CCTV News:At present, 400,000 mu of vegetables in Gushi County, Henan Province have also reached the harvest season. Relying on the development of vegetable industry, the local area has driven farmers to increase their income and increase market supply.

In a vegetable planting base in Gushi County, Henan Province, 40 greenhouses cover a total area of more than 60 mu and supply vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and beans all the year round. According to technicians, this kind of fruit cucumber is very popular at present, with high yield and good economic benefits.

In recent years, the local government has built a high-quality and efficient vegetable industry according to local conditions, and constantly promoted the large-scale, intensive and standardized development of the vegetable industry. At present, the vegetable planting area in the county is 400,000 mu, and the vegetable industry has become a characteristic industry for local farmers to increase their income.

April 23, 2014, vaccine storage and transportation place-cold chain construction system-Beijing Sankangdele North District Operation Center. Vision china diagram

On April 13th, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China presided over the the State Council executive meeting, listened to the report on the investigation and handling of a series of cases of illegal operation of vaccines in Jinan, Shandong Province, decided to hold a group of responsible persons accountable first, and discussed and passed in principle the Decision of the State Council on Amending the Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination (Draft) (hereinafter referred to as the revised draft).

The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) noted that,The revised draft has greatly adjusted the circulation mode of the second type of vaccine, canceled the link of drug wholesale enterprises to operate vaccines, and handed over the second type of vaccine to the provincial disease control department for centralized procurement.

On the evening of April 13th, Mingde Yu, former director of the Finance and Circulation Department of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and now president of China Pharmaceutical Enterprise Management Association and China Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs Association, told The Paper that canceling the vaccine wholesale business would shorten the circulation chain and reduce the number of monitored objects, which would help to enhance the monitoring effect.

Song Hualin, a professor at Nankai University Law School who has long been concerned about vaccine supervision, said,On the one hand, the revised draft indicates that in the future, the sales price of the second-class vaccine will be more transparent from the factory to the final inoculation, and the space for the disease control department to increase the price and profit will become smaller; On the other hand, in the past, the disease control department had to make money by selling the second-class vaccines. This revised draft included the funds of the disease control department in full in the budget, which increased the public welfare attribute of the disease control department and curbed its profit-seeking motivation.

Reduce circulation links and reduce the difficulty of management and control.

On April 13th, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council released a message explaining the revision of the Regulations.

The news pointed out that in view of the long circulation chain and large profit-making space of the second-class vaccine exposed in the case, the draft deleted the provisions of the Regulations that pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises can operate vaccines after approval, and compared the voluntarily vaccinated second-class vaccines with the first-class vaccines used in the national immunization program, all of them were included in the provincial public resource trading platform for centralized procurement, and pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises were no longer allowed to operate vaccines.

In addition, in view of hidden illegal business practices such as "hanging tickets", the draft stipulates that disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units should establish true and complete records of purchase, storage, distribution, supply and receipt in accordance with regulations, so that tickets, accounts, goods and payments are consistent.

"Ticketing" is a slang word in the vaccine industry, which means that an individual who can find a vaccine is affiliated with a pharmaceutical production or wholesale enterprise and sells vaccines (drugs) to medical institutions by himself. When necessary, the affiliated pharmaceutical production or wholesale enterprises shall provide business licenses, pharmaceutical business licenses, etc., implement public-to-public transfer transactions, and finally divide them into shares.

On the evening of the 13th, Mingde Yu, president of China Pharmaceutical Enterprise Management Association and China Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs Association, told The Paper: "Pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises are no longer allowed to operate vaccines, the circulation chain of the second-class vaccines is obviously shortened, and the number of monitored objects is reduced, all of which are conducive to enhancing the monitoring effect." Mingde Yu said that the number of pharmaceutical wholesale companies operating vaccines is also very large, and it is very difficult to control them. The revised draft specifies that the second-class vaccines will be directly sent to the disease control department by the production enterprises according to the management of the first-class vaccines. This process is a planned management method, which is convenient for concentrating on strengthening control.

Song Hualin, a professor at Nankai University Law School, also believes that the elimination of drug wholesale enterprises from the vaccine circulation link will reduce the vaccine circulation process and play a certain role in solving the problems of "extracorporeal circulation" of the second-class vaccine.

"In the past, vaccine manufacturers could sell second-class vaccines to wholesale enterprises or directly to disease control departments; Wholesale enterprises can also sell vaccines to other wholesale enterprises or directly to the disease control department; The disease control department can also sell the second-class vaccine to the lower-level disease control departments and vaccination units. " Song Hualin said that the second-class vaccine illegally flowed into the hands of some people who actually had no vaccine business qualifications, which was partly caused by the cumbersome circulation of vaccines.

Increase the public welfare attributes of disease control departments and curb their profit-seeking motives.

"It’s not that the vaccine is removed from the circulation enterprises, and the vaccine will sit back and relax in the future, absolutely not." Mingde Yu said,Driven by interests, even if the circulation mode of vaccines is changed, it is also necessary to prevent some personnel in the disease control department from taking risks to buy and sell vaccines for personal gain. "So the system depends on supervision.No matter how good the system is, some people try to seek personal gain, but when the legal system is sound, there is less room for them to rent and less chance for them to succeed. "

However, during the revision of the Regulations, the National Health and Family Planning Commission also released information that it will ensure the implementation of the staffing of disease control institutions at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the Guiding Opinions of the Central Organizing Committee, the Ministry of Finance and the Health and Family Planning Commission on the Organization Standards for Disease Control and Prevention. The personnel funds, public funds and business funds of disease control institutions should be fully included in the budget, and the part with insufficient financial input should be carefully verified and guaranteed by the finance at the same level. Scientifically verify the total performance salary of disease control institutions and implement dynamic adjustment. Establish a scientific and reasonable performance appraisal and performance salary distribution system. Scientifically check and approve the storage and transportation fees of the second kind of vaccine in county-level disease control institutions and the standards of vaccination service fees for vaccination units.

Song Hualin also believes that reducing the circulation link does not mean that there is no risk, and how to control it will be faced in the future.

Song Hualin said that it is not difficult to see from the information released by the National Health and Family Planning Commission that the norms and constraints on the disease control departments were obviously insufficient in terms of legal provisions and implementation status. Institutions are divided into public welfare category I and public welfare category II. One category is completely public welfare, and all expenses are fully funded by the government, including undertaking compulsory services, compulsory education, basic scientific research, public health, etc. Disease control belongs to public welfare category I..

"On the one hand, vaccine manufacturers should be required to standardize quality management behaviors, and enterprises should ensure that the corresponding sales records are true and complete while self-checking; On the other hand, in order to increase the public welfare nature of the disease control department, in the past, the disease control department had to increase financial support, curb its profit-seeking motivation and standardize its operating procedures in order to make money by selling the second-class vaccine.. Song Hualin said that this is also the reason why the funds of the disease control department should be included in the budget in full in the revised draft, that is, to ensure the funds of the disease control institutions and not to make profits.

Song Hualin said that the approval of the storage and transportation fees of the second type of vaccine and the vaccination service fee standards of vaccination units indicates that the sales price of the second type of vaccine will be more transparent from the factory to the final vaccination.

　　　　 Apple will launch a curved screen phone in 2017.

　　It is reported that Apple will launch a new three-piece iPhone next year, one of which is a curved screen model similar to Samsung Galaxy S7 mobile phone. According to informed sources, this curved screen model has two styles: 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch. The 5.5-inch model has a dual camera system, while the 4.7-inch model has only one lens. People familiar with the matter did not explicitly mention OLED technology, but OLED technology is essential to realize curved screens. For example, Galaxy S7 Edge uses Super AMOLED panel. It is unclear whether the other two iPhone use OLED screens or continue to use traditional low-temperature polysilicon panels.

　　Microsoft acquired Genee, an artificial intelligence itinerary technology company.

　　On August 23, local time, Microsoft announced that it had signed an acquisition agreement with Genee, an artificial intelligence itinerary service startup. At present, the specific transaction amount was not disclosed. Microsoft will integrate its artificial intelligence technology into office 365. Genee’s service will be shut down on September 1st, and two founders, Ben Cheung and Charles Lee, will join Microsoft. It is reported that Genee, founded in 2014, is a conference scheduling service company based on artificial intelligence algorithm. Its service can effectively simplify the complicated links of meeting arrangements, especially for large-scale meeting arrangements. According to Crunchbase’s data, Genee had completed $1.4 million in financing before it was acquired.

　　Pokémon Go has been updated to increase the fighting skills of elves.

　　On August 22nd, local time, the official Facebook of Pokémon Go game posted that the Android version and the iOS version of the game had been updated on the same day. The article said: "Now players can learn attack and defense skills from the team leader and decide which pet has the strongest fighting power." That is to say, the same elves have different combat effectiveness due to different technical parameters. In addition, the game has increased the strategy, and players can arrange their troops to maximize the fighting capacity of their elf team. As a game that has just appeared for two months, Pokémon Go’s update behavior can better attract players. Niantic, the game developer, said that there will be more updates worth looking forward to after Pokémon Go.

