Among the exiled intellectuals in the 20th century, zygmunt bauman is undoubtedly a typical one. He was born into a Jewish family in Poznan, Poland in 1925 and died on January 9, 2017. In his 91-year-old life, he escaped the Nazi massacre, experienced the Soviet Union in Stalin’s era, participated in the war and fought against the Nazis, returned to Poland after the war, and was expelled during the socialist construction. During this period, he wanted to move to Israel or Australia, and finally settled down at the University of Leeds in England until his death.

Zygmunt Bauman

Bowman’s life has experienced many disasters in the 20th century, and the cruel reality we read through textbooks is exactly what he experienced. As he said in an interview with Al Jazeera before his death, "Young people like you have forgotten what totalitarianism is. You know it by reading textbooks, but you haven’t experienced it. I have experienced such a regime twice. "

In the face of Bowman’s life, there will inevitably be a romantic association, attributing his original ideas about the Holocaust, violence, ethics, socialism, modernity and post-modernity to his personal life story. Tester reminds us that Bowman’s life is of course very unique in detail, but from a more macro perspective, his experience is not unique. Bowman is like a "storyteller". Through the narration of his personal life story, he conveyed the ambiguous entanglement that "a generation" encountered in the 20th century, and personal narration became a structural fate. "People are placed in awkward situations out of their own will. The ambiguity of human situation bred by the contradictory but often self-defeating process of modernity, its sharp pain and its vivid vitality are fully displayed in this situation."

Exile is a common experience.

In Bowman’s view, the ambiguity of human situation is a common experience faced by all men and women, which is embodied in you and me as an exile mentality and a displacement experience. "Kolakowski" is a familiar aspiration in the 20th century. Bowman further pointed out that exile is not only held by intellectuals. In the modern state of existence, we are exiled from ourselves, others and even the environment, and everyone has become a rootless wanderer. Different from pre-modern homelessness, modern exiles have more choices.

Bowman distinguished two types of exile, one with the color of fatalism and the other with the color of vocation. The former is blind and casual, while the latter must always be cautious. The problem we have to face is how to turn the helpless fate into our duty and responsibility.

Bowman advocates making choices, accepting challenges, and experiencing mature "exile" in the process of transforming fate into vocation. Fate is a limitation, a boundary created by social structure, system and arrangement, and becoming a human means going beyond these boundaries. His task for sociology is to study these boundaries, explore how personal life stories are shaped and restricted by structural social factors, see through the boundaries set by experience, understand the familiarity of life from a novel and different perspective, and pay attention to the world that you and I really experience, rather than abstract people or humanity. Only in this way can we really take care of those who are suffering from ambiguous situations.

Zygmunt bauman: Fear of Flowing, Jiangsu People’s Publishing House, June 2012.

Bowman’s works describe the living conditions of such people, Jews in the Holocaust, intellectuals who changed from legislators to interpreters, strangers at home, immigrants, new poor people and abandoned lives, and even men and women in love. They all fell into a common fate because of displacement. Between freedom and security, between proximity and alienation, between love and hate, the ego also flows into a fragmented state.

Ordering and ambiguity

Modern society is trying to create a rational order, but individuals are gradually dissolving and fragmenting in the order. When individuals become more and more obsessed with the small world that creates themselves in the debris, it is easier for power to construct its own project according to its own will and create the rigidity of human society step by step. In Modernity and the Holocaust, Bowman’s analysis of the Holocaust is chilling. The Holocaust lies in the modern civilized society, which itself is the product of the latter. Without modern industrial technology and bureaucratic organizational structure, the Holocaust is unimaginable. It can even be said that "it started with a real rational concern and was created by a bureaucratic system that was faithful to its form and purpose."

Zygmunt bauman: Modernity and the Holocaust, Yilin Press, January 2002.

