The article was transferred from WeChat WeChat official account’s "Semiconductor Industry Watch" (ID: ICBank)

First, let’s take a look.Classification of chips:

Pictures fromWechat WeChat official account "semiconductor industry observation"

In daily life, we can find the types of chips, such as communication chips, artificial intelligence chips, LED chips, computer chips and so on.

Industrial chain of chipsHere’s the thing:

According to the industrial chain division, the core link of the chip from design to factory mainly includes six parts:

(1) Design softwareChip design software is a key tool for chip companies to design chip structures. At present, the structural design of chips mainly depends on EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software.

(2) instruction set systemFrom a technical point of view, the CPU is only a high collection of millions of small switches, without an efficient instruction set system, the chip can not run the operating system and software;

(3) Chip design, mainly connected to the interface of electronic products and services;

(4) Manufacturing equipment, that is, the equipment for producing chips;

(5) Round crystal OEMThe wafer foundry is the production workshop of chips from drawings to products, which determines the performance indexes such as nano-technology adopted by chips;

(6) Packaging test, which is the last link before the chip is sold, is mainly aimed at ensuring the quality of the product and has relatively low technical requirements.

Overall, inIn most industries such as instruction set and design, the status of China chip industry is very weak.There is a big gap between China and European and American chip industry enterprises. However, in the sectors with relatively low technical requirements, such as wafer foundry, packaging and testing, is expected to take the lead in rising and become a field that is expected to catch up with the world average.

Domestic chip industry chain and main manufacturers;

Image from: Southwest Securities Research Report

What are the leading players in each subdivision of the chip??

The leading memory chip design in China is Zhaoyi innovation;

The domestic GPU leader is Jing Jiawei;

Yangjie technology is the leader of semiconductor discrete devices in China;

SMIC is the leader of wafer foundry in mainland China;

Sanan Optoelectronics is the global leader in LED chips;

Silanwei is a domestic IDM quality enterprise;

North Huachuang is the leader of domestic semiconductor equipment;

Zhichun Technology is the only A-share high-purity process system integration supplier;

Jingrui Co., Ltd. is a leading enterprise in microelectronics chemicals in China;

Zhongke Shuguang is a leading enterprise in high performance computing in China;

Ziguang Guoxin is a listed company in the semiconductor industry under Ziguang Group, and is currently the leading supplier of integrated circuit chip design and system integration solutions in China.

Beijing Jun is the leading enterprise of embedded processor chips;

Zhongying electronics is a domestic high-quality IC design company;

Huiding Technology is a global leader in biometric chips;

Changdian technology is a domestic semiconductor packaging and testing leader;

In addition to the above leading sub-sectors worthy of further study, we can also pay attention to the investment targets of the National Integrated Circuit Industry Fund (referred to as the "Big Fund") in recent years. Please add WeChat WeChat official account: robotinfo Ma Yun is paying attention.

Everbright Securities summarized the investment targets of "big funds". As of January 19, 2018, big funds have become shareholders of more than 50 companies, involving 18 A-share companies and 3 Hong Kong stock companies. At present, the stock market value of big funds exceeds 20 billion yuan.

Here are some good A-share chip companies.

Zhaoyi innovation: domestic storage faucet

As a domestic storage leader, Zhaoyi Innovation ranks among the top three in the global Nor flash market, and with the withdrawal of Japanese and American companies, its market share continues to increase; The storage price keeps rising, and the company’s profitability is bright.

The company builds IDM storage industry chain. In October 2017, the company and Hefei Industrial Investment Holdings (Group) Co., Ltd. signed a cooperation agreement on memory research and development, and jointly carried out the research and development project of 12-inch wafer memory (including DRAM, etc.) with a process of 19nm memory, namely Hefei Changxin. At present, the research and development is progressing smoothly.

Jiangfeng Electronics: Domestic Target Tap

Ultra-high purity metal and sputtering target are one of the key materials in the production of VLSI. The company’s ultra-high purity metal sputtering target products have been applied to the cutting-edge manufacturing technology of world-renowned semiconductor manufacturers, achieving mass supply at the 16-nanometer technology node, successfully breaking the monopoly pattern of multinational companies in the United States and Japan, and also meeting the mass production demand of domestic manufacturers at the 28-nanometer technology node, filling the gap in China’s electronic materials industry.

The company cooperated with Garber in the CMP project in the United States, and won the first order for domestic CMP polishing pads in November 2017.

North Huachuang: the leader of domestic equipment

As the equipment leader, North Huachuang has benefited deeply from the current wave of wafer factory expansion. The company’s business covers integrated circuits, LEDs, photovoltaics and other fields, and many equipments have entered the 14-nanometer process.

The company’s product line covers seven core categories such as etcher, PVD, CVD, oxidation furnace, cleaning machine, diffusion furnace and MFC, and its downstream customers are mainly domestic first-tier fabs such as SMIC, Changjiang Storage and Huali Microelectronics.

Ziguang Guoxin: storage design+FPGA

The company is a leading memory chip design company in China. The layout of the company includes the acquisition of 51% equity of Xi ‘an Huaxin held by Shandong Huaxin, and the total shareholding has increased to 76%, achieving the goal of becoming the first echelon of domestic memory design. At present, the company’s newly developed DDR4 products are being verified and optimized. Recently, the company started to make efforts on FPGA.

Gaode infrared: infrared chip faucet

As the only manufacturer in China who has mastered the second-class superlattice focal plane detector technology, Gaode Infrared has successfully developed engineering products, which means that new breakthroughs have been achieved in blank areas such as photoelectric "anti-missile" and "anti-satellite". At the same time, the popularization and application of mass and low-cost core devices in the civil field has also established the competitive position of infrared chips made in China in the domestic and even international infrared industry.

SSE Information learned that in 2017, the company’s military orders were partially postponed due to the military reform, and the latest news is that the postponed orders will be resumed without affecting the new procurement plan for 2018.

Huatai Securities believes that vertical division of labor has become the development direction of the business model of the semiconductor industry. It is mainly composed of the following three parts: design, manufacture and sealing test. Revenue accounts for about 27%, 51% and 22% of the total sales revenue of the industrial chain respectively.

Chip design company

The top ten in China are Huawei Hisilicon, thunis Zhanrui, ZTE Microelectronics, Huada Semiconductor, Zhixin Microelectronics, Huiding Technology, Silanwei, Datang Semiconductor, Duntai Technology and Zhongxing Microelectronics.

Important companies:

First place: Haisi

There are a lot of HiSilicon processors and HiSilicon baseband chips in the Huawei mobile phones you use, and HiSilicon chips are also available in the smart TV and security system you bought. HiSilicon will be the largest chip design company in China for a long time, and will rise with the growth of Huawei Group in the future. Qualcomm, the world’s number one, earned $15.4 billion in 2016, 3.5 times that of Haisi.

Second place: Ziguang Zhanrui

Spreadtrum, founded after the merger of Rideco, is currently the largest supplier of Samsung mobile phone processors and baseband chips except its own products. The Samsung mobile phones you bought are mainly low-end series, and the chips inside are Ziguang Zhanrui.

Third place: ZTE Microelectronics

Mainly some chips used in our own communication equipment, and mobile phone chips are still purchased.

Fourth place: Huada Semiconductor

China Electronics and Information Industry Group Co., Ltd. (CEC) is a group company formed by integrating its integrated circuit enterprises. It has a large share in smart cards and security chips, smart card applications, analog circuits, new displays and other fields. At present, Huada Semiconductor has three listed companies, including A-share Shanghai Belling and Hong Kong stock company CLP Holdings and Jingmen Technology.

Fifth place: Zhixin Microelectronics

It is a wholly-owned subsidiary of State Grid Information Industry Group, covering three business directions: chip sensing, communication control and energy saving, and is committed to becoming a provider of high-end products, technologies, services and overall solutions with smart chips as the core.

Sixth place: Huiding Technology

Is a listed company, the company has achieved the second place in the field of fingerprint identification chips in the world, second only to AuthenTec, which provides fingerprint identification chips for Apple.

Seventh place: Silan Microelectronics

LED lighting driving IC is one of its main business income, and it also provides variable frequency motor control chips for home appliance enterprises.

Eighth place: Datang Semiconductor

Industrial layout with smart terminal chips, smart security chips and automotive electronic chips as the core.

Ninth place: Duntai Technology

Founded in the United States in 2005, it is committed to the research and development of man-machine interface solutions, providing the most competitive capacitive screen touch chip, TFT LCD display driver chip, touch display integrated single chip (IDC supporting embedded panel), fingerprint identification chip and pressure touch chip for mobile electronic devices.

Tenth place: Zhongxing Microelectronics

Occupy more than 60% of the global market share of computer image input chips. In 2005, Zhongxing Microelectronics was successfully listed on the NASDAQ stock market in the United States. At the beginning of 2016, Zhongxing Microelectronics launched the world’s first SVAC video codec SoC with integrated neural network processor (NPU), which enabled intelligent analysis results to be encoded with video data at the same time to form a structured video stream. This technology is widely used in video surveillance cameras, which opens a new era of intelligent security monitoring.

The key listed companies are: Ziguang Guoxin, Zhaoyi Innovation (Memory), Huiding Technology, Shilanwei (IDM), Datang Telecom, Quanzhi Technology, Zhongying Electronics (household appliances MCU, lithium battery, etc.), Beijing Junzheng, Apex, Fuhanwei, etc.

Chip manufacturing field

Similar to the panel industry, the manufacturing of semiconductor industry is an asset and technology-intensive industry, with large equipment demand, high technology content and high added value. The investment of a single factory is in the order of tens of billions. According to the data, a state-of-the-art 12-inch wafer production line needs to invest about 45 billion yuan, and TSMC’s 3-nanometer factory investment is expected to be 20 billion US dollars. Key listed companies are: SMIC, Hua Hong Semiconductor, etc.

Memory chip field

At present, the three major memory manufacturers in China are in the intensive construction stage. It is expected that they will enter the equipment installation stage in the first half of 2018, and a new round of equipment commissioning and installation drama will be staged soon.

Yangtze river storage:In March 2016, the national memory base with a total investment of about 160 billion yuan was launched in Wuhan. Four months later, Changjiang Storage Group was formally established, and Ziguang Group participated in the second phase of Changjiang Storage. According to Wuhan Xinxin, the registered capital of Changjiang Storage is invested in two phases. The first phase was jointly funded by the National IC Industry Investment Fund, Hubei Guoxin Industry Investment Fund and Hubei Science and Technology Investment Group, the shareholder of Wuhan Xinxin, and the Yangtze River Storage was established on the basis of Wuhan Xinxin IC Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (namely "Wuhan Xinxin"). The second phase will be jointly funded by Ziguang Group and the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund. Changjiang Storage will take chip manufacturing as a breakthrough, integrating memory product design, technology research and development, wafer production and testing, and sales. It is estimated that the monthly production capacity will be 300,000 pieces by 2020, and the monthly production capacity will be 1 million pieces by 2030.

Jinhua memory integrated circuit production project is located in the integrated circuit industrial park in Jinjiang, Quanzhou. It is jointly invested by Fujian Electronic Information Group and Quanzhou and Jinjiang governments. The total planned area is 594 mu, and the first phase investment is 37 billion yuan. The construction content includes wafer manufacturing and industrial chain support. It is estimated that the production scale of 60,000 12-inch advanced process memory wafers will be formed in September 2018. After the project is completed, it will fill the gap in the mainstream memory field in China. It is reported that as a key DRAM memory production project supported by the state, Jinhua Project has been included in the list of major projects in the national "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for major integrated circuit productivity layout planning, and has been supported by the national special construction fund.