　　Facebook tests the new function of automatic video playback, which can be played silently.

　　On August 23, local time, Facebook confirmed that the company is testing the automatic video playback application software for iOS and Android. When users check the rolling news, they can set the automatic video playback mode. When playing video, users can switch to silent mode or normal mode, and they can also choose to play the video silently, but play it with sound in a specific part. Although 80% of users reacted negatively to this setting and advertisers were not optimistic about this design, Facebook is still testing it. At present, this function is only promoted in Australia.

　　Android Pay launches NFC integration function to pay without scanning.

　　Electronic payment is becoming more and more common in our life, and Android Pay launched by Google is one of them. Now Google has also launched NFC integration function based on Android Pay. Walgreen chain store is the first merchant to support the integrated function of Android Pay NFC. Users don’t need to carry the store card with them, and they don’t need the cashier to scan and pay for their mobile phones. Just scan the mobile phone near the mobile payment terminal in the store and tap it twice to complete the payment. This payment process is much simpler than before, and Google said that it will continue to promote this payment function.

　　Best Buy’s share price soared 15% before the market, and its revenue exceeded analysts’ forecast.

　　It is reported that Best Buy’s share price rose by 15% before the market closed in the second quarter, and its financial results in the second quarter far exceeded analysts’ expectations. The financial report shows that the company’s net profit in the second fiscal quarter was 198 million US dollars, compared with 164 million US dollars in the same period last year; Operating income was $8.533 billion, better than the analyst’s expectation of $8.392 billion. The company’s market share in many products has increased. Hubert Joly, CEO of the company, said that the company’s online sales continued to be strong, with a growth rate of nearly 24% for the second consecutive quarter. The company expects the adjusted earnings per share in the third quarter to be 43-47 cents, and analysts expect 45 cents.

　　IBM Releases Flash Memory System for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

　　On August 23, local time, IBM released a flash memory system suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises, hoping to compete with or replace competitors through flash memory. IBM’s new Storwize V7000F and Storwize 5030F are mid-range flash memory systems and entry-level flash memory systems respectively. Storwize V7000F has higher performance and can support more cluster management data. Both flash memory systems are equipped with Spectrum Virtualize, which can compress data and so on. Generally speaking, IBM hopes that the new flash memory system can support the workload from SQL Server to MySQL on the Internet of Things. It is reported that the price of the new flash memory system starts at $19,000.

　　Amazon plans to launch discount music streaming subscription service.

　　Amazon recently plans to launch a subscription service for music streaming media, which is expected to cost $4 to $5 per month, and only users of Amazon Echo speakers can enjoy this service. Prior to this, Amazon Prime already had a subscription service for music streaming media. Prime music can make users who subscribe for the whole year play songs of any singer, but the only drawback is that compared with competitors, the music catalog is slightly limited. And Echo music will improve this. Echo Music will provide advertising-free music with a wide range of directories, but it can only work on Echo speakers, and there is no way for web pages and mobile apps to play. This is a bold attempt now that mobile phones are gradually occupying the main stage in music streaming services.

　　Opera will provide free VPN for Android users.

　　Earlier this year, Opera brought free VPN service to IOS users. Now, the company also provides such free service to Android users, so as to provide users with a safe and pure network without advertisements. Opera VPN can help users to remove the geographical browsing restrictions of some websites for free. In addition, Opera VPN can not only block advertisements, but also allow users to change their virtual locations, prevent web pages from tracking users’ browsing content and protect users’ online privacy. It can also prevent the invasion of advertisements, but ironically, Opera has prevented the invasion of other advertisements, but it will still push advertisements to users.

　　Mobileye and Delphi will jointly launch a fully self-driving system in 2019.

　　Two top self-driving companies in the world will jointly launch a fully self-driving system in 2019. The two companies are Mobileye in Israel and Delphi, which is headquartered in Britain. It is reported that Mobileye has recently launched a chip supporting Tesla’s automatic driving system. Before, these two companies provided software and some self-driving systems to automobile manufacturers, but in the future, with the development of self-driving system technology independently developed by automobile manufacturers, they will face a more severe test from customers. For example, Ford announced last week that they would join hands with Israel’s SAIPS Company to make a completely self-driving system by 2021. Volvo also announced this week that they will cooperate with Uber to develop completely self-driving tools.

　　　　　　 China Youth Network compiled the original, please indicate the source of China Youth Network (www.youth.cn), otherwise legal responsibility will be investigated.

Special feature of 1905 film network "I have a hunch that there will be TV dramas and movies on this theme soon, hoping to ensure quality and quantity, and don’t shoot bad films!"In early September, a netizen was in a popular short play.Escape from the British MuseumThe comment area of the behind-the-scenes interview video predicts this. Soon after, the prophecy came true.

According to the notice issued by the National Film Bureau on September 15th and October 13th, respectively, about the filing and publicity of the national movie scripts (synopsis) in August, two animated films with the same theme, Escape from the British Museum and Escape from the British Museum, passed the filing that month.

In this regard, some netizens said that "if you want to do it, you should do it well, rather than lacking it", and some viewers questioned whether the filming was "with the consent of the original author". After 1905 Film Network communicated with Xia Xiao, one of the main creators of short plays, the other party said that the team had not authorized any company to create film projects at present.

Is the creation of animated film with the same name infringing?

Short plays, big feelings. This is the mainstream impression of netizens on the short play Escape from the British Museum.

The two main creators of the play are very young. Summer sister was born in 1997, and pancake fruit is a "00" generation. In an interview with the People’s Daily, Xia Sister said that the script was completely original, and pancake Guo Zi frankly saw "when a blogger introduced the information of the British Museum" and thought of shooting works with related themes.

About the original idea of the film, one of the most popular sayings at present is that it originated from a brain hole of netizens. At that time, a netizen put forward the idea of making an animated film named Escape from the British Museum with anthropomorphic techniques.

"The two newly-established Escape films are all animated films, and two Escape films appear one after another in a short period of time. Although the possibility of being angry is not ruled out, we must first make it clear that creativity is not protected by copyright law, and’ cultural relics escape’ belongs to the creative level, while the short film Escape is protected by copyright law."

"If the two cartoons did not animate the story of the short film" Escape "without authorization, but told a brand-new story, from this perspective, it did not infringe the copyright of the short film" Escape "and would not be banned from shooting." In an interview with 1905 Film Network, the film producers Sa Zhilei, such as Peach Blossom in the Ten Miles of III and Ziwuyu: Wandering at Night, shared their views. He believes that telling a brand-new story is the fundamental reason for the establishment of two animated films with the same theme.

From the synopsis of Escape from the British Museum and Escape from the British Museum’s story, we can see that both stories revolve around the escape of China cultural relics from the British Museum. The difference is that the latter increases the setting of ten dreams for "people who cultivate the moon".

"The object of copyright protection is a work in the legal sense. The name of a short play is not a work, and the story outline is a concept, which is not enough to be called a work. Therefore, the name and story outline of a short play are not protected by copyright; However, the high attention of popular short plays has potential commercial value and has the attribute of commodities. At this time, if the same or similar names are used to take advantage of the popularity of popular plays, it may constitute unfair competition and violate the Unfair Competition Law. " When interviewed by 1905 Film Network, Wang Yahui, a lawyer from Beijing Lanshang Law Firm, gave his own views.

At the same time, Wang Yahui also shared his views on the difference between reference and plagiarism in the content creation of film and television dramas. He believes that if the film and television dramas are similar only in subject matter and conception, but not in content, and they are all original, it can only be said that the latter draws lessons from the former and does not constitute infringement; If the content is highly similar, it is equivalent to the latter plagiarizing or adapting the former, which may infringe the copyright of the previous work.

At present, Escape from the British Museum has opened an official account on social platforms. On September 15th, the day the film was put on record, its official account also issued a message saying that "we can finally go home fair and square". Up to now, Escape from the British Museum Animation Film Project has not opened any official account of social platform.

According to the industrial and commercial registration information, the reporter called the filing companies of two animated films respectively. Among them, the phone of Manen (Shenzhen) Film Co., Ltd. was not answered, and the staff of Beijing Chaole Unlimited Culture Communication Co., Ltd. said that it was not convenient to disclose the relevant information of the project for the time being.

According to Enterprise Search APP, the major shareholder of Beijing Chaole Unlimited Culture Communication Co., Ltd. is Ying Da, a well-known mainland actor and director. The company is registered for the record, and the Escape from the British Museum market, which is written by Moon Man director Zhang Chiyu, has a relatively high degree of attention.

IP film and television drama creation wins at the starting line

The short play Escape from the British Museum’s coming out of the circle is due to the favorable weather and conditions. In the early stage of the play’s release, it just happened to catch up with the British Museum’s exposure that more than 2,000 pieces of cultural relics were lost. Of the more than 8 million cultural relics in the museum, about 23,000 are from China.

