The system of preventing juvenile delinquency in some countries and regions

America, Germany and Britain: Community Intervention in Juvenile Delinquency

Community intervention rose in developed countries in Europe and America. Take the United States as an example. In the last century,80 In the mid-1990 s, many cities in the United States launched corresponding crime prevention plans. In order to effectively prevent juvenile delinquency in urban communities, the US Congress has also promulgated a series of relevant laws and regulations. This kind of laws and regulations not only involve "increasing the police force in urban communities and establishing24 In addition to the "regulations on the safety protection of juvenile schools" and "regulations on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in communities", the hourly patrol system also covers regulations such as sending excellent teachers to troubled teenagers in the community, holding special education and training courses for mothers of troubled teenagers, controlling the excessive spread of violent information by the media, and restricting the use of guns. Since then, each state has successively promulgated corresponding laws to implement community intervention from the perspective of protecting teenagers and preventing juvenile delinquency. At the same time, many residents actively participate in the community intervention plan, and improve the community environment by establishing neighborhood police joint defense teams, street security teams and other organizations, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing juvenile delinquency.

In Germany, community intervention is mainly handled by some experts in the juvenile service department of the police, judicial department and juvenile court proceedings, including600 A number of youth offices are located in various communities. Various communities provide special assistance measures for teenagers who are in trouble and have behavior problems. With the development of industrialization and urbanization in Germany, the phenomenon of immigration has become more and more prominent, and the problem of juvenile delinquency has become increasingly serious. In this environment, the responsibility of preventing juvenile delinquency is quickly transferred to special institutions and professionals. At the local level, some non-governmental organizations and institutions like youth offices have taken on specific responsibilities.

The community prevention of juvenile delinquency in Britain started earlier and has a relatively complete system model. There are different forms in the existing community juvenile delinquency prevention system, and its content and mode are mainly three aspects: situation, behavior and system. The British Home Office plays an important role in organizing and leading situational preventive measures.1991 In, the executive meeting of crime prevention of the Ministry of the Interior launched the activity of "making the community safer", which included restraining the causes of illegal crimes and reducing criminal opportunities. Behavioral preventive measures include strengthening community environmental management, standardizing the environmental design of buildings, and installing closed-circuit television monitoring systems. In terms of systematic preventive measures, it is mainly the British Safe City Plan and the comprehensive youth management work of Volvo Haimu Barton.

Japan: the system of petty crime punishment

In foreign countries, the petty crime punishment system has been widely used in juvenile delinquency cases. For example, in Japan, according to Japan’s criminal investigation norms, the investigation events with extremely minor criminal facts and which the prosecutor has designated in advance as unnecessary to be transferred may not be transferred. There are three main types of cases in which petty crimes are applied in Japan: first, theft cases in which the amount is very small and the circumstances are minor, and the victim voluntarily returns the property after committing the crime, and the victim refuses to prosecute; Second, gambling cases with minor circumstances; Third, other types of cases specially designated by the attorney general. When the police decide to terminate the investigation, they should severely admonish the suspect, and ask his guardian, employer or other supervisor to pay attention to the necessary matters in future custody, and ask him to make a letter of guarantee. In order to protect the interests of the victims, the police should also order the suspects to compensate the victims, apologize or take other remedial measures.

Taiwan Province: educational prevention and control system

In the past two or three decades, the rapid transformation of Taiwan Province from a traditional agricultural society to a modern industrial and commercial society has not only sharply increased the number of juvenile crimes, but also spread the types of crimes more widely, from early theft to various types of social crimes.

In view of this trend, while strengthening other prevention and control measures, Taiwan Province highlights the role of education in preventing and controlling juvenile delinquency. The plan for preventing juvenile delinquency in Taiwan Province clearly stipulates that parents must receive parental education and guidance, strengthen family education for underage children, advocate underage children and young people to live and live with their parents and grandparents, and promote traditional filial piety education; In the aspect of school education, the traditional Confucian moral education is emphasized, and at the same time, the "campus anti-triad" campaign is carried out to eliminate the underworld forces infiltrating into the campus.

At the same time, make overall use of social resources such as families and schools to formulate and implement a "six-year counseling plan", including the problem family counseling plan, the rough jade project and the sunrise plan. The problem family counseling program mainly starts from family conflicts and family problems to help solve problems and contradictions and improve the physical and mental health of teenagers; The Jade Project mainly aims at the phenomenon of students dropping out of school, and cultivates their positive and pioneering spirit by guiding teenagers to establish a correct outlook on life. Chaoyang plan mainly strengthens students’ self-confidence and ability in life through the protection and control of students with deviant behaviors. (Our reporter Liang Guodong finishing)