The "gardening project" in modern society is obsessed with order. In order to ensure the perfection of the garden, pests and weeds must be strictly distinguished and removed. The Nazi massacre of Jews is like the gardener’s attitude towards weeds. The rational spirit of science and technology and bureaucracy makes the cleaning of the Jewish nation an industrial assembly line, and finally completes the rational design of human beings. As a rational way of governance, the Holocaust means the elimination of ambiguity and possibility. Strangers must be isolated or exiled, and all possibilities are stifled by classified violence. Survival began to be influenced and maintained by design, manipulation, management and engineering, giving the world structure in a classified way. It assumes that all the unique and even unconnected entities in the world have a group of similar or similar entities to which they belong, and then connects them to control the randomness and probability of individuals by category, so that they can move towards a goal and an orderly world.

Zygmunt bauman: Modernity and Contradiction, Commercial Press, October 2013.

In Bowman’s view, the gardening project of order is undoubtedly a failure, and the classification has not reduced the existence of ambiguity. No matter how big and aggressive the efforts of order are, ambiguity will never disappear. It is the classification itself that creates more ambiguity, because there will always be entities that are not fully defined or over-defined, and insufficient or excessive meaning will create more confusing symbols, and further classification will be accompanied by further ambiguity.

It is at this point that Bowman saw the possibility of saving ambiguity from power and fought for it. "We must be as close as possible to the possibility of people who are still concealed so far, like real poets. So we need to break through those self-evident barriers. Within the barriers, the current ideological fashion prevails, and its significance is proved by its commonness itself. "

The Recovery and Creation of Possibility

In the struggle between order and ambiguity, Bowman believes that only ambiguity can guarantee the possibility of human beings, which makes him believe that sociology and literature have the same purpose. In fact, Bowman’s sociology benefited more from literature, and he himself said that writers had a far greater influence on him than sociologists. In his voluminous works, we see more names such as Kundera, Kafka, Georges Perec Muzil, Peric and Italo Calvino.

Borges: Garden with Crossing Paths, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, July 2015.

In an interview with him, tester asked, "If you were stranded on a desert island one day, which book would you choose to bring with you?" The answer given by Bowman is Borges’s Garden with Crossing Paths. In the process of reinterpreting the world that human beings can’t reach, these writers created an unimaginable world, full of meaning and possibility. They turned decay into magic and opened up infinite possibilities. Bowman hoped that his sociology, like these works, would point to infinite possibilities.

Sociology and literature face the same problem here in Bowman, that is, the rigidity of human society, or Lukacs’ "reification". They deal with the same problem: the major changes in the structure of social life brought about by economic development. Sociology and literature should discuss how to deal with these "changes" from the level of "heart-individual-object-society" and think about how to face the problem of "individual resolution" under the background of the emergence of an object world, or how to show how structural facts limit the possibility of human beings.

Milan Kundera

On the road of saving ambiguity and possibility, Bowman stood with Kundera, and in fact Kundera often appeared in Bowman’s works. Kundera described a kind of "fuzzy world" in The Art of Fiction, which is the world Don Quixote faced when he left home. "Cervantes made us understand the world as a kind of fuzzy, and people are not faced with an absolute truth, but with a bunch of opposite truths, so the only assurance is uncertain wisdom, which is also a great force."

The spirit of the novel is that it has no absolute single truth, and it creates an ambiguous world. It is precisely because of its ambiguity that it gives us the opportunity to regain the possibility from inevitability. For Kundera, "it is immoral not to find a part of the novel that has never been known in the past," while for Bowman, "it is unethical not to find the sociology of possibility."

Sociology resists alienation

Therefore, we can compare Baumann’s sociology with Kundera’s novels, face up to the modern technology, science and culture with the art of reflection and the maintenance of possibility, and resist the passion of order, neat division and tight discipline culture. By explaining the existing forms of social and cultural categories, we can break the myth that reality is self-evident, and then promote the transformation between forms, making seemingly self-evident things appear ambiguous. This is the reply and creation of possibility. It is not only the hope to restore the past, so as to make the hidden voice speak, but also the hope to find obstacles or help in the process of pursuing possibility in the future by examining the past, because "only by looking back can we understand life, but if we want to live well, we must look forward."

Sociology’s concern for possibility means not only recovery, but also creation. It is not retrospective, but focuses on the creation of possibilities. It is this part of the task that makes Bowman’s sociology strongly critical. Possibility means something that hasn’t happened yet, and its occurrence in the future is not based on factual data, but on transcending the boundaries of facts, and endowing it with human will in transcendence, rejecting the limitation of existence threshold.