It is not uncommon for this kind of film and television companies to develop film projects with similar themes based on hot events or public IP. Among the works released by the National Film Bureau that passed the national film script (synopsis) filing and project publicity in August, there are other "face-bumping" projects. For example, The Story of a Lonely Studio in Luo Cha, which was registered by Beijing Light Film Industry, and The Mirage of Luo Cha, which was made by Guang Zhouta Xiu Animation, are all based on the public IP Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio.

For this kind of film and television drama adapted from public IP, Wang Yahui said that "public IP is similar to public resources shared by the whole people, which is not within the scope of copyright protection or has exceeded the protection period, so there is no need for authorization. Since it belongs to public resources, everyone has the right to use it, and it does not constitute infringement on each other".

Coco, who has ten years’ experience in publicizing Chinese and foreign cinema films, bluntly said that the film and television dramas adapted from popular IP have certain public cognitive advantages. In addition, there are relatively many promotional materials for these works, and the commercial value of cross-industry cooperation is usually higher than that of non-IP works.

"We can regard IP as a brand image with a certain popularity, and this image is supported by data. For various types of investments, including movies, certain data support is needed, which is the natural advantage of IP. " Sa Zhilei admits that IP with its own attention and traffic will also reduce communication costs when communicating with employers. According to statistics, as of October 17th, the number of the short play Escape from the British Museum and Tik Tok has reached 2.156 billion, and the number of Weibo topics has reached 877 million, with 127 hot searches on the list.

In addition, from the perspective of employers, project risk is an important evaluation factor when they decide whether to invest or not. IP works, on the other hand, have passed certain market verification at some levels (literature, animation, etc.), with higher awareness and a certain number of potential consumers, so the market risk is relatively low.

"From the perspective of spreading China’s traditional culture, it will be a blessing for everyone if we can make the’ cultural relics go home, the dream of rejuvenating the country’ deeply rooted in people’s hearts through film and television works, and let more people feel empathy for the loss and return of national treasures." Sa Zhilei hopes that if possible, the animation "Escape" and the main creator of the short film "Escape" can jointly develop this idea. The creation of this kind of theme film and television drama also has positive social significance.

(Coco is a pseudonym at the request of the interviewer)

Since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has grown rapidly, and people’s living consumption level has greatly improved. With the change of development stage, people’s yearning for a better life is stronger, and the demand for upgrading the stock of consumer goods is constantly improving. Promoting the trade-in of consumer goods and releasing potential consumption is conducive to the formation of a higher level of dynamic balance between demand and supply, and supply creates demand. In March, 2024, the State Council issued the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods, proposing the implementation of trade-in of consumer goods.

Consumption of durable goods has shifted from incremental expansion to stock optimization.

What trade-in actions did the consumer goods market experience in the past? What is the development situation and effect?

Chen Lifen (Researcher, Institute of Market Economy, the State Council Development Research Center):The nationwide trade-in policy for consumer goods is not the first time. In order to cope with the international financial crisis in 2008 and expand consumer demand, from 2009 to 2011, China implemented a vigorous trade-in policy for household appliances and automobiles.

In 2009, the Implementation Plan for Promoting the Expansion of Domestic Demand and Encouraging the Trade-in of Automobile and Household Appliances proposed that nine provinces and cities, including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Fuzhou and Changsha, should be selected to carry out the trade-in of household appliances. Since June 1, 2010, the policy of replacing old household appliances with new ones has been gradually extended to the whole country in combination with the dismantling and handling capacity of old household appliances in various regions. From this round of trade-in policy, it is mainly to stimulate the elimination and renewal potential of durable consumer goods such as household appliances and automobiles through replacement subsidies, further expand domestic demand, especially consumer demand, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, develop circular economy, and stabilize and expand employment. On the one hand, the central finance and the pilot provincial and municipal finance work together to share the subsidy funds. In terms of household appliances, the central finance and provincial finance bear 80% and 20% respectively. For automobiles, subsidies will be given to those who scrap "yellow-label vehicles" in advance and buy new ones. Local authorities can adjust the subsidy standards according to the models, years and urban management of "yellow-label vehicles". On the other hand, establish an effective incentive mechanism to stimulate consumption potential and benefit enterprises and the people. Subsidies will be given to consumers who sell five types of old household appliances, such as televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, computers and air conditioners, and buy new ones. The subsidies for buying old ones will not exceed 10% of the sales price of household appliances, and the transportation expenses will be subsidized for the old ones that are within the scope of recycling subsidies and sent to dismantling and processing enterprises.

The trade-in policy has achieved good results, and the pilot provinces and cities have initially established an integrated network system for home appliance sales, recycling and dismantling, which has obvious economic, social and resource benefits.

The first is to effectively stimulate consumption. In the 21st century, the growth rate of per capita disposable income of residents has been accelerated, the consumption power has been significantly improved, and the consumption demand of durable goods has increased. The trade-in policy has played a good "catalytic" role in stimulating the consumption growth of durable goods. Automobile-related policies continued until the end of 2010, and about 460,000 vehicles were subsidized for car trade-in, which boosted the consumption of new cars by 49.6 billion yuan. The policies related to household appliances continued until the end of 2011, and 92.48 million new household appliances in five categories were sold, which boosted direct consumption by more than 342 billion yuan, effectively releasing the consumption potential of urban residents.

The second is to promote the production and marketing of durable consumer goods and promote industrial development. In terms of home appliances, in 2011, the trade-in sales of home appliances exceeded 110 billion yuan, accounting for about 1/5 of the total sales of home appliances that year. With the policy of home appliances going to the countryside, the number of home appliances in rural areas has greatly increased. In 2012, the number of refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines and color TVs per 100 rural households increased by 41.2, 16.8, 21.3 and 22.5 respectively compared with 2007. In terms of automobiles, since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the automobile industry has been steadily opening to the outside world, while private automobile enterprises have accelerated their development. In addition, residents’ income has increased substantially, and private automobile consumption has flourished. At present, some cars have reached the replacement period, there are more products to choose from in the market, and the demand for changing cars among residents has increased. In 2009, China’s automobile production and sales exceeded 10 million vehicles. According to statistics, in 2010, the number of subsidized cars was the highest, accounting for 46.4%.

The third is to promote energy conservation and emission reduction and develop circular economy. With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, it is urgent to change the extensive growth mode. In 2005, "Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Circular Economy" was issued, proposing "to realize the unification of economic, environmental and social benefits and build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society". Thanks to the promotion of the trade-in policy, the energy efficiency of automobiles and household appliances has been significantly improved. The fuel consumption of old automobiles is 5% to 10% higher than that of new ones, and the power consumption of old household appliances is 20% to 30% higher than that of new ones.

The fourth is to stabilize and expand employment. Household appliances, automobiles and other durable consumer goods have a long industrial chain, and the trade-in policy not only promotes the development of retail industry, but also promotes the development of logistics, after-sales service, recycling and dismantling industries, which are labor-intensive industries and have strong ability to absorb employment. It is estimated that there are more than 400,000 employees who serve the trade-in of household appliances. This round of trade-in of consumer goods has effectively expanded the scale of employment.

In the new round of trade-in of consumer goods, the replacement of durable goods is still the focus of stimulating consumption potential, but different from the last round, the growth of residents’ durable goods consumption is mainly reflected in structural changes, driven by incremental expansion and more driven by stock optimization. By the end of 2023, the number of automobiles in China was 336 million, and the number of refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners and other major categories of household appliances exceeded 3 billion. There is great demand and potential for upgrading automobiles and household appliances. It is worth noting that from the situation and effect of the last round of trade-in, there are still some problems in recycling and dismantling, such as the recycling enterprises can not obtain invoices for tax deduction, the coverage of dismantling enterprises is small, and some household appliances are recycled by small vendors and then flow into the second-hand market. At present, the recycling system of household appliances, automobiles and other durable goods in China is not perfect, there are few qualified recycling enterprises, many decentralized self-employed households and a lack of professional and technical personnel, and the proportion of waste household appliances recycled through formal channels is not high. Therefore, it is very important to build a closed loop of "replacement+recycling" and improve the recycling system. The new round of trade-in of consumer goods may bring about the centralized release of demand. It is suggested to benchmark the international advanced level, give play to the leading role of standards such as energy saving, low carbon, health and safety, promote the development of industrial upgrading and consumption upgrading in the same direction, guide the updated consumption and echelon consumption in an orderly manner, and release the consumption potential continuously and stably.

Grasp the key links and make precise efforts.

Why launch a new round of consumer goods trade-in? What is the market demand and development potential of consumer goods in China?

Wei Qijia (Director and Researcher, Industrial Economics Research Office, Economic Forecasting Department, National Information Center):Looking at the trade-in of consumer goods should not be limited to the consumer goods themselves, but should be understood from the perspective of economic cycle. Carrying out a new round of trade-in of consumer goods accurately and orderly is an important measure to expand effective demand and smooth the cycle of supply and demand. The implementation of this policy is conducive to the formation of a virtuous circle of mutual promotion of consumption and investment, and the realization of benefiting enterprises and the people.