Hefei changxinIs a memory project jointly developed by Beijing GigaDevice and Hefei Municipal Government. Invested 7.2 billion US dollars (about NT$ 216.646 billion) to build a 12-inch wafer factory to develop DRAM products. After completion in the future, it is estimated that the maximum monthly production will be as high as 125,000 chips.

Sealing and testing field

Key listed companies include: Changdian Technology (leading company), Huatian Technology (excellent financial indicators), Tongfu Microelectronics, Taiji Industry (DRAM sealing and testing, clean room), Shenzhen Technology, etc.

Integrated circuit equipment

There are only four wafer manufacturing equipment suppliers above designated size in China, accounting for 7%: according to the report of global wafer manufacturing equipment suppliers above designated size released by Gartner, there are 58 equipment companies in its statistical range, and China only holds 4 seats, namely North Huachuang, Zhongwei Semiconductor, Shengmei Semiconductor and Mattson (acquired by Yizhuang Guotou in 2016), and the others are located in Japan, 13 in the European Union, 10 in the United States, 7 in South Korea.

The key listed companies are: North Huachuang, a leader in high-end IC process equipment, Changchuan Technology, a leader in testing equipment (covering the whole field of manufacturing and packaging), and high-purity process leader to pure technology (lithography, etching, etc.), all of which use chemicals and special gases and have high requirements on purity. Pure technology is to control the purity of gas) and single crystal equipment leader Jingsheng electromechanical, etc.

semiconductor material

China’s semiconductor manufacturing materials industry maintained a sustained growth trend. In 2016, the sales revenue of semiconductor materials enterprises in China was 25.6 billion yuan. It is estimated that China will become the third largest market in the world after 2018. The localization of material supply chain is not only conducive to the control of manufacturing cost, rapid and timely response of service, safe and controllable technology, but also brings more industrial synergy benefits.

The key listed companies are: with the continuous breakthrough of reagent purification and transportation technology, the amount of wet electronic chemicals is relatively certain in a short period of time, and it is suggested to focus on domestic leading Jingrui Co., Ltd. and Jianghuawei; At present, the target material is the first sub-industry of semiconductor core industry chain in China, so it is suggested to focus on Jiangfeng Electronics, the domestic target leader. Large-size silicon wafer is also a relatively certain field in the future. It is suggested to pay attention to Shanghai Xinyang, a pioneer company that is already in the trial production certification stage. In addition, Nanda Optoelectronics in the field of photoresist and Dinglong shares in the field of CMP polishing pad are expected to take the lead in technological breakthroughs and realize import substitution at an early date.

　　The State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China recently issued "Several Opinions on Improving the System and Mechanism of Promoting Consumption and Further Stimulating the Consumption Potential of Residents". The Opinions emphasize that in recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in expanding consumption scale, improving consumption level and improving consumption structure, but we should also see that the institutional and institutional obstacles that restrict consumption expansion and upgrading are still outstanding.

　　In order to improve the system and mechanism of promoting consumption and further stimulate the consumption potential of residents,The "Opinions" revolve aroundResidents’ food, clothing, housing and transportation, and the direction of upgrading service consumption have introduced many measures.

　　Build a more mature consumer market segment

　　The "Opinions" pointed out that it is necessary to break through the deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles, adapt to the diversified consumption needs of residents at different levels, ensure the basic consumption economy, benefits and safety, cultivate the middle and high-end consumer market, and form a number of new consumption growth points with good development momentum and strong driving force.

　　Food, clothing and consumption

　　Strengthen guidance and supervision to ensure that market players provide safe and secure consumer goods.

　　Optimize the spatial layout of circulation facilities,Vigorously develop community businesses such as convenience stores and community greengrocers.To encourage the construction of a comprehensive service center for community life. Promote idle traditional commercial complexes to accelerate innovation and transformation, and promote the formation of a number of high-grade pedestrian streets through transformation and upgrading.Reasonable allocation of fitness, culture, pension and other service facilities in residential quarters.

　　Housing and transportation consumption

　　Vigorously develop the housing rental market, especially long-term rental.

　　Accelerate the legislation of housing leasing and protect the legitimate rights and interests of leasing stakeholders.We will strengthen the construction and transformation of urban water supply, sewage and garbage treatment, heating facilities in the northern region, and intensify the aging transformation of old urban communities by installing elevators.

　　Promote the optimization and upgrading of automobile consumption.

　　Encourage the development of a shared, economical and socialized automobile circulation system,Completely cancel the policy of restricting the movement of used cars.We will implement preferential fiscal and taxation policies such as exemption from vehicle purchase tax and purchase subsidies for new energy vehicles. Strengthen the construction of urban parking lots and charging facilities for new energy vehicles.

　　information consumption

　　Strengthen research and development of core technologies, accelerate product innovation and industrial upgrading, improve product quality and core competitiveness, and encourage and guide residents to expand consumption of related products.

　　Focus on the development of high-end mobile communication terminals, wearable devices, ultra-high-definition video terminals, smart home products and other new information products, as well as cutting-edge information consumption products such as virtual reality, augmented reality, smart cars and service robots.

　　green consumption

　　Establish a diversified supply system for green products, and enrich the production of green consumer goods such as energy-saving and water-saving products, resource recycling products, environmental protection products, green building materials and new energy vehicles.

　　Encourage the creation of green shopping malls, green hotels, green e-commerce and other circulation entities, and open up green product sales areas. Encourage qualified places to explore the development of green product consumption points system.

　　Promote the development of green transportation system and green postal service, and standardize the development of recycling industries of automobiles, household appliances and electronic products..　

　　Cultural tourism sports consumption

　　Properly grasp and handle the relationship between the attributes of cultural consumer goods and ideological attributes, promote the effective combination of inclusive and prudent supervision and open access, and strive to provide more excellent cultural products and quality cultural services.

　　Deepen the reform of the film distribution and projection mechanism. Improve the system and mechanism of legal circulation and trading of cultural relics. Improve the classified and open system in the fields of culture and Internet.

　　Carry out the creation of a global tourism demonstration zone. Promote the standardized development of theme parks, strengthen policy guidance for rural tourism, and improve the quality of rural tourism. Support the development of popular consumption of cruise ships, yachts, self-driving cars, caravans and general aviation, and strengthen the construction of relevant public supporting infrastructure.

　　Support social forces to hold international and domestic high-level sports events.Vigorously develop professional sports leagues. Promote the market-oriented operation of TV broadcasting of sports events.　　

　　Household consumption of healthy old-age care

　　On the premise of effectively guaranteeing basic medical and health services, support social forces to provide multi-level and diversified medical and health services.

　　Non-profit health service institutions run by social forces are treated equally with public institutions in land planning, municipal facilities, institutional access, talent introduction and practice environment.

　　Fully liberalize the old-age service market, further simplify the administrative examination and approval procedures, and promote the old-age service institutions to apply for "one-stop" services.Encourage social forces to participate in the reform of public pension service institutions. Improve the ways and means of government subsidies for the operation of old-age service institutions, and change from "making up bricks" and "making up beds" to "making up heads".

　　Guide the professional, large-scale, networked and standardized development of domestic service industry.Promote the establishment of domestic service credit system. Strengthen the implementation of job training in domestic service industry,Implement the pre-job health examination system.. accelerateHealth and beauty, family housekeeperSuch as the development of high-end life service industry.　

　　Education, training and child care consumption

　　Fully implement the party’s education policy, adhere to the correct direction of running schools, deepen the reform of the education system, and promote the opening of education to society and industry.

　　Vigorously support social forces to organize education and training institutions that meet diverse educational needs and are conducive to the overall and healthy development of individuals’ body and mind., developStudy tours, practice camps and special coursesAnd other educational service products. We will promptly revise the implementation regulations of the Private Education Promotion Law,Improve the classified registration management system of private education. Guide social forces to hold inclusive kindergartens and child care institutions in accordance with the requirements of the norms. Correct all kinds of educational and training activities that aim at utilitarianism and encourage the tendency of advanced education and exam-oriented education. Support foreign investors to set up non-academic vocational education and training institutions.

　　Create a safe and secure consumption environment

　　In terms of creating a safe and secure consumption environment, the Opinions put forward:

　　Strengthen the construction of credit system in the field of consumption

　　Relying on the national credit information sharing platform, establish a cross-regional cross-departmental cross-industry credit information sharing mechanism.,Provide the public with "one-stop" inquiry service of public credit information and early warning tips for consumption.

　　Improve the incentive mechanism of trustworthiness and disciplinary mechanism of dishonesty. Establish and improve the "red list" system of trustworthinessTo provide trustworthy enterprises with "green channels" for administrative examination and approval, reduce the frequency of supervision and other incentives, and provide trustworthy individuals with convenient services such as housing, transportation and travel.

　　Establish and improve the "blacklist" system of dishonesty, implement joint disciplinary measures such as market ban or limited service for untrustworthy subjects. Through the "Credit China" website and the national enterprise credit information publicity system, the information of "red list" and "blacklist" of trustworthiness is announced to the public.In the fields of food and medicine, which are related to the safety of people’s lives and property, we will intensify the crackdown on the sale of fake and shoddy products and impose punitive damages on market participants who infringe on consumers’ rights and interests according to law.

　　Improve the consumer rights protection mechanism

　　Further improve the function of the national 12315 Internet platform, unblock the channels for consumers to appeal, strengthen the administrative protection of consumers’ rights and interests, and establish a normalized consumer satisfaction survey and evaluation mechanism. Strengthen the judicial protection of online consumers’ rights and interests, and strengthen the construction of online cross-border consumer dispute resolution mechanism.Accelerate the legislation on personal information security and further strengthen the protection of consumers’ personal information.

　　Improve residents’ spending power and expectations

　　In terms of improving residents’ income and spending power, the Opinions put forward:

　　Improve the income distribution system that is conducive to improving residents’ spending power, increase the income of low-income groups, and expand middle-income groups.

　　Improve the macro-guidance system of enterprise wage distribution, promote collective wage negotiation according to law, and establish a wage determination mechanism and a normal growth mechanism that reflect the relationship between supply and demand in the human resources market and the economic benefits of enterprises.

　　We will improve the wage and subsidy system of government agencies and institutions, implement the distribution policy oriented to increasing knowledge value, expand the autonomy of income distribution in universities and research institutes, establish a system for investigating and comparing the wage levels of civil servants and equivalent personnel in enterprises, and promote the implementation of incentive plans for increasing income for key groups.Broaden the channels of residents’ labor income and property income.

　　Promote the implementation of the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees. Establish and improve the basic medical and health system covering urban and rural residents.

　　Encourage qualified places to explore the establishment of a social assistance mode combining cash assistance, physical assistance and assistance services for low-income groups, verify the assistance standard according to the standard of meeting basic living needs, and dynamically adjust according to the price level.

　　Improve the consumption policy system and further study and formulate policies to encourage and guide residents’ consumption.

　　Promote consumption tax legislation.

　　We will promote the reform of personal income tax, reasonably raise the basic deduction standard of personal income tax, appropriately increase special additional deductions, and gradually establish a comprehensive and classified personal income tax system.

　　We will implement preferential tax policies for life services such as health, pension and housekeeping.

　　Further enhance the supporting role of finance in promoting consumption, encourage innovation in consumer finance, standardize the development of consumer credit, and grasp the relationship between maintaining the reasonable leverage level of residents and the reasonable growth of consumer credit.

　　Encourage insurance companies to provide financing and credit enhancement support for consumer credit under the premise of controllable risks.

　　We will intensify the implementation of land use policies in the fields of culture, tourism, sports, health, old-age care and home economics.

　　(This article Source: CCTV News Comprehensive Xinhuanet)

　　【 honk 】

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and the West have launched several rounds of indiscriminate sanctions involving politics, finance, trade, science and technology, culture and other fields, which are all-round, high-intensity and complicated in frequency, which is unprecedented. In the meantime, while handing knives, the United States earned tickets, at the expense of the interests of many countries in the world and endangering the people’s livelihood in many countries, while American interest groups took advantage of the fishermen.