Robert musil: A Man Without Personality, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, April 2015.

Bowman thinks that the image of human in traditional social science is mechanical, just a reactor of external stimuli, rather than a real actor. He quoted Muzil’s novel A Man without Personality, implying that such science and reason can’t grasp the essence of human beings. Science not only reflects the human situation, but also closes the possibility of human beings, thus creating a world without personality and a world without experience. Muzil hopes to save people in the process of forgetting through his novels, which is precisely the particularity of human beings that Bowman insists on constantly. It must be remembered that human beings are free and independent, and at the same time they are faced with ethical choices. If sociology wants to jump out of such a cognitive model, it must transform itself into a possible practice and become a form of practice. Only practice can restore human action and dignity.

Zygmunt Bauman

Such a sociological idea is quite idealistic. Levine believes that Bowman represents the humanistic tradition in sociology, and he insists on the difference between critical sociology and scientific sociology. The latter represents the rule of instrumental rationality, while the former liberates rationality in practice. Secondly, Baumann’s sociological concepts such as "flowing modernity" and "post-modernity" should be attributed to an artist’s sensitivity, more to delicate experience and explanation of the current human situation than to constructing his own theory. For him, any work that turns wisdom and inspiration into procedure is doubtful, and it will shrink our experience field. Sociology should reject such an empty abstraction and pay attention to real and concrete people. "Sociology should understand the human world by either giving strength to the powerless or allowing itself to remain powerless to understand its own existence."

　　"Hong Kong has no democracy under British colonial rule. The China government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and implemented ‘ One country, two systems ’ The policy has created a democratic system in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and supported its continuous development and improvement in practice. " A few days ago, the State Council issued a white paper entitled "Democratic Development in Hong Kong under" One Country, Two Systems ",which comprehensively reviewed the emergence and development of democracy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and further clarified the central government’s principled position on democratic development in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

　　On December 27th, the State Council Office held a briefing on the white paper "Democratic Development in Hong Kong under" One Country, Two Systems ".Three experts and scholars explained the contents of the white paper and answered questions from reporters.

　　"One country, two systems" is the fundamental guarantee for the democratic development of Hong Kong.

　　The white paper points out that "one country, two systems" is not only the best solution to the Hong Kong issue left over from history, but also the best system to maintain long-term prosperity and stability after Hong Kong’s return, and the fundamental guarantee for the democratic development of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

　　Wang Zhenmin, a professor at the Law School of Tsinghua University, director of the Hong Kong and Macao Research Center of Tsinghua University and vice president of the National Hong Kong and Macao Research Association, introduced that the white paper showed the real picture of Hong Kong’s democratic development in a panoramic way, organically connected many seemingly isolated historical events and stories, and clarified the historical latitude and longitude and the logical connection among them. The publication of the white paper is timely, significant and far-reaching.

　　The white paper clearly stated that "one country, two systems" provided a fundamental guarantee for the democratic development of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

　　"It clarifies the ‘ in the development of democracy in Hong Kong; One country ’ And ‘ Two systems ’ The relationship between ‘ One country ’ Yes ‘ Two systems ’ The premise and foundation of ‘ Two systems ’ Dependent and derived from ‘ One country ’ , and unified in ‘ One country ’ Within. " Han Dayuan, a professor at Renmin University of China Law School and a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law Committee in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), said.

　　"The socialist system implemented by the main body of the state and the capitalist system implemented by the special administrative region go hand in hand, but the primary and secondary relationship between them cannot be reversed." Han Dayuan emphasized that what kind of democratic system is implemented in Hong Kong is related to the relationship between the central authorities and the Special Administrative Region, and to the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong. According to the Constitution and the Basic Law, the central government has the leading power and decision-making power in the development of democracy in Hong Kong. Only under the leadership of the central government can democracy in Hong Kong develop healthily, stably and sustainably.