It is timely to promote a new round of trade-in of consumer goods. After the smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control, consumption recovery needs a process, and it can get twice the result with half the effort to really boost consumption from the needs of thousands of households. The data shows that by the end of 2023, the number of cars in China reached 336 million, and the number of household appliances in major categories such as refrigerators, washing machines and air conditioners exceeded 3 billion. According to this volume estimate, the upgrading of automobiles and household appliances is expected to create a market space of one trillion yuan. In terms of related consumption potential and growth rate, in the first quarter of this year, the retail sales of consumer goods such as household appliances and audio-visual equipment were 205.3 billion yuan, up 5.8% year-on-year, the retail sales of sports and entertainment products were 30.7 billion yuan, up 14.2% year-on-year, and the retail sales of automobiles were 1,116.3 billion yuan, up 3.8% year-on-year. From the perspective of absolute quantity and growth rate, these consumer goods have a large market space. If the policy can play a better role, it will be able to release huge demand and play a more significant role in supporting and promoting economic growth. From a broader perspective, as the economy stabilizes and rebounds, the consumption growth potential will be further released. At present, accelerating the trade-in of consumer goods will help stimulate consumption potential. The data shows that the total retail sales of consumer goods in the first quarter of this year exceeded 12 trillion yuan, up 4.7% year-on-year, and there is still room for improvement. The recovery of consumption is a slow variable, but the trend of accelerating recovery is emerging.

The new round of trade-in of consumer goods focuses on the fields of automobiles, household appliances, home improvement, kitchen and bathroom, which is closely related to the development stage of China’s economy. The data shows that the urbanization rate of permanent residents is 66.2% in 2023, but the urbanization rate of registered population is less than 50%. The urbanization process is progressing steadily, and the consumer market still has great potential. At the present stage, consumers’ demand for automobiles, home appliances and home improvement kitchens and bathrooms has a large room for growth. Promoting trade-in in these areas can boost consumption and help improve the consumption environment. From the perspective of industrial development, on the one hand, it provides a driving force for the convergence of production and demand, keeping inventory and sales in a dynamic balance, on the other hand, it is conducive to broadening the sales channels of energy-saving products and further enhancing their market share. Recycling is an important focus of industrial green development. Trade-in of consumer goods will innovate and enrich application scenarios and promote high-quality economic development.

Promoting a new round of trade-in of consumer goods is a systematic project, which requires precise efforts in policy and a good grasp of the three key links of "standard clearance", "capital clearance" and "operation clearance".

"Standard Pass" emphasizes the leading role of highlighting standards. Reasonable standards can promote the healthy development of the industry and promote the improvement of product quality, while backward standards are not conducive to product upgrading. For consumer goods, standards are very important. Taking the automobile industry as an example, the mandatory scrapping standards for motor vehicles and the vehicle safety and environmental protection inspection standards are directly related to the cycle of automobile product upgrading, involving equipment safety issues, and need to form a long-term mechanism conducive to the implementation of standards. Taking home appliances as an example, energy consumption standards affect the product system construction of the whole industry. Only when the relevant standards are dynamically updated can the preferential policies related to the buyer play an effective role. In addition to "hard standards", "soft standards" are also indispensable. For example, the definition of recycling valuation needs a frame of reference, a reference object, and a clear calculation process and standards, so as to promote the smooth operation of all aspects of trade-in.

"Capital Pass" emphasizes the optimization of various financial support methods. Financial support is not "flood irrigation", it is not for the sake of support, and it must be accurate and effective. For the trade-in of consumer goods to be supported, it is necessary to comprehensively calculate the amount and proportion of financial support from various information resources and set a reasonable range. For example, the insurance premium rate of new energy vehicles and the down payment ratio of automobile consumption loans all have the problem of optimizing the ratio and effect. Setting a suitable ratio is conducive to the healthy development of the industry. At the same time, we should define the source of funds. Some need financial support, but it doesn’t mean that financial funds can do everything. It is suggested to guide producers to make a balanced calculation according to sales quantity, pricing and profit, and promote trade-in by flexibly adjusting prices.

"Operation Pass" emphasizes the cooperation of the whole chain, such as dismantling and recycling, construction of the main body of operation and after-sales service. From the perspective of policy promotion and implementation, the above link is the "last mile" and will promote the full release of policy dividends. The whole chain link involved in trade-in has a complete and relatively independent internal system, so how to achieve connectivity, penetration, specialization and standardization of the operating subject is very important. It is suggested that by cultivating specialized enterprises, the closed-loop circulation of second-hand goods can be realized, the integration of resources in the whole chain can be promoted, and the after-sales service level can be brought into the big network of trade-in, which will form a strong traction for the accurate and orderly development of trade-in business.

Multi-measures to stimulate consumption vitality and achieve remarkable results

What measures have been taken by various localities to support trade-in? What are the bottlenecks to form the scale effect of upgrading?

Yi Shaohua (Director and Researcher, national academy of economic strategy Market Circulation and Consumption Research Office):With the steady improvement of China’s economic development level and the increasing consumption power of residents, higher requirements are put forward for the quality of consumer goods, and the focus of consumption has changed from survival to development. In the field of physical commodity consumption, some consumer goods markets, represented by automobiles and household appliances, have entered the stage of paying equal attention to stock and increment from the incremental stage. By exchanging the old for the new, it can not only stimulate potential consumption, but also better meet the people’s needs for a better life and form a virtuous circle of mutual promotion of consumption and investment.

At present, the trade-in of consumer goods mainly includes durable consumer goods, bulk consumer goods, such as household appliances, electronic products, automobiles, etc., and joint promotion activities are carried out through government support and profit-making by enterprises. Encouraged by policies, various localities have stimulated consumption vitality and facilitated consumer groups in various ways, and achieved positive results.

Jiangbei New District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, combined with Nanjing International Consumer Festival (Spring) activities, with the theme of "revitalizing the new season", distributed a total of 10 million yuan of automobile consumption subsidies. The Municipal Bureau of Commerce cooperated with two leading enterprises, Suning.cn and JD.COM, to carry out home appliance trade-in activities. JD.COM Wuxing Electric Co., Ltd., in conjunction with the head brand of household appliances, will increase subsidies for trade-in for air conditioners, color TVs, cooking stoves, digital mobile phones and other categories, with a maximum subsidy of 4,000 yuan for a single unit; Suning.cn provides free door-to-door, disassembly, handling and other services, making it more convenient for consumers to replace their home appliances.

The Department of Commerce of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region arranged 16 million yuan to carry out the subsidy activity of replacing old household appliances with new ones. By means of government subsidies, business concessions and platform support, the channel of industry cooperation was opened through the renovation of second-hand houses and old residential quarters, and the home improvement business was catalyzed by home appliance resources, thus promoting the upgrading of home appliances. Take Liuzhou as an example, the city provides diversified supplies and services according to the differentiated needs of consumers, providing consumers with one-stop transformation services of personalized design, garbage removal and preferential replacement, which directly promotes the release of household appliances consumption demand.

Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, through the joint subsidy of home appliance sales enterprises and manufacturers, increased the intensity of trade-in. At the same time, it organized home appliance distribution enterprises to join community streets to carry out trade-in public welfare activities, and provided services such as free cleaning and free testing of home appliances for special people. Hainan Province subsidizes the scrapping and replacement of old cars and the purchase of green household appliances, organizes household appliance enterprises in the province to carry out trade-in activities, encourages tax-free enterprises to give preferential benefits, and forms a multi-party linkage promotion trend. In terms of home improvement and kitchen renovation, Hunan Province has carried out activities such as home rejuvenation season, home improvement consumption festival and home consumption festival, and built 100 green, intelligent and aging-suitable model rooms in the province, taking the model rooms as a demonstration to lead the home improvement and renovation activities, so that consumers can feel the charm of smart life on the spot.

Of course, there are still some bottlenecks that need to be broken.

First, the innovation of financial instruments is insufficient, and the profit margin of enterprises is limited. Trade-in of consumer goods involves a wide range, showing the characteristics of long cycle and large span. It is difficult to achieve it by the enterprise itself. It needs to be supported by fiscal and taxation policies and financial instrument innovation to ease the financial pressure of enterprises and release policy dividends. At present, some financial institutions have made useful explorations in this regard. For example, Fujian Branch of China Construction Bank launched the "five new" measures to update financial support equipment and trade-in consumer goods from the aspects of support equipment, product innovation, consumption scenarios, preferential activities and policy guidance, which effectively improved the quality and efficiency of financial services, helped expand domestic demand and promoted consumption.