　　Regardless of Ukraine’s life and death, the United States continued to fuel the fire, fearing that the conflict would stop, and adopted a combination of one stone and many birds: it imposed indiscriminate sanctions on Russia with no bottom line, no ethics, no restraint and no contractual spirit, allowing American oil and gas to occupy the European market instead of Russian oil and gas, allowing Europe to take in Ukrainian refugees, thus further kidnapping Europe, so that NATO, the "abandoned child" after the end of the Cold War, finally had a chance to brush its sense of existence. In turn, it has become the "white glove" for the long arm of the United States to govern Europe and contain Russia, and to cooperate with the US dollar to raise interest rates to rush international capital to the United States, so as to alleviate the continuous rise of US inflation and national debt, and at the same time make the US military-industrial complex earn a lot of money. All these "combination punches" show that the United States is the black hand behind the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, with only one purpose, that is, to maintain the world hegemony of the United States and continue its life for hegemonism and imperialism. The indiscriminate sanctions imposed by the United States for profit have disrupted the global energy, food and financial order, which is an extreme manifestation of anti-globalization. Only the United States has benefited, but the countries and people in the world have suffered.

　　It can be asserted that the indiscriminate sanctions initiated by the United States and the West against Russia are a damaging, insidious and poisonous move against globalization. Its damage is harming the interests of all parties outside the United States; Its yin is to use the dominance of globalization to destroy globalization, reverse globalization and maintain hegemony; Its poison is in an attempt to continue the conflict between Russia and Ukraine through NATO’s five eastward expansions, pushing Russia into a desperate situation.

　　The improper use of the leading power of globalization leads to anti-globalization.

　　Globalization is an irreversible trend in today’s world. Globalization goes hand in hand with industrialization and urbanization, promoting the global layout of supply chain, industrial chain, value chain and innovation chain, promoting the formation of world city networks such as global cities, national cities and general towns, promoting the prosperity of a new world economic system composed of advanced manufacturing industries and high-end service industries with informationization, networking and intelligence, and bringing globalization dividends to countries and people all over the world; Looking ahead, the trend of globalization is still irresistible.

　　It is a just, correct and just way to conform to the trend of globalization and create and share the global dividend. This practice upholds the concept of a community of human destiny, strives to build a new global governance system, promotes the benign development of globalization, and enables all countries and people in the world to create and share the dividend of globalization.

　　Regrettably, countries that are in the leading position of globalization in today’s world have always cherished their own priority concepts. The United States does not proceed from the perspective that all countries and people in the world create and share the global dividend, but from the perspective of maximizing its own interests, and does not hesitate to use means to hinder globalization. The most commonly used is sanctions, and the most extreme is indiscriminate sanctions. In a way that harms globalization, it hinders the maximization of the creation of global dividends, while taking all the global dividends created by all countries in the world, and ultimately damages the sharing of global dividends by all countries in the world.

　　The predatory "vampire" approach will hinder globalization

　　The essence of globalization is the globalization of social division of labor, that is, the social division of labor crosses national boundaries, and arranges the supply end, industry end, value end and innovation end in different countries, and then connects these "ends" to form a "chain", thus forming a global supply chain, industrial chain, value chain and innovation chain. The premise of the smooth operation of the "chain" is to build channels connecting all parts of the world (such as goods, money, information, technology, people and other mobile channels), realize interconnection, and then form a "network"

　　The carriers of globalization are primary products and commodities, money and finance, information, science and technology, and personnel, aiming at realizing all-round and unimpeded communication, exchange and optimal allocation among countries, and creating a global dividend far higher than the sum of domestic dividends of all countries in the world. The order of globalization makes the above-mentioned channels run safely and unimpeded. To this end, the international community has jointly established world organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and their operating mechanisms, which constitute a global governance system. All this is for the purpose that all countries in the world participating in globalization jointly create and share the global dividend.

　　In the natural historical process of globalization, there are many key links, such as terminals, chains, channels, carriers and systems. These key links can not only ensure but also prevent the continuous operation, smooth flow, interlocking and orderly globalization, forming a series of "gates" and "valves" that can be opened or closed. But when to turn it on and off, and how big the switch is, often depends on who is in charge of the dominant power of globalization, and may even be used as an "anti-globalization weapon" by it, for example, US dollars, oil and gas, agricultural products, settlement channels (such as SWIFT) and so on.

　　The United States adheres to its own priority dictatorship, monopolization and exclusive enjoyment, and implements long-arm jurisdiction and indiscriminate sanctions all over the world without a bottom line, ethics and restraint, which can only curb the creation of globalization dividends. This is a "vampire-like" anti-globalization and anti-globalization practice that takes advantage of plunder and violates justice, and is the essential manifestation of hegemonism and imperialism.

　　After the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and the West imposed a series of "unconventional" and "epic-level" sanctions on Russia, the scope and intensity of which were far greater than before, which not only brought various livelihood problems to Russia but also to many countries unrelated to the conflict and their people, blocked the natural and historical process of globalization, destroyed the normal globalization order, and made the globalization dividend drop sharply.

　　A few days ago, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin revealed that some American media called the United States the only "sanctions superpower" in the world, which hit the nail on the head. He Yafei, former vice minister of foreign affairs, pointed out: "After the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the United States and western countries imposed unprecedented severe sanctions on Russia in breadth and depth, and Russia also took countermeasures. The sanctions and anti-sanctions between the United States, the West and Russia are double-edged swords in the game of big powers, and their impact on US-Russia relations, international structure, world economy and finance, and global governance system is incalculable. "

　　Indiscriminate sanctions imposed by the United States are harmful, insidious and poisonous moves against globalization. Their root cause is hegemonism and their essence is imperialism. Opposing hegemonism is a necessary measure to safeguard the peaceful development of today’s world, deter or even put an end to the countercurrent of globalization, and promote the benign development of globalization.

　　(Author: Li Zhengtu, a researcher and doctoral supervisor at the Institute of Economics, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, and vice president of China Political Economy Association)

General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government

On the issuance of "prevention and control of air pollution in Hunan Province"“Guard the blue sky"

Action plan for tackling key problems (2023—2025Notice of the year)

Hunan zhengban made [2023〕34number

HNPR—2023—01018

 

The people’s governments of cities, counties and cities, the provincial government departments and commissions, and the directly affiliated institutions:

Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Hunan Province“Guard the blue sky"Action plan for tackling key problems (2023—2025Year) has been agreed by the provincial people’s government and is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

 

General Office of Hunan Provincial People’s Government               

2023yeareightmoon23Sun         

 

Prevention and control of air pollution in Hunan Province“Guard the blue sky"Action plan for tackling key problems

(2023—2025Year)

 

In order to defend the blue sky in depth and strive to achieve a fundamental improvement in the quality of the atmospheric environment in the province, according to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Air Pollution Prevention Law and Hunan Province“China’s 14th five-year plan"Eco-environmental protection plan "and other laws, regulations and policies, this action plan is formulated.

I. General requirements

(A) the guiding ideology

Thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the supreme leader’s thought of ecological civilization, implement the spirit of the National Conference on Ecological Environmental Protection, take the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the overall starting point, take the overall improvement of air quality as the core, focus on reducing heavy pollution weather and solving outstanding atmospheric environmental problems, highlight systematic governance, source governance and comprehensive governance, strengthen precise pollution control, scientific pollution control and pollution control according to law, adhere to the problem-oriented, goal-oriented and result-oriented principles, and make every effort, punch and make efforts.“See results in one year and improve in two years.2025Basically eliminate heavily polluted weather in".

(2) Basic principles

——Insist on optimizing the structure and treat both the symptoms and root causes. Effectively promote the optimization and adjustment of energy, industry and transportation structure, effectively improve the clean and low-carbon level, carry out in-depth pollution control in key industries, and greatly reduce the total amount of air pollutants discharged in key areas.

——Insist on highlighting key points and synergizing. focusPM_2.fiveAnd ozone, highlight key areas, tasks and time periods, strengthen coordinated emission reduction of multiple pollutants, and promote coordinated governance and joint prevention and control.

——Adhere to joint management and compact responsibility. Clarify the division of responsibilities, strengthen departmental cooperation, and form a joint force to overcome difficulties. Strengthen the linkage between monitoring, law enforcement and supervision, consolidate capacity building, strictly control and strictly examine, and promote the implementation of responsibilities and measures.

(3) attack the target

2023In, the national air quality index was achieved, and the whole provincePM_2.fiveConcentration strives for34μg/m^threeWithin; Among them Changsha City is in37μg/m^threeWithin.2024Year, ahead of schedule to complete the state issued.“China’s 14th five-year plan"Air quality goal, the whole provincePM_2.fiveConcentration at33μg/m^threeWithin; Among them Changsha City is in36μg/m^threeWithin, and strive to catch up with the middle reaches of the provincial capital cities.2025In, the whole provincePM_2.fiveConcentration at32μg/m^threeWithin, strive to reach the national average, in the forefront of the six central provinces, basically eliminate heavy pollution weather; Among them Changsha City is in35μg/m^threeWithin, and ensure that it reaches the upper-middle level of the provincial capital cities, and strive to rank among the advanced ranks. (See Annex for details)

Second, attack the task

Deploy key tasks around key areas of air pollution prevention and control, and promote the effectiveness of key actions.

(1) Energy field

onePromote green and low-carbon energy transformation. Strictly implement the substitution of equal amount and reduction of coal, and increase the proportion of coal consumption. Expand natural gas sources through multiple channels, increase the proportion of external electricity reception, and continue to advance.“Coal to gas”“Coal to electricity"Project, vigorously promote the use of clean energy or power plant heat, industrial waste heat, etc. to replace coal for boilers and furnaces, and accelerate the promotion of building materials enterprises such as glass and floor tiles, as well as blast furnaces and reverberatory furnaces in non-ferrous smelting industries.“Coal to gas"In accordance with the law and regulations, promote the orderly exit of gas producers and promote the development of non-fossil energy. arrive2025In, the proportion of coal consumption in primary energy consumption fell to51%About, the proportion of coal consumption reached55%Above.[Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Provincial Energy Bureau) takes the lead, and the municipal people’s governments are responsible for the implementation; The following are required to be implemented by the municipal people’s governments, and are no longer listed]

2Strengthen the control of no-burn zone and promote the substitution of loose coal. Strengthen the supervision of coal production, sales and use. Optimize and adjust the scope of the no-burn zone for highly polluting fuels, and severely investigate and deal with coal burning behavior in the no-burn zone. Promote the low-carbon transformation of rural energy consumption and accelerate the substitution of loose coal for agricultural planting, breeding and agricultural product processing.[Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Provincial Energy Bureau), Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Provincial Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities]

threeImprove the energy efficiency level of key industries. We will carry out energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation in key industries, fully implement energy-saving technological transformation for existing projects below the benchmark level of energy efficiency in the province, and build projects under construction and proposed in accordance with the national industry energy efficiency benchmark level. arrive2025In, enterprises in key industries such as steel, building materials and chemical industry all reached the benchmark level of energy efficiency, and the proportion of enterprises reaching the benchmark level of energy efficiency exceeded.thirty percent; The average power supply coal consumption of coal-fired power units in the province has dropped to300Kebiao coal/Below kwh.[Provincial Development and Reform Commission (Provincial Energy Bureau) and Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology are responsible for the division of responsibilities]

