and it was not until 2007 that the Northern Ireland government was restored.

　　　　　　　　During this period, the negotiations on decentralization and sharing went on and on, and IRA disarmed weapons in batches several times, but all of them were like squeezing toothpaste. The royalists asked for photos as evidence, and IRA refused to provide them. Moreover, armed conflicts on the streets of Northern Ireland also occur from time to time, and the estrangement and hatred between neighbors are still on the verge. In February, 2005, IRA announced that it would withdraw its promise of total disarmament. Seeing that the peace process was about to go backwards again, Adams publicly called on IRA to keep its promise. Although Sinn Fein always denied its relationship with the IRA, Adams was still listened to. In October, the inspector of the Independent Disarmament Commission announced that he was satisfied with IRA’s disarmament. At this time, IRA was completely renounced. The British government thinks this is a big step in the peace process, but the royalists remain skeptical because there is no photo evidence.

Epilogue: The anger and bitterness of co-governance are still there.

　　　　　　　　In April 2006, the British and Irish Prime Ministers went to Northern Ireland at the same time, and the negotiations on decentralization resumed; In May, the Northern Ireland government was started again, and on November 24th, the Transitional House was established. On March 7, 2007, citizens of Northern Ireland participated in the parliamentary general election and elected 108 members. The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) won 36 seats, and Sinn Fein came second with 28 seats. In May, DUP leader Ian Paisley and Adams shared the ruling power, and the Northern Ireland House officially worked. Although the Good Friday Agreement was signed in 1998, it will take nearly ten years for all factions to be disarmed, decentralization to be completed, and political parties that hate each other to jointly govern.
　 　 　 　Up to now, many people still think that Blair’s government has made too many concessions to Sinn Fein and the Irish Republican Army. In particular, it was recently revealed that 187 IRA members had received a secret letter from the Labor Party government, saying that they would be pardoned for their past actions, while the royalists’ armed members and the soldiers of Bloody Sunday never obtained similar "prison passes". It was this secret agreement between Blair and Adams that made John Downey, the main suspect in the Hyde Park bombing, walk out of court two weeks ago, and anger and resentment surfaced again.

　　　　　　　　After years of conflict and estrangement, how can we make old enemies live in harmony? Compared with Blair’s many small moves, Mandela’s "truth and reconciliation" comprehensive Amnesty is more far-sighted and tolerant.

　　　　　　　　

　　　　　　　　

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The first show of ROBO X, positioning intelligent electric supercar, and taking L4 automatic driving!

2025年8月19日 | admin | D4

Which one should I see for electric supercar? ROBO X, the most spectacular booth at Guangzhou Auto Show 2024, is a feast for the eyes! As the world’s first AI intelligent driving supercar, Extreme ROBO X ushered in the launch of the auto show, and the extreme version of 07 Passion and the extreme version of 01 Huan were exhibited on the same stage. The whole booth was full of future technology.

Extremely Yue ROBO X is known as the most beautiful model of Guangzhou Auto Show, positioning the world’s first AI intelligent driving supercar, adopting the minimalist design philosophy that less is more, and showing the proportion of supercar as a whole, inspired by fighters, such as the eagle wing door of the wing and the split two-piece large tail wing, which have both rounded lines and sharp posture, creating excellent aerodynamic performance.

In 2024, Extreme Yue ROBO X won the Red Dot Award and the German Design Award, and the original design strength of China became stronger and stronger.

Intelligence is also a very bright spot of Robo X. With the blessing of Baidu Apollo, it applied pure visual high-order intelligent driving technology for the first time to realize "track-level automatic driving", which is the first time in the world to project L4-level automatic driving technology capability on the track.

In terms of intelligent cockpit, the ultra-ROBO X is equipped with a large AI voice model, which can view information such as motor torque, chassis dynamics and thermal management by sending voice commands to SIMO.

In terms of power, the ultra-ROBO X is equipped with a high-performance drive system, with an acceleration of less than 1.9s and a maximum cruising range of more than 650km. In addition, the new car adopts integrated carbon fiber frame and 5052 high-strength aluminum alloy, giving consideration to lightweight and high safety.

Although the ROBO X has not been mass-produced, it can already be booked, and it is expected to be mass-produced in 2027.

Another new car on the booth is the 07 Passion version, with a price of 279,900 yuan and a limited edition of 88 cars.

Extreme Yue 07 Passion Edition is based on Extreme Yue 07, which has stronger dynamic performance. From the name, it can be seen that it is for passionate young people. Extreme Yue 07 Passion Edition is equipped with high-performance three-electric system, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited 100kWh power battery and CLTC cruising range of 770km. Under the support of dual motors and full-time four-wheel drive, the total power of electric drive is 400kW, the peak torque is 686N·m, and the acceleration is 3.7s s..