　　Explore the road of democratic development with Hong Kong characteristics

　　The white paper emphasizes that the constitutional status and actual situation of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region under "one country, two systems" determine that the basic attribute of its political system is a local political system. Therefore, its democratic system should not copy the model of any other place, and it must follow the principle of "one country, two systems" and the Basic Law, in line with Hong Kong’s political, economic, social, cultural and historical conditions, and explore a path of democratic development with Hong Kong characteristics.

　　"Hong Kong’s political system has the attributes of local political system, so ‘ One country, two systems ’ The next election in Hong Kong is a local election. " Han Dayuan pointed out.

　　Han Dayuan said that according to the Constitution and the Basic Law, the democracy practiced in Hong Kong is an integral part of People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s national democracy. At the same time, the state has specified the main contents, procedures and basic principles of the democratic system of the Special Administrative Region through the Basic Law. Of course, as a local democracy, Hong Kong can implement a democratic system with Hong Kong characteristics different from the mainland according to the legal provisions and the actual situation of Hong Kong.

　　The white paper points out that the emphasis on "patriots ruling Hong Kong" does not mean that dissidents or advocates are not allowed to exist, nor does it mean suppressing the voices criticizing the government.

　　Han Dayuan said, "Patriot ruling Hong Kong" is the fundamental principle to improve the electoral system and promote the democratic development of Hong Kong. The principle of "Patriot ruling Hong Kong" does not mean "uniform", but emphasizes that any Hong Kong resident can participate in elections and the future governance of Hong Kong according to law as long as he upholds the position of patriotism and love for Hong Kong and does not engage in activities that endanger national sovereignty, security, development interests and Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability.

　　Hong Kong SAR has bright prospects for democratic development.

　　The white paper points out that under "one country, two systems", the prospects for democratic development in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region are bright, and the road to democracy is bound to become wider and wider.

　　"People are determined to spend more energy and resources on developing the economy, improving people’s livelihood and creating a better life, so as to lay a solid economic and social foundation for Hong Kong’s democratic and healthy development." Wang Zhenmin said.

　　Zhi Zhenfeng, a researcher at the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and a researcher at the Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Research Center of the China Academy of Social Sciences, said that since the return to the motherland, Hong Kong’s business environment has been constantly improving, and it has always been at the leading level in the world. "One country, two systems" guarantees democracy and the rule of law in Hong Kong.

　　Zhi Zhenfeng suggested that Hong Kong’s education, journalism, literature and art, especially all walks of life that provide recreational products for young people, should take action to correctly understand the relationship between "one country, two systems" and democracy in Hong Kong, including young people, and to create positive, healthy and high-quality works for the sound development of democracy in Hong Kong.

　　People’s Daily (December 28, 2021, 02 edition)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Wuhan, December 30 (Reporter Tan Yuanbin) On the 29th, the reporter learned from the Hubei Provincial Office of National Defense Science and Technology and the 722nd Research Institute of CSIC that the magnetotelluric detector developed by the 722nd Research Institute of CSIC has recently passed the acceptance of an acceptance team composed of experts from Hubei Science and Technology Department, China Geo University (Wuhan), Institute of Seismology of China Earthquake Administration and other units.

　　According to reports, this project is a science and technology plan project of Hubei Province. Experts in the acceptance team believe that this project has developed high-performance magnetic sensors, high-stability low-noise receivers, low-power portable transmitters and other core components, and developed an engineering and practical magnetotelluric detector. The technical indicators all meet or exceed the requirements of the project task book, and at the same time, it has achieved market sales and achieved good economic benefits.

　　At the same time, the experts of the inspection team believe that this project has greatly shortened the technical gap between China and the international advanced magnetotelluric detection system, broken the market monopoly of foreign companies in China, increased the choice of domestic users, created a new opportunity for the industrial development of domestic magnetotelluric detection systems, and more importantly laid a good foundation for fundamentally changing the long-term dependence on imports.

　　The relevant person in charge of the 722nd Research Institute of CSIC said that the magnetotelluric detector that passed the acceptance this time can be widely used in geological exploration, energy exploration, deep-sea exploration and other fields, and has now entered the market.