(II) Industry and information technology

oneOptimize the industrial structure and layout. Strict project access, containment“Two highs and one low."The project develops blindly. Implement industrial planning and industrial policies, strictly implement measures for capacity replacement in key industries, and eliminate backward production capacity according to laws and regulations. Optimize the layout of industrial chain, carry out investigation and rectification of traditional industrial clusters, and promote key gas-related enterprises to enter the park. arrive2025In 2000, brick and tile enterprises with low environmental performance were shut down in accordance with relevant policies and environmental protection standards.(The Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the green and low-carbon development of the industry. We will improve the energy-saving standard system and carry out mandatory cleaner production audits in key industries. Vigorously promote green manufacturing and promote the construction of green factories and green parks. arrive2025In, the energy consumption of added value of industrial units above designated size decreased.14%The emission intensity of major pollutants in key industries has decreased.10%; build50Home at or above the provincial level green park,500A green factory, enterprises in key industries in various cities and states have fully completed a round of cleaner production audit, and the voluntary cleaner production audit in the whole province has passed the enterprise.1500Above home.(The Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeIncrease and decreaseVOCsSubstitution of raw and auxiliary materials. Establish a multi-sectoral joint law enforcement mechanism, strengthen supervision and inspection, and ensure that production, sales and use meet the requirements.VOCsProducts with standard content limit. Focusing on industrial painting, packaging printing and adhesive use, it is clearly put forward in the cleaner production audit of enterprises that lowVOCsSubstitution requirements for raw and auxiliary materials.(The Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology, the Provincial Department of Ecological Environment and the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(3) The field of transportation

onePromote the green transformation of cargo transportation. Promote the transportation of bulk goods“Revolving iron and water", advance“multimodal transport”“Scattered change set”“External set internal match"And other modes of transportation, and gradually increase the proportion of clean transportation of bulk goods. Optimize and upgrade the road network structure, and accelerate the construction of the new line expansion project of Changzhu section of Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway. arrive2025In, the freight volume of railways and waterways in the whole province was higher than that of other provinces.2020Annual growth10%and12%The container combined transport of molten iron has increased annually.15%Above; The proportion of clean transportation of bulk goods by enterprises in key industries such as thermal power, steel, coal, coking and nonferrous metals has reached.70%Above.(The Provincial Department of Transportation, the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the clean and low-carbon development of vehicles and boats. Focus on public vehicles and medium and heavy trucks, promote the cleanliness of traditional vehicles, and accelerate the construction of new energy transportation infrastructure. Intensify the elimination of ships with high energy consumption and high emissions, and accelerate the transformation of ship power receiving devices. arrive2025In, the sales volume of new energy vehicles reached the total sales volume of new vehicles.20%Around, the proportion of new energy vehicles in new or updated buses, taxis, logistics and light sanitation vehicles in key cities and national ecological civilization experimental zones is not less than80%; accomplish1000Renovation of power receiving facilities for inland dry bulk ships and multi-purpose ships with deadweight tons or above.(Provincial Department of Transportation, Provincial Development and Reform Commission, Provincial Department of Finance and Provincial Department of Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeStrengthen the prevention and control of pollution from ships and ports. Strengthen the supervision of ship fuel use, and install flue gas treatment facilities for ships with conditions. Accelerate the construction of shore power facilities, and ships with power receiving facilities (except tankers) will berth in berths with shore power supply capacity for more than.2Hours and no effective alternative measures are used, shore power should be used. Promote the use of electric machinery in ports and docks, and gradually ban the use of non-road mobile machinery with national emission standards of Grade III and below. arrive2025In, the shore power consumption of ships berthing at port increased annually.10%Above.(Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(D) Industrial governance

onePromote ultra-low emission and deep treatment of boiler and kiln. We will comprehensively carry out ultra-low emission transformation in the steel and cement industries, carry out in-depth treatment of boilers and kilns and investigation of simple and inefficient treatment facilities, and carry out special rectification of key industries with high emissions. Biomass boilers use special stoves and molding fuels and provide efficient treatment facilities to promote the installation of on-line flue gas monitoring facilities for biomass boilers in urban built-up areas. arrive2025In, the ultra-low emission transformation of steel and cement enterprises in key cities was fully completed.(Led by the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment)

2Carry out involvementVOCsWhole-process rectification of key industries. Continue to carry outVOCsInvestigate and clean up outstanding problems in governanceSimple and inefficient, non-compliant treatment facilities, strengthen the control of unorganized and abnormal working conditions of waste gas emissions. Standardize the development of ldar. Promote the construction of new cities and States respectively.one—threeIndividual involvementVOCs“Green Island"Project.(Led by the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment)

threeStrengthen the response to heavy pollution weather from industrial sources. Improve the emergency emission reduction list to ensure full coverage of gas-related enterprises. Incorporate emergency emission reduction measures into the management of pollutant discharge permits. Severely crack down on online monitoring, operation and maintenance, falsification of manual monitoring reports, abnormal operation of treatment facilities and failure to implement emergency measures for heavy pollution reduction. Actively improve the environmental performance level of enterprises in key industries of emergency emission reduction. arrive2025In, the proportion of enterprises with non-minimum performance level in the province strives to reach.10%, steel, cement enterprises all reached.B(includingB?) level and above.(Led by the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment)

(5) Pollution control of diesel trucks

oneStrengthen the supervision of motor vehicles meeting the standards. Intensify road inspection, road inspection and household inspection. Strict motor vehicle environmental inspection management, severely investigate and deal with illegal acts. Optimize traffic control measures, formulate, improve and strictly implement the policy of prohibiting and restricting high-emission vehicles, scientifically plan the passage around the city, and reduce the number of diesel trucks with national emission standards of Grade III and below entering the urban area; Air quality comprehensive index orPM_2.fiveCities and States whose concentration is higher than the average level of the whole province should study and take dynamic restrictions on fuel vehicles in urban areas in a specific period of time in time. Severely crack down on motor vehicle trespassing in restricted areas.(Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the elimination of old motor vehicles. Vigorously promote the elimination and renewal of old vehicles, and encourage key cities with conditions to speed up the introduction and improvement of policies such as subsidies for early elimination and scrapping of diesel trucks. Strict implementation of motor vehicle compulsory scrapping standards, the vehicle license plate that meets the compulsory scrapping standards shall be declared invalid according to the law, and those that meet the compulsory scrapping conditions shall be handed over to the scrapped motor vehicle recycling enterprises for recycling and dismantling. arrive2025In, according to the national regulations, the diesel trucks with emission standards of Grade III and below were eliminated.(Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment and Provincial Department of Finance are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeStrengthen the supervision of off-road mobile machinery. Strictly formulate and implement measures to ban high-emission non-road mobile machinery, and strengthen the supervision of use in low-emission areas. Continue to carry out non-road mobile machinery coding registration and sampling work. Promote the electrification of working vehicles and machinery in factories and mines. arrive2025In, non-road mobile machinery with national emission standards and below was basically eliminated.(Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

fourPromote the supervision of key vehicle units. Promote key vehicle units to use electric vehicles or belt corridors instead of diesel trucks in short-circuit and fixed lines, improve vehicle use accounts, strengthen the construction of intelligent access control systems, and increase the proportion of diesel trucks or clean energy trucks with national six emission standards.(The Provincial Department of Transportation, the Provincial Public Security Department and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(6) the field of refined oil circulation

oneStrengthen the management of oil and gas recovery in gas stations. Carry out special inspection of oil and gas recovery in storage, transportation and marketing, and the gas station completed three oil and gas recovery treatments as required. arrive2025In, the annual sales of gasoline is greater than5000Tons (inclusive) of gas stations have completed the installation and networking of online monitoring facilities for oil and gas recovery.(The Provincial Department of Commerce and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Strengthen the comprehensive management of the refined oil circulation market. Regularly develop the field of refined oil circulation.“Fight against illegal activities."Special action, comprehensively clean up and rectify self-built oil tanks, mobile refueling vehicles (ships) and black gas stations without licenses or expired licenses. Improve the joint supervision mechanism of oil products, and achieve the quality sampling inspection of oil products in refined oil business stations (points) every year1600More than batches.(Provincial Department of Commerce, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Public Security Department, Provincial Emergency Department and Provincial Department of Transportation are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threePromote the management of crude oil and refined oil terminals and tankers. Carry out the investigation of the current situation of oil and gas recovery and management of crude oil and refined oil terminal berths and tankers and the construction of facilities. arrive2025Year,5000The berths of crude oil and refined oil terminals with tonnage and above have all completed the construction of oil and gas recovery facilities.(Provincial Department of Transportation and Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(seven) the field of urban and rural housing construction

oneStrengthen pollution control in construction. Incorporate the prevention and control of dust pollution into the target management of safety production and the credit evaluation of construction units. Carry out special inspections on dust control at construction sites and the use of construction machinery to speed up popularization and application.“internet+Smart Construction Site"Supervision system. Continue to promote the development of prefabricated buildings, encourage prefabricated decoration, and guide the low use of housing buildings.VOCsContent paint and other green building materials products.(led by the Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, with the participation of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment and the Provincial Department of Water Resources)

2Strengthen the dust control of roads and bare soil. Promotion road“Suction, sweeping and closing"Combine operation modes, establish an evaluation mechanism of road dust load, and improve the quality of cleaning. Take measures such as greening, hardening and covering for urban public areas and long-term undeveloped bare land to timely control dust. Continue to carry out open-pit mine restoration and management, and further promote the construction of green mines.(The Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Provincial Department of Natural Resources are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threePromote the remediation of pollution from domestic sources. Establish and improve the closed-loop management system of catering fume control coordinated by departments; Supervise catering units to standardize the installation, operation and maintenance of fume purification facilities according to law; Intensify the law enforcement inspection of illegal emission and excessive emission of lampblack in catering units. Deepen the special rectification of cooking fume pollution in open-air barbecue and night market catering. Strictly implement the policy of prohibiting and restricting the release of fireworks and firecrackers. In addition to undertaking major national and provincial activities, it is really necessary to conduct comprehensive air quality index in the central city and last year.PM_2.fiveFireworks and firecrackers are prohibited in the central city of counties (cities) whose concentration is higher than the national average, and are encouraged to be banned in other areas. If it is really necessary to set off fireworks and firecrackers to undertake major national and provincial activities, it should be reported to the public security department for approval according to the law after the air quality impact assessment is carried out under the guidance of the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment; Last year’s comprehensive air quality index orPM_2.fiveIf the concentration is higher than the national average, the Municipal Bureau of Ecological Environment will report the evaluation opinions to the Provincial Department of Ecological Environment for the record. Severely investigate and deal with illegal sales of fireworks and firecrackers.(Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Provincial Market Supervision Bureau, Provincial Public Security Department and Provincial Emergency Management Department are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

(VIII) Agriculture and rural areas

oneStrengthen the comprehensive utilization of straw and ban burning. Promote straw according to local conditions“Wuhua"Comprehensive utilization, the establishment of straw resources ledger system and regular scheduling mechanism, improve the straw storage and transportation system. Improve the grid supervision system, improve the monitoring accuracy of straw burning fire point, and carry out special inspections in key areas and key time periods. Scientifically demarcate no-burning areas in all localities, and prohibit straw burning in the open air. arrive2025In, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in the whole province was stable at86%Above and meet the national requirements.(The Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Provincial Department of Ecological Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Promote the green development of agricultural production. Accelerate the popularization and application of energy-saving and environmental-friendly agricultural machinery, and intensify the scrapping and elimination of old agricultural machinery and tools with high energy consumption and heavy pollution. We will promote the resource utilization of livestock manure, reduce and increase the efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and implement the action of zero growth of chemical fertilizers.(led by the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)

(nine) the field of provincial state-owned enterprises

onePromote the green development of enterprises. Supervise and guide enterprises to establish a green supply chain system and build a number of green supply chain management demonstration enterprises. Promote the transportation of bulk goods by enterprises in a clean way. arrive2025In, provincial state-owned enterprises strive to achieve the proportion of clean transportation of bulk goods.80%.(Led by the Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, with the participation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology)