Second, it is necessary to find the right entry point to stimulate consumers to change their motivation. Although residents have a demand for upgrading consumer goods, there are many influencing factors. Durable consumer goods such as household appliances are large-sized goods, and the price of a single product is high. Most consumers rarely change their products when they can use them. Even if there are some price concessions, most people are difficult to put them into action. At present, the recycling price of old household appliances, old furniture and other items is low, which is far from consumers’ psychological expectations, and has also become one of the factors affecting trade-in. It is still a challenge to push consumers to turn potential demand into real demand and make them willing to change and actively change.

Third, the recycling system of used household appliances needs to be improved. In the process of releasing the demand for the replacement of household appliances, the recycling of waste household appliances is facing difficulties. Some household appliances and furniture manufacturers give up recycling related products because of the high recycling cost. At the same time, factors such as the lack of storage space for waste goods and the difficulty of recycling vehicles entering the city have also restricted the expansion of the market scale of household appliances and furniture. It is suggested to build a regional transfer station for waste household appliances in a suitable place, collect waste household appliances and furniture at home through platforms, merchants and third-party resources, and transport them to the dismantling site. At the same time, home appliance manufacturers are encouraged to build a recycling system of "recycling-dismantling-regeneration-remanufacturing" to achieve green and low-carbon development.

Let the recycling of old goods be efficient and smooth

How to realize efficient recycling of old goods with new ones?

Peng Bo (researcher, Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce):In March 2024, the State Council issued the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Trade-in of Consumer Goods (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). According to the Action Plan, the replaced consumer goods can be recycled efficiently through the circulation of second-hand goods, remanufacturing, step-by-step utilization and recycling.

The Action Plan proposes to support the circulation of second-hand commodities. The complete automobile market includes new car and used car market, and the trading volume of used cars in major developed countries exceeds that of new cars. By the end of 2023, China’s car ownership reached 336 million, with 34.8 million newly registered motor vehicles, and the cumulative transaction volume of used cars nationwide was 18.4133 million, up 14.88% year-on-year. In terms of export, the export volume of used cars in China exceeded 100,000 vehicles in 2023, accounting for only 2% of the total export scale of 4.91 million vehicles. Most of them are parallel export vehicles, and the used car market has broad development potential.

The market potential of second-hand electronic products is huge. Apple once launched the iPhone trade-in business in the United States. Consumers can exchange old iPhones for certain points in the Apple Store and offset them when buying a new generation of mobile phones. In recent years, China’s mobile phone and home appliance market is developing with each passing day, product updating iteration is fast, and consumer demand is growing rapidly. The data shows that in 2023, China’s total mobile phone shipments totaled 289 million units, and the idle amount of used mobile phones increased year by year. It is estimated that the total idle amount will reach 6 billion units during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. Trade-in will accelerate the update iteration of mobile phone production, and the electronic product industry will usher in greater development space.

Second-hand furniture transactions continue to develop. According to the survey data of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, among more than 3,000 citizens who participated in the survey, 11.1% of the respondents abandoned large furniture in 2023, and 46.5% of them chose to sell waste products. Furniture with good color and brand will usually be sent to the second-hand market for resale, among which solid wood and second-hand furniture with certain collection value are relatively popular.

The Action Plan proposes to promote remanufacturing and step-by-step utilization in an orderly manner. This requirement also applies to consumer goods. The earliest "remanufacturing" appeared in the 1930s. In 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments jointly issued "Opinions on Promoting the Development of Remanufacturing Industry", which proposed that remanufacturing can save energy by 60%, materials by 70% and costs by 50% compared with manufacturing new products, and almost no solid waste is produced, and the emission of air pollutants is reduced by more than 80%. At present, the market size of the global remanufacturing industry has exceeded 150 billion US dollars. The annual output value of China’s remanufacturing industry has exceeded 100 billion yuan, making it one of the largest remanufacturing markets in the world.

The price of engine remanufactured products of Jinan Fuqiang Power Co., Ltd. is only 75% of the original price of new products. If the old engine is exchanged for remanufactured products, it can also offset 25% of the price. BYD is committed to the production of new energy vehicles, and attaches great importance to the remanufacturing and cascade utilization of automotive power batteries. When the available capacity of the power battery is 60% to 80%, which can not meet the use requirements, the waste power battery will be recycled for testing and maintenance, and then sent to the power and communication fields for building energy storage power stations after reorganization; When the available capacity of the power battery is further attenuated to 20% to 60%, it can be recycled and disassembled into single batteries for solar street lamps, UPS power supplies and other small energy storage tools. When the usable capacity decays to less than 20%, it will be scrapped, from which useful chemical components and metal elements will be extracted and recovered for the production of new power batteries. Gemei is one of the leading enterprises to recycle electronic wastes and used batteries economically and on a large scale, and has built a life cycle value chain from recycling, remanufacturing to step-by-step utilization to ensure the efficient recycling of used power batteries.

The Action Plan proposes to promote high-level recycling of resources. Improving the ability and level of resource recycling can significantly reduce the demand for primary resources and reduce the pressure of mineral resources exploitation on the natural environment.

According to the statistics of China Renewable Resources Recycling Association, in 2023, the amount of scrapped cars increased by 7.56 million, up by 32%, the amount of recycled furniture exceeded 200 million, the total amount of recycled household appliances reached 4.5 million tons, and the amount of discarded mobile phones could reach more than 400 million every year. It is estimated that after a scrapped small car is finely disassembled, it can decompose about 36 kilograms of rubber, 70 kilograms of plastic, 740 kilograms of scrap iron and 100 kilograms of aluminum; An ordinary refrigerator can recover 9 kilograms of plastic, 38.6 kilograms of iron and 1.4 kilograms of copper; One ton of used mobile phones can extract 400 grams of gold and 2300 grams of silver.

Miluo City, Hunan Province has gathered more than 100 enterprises specializing in the treatment of used household appliances, forming a relatively complete industrial chain, and nearly 10,000 tons of usable substances are obtained after recycling and dismantling used household appliances every day. Among them, recycled metals are sold to auto parts manufacturers in this city for reproduction, which is environmentally friendly and reduces production costs. Haier Group practices the concept of sustainable development, supports the green and sustainable development of the whole industrial chain, and builds the industry’s first home appliance recycling interconnected factory integrating "recycling-dismantling-recycling-reuse", covering three systems of recycling, dismantling and recycling, and has customized six dismantling lines for used household appliances, one cleaning and sorting line for recycled plastics and 13 high-quality recycling new material granulation lines. At present, the factory has an annual dismantling capacity of 2 million sets of waste household appliances and a recycling capacity of 30,000 tons of recycled materials.

No.122 [2023] of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

The competent departments of industry and information technology of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant industry associations, enterprises and institutions:

The "Implementation Opinions on the Construction and Application of Manufacturing Technology Innovation System" are hereby printed and distributed to you, please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

August 15, 2023

Note:

① There are 1-5★, and the more★, the higher the overall level. Among them, one ★ belongs to the field of "stuck neck", which is highly dependent on the outside world in terms of products and technology, and its self-sufficiency rate is very low. Two ★ means that technology belongs to the field of "stuck neck", and it is externally dependent on products and technologies, and the technology and products as a whole are not competitive and have weak self-sufficiency ability. 3 ★ means that the independent technology and products are in the "usable" stage, and some technologies and products in the link have certain competitiveness at home and abroad, and the self-sufficiency rate is at a medium level. 4 ★ means that the independent technology and products are in the "easy to use" stage, and some technologies in the link have strong international competitiveness and high self-sufficiency rate. Five ★ represents that the independent technology and products in the link are in the "easy to use" stage, with strong international competitiveness, leading domestic technology level and high self-sufficiency rate.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of technological development. Among them, the level 1 representative has weak technical ability and is seriously subject to people. Level-2 represents weak self-owned technical ability, and key technologies are subject to people. Level 3 represents a certain breakthrough in its own technology and keeps pace with the international leading level. The key technologies of Level 4 Representative are relatively mature, and some of them have reached the international advanced level. Level 5 represents the establishment and perfection of its own technical system, and the key technologies have reached the international leading level.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the larger the number, the higher the basic commonality. Among them, level 1 represents the key technology is only the unique technology of the production object in this link. Level 2 represents that key technologies are applicable to this subdivision. Level 3 means that key technologies are applicable to this industry. Level 4 means that key technologies are applicable to most industries. Level 5 represents that key technologies are widely applicable to various industries.

④ It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, the level of level 1 representatives is basically the same as that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and that of foreign countries.

Main characteristic indicators: describe the technical indicators that can be compared at home and abroad.