　　Beijing, June 20 (Xinhua) The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that heavy rainfall will continue in the south of South China from the night of the 20th to the 21st, and the rain belt will rise northward from the 22nd. The hot weather in Huanghuai and other places in North China is expected to last until the 26th, with some areas reaching about 40 degrees Celsius. At 18: 00 on the 20th, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued blue rainstorm warning, orange high temperature warning, yellow strong convective weather warning and meteorological risk warning for floods in small and medium-sized rivers, and jointly issued meteorological risk warning for geological disasters with the Ministry of Natural Resources.

　　It is estimated that from the night of 20th to 21st, there will be heavy rains in central and northern South China and eastern Jiangnan, and there will be heavy rains locally, accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation. On the 22nd, the rain belt lifted northward, 22— On the 24th, there will be moderate to heavy rain in the eastern part of the northwest, the southern part of the northeast, Huanghuai, Jianghuai and the northern part of the south of the Yangtze River, and there will be heavy rain in the local area, accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation and thunderstorms. 26— On the 29th, there will be another obvious rainfall process in the eastern part of Northwest China, southern part of North China, southern part of Northeast China, Huanghuai, Jianghuai, western Jiangnan and eastern part of Southwest China.

　　Affected by persistent heavy rainfall, the No.4 flood occurred in Xijiang River in 2022 and the No.2 flood occurred in Beijiang River in 2022, which developed into a basin flood again. It is predicted that the water level of Xijiang River may continue to rise and maintain high water level for a long time, and there may be a big flood in Beijiang River. The Pearl River Defense General launched a flood control level II emergency response at 12: 00 on the 20th.

　　On the 20th, the National Defense Office and the Emergency Management Department continued to hold a video consultation and dispatch on flood control topics, and discussed and judged with the China Meteorological Bureau, the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Natural Resources. The video was connected with the defense offices in Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Guizhou to analyze and judge the current flood situation and development trend, and further dispatch and deploy flood control and disaster relief work in the middle and lower reaches of the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. At present, the National Defense General continues to maintain a three-level emergency response to flood control, and has sent three working groups and expert groups to assist local flood control and disaster relief work in Guangdong, Guangxi and Jiangxi.

　　The Ministry of Water Resources maintains the level III emergency response of flood and drought disaster prevention in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and the level IV emergency response in Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. There are six working groups and expert groups in Guangdong and Guangxi to guide flood prevention. The Pearl River Water Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources further dispatches the reservoirs in the Pearl River Basin, and makes every effort to reduce the flood control pressure in the lower reaches of the Xijiang River and the Beijiang River and the Pearl River Delta.

　　The Guangxi Meteorological Observatory continued to issue an orange rainstorm warning at 9: 00 on the 20th, and the Class II emergency response of major meteorological disasters (rainstorms) continued to take effect. The Grain and Material Reserve Bureau of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region urgently received and dispatched 50,000 pieces of central disaster relief reserve materials, and arranged 4 transport vehicles on the evening of 18th to dispatch 630 tents to Wuzhou City and Guigang City overnight. On the 19th, Guangxi Disaster Relief Materials Reserve Center put in 30 transport vehicles and urgently dispatched 13,000 disaster relief materials to Liuzhou, Guilin, Wuzhou, Guigang, Yulin, Hezhou, Hechi and Laibin.

　　Jiangxi Hydrological Monitoring Center upgraded and issued a red warning of flood at 11: 00 on the 20th: It is estimated that the Poyang Lake area will continue to rise in the next four days, and there may be a flood of about 0.4 meters exceeding the warning. Jiangxi Provincial Defense Office issued flood control duty information, requiring all localities to do a good job in ensuring the safety of wading people under the current high water level of rivers and lakes. Jiangxi Provincial Defense Index sent two working groups to Shangrao City and Jingdezhen City to help guide the prevention and response of heavy rainfall.

　　Hunan Provincial Department of Natural Resources and Hunan Meteorological Bureau jointly issued the meteorological risk warning of geological disasters in Hunan Province on the 20th: It is estimated that from 20: 00 on the 20th to 20: 00 on the 21st, due to the influence of rainfall, the risk of sudden geological disasters in some areas of southern Hunan and western Hunan is high (yellow warning). The Hunan Provincial Meteorological Bureau predicts that from 20th to 21st, the south pressure of heavy rainfall in Hunan will weaken, and on 22nd, it will be dominated by showers.