2Promote in-depth corporate governance. Focus on steel, building materials, industrial painting and other industries.NOxandVOCsDeep emission reduction. arrive2025In, chemical, pharmaceutical, building materials and other enterprises completed deep treatment, while industrial painting enterprises completed low.VOCsSubstitution of raw and auxiliary materials.(Led by the Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, with the participation of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, the Provincial Department of Industry and Information Technology and the Provincial Market Supervision Bureau)

threeImprove the environmental performance level of enterprises. Carry out clean and low-carbon transformation in an all-round way to promote the improvement of corporate environmental performance. arrive2025In, a round of cleaner production audit was completed in an all-round way, and the enterprises with the lowest performance level in key industries were completely cleared, striving toB(includingB?) level and above enterprises to achievefiveHome.(Provincial State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

(10) Meteorological field

oneImprove basic capabilities and promote precision monitoring. Improve the air pollution monitoring network, strengthen the vertical networking observation of atmospheric heat and power, and build“Kongtiandi"Integrated grid monitoring system. Promote the construction of meteorological big data fusion analysis platform.(The Provincial Meteorological Bureau and the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

2Improve the level of refined forecasting. Improve the environmental meteorological forecast service system, strengthen emergency meteorological service support such as heavy pollution weather response, and improve the accuracy of pollution process forecast. arrive2025Year, futuresevenThe accuracy of day-level forecast has reached75%Above.(The Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment and the Provincial Meteorological Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

threeScientifically carry out artificial precipitation enhancement operations. Establish an operational layout that combines aircraft operations with local ground operations, and effectively carry out collaborative operations of artificial precipitation enhancement and pollution reduction. Strengthen the construction of weather modification operation bases, grass-roots standardized operation sites and operation teams in cities and counties.(Led by Provincial Meteorological Bureau)

Third, tackling key projects

We will implement key projects such as three major structural adjustments, four major special treatments, and one capacity improvement, and promote the implementation of tasks and measures for tackling key problems.

(A) the three major structural adjustment projects

oneEnergy structure: covering total coal control and electricity.The increase in the proportion of coal consumption, the development of clean energy,“Coal to gas"、“Coal to electricity"Energy-saving transformation of key industries and fields.

2Industrial structure: covering the elimination of backward production capacity, the optimization and integration of traditional industrial clusters, the establishment of green parks and factories, etc.

threeTransportation structure: covering freight.“Revolving iron and water", the construction of special railway lines, the construction of new energy transportation infrastructure, the transformation of ship power receiving devices, and the construction of shore power facilities in ports and docks.

(2) Four special treatment projects

oneElimination of heavy pollution weather: covering ultra-low emission transformation in steel and cement industries, deep treatment of boilers and kilns, and clean energy substitution.

2Ozone pollution prevention: low coverageVOCsSubstitution of raw and auxiliary materials, unorganized emission improvement and terminal improvement,“Green Island"Project construction, oil and gas recovery and management of gas stations, crude oil product wharf and tanker management, etc.

threePollution control of diesel trucks: covering the elimination of old motor vehicles, the elimination of old off-road mobile machinery, and the construction of intelligent access control systems for key vehicle units.

fourNon-point source system improvement: covering the development of prefabricated buildings, the construction of green mines, the control of catering oil fume, the control of urban bare soil dust, the comprehensive utilization of straw, the reduction and increase of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, etc.

(3) Capacity improvement project

It covers air quality and component monitoring, air quality early warning and forecasting, pollution source monitoring and control, and law enforcement and supervision ability improvement.

Fourth, attack the security

(a) to strengthen organizational leadership, strengthen the implementation of responsibilities.Relying on the provincial ecological and environmental protection Committee to establish a coordination mechanism for tackling key problems and set up a special work class. Relevant departments directly under the provincial level shall formulate implementation plans in their respective fields, and governments at all levels shall strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. Incorporate the target completion and task implementation into the assessment of pollution prevention and control.

(2) Promote the improvement of laws and regulations and increase capital investment.Study and initiate the revision of the regulations on the prevention and control of air pollution, promote the formulation of local special regulations such as fixed sources and mobile sources, and promote collaborative legislation in key cities. Governments at all levels should take the prevention and control of air pollution as a key area of fiscal expenditure, and all relevant departments at the provincial level should make overall plans to ensure special funds.

(three) to carry out assistance and guidance, strengthen the supervision and dispatch.In view of the technical difficulties and policy implementation problems reflected by various localities and enterprises, we will strengthen the assistance and guidance of expert technical teams. The Office of the Provincial Eco-environmental Protection Committee established a working mechanism of regular scheduling, notification and assessment, and included the crucial actions in the important content of provincial eco-environmental protection inspectors, and carried out special supervision and cross-inspection in a normal way.

(4) Strengthen joint prevention and control and improve scientific and technological support.We will improve the system of joint meetings of joint prevention and control work, coordinate and promote key tasks, and establish and improve a long-term mechanism for joint prevention and control. Strengthen cooperation and information exchange with neighboring provinces and promote the establishment of inter-provincial early warning linkage system. We will build a scientific and technological support system for the whole process, such as monitoring and forecasting, source analysis, efficient governance, and intelligent supervision, and organize the prevention and control of scientific and technological research and the application of technological achievements.

(5) Strengthen policy propaganda and create a good atmosphere.Widely publicize and interpret air pollution prevention and control policies and measures, progress and effectiveness, do a good job in public welfare propaganda of banning burning and burning, and pay attention to guiding public opinion. Organize various forms of publicity and cultural activities, advocate green, civilized and environmentally friendly production and lifestyle, encourage the masses to participate in supervision, and report air pollution violations through multiple channels.

 

Attachment: Action Target of Air Pollution Prevention and Control

In the current real estate market, in order to promote the healthy development of the real estate market, the government has launched a variety of policies, among which the "trade-in" policy has attracted widespread attention. This policy aims to encourage residents to replace their old houses with new ones, so as to stimulate the sales of new houses and the renewal of old houses. The following is a detailed introduction on how to operate the "trade-in" policy.

Policy background

The "trade-in" policy is a real estate incentive measure led by the government. Its main purpose is to encourage residents to replace old houses with new or renovated ones by providing certain economic subsidies or tax incentives. This will not only help to improve the living conditions of residents, but also promote the activity of the real estate market.

operating process

1. title examinationFirst of all, the applicant needs to confirm whether he meets the conditions stipulated in the policy, such as the age and area of the property. Usually, the government will publish the specific qualification requirements on the official website.

2. Evaluate the value of old housesThe applicant needs to contact a professional real estate assessment institution to evaluate the value of the old house. The evaluation results will be used as the basis for enjoying policy subsidies.

3. Choose a new houseAfter confirming the value of the old house, the applicant can choose a suitable new house according to his own needs and economic conditions.

4. Submit applicationPrepare all necessary documents, including identity certificate, real estate certificate, evaluation report, etc., and submit the "trade-in" application to the local real estate management department.

5. Audit and approval: The real estate management department will review the application materials and issue an approval notice after confirming that they are correct.

6. Transactions and subsidiesAfter approval, the applicant can sell the old house and buy the new house. After the transaction is completed, the applicant will receive corresponding subsidies according to the policy.

matters need attention

Applicants should pay attention to the following points when carrying out the "trade-in" operation:

-Ensure the authenticity and completeness of all documents, and avoid application failure due to material problems.

-Understand and compare the policy differences in different regions, and choose the most suitable policy implementation region.

-When choosing a new house, consider the future housing demand and market changes and make wise decisions.

Policy advantage

Through the "trade-in" policy, residents can not only enjoy direct economic subsidies from the government, but also improve their living quality by replacing new houses. In addition, this policy can effectively promote the healthy development of the real estate market and promote the stable economic growth.

In short, the "trade-in" policy provides a good opportunity for residents who want to improve their living conditions. Through a detailed understanding of the policy content and operation process, residents can complete the property replacement more smoothly and enjoy the multiple benefits brought by the policy.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of Shaanxi Health and Health Commission, from 0: 00 on December 22 to 8: 00 on December 23, 86 local confirmed cases were newly reported in Shaanxi (84 cases in Xi ‘an, 1 case in Xianyang and 1 case in Yan ‘an). Since December 9th, the province has reported a total of 235 local confirmed cases (227 in Xi ‘an, 4 in Yan ‘an and 4 in Xianyang).

　　From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on December 22, there were no new reports of imported confirmed cases, suspected cases and asymptomatic infected persons.