Chassis, Extreme Yue 07 Passion version adopts all-aluminum front double wishbone/rear H-Arm multi-link independent suspension, and extreme Yue self-developed iRTD real-time damping adjustable vibration reduction system, as well as Brembo four-piston high-performance sports calipers, which is comparable to millions of luxury cars in overall driving and control.

The ultra-yue 01 Huan new model upgrades the high-efficiency electric drive system and silicon carbide power module, and the CLTC pure electric cruising range is increased to 780km, and the fifth-generation U-shaped direction is also upgraded.

summary

As a brand jointly built by Baidu and Geely Holding Group, the company has cut into the market with the differentiation of "robot" model positioning, and gained many young fans with the leading position of intelligent driving and intelligent cockpit. ROBO X, which is now unveiled, is a landmark product, intelligent, electric and super-running. What do you think is the price of the production version? (Text | ｜DAN)

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Counting the 20 most expensive cars in the world, the first place is simply three sets of Tomson products!

2025年7月26日 | admin | A1

Disclaimer: The list only ranks the price of new cars. So we don’t count auction cars like Ferrari 250 GTO, or overpriced used cars. But don’t worry, there are hundreds of millions of cars here to satisfy your appetite.

Lamborghini Countach LPI 800-4 is a mid-engine hybrid sports car.

The car was unveiled on August 14, 2021. It is a replica of Countach launched 50 years ago. In terms of power, it is a hybrid powertrain based on Sián FKP 37.

Now Countach LPI 800-4 has been delivered, and it is also a series that you can’t come if you like, because its limited number of 112 units was sold out in less than a week.

If you have heard the name Gordon Murray, you must be a die-hard fan of McLaren, because he is the man behind McLaren F1 design.

Now, Mr. Murray has also jumped out to start a business, and the handsome T.50 is equivalent to the crown jewel of his company. At the same time, you can also see a lot of McLaren F1 shadows on this car, such as the most obvious three-seat layout.

T.50 costs $3 million. Its biggest selling point is that its naturally aspirated 4.0-liter V12 weighs only 392 pounds. It is the lightest V12 engine on the road today and can output 654 horsepower.

In September, 2020, aston martin released the Victor based on the One-77, which was designed by Kaize "Ken" Zheng, the designer of Aston Martin Lagunda, and was unveiled at Hampton Stadium in 2020.

It has an engine similar to the V12 of the One-77. After being modified by Coworth Company, it can now produce 836 bhp and 606 lb-ft of torque. Unlike the One-77, it has a manual gearbox, which makes it the most powerful Aston Martin equipped with a manual gearbox, and it also makes its price reach 3 million US dollars.

Koenigsegg Jesko is the fastest and most expensive car made by Koenigsegg so far. At the same time, the name Jesko is a tribute to Jesko von Koenigsegg, the father of the founder of the company.

This performance ghost, which sells for $3 million, burns E85 biofuel. Its twin-turbocharged 5.0-liter V8 engine can output 1,600 horsepower, and its top speed can reach 300 miles per hour.

A few years ago, it also landed on Top Gear in Hong Kong, and the title of the magazine was Sweden’s madness. You can imagine how crazy this car is.

This sports car is a track version jointly developed by aston martin and F1 Red Bull Racing Team, and because it can legally go on the road, it has won the title of the fastest street legal car in the world. As the first ultimate sports car in aston martin, Valkyrie produced only 150 cars.

Valkyrie Valkyria was originally code-named Nebula, which is an acronym for Neway, Red Bull and aston martin. However, the name AM-RB 001 was chosen as the original code name, because AM stands for aston martin and RB stands for Red Bull, and 001 may mean that it is the first production car that they cooperated with.

It was not until March 2017 that aston martin named this car Valkyrie after the Nordic mythical figures. According to Red Bull, the name was chosen to continue the tradition of naming aston martin cars as "V" and to define vehicles as high-performance cars.

With the endorsement of Neway God and F1 Red Bull Racing Team, this Valkyrie Valkyria was sold out before it even went on the market. But for how much it costs, aston martin has not officially released the pricing. It is estimated that the price of this super sports car may go to $3.25 million.

In terms of power, the car is equipped with a 6.5-liter naturally aspirated V12 engine customized by Coworth, which can generate about 1,000 horsepower at 10,500 rpm. This will make it the most powerful naturally aspirated engine ever installed on a production car.

This Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport, with a starting price of $3.6 million, is a special version of Chiron launched by Bugatti at the Geneva Motor Show, with a limited number of 60 vehicles worldwide. Compared with the ordinary version of Chiron, it improves aerodynamics, weight loss and power distribution.

In terms of power, after being equipped with the same 8.0-liter four-turbocharged W16 engine as the ordinary Chiron, it readjusted its gearbox, and now 80% of the gearbox has been modified to be closer to the gear ratio distribution of 15%, which has increased its speed red line by 200 revolutions. The red line has also increased to 6900 rpm.

At the same time, Pur Sport also has a more aerodynamic front panel and a larger tail.

Lykan HyperSport is the first self-designed limited-edition sports car in Lebanon, although its body, chassis and engine are all produced in Germany and assembled in Italy.

If you feel a little familiar with this car, please don’t doubt yourself. This is the car you saw flying down from Dubai Tower in Speed and furious 7.

One of the reasons why it is so expensive is that it used 420 15-carat diamonds to embed its titanium alloy LED headlights. There is also a twin-turbocharged 3.7-liter six-cylinder engine that can generate 780 horsepower and 960 Nm of torque under its hood.

Sián was released on September 3, 2019. The name Sián comes from Bologna, which means lightning. Although it was developed based on Daniel SVJ, it is the first hybrid production car produced by Lamborghini.

In addition to the 6.5-liter V12 engine from Daniel SVJ, Sian also uses a 48-volt light hybrid system. The total output is 819 horsepower, which makes it the most powerful Lamborghini ever.

Finally, just like the 63 stickers printed on both sides of Sian’s tail, Lamborghini will only produce 63 Sians, and finally its price per unit will be set at 3.7 million US dollars, which makes its price per unit much higher than that of Daniel SVJ.

Huayra Roadster BC was launched in July 2019 and is a convertible version of Huarya BC. It has the same aerodynamic package as BC, but it is equipped with a new 6.0-liter twin-turbocharged V12 engine, which provides this sports car with 50 more horsepower than Huarya BC.

In addition to the joy of hearing the wonderful engine sound without the roof, the owner who bought it should also be gratified by the limited number of 40 cars in the world. Because it is priced at $4 million each, it is an absolute wealth management product.

Lamborghini Veneno is a high-performance limited-edition sports car developed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Lamborghini. Lamborghini only manufactured 14 Veneno between 2014 and 2015. The cost of each car was about $4 million, making it one of the most expensive production cars in the world at that time.

In terms of power, Veneno installed a more powerful iterative version than Daniel’s 6.5-liter V12 engine, and now it can produce 740 horsepower and 609 Nm of torque, and the 100-kilometer acceleration performance has also increased to 2.9 seconds. To this day, it is also the most expensive Lamborghini ever.

Simply put, this car is a convertible version of the spicy method. Shortly after the debut of La Fa, Ferrari unveiled the Aperta model, a $4.5 million cool convertible with the same 950 HP hybrid V12 engine as the first edition of La Fa. The difference is that the limited edition of 200 sets was sold out immediately after it went on the market, while the spicy method was sold out for about 2 years.

Bugatti Bolide is a sports car focusing on track day, which was developed and manufactured by Bugatti Automobiles SAS and Bugatti Engineering GmbH in Wolfsburg. Bolide’s name comes from the word le bolide, which means "racing" in French.

The price of this 1824 horsepower supercar is as high as $4,713,600. At the same time, Bugatti also announced that Bolide will be the last car made with W16 engine. It has more power than Chiron Super Sport 300+, and its body is more extreme. And according to Bugatti, Bolide can run a lap of newberg Forest Circuit in 5 minutes and 23 seconds, which is only 4 seconds slower than the current record holder.

Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ is a special edition Chiron produced to celebrate Chiron who broke the speed record of 300 miles per hour some time ago. Compared with the standard Chiron, its changes include a more powerful engine, higher speed and a carbon fiber body with orange stripes.

The output of Super Sport 300+ is limited to 30 vehicles. Although it has the speed label of 300+ in its name, Bugatti also uses a speed limiter to limit its maximum speed to 277 mph. But without a limiter, Bugatti claims that the car’s top speed can exceed 483 kilometers per hour.

Bugatti Divo was named after the French racer Albert Divo, who once competed for Bugatti in 1920 and won Targa Florio twice.

Although it looks like the cheaper standard Chiron, Divo has many places to justify the extra money. For example, it is 77 pounds lighter than Chiron by adding lighter wheels and carbon fiber intercoolers.