　　(Comprehensive reports by our reporters Li Hongmei, Qiu Chaoyu, Wang Hao, Pang Geping, Zheng Yi, Yang Yanfei, Zhou Huan and Wang Yunna)

7. Promote the integration of five aspects.

(1) Promote the integration of management mechanisms. "Integration of the two networks" is first of all the integration of management mechanisms. According to the actual situation, the functions of relevant management departments can be integrated to form a new competent department to coordinate and manage the whole industrial chain of domestic waste, such as Beijing Dacheng Management. You can also adopt the government joint meeting (or leading group) mechanism to establish a government joint meeting system (or leading group) led by the commercial administrative department and the urban management administrative department, with the participation of relevant departments, so as to promote the integration of management mechanisms and formulate plans and policy initiatives in a unified manner.

(2) Promote personnel integration. The commerce department and the urban management department fully co-ordinate and set up a system of "one post and two jobs", encouraging sanitation and cleaning workers to take part-time jobs in the classification and recycling of recyclable garbage (or recycling personnel take part-time jobs in sanitation and cleaning), and be responsible for the daily work of waste recycling, garbage sorting, ledger recording, classification and statistics in the community. Recycling enterprises shall receive waste products collected by sanitation and cleaning workers according to market conditions. The recycling behavior of sanitation and cleaning workers with one post and two posts shall be standardized according to the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Commerce for the construction of renewable resources recycling system.

(3) Promote logistics integration. According to the actual situation, all localities can promote the integration of two transportation resources, namely sanitation removal and recycling logistics, use sanitation removal vehicles to transport recyclable materials, adjust and optimize sanitation removal routes as much as possible, and share them with renewable resources logistics lines. Or adopt a market-oriented way, entrust a professional company to transport the recyclables from waste recycling trading stations, sorting points and transfer stations to the district-level renewable resources comprehensive utilization center.

(4) Promote the sharing of venues and facilities. The setting of recycling sites around the country should be connected with the classified collection points of domestic garbage or sanitation garbage houses. Where there are conditions to adjust and expand the space layout of garbage bins, garbage compression stations, transfer stations and other venues and facilities in the sanitation system, they should be adjusted and rebuilt, and recyclable recycling, sorting, primary processing stations or renewable resource transfer stations should be set up to achieve "one dual-use" and be operated by renewable resource operators, bringing sanitation and cleaning personnel into the unified management of resource recycling grassroots outlets to realize the function of superimposed recycling services. Where conditions permit, recycling enterprises and sanitation enterprises should cooperate, make unified planning of recyclable waste sorting centers, and concentrate on sorting recyclable waste, saving land and improving efficiency.

(5) Promote platform integration. Resource recovery data should be shared with sanitation classification data. Encourage the establishment of an information platform based on the Internet, the Internet of Things and cloud computing, which integrates waste intelligent classification and resource recovery, and integrates data and information collection in the whole process of source classification, resource recovery, sanitation removal, processing and utilization, and terminal processing to form big data analysis of the whole waste industry chain, providing data support for government decision-making.

8. Key points of classified delivery and classified collection

(1) Strengthen publicity and create a social atmosphere. Relevant departments and units, such as commerce, urban management, environmental protection, streets (towns), communities, real estate and operating entities, should co-ordinate and cooperate, adopt various ways and channels, strengthen the publicity of garbage classification and resource recovery, promote classified recycling into communities, schools, institutions, shopping malls and parks, raise citizens’ awareness of resource recovery and garbage classification, give play to the guiding role of public opinion, and create a good society for garbage classification and resource recovery.

(2) Source classification starts from the family. Family is the producer of domestic waste, and also the first responsible person for domestic waste classification. Therefore, the source classification of garbage should start from the family. According to the actual situation, the operator can distribute three kinds of garbage bags with different labels to the community residents (namely, kitchen waste garbage bags, recyclable garbage bags and non-recyclable garbage bags), and require residents to put the three kinds of garbage into the corresponding garbage bags at home. Harmful waste is small in quantity and low in frequency, so residents can package it separately. According to the actual situation, all localities can formulate compulsory or punitive measures for the classification of household waste.