　　Locally confirmed case 1,Female, 26 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 1 released on December 18th. On December 16th, he was put under centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 19th, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed case 2,Male, 72 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, he took the initiative to take samples at the nucleic acid sampling point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal test results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 3,Female, 41 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 1 released in China on December 18th. On December 16th, he was put under centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 20, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 4,Female, 34 years old, now lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 2 released on December 19th. On December 17, it was isolated, and on December 20, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 5,Male, 62 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 6,Female, 42 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an. Is a close contact of the local confirmed case 1 released on December 18th. On December 16, it was centralized and isolated. On December 20, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 7,Male, 67 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 8,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Baqiao District, Xi ‘an. On December 19th, I took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point. On December 20, the abnormal test results were centralized and isolated. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 9,Male, 35 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, he went to the hospital for fever, and the nucleic acid test result was positive, and he was immediately isolated. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 10,Male, 54 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 21 released on December 22nd. On December 20, the nucleic acid was tested at the sampling point, and it was isolated because of abnormal test results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 11,Male, 25 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he went to the hospital for fever clinic and was isolated. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 12,Female, 60 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 4 released in China on December 22nd. On December 20, he was placed in centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case in COVID-19 by a municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 13,Male, 12 years old, lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of 16 local confirmed cases released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 14,Female, 2 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 23 released on December 22nd. During the isolation period, the nucleic acid test results were positive on December 21st. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 15,Female, 1-year-old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 4 released on December 22nd. On December 20, he was placed in centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 16,Male, 24 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 19th, I went to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and on December 21st, I was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 17,Female, 8 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 22 released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 18,Male, 43 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. Because the unit has confirmed cases, it is centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 19,Female, 26 years old, lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 22 released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 20,Male, 22 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. Because the unit has confirmed cases, it is centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 21,Female, 46 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 22,Male, 25 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 1 released on December 17th. During the control period, the result of nucleic acid test was positive on December 22nd, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 23,Female, 58 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 1 released in China at 10: 11 on December 15th. On December 15, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 24,Male, 40 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. Nucleic acid was detected at the sampling point on December 20, and was isolated on December 21 due to abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 25,Female, 39 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of confirmed case 1 released in China at 10: 11 on December 15th. On December 16, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 26,Male, 64 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21st, I went to the sampling point for nucleic acid detection. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid detection was positive, which was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 27,Male, 34 years old, now lives in Qujiang New District, Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid testing point for nucleic acid testing, and I was isolated at home because of abnormal mixed test results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 28,Female, 37 years old, now lives in Qujiang New District, Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid testing point for nucleic acid testing, and on December 21, I was isolated at home because of abnormal test results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 29,Male, 56 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 21, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 30,Male, 61 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 21, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was centralized and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 31,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an. On December 18, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 32,Male, 40 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 19, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 33,Male, 58 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 34,Female, 22 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, he took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and was concentrated and isolated on December 21 due to abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 35,Female, 39 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 21 released on December 21st. On December 20, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 36,Female, 65 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of the local confirmed case 21 released on December 21st. On December 20, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 37,Male, 57 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 38,Female, 49 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I went to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated after the mixed test was abnormal. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 39,Male, 28 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, he took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and was isolated after the detection result was abnormal on December 21. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 40,Female, 31 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 41,Female, 28 years old, now lives in Economic Development Zone, weiyang district, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 2 released at 14: 59 on December 16th. On December 17, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 42,Male, 26 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 28 released on December 21st. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid testing point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and on December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by a municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 43,Female, 30 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and on December 21, I was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 44,Male, 30 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the sampling point for nucleic acid testing, and was isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 45,Male, 20 years old, now lives in Xincheng District of Xi ‘an. On December 21, the detection results of nucleic acid screening in key populations were abnormal and were isolated in a centralized way. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 46,Male, 31 years old, now living in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, is a close contact of the local confirmed case 10 released on December 21st. On December 21, it was isolated, and the nucleic acid result was positive that night. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 47,Male, 33 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 10 released on December 21st. On December 21, it was isolated, and the nucleic acid result was positive that night. On December 22nd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 48,Male, 39 years old, now lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he went to the hospital for fever clinic and was isolated on the spot. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 49,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he went to the fever clinic because of fever, and was isolated on the spot. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　50 locally confirmed cases,Male, 24 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 19, he took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the nucleic acid detection point, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 51,Male, 29 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to check the nucleic acid at the sampling point, and the result was abnormal. On December 21, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 52,Female, 50 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, I took the initiative to take samples at the nucleic acid detection point, and the nucleic acid detection result was abnormal, and then I was isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 53,Female, 30 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. During the control period, the result of nucleic acid test was positive on December 22nd, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 54,Female, 33 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, the results of participating in the nucleic acid test were abnormal, and then they were isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 55,Female, 33 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 28 released on December 21st. On December 20, he was placed in centralized isolation for medical observation. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 56,Male, 41 years old, now lives in Economic Development Zone, weiyang district, Xi ‘an. On December 19, I took the initiative to take samples at the nucleic acid detection point, and the nucleic acid detection result was abnormal, and then I was isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 57,Female, 42 years old, lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 3 released on December 20th. On December 21, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. It was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 58,Female, 51 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, he took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and the result was abnormal, and then he was isolated and controlled. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 59,Male, 22 years old, now living in weiyang district, Xi ‘an, is a close contact of confirmed case 4 released in China on December 19th. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 60,Female, 42 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, I took the initiative to go to the hospital fever clinic to detect nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. The result of nucleic acid test on that day was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 61,Female, 60 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone, and is a close contact of local confirmed case 32 released on December 21st. On December 19, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the result of nucleic acid test was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 62,Male, 42 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, I went to the fever clinic of the hospital to detect nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. The result of nucleic acid test was positive that day, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 63,Female, 40 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22nd, I went to the fever clinic of the hospital to test the nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. On that day, the nucleic acid test result was positive, and it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 64,Male, 32 years old, now lives in weiyang district, Xi ‘an. During the control period, the nucleic acid detection was abnormal on December 21st. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 65,Female, 58 years old, now lives in Lianhu District, Xi ‘an. As a key population, it was concentrated and isolated on December 20. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 66,Female, 25 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 21, he took the initiative to participate in nucleic acid testing, and was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 67,Male, 30 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. I took part in the nucleic acid test on December 21st, and the abnormal results were isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 68,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, I went to the fever clinic of the hospital to test nucleic acid, and the result was abnormal. The result of nucleic acid test was positive that day. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 69,Male, 56 years old, now lives in Baota District, Yan ‘an City. On December 22, in the nucleic acid screening of key population, the results of nucleic acid detection were abnormal. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (common type) in COVID-19 by a municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 70,Male, 15 years old, now lives in Weicheng District, Xianyang City. As a key population, during the control period. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 71,Female, 38 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of 8 confirmed local cases. On December 21, sampling was carried out at the nucleic acid sampling point. On December 22, he was isolated as a close contact, and the nucleic acid test result was positive that day. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 72,Male, 58 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. Samples were taken from the nucleic acid sampling point on December 19th, and the nucleic acid results were positive on December 20th, and then centralized isolation was conducted. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 73,Female, 34 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. The results of nucleic acid screening in key population were abnormal on December 21st. On December 22, it was centralized and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 74,Male, 46 years old, lives in Huyi District, Xi ‘an, and is a close contact of 10 confirmed local cases. On December 22, it was isolated and the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 75,Female, 73 years old, now lives in Qujiang New District, Yanta District, Xi ‘an. The community has been closed for management. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 76,Male, 39 years old, now living in beilin district, Xi ‘an, is a close contact of the local confirmed case 25 released on December 22nd. On December 22, it was isolated and the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 77,Male, 42 years old, now lives in beilin district, Xi ‘an. As a key population, it is concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 78,Female, 40 years old, now lives in Chang ‘an District, Xi ‘an. On December 22, he took the initiative to go to the hospital to do nucleic acid, and then he was kept under observation. The nucleic acid test result was positive that day. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 79,Male, 33 years old, now lives in weiyang district, Xi ‘an. On December 21, I took the initiative to go to the hospital for nucleic acid testing, and the results were abnormal. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　80 locally confirmed cases,Male, 35 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. As a key population, it was concentrated and isolated on December 21. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 81,Female, 37 years old, now lives in Xixian New Area, Xi ‘an. During the period of home control as a key population on December 22, the results of nucleic acid detection were abnormal. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 82,Female, 1 year old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 83,Male, 8 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 20, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 84,Female, 25 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 85,Male, 38 years old, now lives in Yanta District, Xi ‘an. On December 21, as a key population, it was concentrated and isolated. On December 22nd, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　Locally confirmed cases 86,Female, 30 years old, now lives in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone. On December 20, I took the initiative to go to the nucleic acid detection point for nucleic acid detection, and I was concentrated and isolated because of abnormal results. On December 21st, the nucleic acid test result was positive. On December 23rd, it was diagnosed as a confirmed case (light) in COVID-19 by the municipal expert group.

　　The activity tracks of the above-mentioned local confirmed cases were released by Xi ‘an, Xianyang and Yan ‘an.

　　By 8: 00 on December 23rd, a total of 498 confirmed cases (236 in hospital, 259 discharged and 3 dead) had been reported.

　　As of 24: 00 on December 22, a total of 463 confirmed cases imported from abroad were reported, 447 cases were discharged and 16 cases were in hospital. A total of 446 asymptomatic infected persons imported from abroad were reported, 52 cases were confirmed, 373 cases were released from medical observation, and 21 cases were asymptomatic infected persons still under medical observation.

CCTV News:The reporter learned from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on December 6 that China will adopt more policies and measures to increase the cooperation between the two major industries of automobiles and integrated circuits, aim at the continuous efforts of automobile chips, and further promote the high-quality development of the industry.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that the automobile is an important carrier of multi-technology centralized application and cross-domain integration and innovation. A car consists of more than 20,000 large and small parts, and the chip occupying the smallest space is an indispensable core device of the car. China will increase the cooperation between the automobile and integrated circuit industries to ensure the safety and stability of the automobile chip industry chain, and at the same time promote high-level international open cooperation.

The reporter learned that China has built an online docking platform for supply and demand, researched and set up special insurance products for automobile chips, compiled guidelines for the construction of automobile chip standard system, and taken various measures to ensure the safety and stability of the automobile chip industry chain. Experts from China Automobile Industry Association said that with the accelerated iteration of automotive electrification, intelligence and networking technology, the usage, value and importance of chips are increasing, and China has the ability to cultivate the corresponding automobile chip industry.

Ministry of Transport: Accelerate the construction of smart ports and smart waterways.

Recently, the Ministry of Transport issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Smart Ports and Smart Waterways (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions). By 2027, China will build a number of world-class smart ports and smart waterways.

The "Opinions" clarify that it is necessary to play a leading role in the pilot work of building a strong transportation country and promote the construction of a number of smart ports and smart waterway demonstration projects. Deepen the pilot application of intelligent transportation, and continue to support the pilot of horizontal container transportation and automatic driving of collection and distribution in ports. At the same time, transportation authorities at all levels should actively strive for policy support for the construction of smart ports and smart waterways, and promote the establishment of a diversified fund guarantee mechanism. Strengthen the protection of talents, and promote the construction of various talent teams such as planning, consulting, design, construction, operation and network security of smart ports and smart waterways. And carry out follow-up evaluation on the completion of the target and the implementation of the task.

At present, the construction of smart ports and smart waterways in China still faces some problems and shortcomings. For example, the depth and breadth of digital intelligent application need to be expanded, the level of self-control of key core technologies needs to be further improved, the standardization and market promotion of terminal production management systems are still insufficient, the information interaction of multi-step shiplocks is not smooth, and the degree of intelligent waterway maintenance management is not high.

According to the Opinions, by 2027, the digitalization of port and waterway infrastructure, the level of production, operation and management, and the intelligence of external services will be comprehensively improved, and a number of world-class smart ports and smart waterways will be built. Intelligent perception networks have been basically built for containers of 100,000 tons and above in international hub seaports, bulk cargo terminals, high-grade inland waterways such as Yangtze River trunk lines and Xijiang shipping trunk lines. Construction and renovation of a number of automated container terminals and dry bulk terminals. Comprehensively improve the electronicization rate of major port operation documents. Accelerate the construction of inland river electronic waterway map, basically realize the joint dispatching of inter-provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) waterways in navigation structure, and comprehensively improve the intelligent level of public information services of inland river high-grade waterways.

Further consolidate and enhance the international dominant position of textile industry

Recently, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration of Markets jointly issued the Implementation Plan for Upgrading and Upgrading the Textile Industry (2023— 2025). The plan proposes that by 2025, substantial progress will be made in the construction of a modern textile industry system, the operating income of textile enterprises above designated size will increase steadily, the quality and efficiency of development will remain at a good level, and the international dominant position of the textile industry will be further consolidated and enhanced.

According to the plan, by 2025, the innovation capability of textile industry will be continuously enhanced, and the investment intensity of R&D funds of textile enterprises above designated size will reach 1.3%. Intelligent manufacturing has been accelerated, and 70% of textile enterprises above designated size have basically realized digital networking. The industrial structure is more optimized, and the self-sufficiency rate of high-performance fibers, high-end textile equipment and strategic industrial textiles basically meets the demand. Brand building has been further promoted, and 20 world-renowned corporate brands and regional brands have been formed, and the fashion leading power has been further enhanced. The green and low-carbon recycling development system has been improved, the consumption of energy and water resources per unit industrial added value has been further reduced, the emission intensity of major pollutants has been continuously reduced, and the quality and scale of recycling of waste textiles have been continuously improved.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the announcement of the third batch of national livestock and poultry genetic resources protection units

Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the announcement of the third batch of national livestock and poultry genetic resources protection units, and 10 newly identified livestock and poultry genetic resources protection units were included in the national livestock and poultry genetic resources protection system.

These 10 protection units of livestock and poultry genetic resources include 8 conservation farms, 1 reserve and 1 gene bank. Among them, seven national-level livestock and poultry genetic resources conservation farms, protected areas and tussah gene banks, including Lanzhou big-tailed sheep, Minxian black fur sheep, Leizhou goat, Chakou Yima, Jinyang silky fowl, short-legged fowl and Minqing hairy fowl, have been established for the first time. So far, the national livestock and poultry genetic resources protection system has achieved full coverage of 159 national-level livestock and poultry genetic resources protection varieties.

Since 2021, the agricultural and rural areas have identified 227 national-level livestock and poultry genetic resources protection units in three batches, including 191 seed conservation farms, 25 protected areas and 11 gene banks, covering 159 national-level livestock and poultry genetic resources protection varieties and artificially bred silkworms and tussahs, and defining the protection subjects of each variety one by one.

The National Development and Reform Commission released the first batch of peak carbon dioxide emissions pilot lists.