⑤ The technology without independent ability corresponds to level 1 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies, indicating that the technology is completely dependent on the outside world and is in the stage of tackling key scientific and technological problems; The technologies to be industrialized correspond to Grade 2-3 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies. Grade 2 indicates that the technology has passed the stage of tackling key scientific and technological problems and is in the stage of commercialization and small-batch production of achievements. Grade 3 indicates that the products and technological processes tend to be mature but have not yet completed the industrialization stage. Mature technologies that can be widely popularized correspond to grades 4-5 in the overall evaluation of the list of key technologies. Grade 4 indicates that the technology has been preliminarily matured and can be applied to individual industries, and grade 5 indicates that the technology is advanced and mature and can be widely popularized.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5 pieces. The more pieces, the higher the overall level. The overall evaluation can be made by combining the gap between domestic and foreign material suppliers, the diversity and stability of material sources, etc.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the greater the number, the greater the gap. Level 1 represents a high market share of domestic materials, which has strong international competitiveness and is in the forefront of the international market share. Level 2 represents a high market share of domestic materials and has certain competitiveness in the world. Level 3 represents that domestic materials are in the "usable" stage and have a certain market share. Level 4 means that the materials are mainly from abroad, and the domestic materials are in the stage of "not easy to use". Level 5 means that there is no relevant material supplier in China, and the degree of control is high.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the bigger the number, the better the situation. Overall evaluation can be given in combination with diversity and stability. In terms of diversity evaluation, the first-level representative supplier has a single source. The number of level 2 representative suppliers is small, and all of them are foreign suppliers. Level 3 represents a certain number of suppliers, and most of the products are supplied from abroad. Level 4 represents diversified suppliers, some of which are from abroad. Level 5 means that suppliers have diversified sources and have alternatives in extreme cases. In terms of stability, the main suppliers of the first-level representative core products are extremely unstable and highly constrained, which is greatly affected by changes in the international situation. Level 2 represents the unstable suppliers of core products, which are highly controlled and affected by changes in the international situation. Level 3 represents the suppliers of core products with certain stability, and domestic or friendly countries account for a certain proportion. Level 4 represents stable suppliers of core products, mainly domestic or friendly countries. Level 5 represents stable suppliers of core products, mainly domestic suppliers.

Note:

① It is divided into four levels: international leading, international advanced, domestic leading and domestic advanced. It is necessary to fill in the top three enterprises in terms of foreign and domestic share or overall development level respectively.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the bigger the number, the better the situation. Level 1 represents that domestic enterprises have not established cooperative relations or cannot form cooperation due to lack of links; level 2 represents that some upstream and downstream enterprises have established cooperative relations; level 3 represents that upstream and downstream key enterprises have established cooperative relations; level 4 represents that upstream and downstream key links have established extensive cooperative relations and jointly promoted the research and development and industrialization of new technologies and new products; level 5 represents that upstream and downstream enterprises have closely cooperated and collaborative innovations have been widely applied, forming an overall competitive advantage.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. Overall evaluation combined with domestic manufacturing equipment capabilities and gaps and other factors for overall comprehensive analysis.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, there is basically no difference in the level of level 1 representatives. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and foreign countries, so it is very difficult to catch up.

Static breakthrough period: the shortest time required for domestic production of products of the same level as those of foreign countries.

Note:

According to the concept of "quality is determined by R&D and design, realized by manufacturing and guaranteed by inspection and testing", quality runs through the whole life cycle of products and requires various quality engineering technologies. Among them, quality design technology is related design control technology around quality characteristics in the design process of products or manufacturing. Such as: design parameter optimization technology, reliability design technology and so on. Manufacturing process quality control technology is a related control technology around product quality characteristics in the process of product processing and manufacturing. Such as: on-line measurement control technology, equipment stability assurance technology, etc. Detection and test technology is related to the measurement, inspection and test of product quality characteristics. Such as calibration technology. Quality assurance technology: It refers to the technology related to product quality control in order to ensure users’ continuous use requirements and subsequent quality improvement during product delivery and operation. Such as: Operation and Maintenance Task Analysis Technology (OMTA), Fault Reporting, Analysis and Corrective Action System (FRACAS), etc.

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. 1★ represents the lack of quality engineering technology, and there is no relevant quality engineering technology institution in China. 2★ represents weak quality engineering technology and lack of authoritative organization. Level 3★ means that there is a gap in quality engineering technology, and it has a well-known quality engineering technology institution. 4★ It represents that there is a gap in some domestic quality engineering technologies, and it has internationally renowned quality engineering technology institutions. 5★ represents that quality engineering technology is at the same level with foreign countries, and it has international advanced quality engineering technology institutions.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades. The larger the number, the greater the gap and the difficulty of catching up. Among them, there is basically no difference in the level of level 1 representatives. There is a gap of 1-3 years between the level of level 2 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 3-5 years between the level of level 3 representatives and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of 5-10 years between the level of level 4 delegates and that of foreign countries. There is a gap of more than 10 years between the level of level 5 representatives and foreign countries, so it is very difficult to catch up.

Note:

Standard categories include: international standards, regional standards, national standards, industry standards, group standards and enterprise-led factual standards.

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. One ★ represents a serious lack of domestic standards in this field, no independent standards and lack of application, the standards are subject to people and difficult to break through, the right to speak technology is seriously lacking, and the necessary patents for standards are held by foreign enterprises. Two ★ represent the lack of domestic standards in this field, the insufficient number and application of independent standards, the insufficient matching between independent standards and the current level of industrial development, and the existence of many new technologies and products that have not been covered. China has adopted international standards, but it lacks the right to speak in technology. 3 ★ represents that there are a certain number of independent standards in China, but the standard system is not perfect, the applicability of independent standards basically matches the current industrial development level, the digitalization of standards has begun to advance, and there are some new technologies and products that have not been covered. The implementation of standards in this field is good, and the standards have been adopted by certain policies in terms of market access, supervision after the event, etc. China has participated in the formulation of international standards in this field and formed a certain technical discourse right in some sub-fields. 4 ★ Represents that domestic standards in this field are relatively complete, and there is a mature standard system. Independent standards and standards are widely used digitally, which has played a great role in promoting industrial development. The implementation of standards in this field by enterprises is very good, and standards are widely publicized and trained. Standards have more policy acceptance in market access, supervision after the event, etc., and domestic enterprises actively participate in international standardization activities in this field.And formed a greater technical discourse power. Five stars ★ represent that the standards in this field are complete and sufficient, the standard system is sound and forward-looking, and the independent standards and standards are widely used digitally, which has played an important role in promoting industrial development. Enterprises have achieved remarkable results in implementing the standards in this field, with a high compliance rate. They have organized extensive standards publicity and training, and the standards have been widely adopted by policies in terms of market access and supervision afterwards, and have established a leading position in international standardization in this field.

Note:

① It is divided into 1-5★ grades, and the more★, the higher the overall level. The overall evaluation combines the gap between domestic and foreign major service providers, the level of digital development and the level of green development to make a comprehensive analysis.

② It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of digital development. Level 1 representatives do not have the relevant digital transformation and development capabilities. The second-level representative part adopted automation technology and information technology to transform and upgrade the production activities, and initially realized the data sharing of the business. Level 3 represents the integration of the equipment and systems involved to realize cross-link data sharing. Level 4 fully excavates and applies the data of personnel, resources and manufacturing in the manufacturing process through digital means, and the production efficiency and product quality are obviously improved. Level 5 represents the iterative upgrading of the industry based on digital technology, efficient coordination of the industrial chain, and accelerated formation of new models and new formats.

③ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the higher the number, the higher the level of green development. Level 1 represents high energy consumption level of products, weak pollutant treatment capacity and generally weak awareness of green development. Level 2 represents a high level of energy consumption, a weak ability to deal with pollutants, and a weak ability to serve green manufacturing. Level 3 delegates have established a green development mechanism, initially carried out energy conservation, pollutant prevention and control, and formed a number of green technology/solution service providers. Level 4 represents that green and low-carbon technologies have been expanded and applied, energy consumption level and carbon emission intensity have been steadily reduced, and the green technology/solution service system is relatively perfect. Level 5 represents a low energy consumption level, achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions, and improving the green technology/solution service provider system.

④ It is divided into 1-5 grades, and the larger the number, the higher the maturity of the supporting facilities. Level 1 representatives have no relevant public service platform at present. Level 2 representatives have relevant public service platforms, and their service capabilities are single. Level 3 representatives have relevant public service platforms and provide some necessary public service projects. The four-level representative service platform has common services such as information service, financing service, technological innovation service, entrepreneurship service, training service, management consulting service, market development and legal service. The Level-5 representative platform focuses on industrial characteristics and application requirements, and has established complete services including specialized information services, financing services, technological innovation services, entrepreneurial services, training services, management consulting services, market development, and legal services.

　　The filing of P2P peer-to-peer lending platform, which has attracted much attention in the industry, has now ushered in new progress. It is reported that the regulatory authorities are soliciting opinions on the online loan filing rules. According to the current plan, some provinces and cities will be the pilot areas for filing. On the basis of summing up the pilot experience, according to the overall time limit of three years to prevent major risks, the filing and registration of stock online lending institutions will be completed nationwide in 2020.

　　In the eyes of many people in the industry, the introduction of online loan filing rules will be another major measure after compliance inspection and Opinions on Doing a Good Job in Classified Disposal and Risk Prevention of Online Loan Institutions, which is not only conducive to the follow-up filing work of the compliance platform, but also conducive to protecting the rights and interests of lenders and promoting the orderly clearing of industry risks.