(3) Setting of garbage collection containers. Four kinds of collection containers, including recyclable garbage, kitchen waste, non-recyclable garbage and harmful waste, are set up in residential quarters. Among them, the harmful waste collection container must have eye-catching signs, and temporary storage places should be set up in accordance with the requirements of pollution control standards for hazardous waste storage; Institutions, enterprises and institutions set up recyclable garbage, non-recyclable garbage and harmful waste three kinds of collection containers, and the unit canteen set up kitchen waste collection containers; Public, entertainment, business and other places set up recyclable garbage and non-recyclable garbage collection containers. Individuals and units put different kinds of domestic garbage into corresponding garbage collection containers respectively. Recyclable garbage, kitchen waste and non-recyclable garbage are produced daily. The amount of harmful waste is small, and the operator can determine the frequency of fixed-point collection according to the actual situation. In areas where conditions permit, we can explore canceling fixed garbage bins in residential areas, adopting the methods of regular classified delivery and classified collection, and gradually cultivate residents’ good habit of regular classified delivery of garbage.

(4) Establish incentive mechanism for classified delivery. Encourage operators to adopt intelligent waste sorting system, establish similar systems of "green account", "environmental protection file", "green bank" and point exchange through tracing the source of waste delivery and data collection, and integrate or unite commercial facilities such as community supermarkets and shopping malls to form supporting services, and provide economic incentives such as cashing points for residents’ classified delivery behavior, so as to mobilize residents’ enthusiasm for waste sorting, increase residents’ sense of honor in correct classification, and provide big data support for the government to build smart cities.

(5) Laying community waste sales sites. The setting of recycling sites should fully take care of residents’ habit of throwing garbage, that is, low-value garbage is put into garbage containers, and high-value waste is sold at recycling sites. Therefore, all localities should set up at least one waste (renewable resources) selling site in each community according to the principle of relative stability and convenience, and should be included in the overall planning of regional urban construction and management, and the district government, streets and property management companies should support it. The area of the waste sales site is 5-10 square meters, and it is set according to the construction standard of the recycling system of the Ministry of Commerce. In communities where there is no space to set up waste sales sites, operators should set up standardized mobile recycling vehicles to facilitate residents to sell high-value waste products, and streets, communities and property companies should support them.

(6) Build a "internet plus Recycling" platform. With the development of internet technology and the popularity of smart phones, it will become more and more common to sell waste products online. In addition to laying offline recycling outlets, operators should also build a "internet plus recycling" platform, establish a mobile APP terminal, and rely on the advantages of offline outlets to form an online call-in, trading, and offline quick door-to-door service acquisition system.

(7) Collect scavengers and establish a regular recycling team. Encourage operators to collect and integrate scavengers in the region, and establish a standardized and standardized recycling team with "five unifications" and "five openness" in accordance with the norms of the Ministry of Commerce for recycling system construction. Streets, communities and property companies should give strong support. For sanitation and cleaning workers with "one post and two posts", the operating entities should also carry out standardized management according to the requirements of the Ministry of Commerce for the construction of recycling teams.

(8) forming a standardized recycling network. The recycling network of operators should enter communities, enterprises, schools and institutions. A complete, advanced and standardized recycling network of renewable resources should be established through laying offline recycling outlets and building online recycling platforms, integrating sanitation and cleaning personnel and scavengers, improving the layout of renewable resources transfer stations, and cleaning up and banning illegal sites that occupy roads illegally, build illegally and do not meet the requirements of environmental sanitation.

9. Key points of classified transportation work

(1) Transportation route planning. According to the amount and distribution of garbage, all localities have scientifically planned and designed facilities and transportation lines for classified recovery, compression and transfer of domestic garbage according to local conditions, and gradually promoted the construction of large-scale multi-functional domestic garbage compression and transfer stations.