On December 6th, the National Development and Reform Commission announced that 25 cities including Zhangjiakou and 10 parks including Changzhi High-tech Industrial Development Zone were the first batch of pilot cities and parks in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

According to the deployment of "peak carbon dioxide emissions Action Plan before 2030", the central government will increase its support for local governments to promote peak carbon dioxide emissions, select a number of typical cities and parks to carry out pilot construction in peak carbon dioxide emissions, give support to pilot cities and parks in terms of policies, funds and technology, accelerate the transformation of green and low carbon, and provide operational, replicable and popularized experiences and practices for the whole country. The first batch of pilot cities and parks are located in 15 provinces and regions including Jiangsu, Henan, Heilongjiang and Xinjiang. It is understood that pilot cities and parks should plan and put forward pilot construction tasks in key areas such as energy, industry, energy conservation, construction and transportation according to the "double carbon" work deployment of the country and the region.

　　Cctv newsOn April 23rd, 2020, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the development of intellectual property rights in China in 2019 and answer questions from reporters.

　　The reporter asked what new progress has been made in the construction of China’s intellectual property operation system in 2019.

　　Shen Changyu, director of China National Intellectual Property Administration, said that intellectual property work is a chain, which includes creation, protection, application, management and service. Creation is the source, application is the purpose, protection is the core and management is the key. Among them, application is a very important purpose of intellectual property, and it is a key link to promote the realization of intellectual property value and promote economic innovation and development. Relevant statistics show that in recent years, China’s comprehensive development index of intellectual property rights has been continuously improved, and the application of intellectual property rights has made remarkable progress.

　　In 2019, the number of patent transfer, licensing and pledge operations nationwide reached 307,000, a year-on-year increase of 21.3%. The amount of patent and trademark pledge financing reached 151.5 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%. The turnover of technology contracts involving intellectual property rights in China reached 928.69 billion yuan, up 137.7% year-on-year. A number of intellectual property operation projects and platforms are also accelerating. By the end of 2019, the number of key cities for the construction of intellectual property operation service system has increased to 26, and 9 national intellectual property operation platforms have listed 121,000 pieces of various intellectual property rights, with 284,000 registered users. The construction of intellectual property operation system has achieved new results.

　　The new Newcastle disease vaccine with gene VII is the first Newcastle disease vaccine with independent intellectual property rights in China, and it is also the first vaccine to effectively prevent and control Newcastle disease in geese, which can simultaneously prevent Newcastle disease in chickens and geese. At the beginning of this year, this achievement won the second prize of the National Technology Invention Award at the 2019 National Science and Technology Awards Conference.

　　Leading this work is Liu Xiufan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor at Yangzhou University. He believes that human health, animal health and ecological environment health are a whole, and we need to practice the concept of "one health".

　　Half a century of scientific research, "fighting" with animal diseases

　　Liu Xiufan, who is 79 years old this year, still shows amazing scientific research creativity. He graduated from Subei Agricultural College in 1965, majoring in veterinary medicine, and has been "fighting" with animal diseases for more than half a century.

　　One winter day in 1965, three cows "Baobei" of a production team in gaoyou county, Jiangsu Province suffered from organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, which made them seriously ill. After the diagnosis, Liu Xiufan, who just graduated and stayed in school, quickly removed the pesticides from the cattle and gave an antidote. A few days later, the poisoned cow recovered. "This is my first home visit after graduation. Simple farmers will not express their gratitude with too many words, but just hold my hand tightly and refuse to let go." Liu Xiufan said.

　　In 1980, Liu Xiufan was selected by the Ministry of Education to go to the United States for further study, and successively studied veterinary biotechnology at Michigan State University and the Poultry Research Institute of the US Department of Agriculture. "When I first arrived in the United States, the director of the International Exchange Center, who helped me with the formalities, saw my resume and said that you studied veterinary medicine, so he called me Doctor and called other visiting scholars Mister." It was only this little bit unusual that made Liu Xiufan feel very happy at that time: "In foreign countries, veterinary medicine is a very respected profession, and it is great to study veterinary medicine."

　　In addition to taking courses related to veterinary medicine, Liu Xiufan also specializes in the study of monoclonal antibodies against Marek’s disease in chickens. "In the end, I successfully developed a monoclonal antibody against Marek’s disease in chickens, which became the standard reagent for international serotyping." Liu Xiufan said that in less than three years after returning to China, he took the lead in applying monoclonal antibody technology to the research and control of animal diseases. "More than 100 kinds of monoclonal antibodies with different epitopes of seven pathogens such as Marek’s disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and avian influenza virus have been developed. The study of monoclonal antibodies not only fills the gap in China, but also reaches the advanced level of similar research in the world. "

　　"Newcastle disease, commonly known as chicken plague, is one of the two most serious infectious diseases that endanger the global poultry industry, just like highly pathogenic avian influenza." Liu Xiufan said that the incidence and mortality of Newcastle disease is as high as 100%, and it has been listed as a legally reported animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health.

　　Liu Xiufan said that vaccine immunization is an important method to prevent and control Newcastle disease. The infection rate of Newcastle disease virus in chickens in China is high, and all chickens are vaccinated at high frequency. The most widely used is the gene II LaSota vaccine introduced from abroad. "However, since the 1990s, the epidemic characteristics of Newcastle disease in China have changed greatly, and atypical Newcastle disease is still common in chickens vaccinated with LaSota vaccine at high frequency."

　　Grinding a sword in eighteen years to create the first Newcastle disease vaccine in China

　　In the late 1990s, Liu Xiufan’s team launched an epidemiological survey to conduct molecular epidemiological research on Newcastle disease virus in China.

　　"By analyzing the genotypes of more than 1,500 Newcastle disease virus isolates, we first discovered the genome length characteristics of Newcastle disease virus type VII, which proved that more than 95% of the virulent Newcastle disease viruses prevalent in chickens and geese are genotype VII, which has no host specificity and can be cross-infected." Liu Xiufan said.

　　Why does gene ⅶ Newcastle disease virus cause a serious epidemic? Liu Xiufan’s team further revealed the pathogenic mechanism of gene VII Newcastle disease virus. "Gene VII Newcastle disease virus will cause serious damage to the immune organs of chickens and geese, leading to their immunosuppression. The commonly used LaSota vaccine does not match the genotype and antigenicity of gene VII Newcastle disease virus, and its ability to clear the virus is weak, resulting in the frequent occurrence of atypical Newcastle disease in chickens and the outbreak of goose Newcastle disease. " After finding out the culprit, developing a new vaccine as soon as possible has become a top priority for Liu Xiufan.

　　Since 2001, from more than 200 epidemic strains of Newcastle disease virus type VII, the team has screened and obtained a strain with high reproductive titer, strong immunogenicity and good cross-protection in chicken embryos as a donor, constructed an infectious clone containing the full-length genome of the strain, and pioneered the reverse genetic technology platform for directly weakening the virulent Newcastle disease virus type VII in the world, breaking through the technical bottleneck that conventional means cannot weaken the virulent Newcastle disease virus type VII.

　　In 2006, Liu Xiufan’s team successfully invented gene VII Newcastle disease vaccine strain A-NDV-VII, which is the first gene VII vaccine strain in the world and the first Newcastle disease vaccine strain with independent intellectual property rights in China. Compared with the performance parameters of the international common vaccine strain LaSota, the vaccine strain has weaker virulence and better immunogenicity, the titer of antibody produced after immunization is more than 4 times, and the virus removal ability is more than 10 times. It can be used not only for chickens but also for geese. "When the vaccine strain is created, we have the’ seed’ to develop the vaccine." Liu Xiufan said with a smile.

　　Using the invented attenuated strain A-NDV-VII as seed virus, the team developed the first registered inactivated vaccine of Newcastle disease virus type VII in the world, which solved the major problem of Newcastle disease prevention and control in chickens and geese in China. In 2014, the vaccine obtained the national first-class new veterinary drug certificate. Since its introduction, the vaccine has produced and sold a total of 7.51 billion feathers, which has been popularized and applied in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, increasing the efficiency of aquaculture enterprises by more than 5 billion yuan and achieving remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits. "We should treat the health of the ecological environment as a whole." Liu Xiufan said.

　　Human beings have gained experience in the struggle against previous plagues.

　　The history of mankind is also a history of fighting the plague. Liu Xiufan said that in history, smallpox, plague, flu and other plagues have claimed hundreds of millions of lives and caused painful disasters to mankind. In the struggle against previous plagues, mankind has gained valuable experience and defeated the epidemic. In recent years, the emerging Nipah virus, SARS virus, MERS virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have attracted great attention and attention. "We may face new viruses in the future."

　　"When dealing with a new virus, we must first take quick emergency measures to control and eliminate the source of infection, cut off the route of virus transmission, protect susceptible groups, and prevent the spread of the virus from expanding." Liu Xiufan said that at the same time, it is necessary to systematically carry out epidemiological research, pathogenic mechanism and immune mechanism research, and carry out joint research to develop new diagnostic methods and effective prevention and control products.

　　Liu Xiufan said that the H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus that appeared after 2013 infected people. The virus was the product of multiple subtype avian influenza viruses, and its internal genes were all derived from H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus. "Although the probability of infection with avian influenza virus in the exposed population is very low, we must strengthen the monitoring of avian influenza virus to prevent the virus from mutating and spreading from person to person, triggering a new influenza epidemic. Therefore, the control of avian influenza is not only economically important, but also plays an important role in public health. "

　　Meeting point reporter Wang Tuo correspondent Lu.

foreword

It has been more than three years since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic; It has been two years since the establishment of the National CDC in May 2021.

Before May, there was little news about the establishment and promotion of provincial disease control bureaus, and the overall work progress was very slow. However, in May this year, especially in the recent period, under the pressure and urging of the relevant state departments, many provinces put up the brands of the disease prevention and control bureaus of their respective provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government before the deadline.

This series of actions and information gives us the feeling that "the brand should be hung out first, and the requirements of this time node should be completed before deadline. As for the three-set plan, internal organization, specific work and other contents, let’s wait for the next node to talk about it slowly. As for the reform of the disease control system, who knows?"

挂个牌子也许是疾控局成立，或者说疾控体系改革最简单的内容了，可是然后呢？疾控体系改革就结束了？疾控体系改革就这些吗？

当然不是，疾控体系改革任重道远，道阻且长，目前疾控体系改革尚没有看到太多的实质性进展，疾控局的成立只是个开始。

疾控体系改革必须以解决其存在的4个主要问题——能力不强、机制不活、动力不足、防治不紧密为导向。这是一个艰难的过程，我们只能在不断的探索和实践中寻找最适合我们的那条疾病预防控制的健康之路。

01、国家疾控局成立过程 　

我们首先把时间拨回新冠疫情发生后的第一个全国两会，2020年全国两会。

2020年5月24日下午，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在参加十三届全国人大三次会议湖北代表团审议时强调，防范化解重大疫情和突发公共卫生风险，事关国家安全和发展，事关社会政治大局稳定。要坚持整体谋划、系统重塑、全面提升，改革疾病预防控制体系，提升疫情监测预警和应急响应能力，健全重大疫情救治体系，完善公共卫生应急法律法规，深入开展爱国卫生运动，着力从体制机制层面理顺关系、强化责任。

In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, on April 28th, 2021, the State Council appointed and dismissed national staff, and appointed Wang Hesheng, deputy director of the National Health and Wellness Commission, as the director of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention. Subsequently, the National CDC was established, and it took nearly a year before the "three-set plan" of the National CDC was released.

Established by listing:On May 13th, 2021, the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention was officially listed, which belongs to the deputy ministerial level managed by National Health Commission. It will be responsible for formulating policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and public health supervision, guiding the construction of disease prevention and control system, planning and guiding the construction of epidemic monitoring and early warning system, guiding the construction of scientific research system for disease control, public health supervision and management, and supervision of infectious diseases, which means that the functions of disease control institutions have changed from simply preventing and controlling diseases to comprehensively maintaining and promoting the health of the whole population.