　　Continuous adjustment of the industry

　　"The proposal of the online loan filing rules will promote the online loan industry to take a substantial step, which also means that the filing will be restarted in the near future. The acceleration of industry clearing and the filing of the compliance platform will obviously boost market confidence. " Zhang Yexia, dean of the Online Loan Home Research Institute, said.

　　Since the Notice on Implementing the Interim Measures for the Management of Business Activities of Information Intermediaries in peer-to-peer lending in August 2016, it was first mentioned that the online loan industry implemented the filing and registration system, and the filing of the industry has been in an irregular state. Correspondingly, the prosperity of the online lending industry continues to decline, and problem events occur from time to time. According to the incomplete statistics of online loan houses, as of the end of March this year, the cumulative number of closed and problematic platforms reached 5,595; Recently, individual head platforms also broke out risk events, which once again brought considerable impact to the industry.

　　It is worth noting that according to the current plan, online lending institutions are required to pay "one book and two gold", of which "one book" refers to the paid-in registered capital; "Two funds" are the general risk reserve and the lender’s risk compensation. "This indicates to some extent the source of redemption funds after the outbreak of risk events by online lending institutions." Experts said that among them, the general risk reserve is used to pay in advance the losses caused by the online lending institution’s own reasons (such as publishing false information, failing to disclose information as required, and self-financing of online lending institutions). Lender’s risk compensation is used to make up the lender’s principal loss when the borrower has credit risk and cannot repay the lender’s funds as agreed.

　　"For most small and medium-sized platforms, this is a cruel knockout." Ai Yawen, an analyst at Rong 360 Big Data Research Institute, said that only this "one book and two gold" has blocked many small and medium-sized platforms with weak financial strength. In her view, in the face of the "cold winter" of the industry, financing channels and funds are shrinking, and it is also very difficult for the platform to introduce shareholder financing. In the first three months of this year, only one or two online lending institutions obtained venture capital funds.

　　Small platforms are not optimistic.

　　It is noteworthy that at present, the proposed plan proposes that online lending institutions can be divided into single provincial-level regional operation and national operation according to their business scope. In the future, a large number will be single provincial-level regional operation institutions, and regional operation institutions can only carry out fund matching services in this region. "This will undoubtedly significantly narrow the scope of risks, and the lending limit will further reduce lending losses." Wang chunying, a researcher at the online loan home research institute, said.

　　In the eyes of many people in the industry, the online loan filing rules will further aggravate the industry differentiation. For the national online lending institutions, it is not limited by the geographical location of lenders and borrowers, and its potential business scope is very wide; On the contrary, online lending institutions operating in a single provincial region can only match local funds to serve local borrowers, and the business volume and scope are greatly narrowed. The development prospect of national pilot institutions is much higher than that of regional institutions.

　　At the same time, Zhang Yexia said that the lenders and borrowers of new matchmaking business in the place where a single provincial-level regional operating institution operates must remain in the same provincial-level region as the place where the online lending institution is registered, which may trigger a wave of platform migration, only in the regional operation. The platform will reconsider the filing place.

　　In addition, for platforms that cannot complete filing, they can also guide institutions to transform into online small loans, consumer finance companies, or other licensed financial institutions. However, in Ai Yawen’s view, in addition to continuing to file for rectification, if the platform does not have absolute resource advantages, the transformation is of little significance. Small-scale online lending platforms with insufficient background strength are generally weak in operational capacity, poor in comprehensive anti-risk ability and not optimistic in profitability.

　　According to the key monitoring data of Rong 360 Data Research Institute, as of the end of March this year, there were 1,047 online lending platforms operating normally in China, with at least 300 registered funds less than 50 million yuan, and 245 outstanding ones less than 100 million yuan. Some of them have suspended bidding and even become "zombie platforms" (no new bidding will be issued for three months).

　　Strengthen investor protection

　　In order to better protect investors, according to the current plan, the number of creditor’s rights transfers between lenders of the same online lending platform shall not exceed three times, and creditors of different online lending platforms shall not transfer creditor’s rights; Online lending institutions shall not carry out automatic bidding and other entrusted bidding business; The lending balance of natural person lenders in the same online lending institution shall not exceed 200,000 yuan, and the total lending balance in different online lending institutions shall not exceed 500,000 yuan.

　　"This is to control the risk of online lending within a certain range and reduce the harm of risk events to lenders." Zhang Yexia said, but some detailed requirements need to be further explained. Take the lender’s identity authentication method as an example. For the online lending institutions operating in a single provincial region, the lenders and borrowers who have newly added matching business must remain at the same provincial level as the online lending institutions’ registration places, and the ways to confirm the lender’s identity need to be further clarified, such as referring to the ID number, the place where the mobile phone number belongs, and the login IP.

　　At the same time, in terms of the lender’s asset certification method, Zhang Yexia said that the asset certification needs to specify whether the lender needs to upload relevant certification materials and the form of certification materials, such as bank flow, income certificate, social security/provident fund payment record, and equity asset account balance. If uploading is needed, how to identify the authenticity of the certification materials by the platform is also a major problem for testing online lending institutions. At the same time, the issuance and uploading of certification materials may also cause poor lending experience of online lending platforms.

　　In addition, Sack Research Institute believes that under normal circumstances, the less investment, the weaker the risk tolerance of users. Online lending has high risks, so we should set a threshold for qualified investors and raise the initial investment limit.

　　Although officials and scientists have voiced their voices and made it clear that the idea of linking the new coronavirus with 5G is "complete nonsense", it does not seem to prevent rumors from continuing to be sought after.

　　The latest news is that after Britain, there have also been incidents in the Netherlands where 5G signal towers were set on fire and vandalized. Some people even planned to hold a larger-scale protest against 5G on Easter on April 12th through social media.

　　Some British mobile operators said that under the influence of conspiracy theories, some telecom employees have been threatened.

　　one

　　On April 10th, local time, the signal tower in the northern Dutch city of Groningen was set on fire.

　　According to Dutch media reports, at least six signal towers were set on fire and destroyed. In the past week, there have been four similar incidents in the Netherlands.

　　In Europe, similar incidents appeared in Britain earlier.

　　On April 2, local time, a 21-meter-high mobile signal tower in Birmingham, England was set on fire, and firefighters put out the fire after two hours. The next day, a 5G signal tower in Merseyside was also set on fire … …

　　The Guardian reported that at least 20 cell phone base towers were deliberately set on fire or vandalized.

　　In this regard, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) said that two consecutive incidents of burning mobile signal towers coincided with the widespread spread of the "unfounded" conspiracy theory that "5G caused the spread of Covid-19".

　　The British "Daily Mail" bluntly said that these incidents were related to the rumor that "5G network spread Covid-19".

　　In fact, there are not a few people who believe and spread the rumor that "5G leads to Covid-19" on social networks in Europe and America, and even many celebrities participate in it.

　　In response to various rumors since the outbreak, a research institute of Oxford University found that 20% of Covid-19 rumors were spread by celebrities or politicians, and their content published on social media accounted for nearly 70% of the total content published.

　　As you can imagine, once the star politicians with hundreds of millions of fans spread rumors, their "influence" is equally huge.

　　two

　　Tracing back to the origin of this absurd statement, it may first come from a health summit held in Arizona on March 12th, USA, in which a doctor named Thomas Cowen claimed that 5G caused the spread of Covid-19.

　　He even argued that there was no outbreak in Africa because there was no 5G there.

　　This rumor has been widely circulated in the United States, forwarded by many celebrities and spread to more western countries.

　　With the increase of confirmed cases in Africa, this statement was quickly "slapped". However, the spread of this conspiracy theory by foreign social media has not stopped, and many statements have been deduced … …

　　Rumors are flying all over the sky, which also makes some people smell business opportunities.

　　A British company claims that it has developed a product that can prevent 5G radiation and protect users from Covid-19. Each product costs as much as 350 pounds.

　　In this regard, the four major telecom operators in the UK issued a joint statement refuting the relevant statements, arguing that the conspiracy theory linking the 5G signal base station with the spread of Covid-19 is dangerous and false information, which is totally wrong.

　　The BBC’s "fact check" column also interviewed a number of scientists, clearly indicating that the idea of linking the new coronavirus with 5G is "complete nonsense", without any basis and biologically impossible.

　　British officials later came forward and pointed out that this "conspiracy theory" is completely nonsense.

　　three

　　In fact, anti-5G organizations have always existed abroad, but why is this reaction so fierce?

　　In this regard, some media articles pointed out that on the one hand, the COVID-19 epidemic spread, and related topics naturally attracted high attention; On the other hand, rumors can spread quickly, which also reflects the social panic behind them.

　　Christian Lindemeyer, a spokesman for the World Health Organization, once said that people should treat Covid-19 rationally and not panic.