(2) Classified transportation of domestic waste. It is forbidden to transport the classified domestic garbage in a mixed way. Recyclable garbage is transported by renewable resource transport vehicles and enters the resource recycling system; The kitchen waste is transported by a special vehicle with good leakproofness and leakproofness, and enters the biological anaerobic fermentation center; Transportation in harmful waste shall comply with the relevant regulations of the environmental protection department. Encourage the integration of recycling subjects and sanitation systems, and implement the whole process of garbage classification, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal.

(3) Large garbage recycling transfer station. Conditional areas and operating entities shall set up recycling transfer stations for large-scale garbage for centralized, temporary storage and sorting.

10, classification processing work points

(1) classified processing. Recyclable garbage is processed and utilized by renewable resource enterprises; The kitchen waste is processed and utilized by the biological anaerobic center; The kitchen waste shall be treated biochemically by the service unit that has obtained the business license for the disposal of kitchen waste; Non-recyclable garbage is used for energy utilization by means of incineration power generation and sanitary landfill, so as to minimize the amount of primary garbage landfill; Harmful waste should deliver enterprises with hazardous waste disposal qualification and hazardous waste business license for harmless disposal.

(2) Renewable resource sorting center. Each district (or small city, county) should build at least one sorting center for renewable resources, and allocate necessary facilities and equipment according to the requirements of urban management, environmental protection and fire safety, so as to meet the requirements of weighing, sorting, sorting, sorting, dismantling, packaging, temporary storage and primary processing after centralized recycling of renewable resources. Recyclable garbage sorted by various communities is concentrated in the sorting center for sorting, sorting, packaging and primary processing, which is convenient for docking with the comprehensive utilization chain.

(3) Layout low-value recyclables processing and utilization chain. Encourage operators to obtain the support of local government according to local resources and their own conditions, adopt PPP method to lay out the processing and utilization chain of low-value recyclable garbage, and establish resource processing and utilization centers such as waste glass, waste textiles, waste plastic bags, waste soft packaging, waste furniture and kitchen waste to ensure that the resources classified at the front end have a place to go and can be used.

(4) Establish a comprehensive utilization base for cooperative treatment of domestic waste. Encourage qualified operators, obtain the support of local government, explore the establishment of a comprehensive utilization system for domestic waste collaborative treatment, make overall planning and construction of a comprehensive base for collaborative treatment of waste incineration, sanitary landfill, kitchen waste resource utilization, renewable resource processing and utilization, and harmful waste harmless disposal, implement the co-construction and sharing of infrastructure such as fire protection, safety and environmental protection in the base, and allocate relevant facilities in a clean, intensive, integrated and efficient manner to realize waste treatment, resource utilization and hazardous waste disposal.

11, vigorously explore the support measures.

(1) Establish a policy guarantee mechanism for low-value garbage. It is necessary to explore financial support policies for low-value recyclables, subsidize low-value recyclables with special funds, and form a long-term operation mechanism for low-value garbage recycling. According to the actual situation, all localities should calculate the special subsidy standard, which can be reversed according to the garbage disposal fee and clearing freight, or calculated according to the recycling, storage, transportation and treatment cost of low-value garbage.

(2) Explore the extended producer responsibility system. It is necessary to study and explore the introduction of extended producer responsibility system for different kinds of low-value recyclables, so as to promote the recycling of low-value garbage such as express packages and tetra pak. At the same time, where conditions permit, we can explore the charging system for domestic garbage, and whoever produces garbage will pay for it.

(3) Construction of relevant laws, regulations and standards. All localities should speed up the exploration of the legal requirements for compulsory garbage classification, establish a relevant standard system for domestic garbage classification, refine garbage categories, and clearly identify signs. Conditional cities will first introduce laws and regulations on compulsory classification of local domestic waste, formulate incentives and penalties for compulsory classification, and issue a catalogue for guiding the classification of domestic waste.

(4) Explore the ways of government purchasing services. All localities should vigorously explore the mode of government purchasing services (PPP mode), incite market forces, and guide all sectors of society to carry out classified recycling of domestic waste. Guangzhou’s experience has proved that PPP mode is a feasible mode to mobilize market forces to participate in the reduction and recycling of domestic waste.