The "three-set plan" was announced:On February 16th, 2022, China Organization Network published the Provisions on the Functional Allocation, Internal Structure and Staffing of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention and the Notice of the General Office of the State Council, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on Adjusting the Functional Allocation, Internal Structure and Staffing of the National Health and Wellness Committee on February 16th, making it clear that the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention is a national bureau under the management of the National Health and Wellness Committee and is a vice-ministerial unit. At the same time, it stipulates the function allocation, internal structure and staffing of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, and adjusts the internal structure of the National Health and Wellness Committee.

It only took more than three months for the national medical insurance bureau to go from listing to "three decisions"And in the "transition period" of more than three months, we also made high-profile actions: centralized collection of anticancer drugs and medical insurance access negotiations, management of medicines and medical behaviors, and investigation of management of high-value medical consumables, which frequently caused waves in the industry, and we can’t wait for the announcement of the three-set plan to start the reform process.

The overall progress of the National CDC is in sharp contrast with it:It has been nearly nine months since the listing of the National CDC to the announcement of the final plan, and in these nine months, except for the addition of a deputy director, there is almost no official action of any institution.

02、Establishment process of provincial disease control bureaus 　

At the beginning of the establishment of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Province took the lead in announcing the overall framework for the establishment of provincial, municipal and county disease control bureaus: "Systematically promote the reform of the province’s disease control and prevention system; Establish a provincial-level disease prevention and control bureau, and set up municipal and county-level disease prevention and control bureaus based on the health and health departments at the same level. " In August 2021, Fujian Provincial Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention (to be established) was unveiled in Fuzhou.

In addition, there was almost no progress in the provinces. Until this May, due to various factors, the "deadline" was finally determined.The provincial disease control bureaus are required to complete the listing before the end of May.. Ever since, almost every day, provinces have announced the listing of CDC, and the listing of CDC in various places has accelerated.

It is expected that at the request of relevant departments, the "three-set plan" of the disease control bureaus in cities, counties and districts throughout the province and the disease control bureaus may also be set within 2 months.

03、The ideas and responsibilities of setting up the CDC have been basically clear. 　

Country:The National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention was established. The National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention is a national bureau managed by the National Health and Wellness Committee, with 170 administrative staff at the deputy ministerial level. There are 1 director, 4 deputy directors and 32 deputy directors. There are 10 departments, including comprehensive department, planning, finance and regulation department, monitoring and early warning department, emergency response department, infectious disease prevention and control department, health and immunization planning department, comprehensive supervision department I, comprehensive supervision department II, science, technology, education and international cooperation department (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan office) and government party committee (personnel department).

Provincial level:According to the central model, the provincial CDC is established, which is generally the deputy department level with different offices, and the director of the CDC is also the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission.

Cities and counties:Under normal circumstances, there is a CDC in the Health and Health Commission, and the director of the CDC is also the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission at the same level.

From the perspective of responsibilities, the main responsibilities of the provincial CDC include:To organize the formulation of draft regulations, policies, plans and standards for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and public health supervision; Leading the professional work of disease control institutions at all levels in the province, organizing the implementation of the national immunization program, overall planning and supervising the disease control work of infectious disease medical institutions and other medical institutions; Planning and guiding the construction of an epidemic monitoring and early warning system for infectious diseases, and being responsible for the work related to the epidemic response of infectious diseases; Cooperate to guide the construction of scientific research system for disease control; Responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, environmental sanitation, school sanitation, public place sanitation, drinking water sanitation supervision and management, occupational hygiene and radiation hygiene supervision.

Judging from the public information, the positions of "chief officers" of provincial CDC can be roughly divided into two categories:In some areas, the former responsible comrades of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention were promoted to the director of the Bureau of Disease Control and entered the party group of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, and in some areas, the responsible comrades of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee who were in charge of disease control and prevention were held.

04、There is not much substantial progress in the reform of disease control system. 　

At least for now, there is no substantial progress in the reform of the disease control system.

The listing of CDC has little to do with the main problems of China’s centers for disease control and prevention at present. The establishment of CDC is to sort out the disease prevention and control system to a greater extent, or even to reorganize and adjust the functions within the health care system.There is still a lot of room for efforts to meet the requirements of "persisting in overall planning, reshaping the system, comprehensively improving and reforming the disease prevention and control system".

However, the establishment of the CDC can be regarded as the beginning of the reform of the CDC system. Straightening out the system and mechanism, clarifying the functional orientation, speeding up the reform of the CDC institutions at the provincial, municipal and county levels, solving the main problems existing in the CDC system, and speeding up the improvement of the CDC system have become the next key tasks and tasks put forward by all localities.

At the same time, we can also see that even if there is not much substantive content, it is more about the adjustment and adequacy of departmental functions. The establishment process of the National CDC and local CDC has been slow and difficult, and the reform of the entire CDC system can be imagined.

05、Four key issues in the reform of disease control system 　

Many people inside and outside the industry have said that China’s disease control system has problems such as low treatment and serious brain drain, but in the final analysis,At present, there are four main problems in the prevention and control system of physical diseases in China: weak ability, inflexible mechanism, insufficient motivation and loose prevention and control.

Therefore, in order to make substantial progress in the reform of disease control system, we must start with these four main problems.

1, the ability is not strong

Question:

The ability is not strong, and we don’t have to admit that the ability of disease control system is not strong, especially in some districts and counties, the overall ability is generally not strong, and the personal ability is generally weak.

Because of insufficient preparation or because of the positioning and treatment of grassroots disease control, it is impossible to recruit highly educated talents, resulting in fewer grassroots disease control personnel and fewer professional business personnel, which leads to poor overall ability. Secondly, from the perspective of personal ability, many people’s business ability is also relatively general. A CDC with strong ability is often one or two people, and then more tasks can only be pressed on the shoulders of these two people, resulting inCapable people are busier and don’t get much, and those who can’t are more idle and more chaotic..

Ideas:

The disease control system should have a set of assessment and evaluation mechanism in line with its own reality, which must be operable, and then be assessed regularly. Of course, it needs to be clear,This assessment is not only for the staff of the CDC, but also for every link of the CDC system.From the staff of community health service centers to the staff of medical institutions who are responsible for the online reporting of infectious diseases and the corresponding responsibilities of public health, from the staff of CDC to the staff of CDC, the staff of CDC should be assessed accordingly.

The assessment content should include the completion of the government’s public health functions and public welfare tasks undertaken by disease control institutions at all levels, the completion of the guidance and supervision tasks undertaken by regional medical institutions, and the improvement of residents’ health indicators in the jurisdiction. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the application of assessment results, and take the assessment results as an important basis for the appointment and dismissal of personnel, the evaluation of the first, the total salary and the approval of reward performance in CDC, and link them with the performance, further study and promotion of CDC staff.

All of the above, if gradually promoted and formed a set of practical things, will be very effective for the improvement of the overall system capacity, of course, this process is very difficult.

2, the mechanism is not alive

Question:

Because the disease control system is a part of the system to a large extent, this leads to many restrictions, unlike companies in a market economy, which are flexible and efficient.

Ideas:

First of all, it needs to be explained that the disease control system will never completely become a company under the market economy, which is determined by its nature. However, it is still possible to learn from each other’s strengths, and the purpose is to make the development of disease control system, especially human resources for disease control, become living water.

As implemented in some areasThe system of "chief public health expert" is a good example.The system of "chief public health experts" can be implemented for disease control at least above the municipal level, and the chief public health experts of epidemic disease, exemption from regulations, virus and disinfection are selected in a scientific and reasonable way. This is one of the measures to strengthen the construction of public health talents, provide talent guarantee for the construction of public health system, set up "chief experts" for disease control based on scientific research, talents and foreign exchanges, and build "hard power" for disease control personnel.

On March 31st, at the provincial conference on disease prevention and control system in 2023, Hao Yibin, director of Henan CDC, said:

At present, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province is setting up a chief expert system, which encourages senior experts with rich experience in scientific research and business management to be full-time "chief public health experts" by enjoying favorable conditions such as retaining the original administrative post treatment and special retirement and re-employment policy, empowering inter-departmental scientific research teams and providing sufficient scientific research funds.

In addition, should be established.Practice-oriented evaluation mechanism of public health talents, the implementation of classified assessment. Promote and strengthen the cooperation between disease control institutions at all levels and the college of public health in personnel training, personnel mutual employment, platform co-construction, data sharing, etc., create a demonstration base for public health personnel training in cooperation between schools and localities, and jointly cultivate applied professionals in public health.

At the same time, we should also increase the decision-making power of disease control institutions at all levels, reform the evaluation criteria of professional titles, and reasonably increase the proportion of middle and senior positions in disease control institutions. Improve the system of public health doctors, cultivate and expand the team of public health doctors, and explore giving public health doctors the right to prescribe.

3. Lack of motivation:

Question:

To put it bluntly, the disease control system is too poor and the income is too low. This is the root of many problems, because the income is low, so we can’t attract talents and can’t keep talents, so our ability is not strong; Because of the low income, more work and less work, they gradually began to muddle along and began to make no progress.

Ideas:

Tianjin CDC, Wuhan CDC, etc. have publicized the foreign services that they can charge for. For example, Tianjin CDC has launched 72 foreign technical services, which can provide a variety of health services for individuals and families, and provide entrusted testing services (23) and public health technical services (49) for the government and relevant departments, enterprises and institutions, and social organizations.

The project specifically includes the detection of water, air, food, etc.Communication and defense officeIt can provide technical support and policy consultation related to infectious disease prevention and control, theme planning activities of health science popularization day related to infectious disease prevention and control, and production of health science popularization videos.Exemption officeCan provide vaccination related policy advice and technical support, vaccination knowledge training. All these provide ideas for other disease control institutions.

The reform of disease control should explore and promote the "first-class security and second-class management" and implement it in detail.Two permits",allowing disease control institutions to break through the current wage control level of public institutions, allowing medical and health technical services to be provided on the basis of completing the approved tasks, and further stimulating the endogenous motivation of disease control institutions. While implementing the policy of full financial security, we should establish a new operating mechanism that combines security with incentives and conforms to the characteristics of disease control institutions, give them internal distribution autonomy and stimulate their operational vitality.

4, prevention and control is not close

Question:

To tell the truth, this is the most difficult to solve. Even after the establishment of the CDC, the separation between prevention and treatment may be more serious.This seems to be seen from the monitoring of the new crown infection virus.

Ideas:

For disease prevention and control, if prevention and control are to be closer,It is necessary to make clear the responsibilities that all kinds of medical institutions and medical administration departments at all levels should and must undertake in disease prevention and control.At the same time, the mechanism of personnel communication, information communication, resources communication and supervision and supervision is also established between disease control and medical care, and the disease control work is promoted to be included in the performance appraisal content of medical and health institutions.

In addition, it is necessary to establish an innovative supervision, assessment and evaluation mechanism for disease control institutions to medical institutions, and explore the establishment of a full-time and part-time disease control supervisor system in medical and health institutions to supervise the development of disease prevention and control, and urge the implementation of reporting responsibilities for infectious diseases and public health emergencies. For example, whether the infected cases in COVID-19 were reported realistically, such as whether fever of unknown origin was reported in time.

The reform of disease control system has a long way to go, and all key measures of reform and development must be supported by governments at all levels and relevant departments before they can take effect.

Everything has just begun, and China’s disease control system needs to focus on the long-term, overall planning, layout of the future, and embark on a road of public health governance with China characteristics.

write　| CDC disease control person

Proofreading　|　Gddra　

read and edit　|　Hide / Blue sea

Edit design　|　　Alice