Although the power has not changed compared with Chiron’s 1500 horsepower, Divo adopts different aerodynamic settings, which makes it 8 seconds faster on the Nardo test track. Bugatti is making 40 Bugatti Divo, each worth $5.8 million.

Finally, we saw the works of "Small Workshop" again, but this SP Automotive Chaos is not simple. It is the first Ultra Car in the world, with a horsepower of 3,065 horses. It only takes 1.55 seconds to break 100, and the top speed can reach 500 kilometers per hour! The key point is that its appearance has directly set new records in the world, and even the car has been defeated!

Finally, this Chaos, which was built by SP Automotive in Greece, was limited to 20 vehicles worldwide, and the price also went to 6.4 million US dollars.

Unlike the supercar at the top of the list, this Exelero, which was launched by Mercedes Maibakh in 2005, entered the list as a luxury coupe. The particularity of this car is that it has only one car in the world, and it was born because it was originally made by Goodyear’s German subsidiary Fulda to test tires.

Maibakh Exelero was sold for $8 million at that time. Supporting such an expensive price also meant that it had powerful performance, so it was equipped with a V12 twin-turbo engine under the hood, with a maximum horsepower of 690 horsepower and a top speed of 351.45 kilometers per hour.

According to Top Gear, this car was bought by rapper Birdman for $8 million in 2011.

Now, this car belongs to Mechatronik (a company specializing in the repair and sales of classic cars in Meiben). With inflation and the scarcity of only one car in the world, it is now estimated that its value has exceeded $10 million.

Two years ago, Bugatti launched a limited edition of 10 Centodieci at the Pebble Beach Auto Show, with a price of 9 million US dollars. This car is a tribute to Bugatti EB110 and also to celebrate the 110th anniversary of the birth of Bugatti brand.

The biggest feature of this car is its appearance. For example, this pony-hoofed radiator grille, which is very similar to EB110, and the flat headlights that extend to the sharp groove at the end of the hood are very sharp.

The rear of the car is composed of two unique in-line double-outlet tailpipes and horizontal dynamic taillights, which presents an impressive visual appearance.

Sweptail is the only limited-edition car in the world based on the Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupe, which took four years to build by hand, and the estimated price is 12.8 million US dollars. This was the most expensive new car in the world at that time, and it was not until 2019 that it was surpassed by the $18 million Bugatti La Voiture Noire.

Since it is a Rolls-Royce, the luxury of its interior is naturally full, and it uses high-grade wood and various glass ornaments.

At the same time, there is also a champagne cup/cup holder design that can automatically rise, which is completely made according to the standards of art.

This performance beast debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in 2019, which took a total of 65,000 working hours to build. In addition to lengthening the wheelbase, it also adopts a brand-new carbon fiber body and black high-gloss car paint.

In addition to the carbon fiber designed by Bugatti designer Etienne Salomé, this car has a slender nose and a slender rear similar to Bugatti Divo in appearance. Other notable features include unique rearview mirrors, LED taillights and wheels, and a "dorsal fin" similar to the Bugatti 57 SC that extends from the front of the car to the rear spoiler.

The power part is equipped with Chiron’s 8.0-liter four-turbocharged W16 engine, which provides a powerful output of up to 1,479 horsepower. Worst of all, this Bugatti La Voiture Noire has reached $18 million after tax, which is comparable to several luxury houses running on the road, and it is by no means a yi pin that ordinary people can play with.

Yes, at present, the most expensive new car in the world is the Rolls-Royce Boat Tail. The first owner of this car is a mysterious man from the United States and his wife. They customized this Rolls-Royce Boat Tail for $28 million, making it the most expensive car in the world. As the name suggests, the Boat Tail, which is about six meters long, is like a luxury yacht that can sail on land.

Of course, the reason why it is so aloof lies in its back. There is a butterfly wing shaped tail box cover that can be opened by pressing a button. At the same time, it is equipped with a special Hosting Suite protocol suite that took nine months to develop.

In this concierge suite, one side is equipped with two refrigerators and cup holders, while the other side can be placed with light snacks and a fan for preservation.

At the same time, a sunshade can be raised in the middle of the two tail box covers, and even two stools that are ordinary but luxurious can be taken out.

In terms of power, the car shares the chassis and engine with Rolls-Royce Phantom, but the difference is that it has 1813 extra customized parts, including five electronic control units on the back deck.

Of course, this is not just a super luxury car. Rolls-Royce said that the launch of Boat Tail represents the future direction of the entire luxury goods industry. It shows collectors the great new possibility of creating unique luxury amusement facilities, in which the body and interior are completely customized according to their personal specifications.

Well, that’s our complete list of the 20 most expensive cars in the world. Have you all guessed?

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