　　But it is easier said than done. In reality, many people hold the attitude of "believing what is there, not believing what is not" to some rumors, and intentionally or unintentionally become the disseminators of rumors.

　　As this newspaper has reported before, every time a disaster or major public health incident breaks out, there will be irrational behaviors caused by various rumors:

　　Net-transmitted granite can prevent Covid-19 from being infected, causing netizens to rush to buy it; Others believe that drinking alcohol can prevent the virus … …

　　Fortunately, many social media have recognized the harm caused by the spread of related rumors and taken action.

　　Facebook said it would delete those remarks that "may cause harm to the real world" and would check the authenticity of other related remarks.

　　YouTube, a video website, also said that videos linking 5G and COVID-19 would be removed because they "quoted unconfirmed medical content".

　　Disaster can test human nature best. What is more terrible than the spread of the virus is the layers of fermentation of false information and the rapid spread of panic.

　　As WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, in the global fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, "facts are needed, not fears", "science is needed, not rumors" and "unity is needed, not stigma".

　　Obviously, the campaign against false information and rumors is equally important in the global fight against the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　Cctv newsOn July 9th, the State Council and the Treasury Department of the United States announced that they would impose sanctions on a Xinjiang, China government agency and four officials according to the domestic laws of the United States. In response, Zhao Lijian, spokesman of China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, expressed firm opposition and strong condemnation at today’s (10th) press conference, and announced that reciprocal measures would be taken against relevant American institutions and individuals who behaved badly on Xinjiang-related issues.

　　Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao LijianThe above-mentioned actions of the US side seriously interfere in China’s internal affairs, seriously violate the basic norms of international relations and seriously damage Sino-US relations. China resolutely opposes this and strongly condemns it. In response to the wrong actions of the United States, China decided to take reciprocal measures against relevant American institutions and individuals who behaved badly on Xinjiang-related issues. Xinjiang affairs are purely China’s internal affairs, and the US has no power and is not qualified to interfere.

　　Zhao Lijian emphasized that the China government is determined to defend the interests of national sovereignty, security and development, to crack down on violent, separatist and religious extremist forces, and to oppose any external interference in Xinjiang affairs and China’s internal affairs.

　　Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao LijianWe urge the US to immediately revoke the wrong decision and stop any words and deeds that interfere in China’s internal affairs and harm China’s interests. If the US persists in its actions, China will resolutely fight back.

The total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 5.8% year-on-year, and the catering revenue increased by 13.9% … The consumption data in the first quarter showed that with the implementation of a series of policies to promote consumption, consumption scenarios continued to expand and consumption expectations continued to improve, which led to a marked rebound in market sales, a steady improvement in service consumption, and an overall recovery in consumption.

The pulling effect is remarkable

The contribution rate of final consumption to economic growth reached 66.6%, which was significantly higher than last year.

The third China International Consumer Goods Expo held recently in Haikou, Hainan, is a window to observe China’s economy.

This year’s Consumer Expo, the exhibition area increased by 20% compared with the previous one, bringing together more than 3,300 consumer boutique brands from 65 countries and regions, with more than 50,000 buyers and professional visitors … The number of participating brands, the number of new products released and the total number of visitors all reached new highs.

Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that consumption growth rebounded significantly in the first quarter. The total retail sales of social consumer goods was 11,492.2 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.8%. According to the location of business units, the retail sales of urban consumer goods was 9,966.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.7%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 1,525.8 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 6.2%.

"In the first quarter of this year, the total retail sales of consumer goods increased by 5.8% year-on-year, which was significantly higher than that in the fourth quarter of last year; In March, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 10.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 7.1 percentage points faster than that in January-February. All these indicate that consumption is gradually picking up and improving. " Hong Yong, an associate researcher at the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, said.

"There are many factors for the recovery of consumption." Hong Yong believes that since the beginning of this year, policies to promote consumption have been introduced one after another, and the employment situation has been generally stable, laying a solid foundation for the steady recovery of residents’ income and consumption. In the first quarter, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 10,870 yuan, a nominal increase of 5.1% over the same period of last year, and a real increase of 3.8% after deducting the price factor, which was 0.1 and 0.9 percentage points faster than that of the whole year of last year respectively.

The pulling effect of consumption on economic growth has been significantly enhanced. In the first quarter, the contribution rate of final consumption to economic growth reached 66.6%, which was significantly higher than that of last year, and it was the most important factor driving economic growth among the three major demands.

Long-term good prospects

China is in the stage of rapid consumption upgrading, and new scenes and models are constantly emerging.

"China’s consumer demand is more diversified and personalized. Only by developing more new products can we better meet consumer demand." At the Expo, the relevant person in charge of Holland (China) Dairy Group told the reporter.

The concentrated appearance of new products at the Expo reflects the new trend of consumption upgrading in China. "Judging from the consumption data in the first quarter, China’s consumer market has resumed growth, and the characteristics of strong consumption resilience, great potential and full vitality have not changed. The fundamentals of long-term improvement in consumption development have not changed, and the general trend of upgrading consumption has not changed." Zhang Jixing, deputy director of the market research department of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said.

Commodity sales rose steadily. With the gradual release of residents’ consumption potential, the growth of upgrading consumption has accelerated, and the consumption of basic life has continued to grow. In the first quarter, the retail sales of goods increased by 4.9% year-on-year. Nearly 70% of the retail sales of 18 categories of commodities above designated size increased year-on-year, among which the retail sales of basic life commodities such as grain, oil and food, clothing, shoes, hats, needles and textiles increased by 7.5% and 9% respectively. The retail sales of upgraded commodities such as gold, silver, jewelry and cosmetics increased by 13.6% and 5.9% respectively.

Online and offline consumption growth has accelerated. With the improvement of market circulation, online consumption continues to improve. In the first quarter, the online retail sales of physical goods increased by 7.3% year-on-year, and continued to maintain rapid growth. At the same time, with the recovery of offline consumption scenes, the retail of physical stores has gradually improved. In the first quarter, the retail sales of retail stores above designated size increased by 3.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 3.2 percentage points faster than that in January-February.

"Residents’ propensity to consume is also rising, which means that the expectation of consumption recovery will continue to improve." Zhang Jixing said that with the stabilization and recovery of the economy, the gradual improvement of the employment situation and the increasing consumption scenarios, residents’ consumer confidence has improved, driving the average consumption tendency to rise. In the first quarter, the average consumption tendency of the national residents was 62%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the same period of last year.

Zhang Jixing believes that considering all factors, the role of consumption as the "main engine" of economic growth is expected to be further enhanced. On the one hand, employment has gradually improved, and the national urban survey unemployment rate dropped significantly in March, which is conducive to increasing residents’ income and enhancing their spending power. At the same time, new consumption scenes and new models are constantly emerging, which is conducive to stimulating new consumption willingness. From the perspective of medium and long-term development, China is in the stage of rapid upgrading of consumption, and the consumption prospect is promising for a long time.

Supply and demand work together

Residents’ contact consumption such as catering, entertainment and tourism continued to pick up.

"It feels good to be able to enjoy flowers and experience traditional culture." Hao Wei, a citizen who came to visit a thousand acres of rape flower viewing field in Niulou Town, Yanzhou District, Jining, Shandong Province, said. Many theme activities, such as "poetry exhibition" and "immersive stage play", have enhanced the sense of participation and experience of the tour, and tourists come to enjoy the flowers and view the scenery in an endless stream.

The local government will vigorously develop "flower sightseeing+rural tourism" and create new products and models of rural tourism that promote agricultural experience, parent-child interaction and leisure sightseeing, so as to better meet the needs of tourists and boost rural revitalization.

The data shows that China’s service consumption, including tourism, has rebounded significantly. In the first quarter, residents’ contact consumption such as catering, entertainment and tourism increased rapidly. The national catering revenue was 1,213.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.9%. From the per capita situation of residents, in the first quarter, the per capita service consumption expenditure of the national residents increased by 6.2% year-on-year, which was obviously faster than the per capita consumption expenditure of all residents.

Tourism demand is still picking up. According to the data of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, on the holiday day in Tomb-Sweeping Day this year, there were 23,766,400 domestic tourists, an increase of 22.7% compared with that in Tomb-Sweeping Day last year. According to the data of online travel platform, the demand for domestic long-distance travel and outbound travel increased significantly during the May 1 holiday this year.

According to the data of the US Mission and public comments, as of April 10th, the booking volume of domestic accommodation, transportation and scenic spots tickets during the May 1st holiday increased by about 200% compared with the same period in 2019. According to the data of Tuniu Travel Network, during the "May 1" holiday, the number of domestic long-distance travel and outbound travel bookings accounted for 56% and 15% respectively; Booking for local tours and Zhou Bianyou continued to accelerate.

"The current rapid warming of the cultural tourism market is the result of the joint efforts of both supply and demand." Wu Ruoshan, deputy director of the Cultural Tourism Policy Research Center of China Institute of Labor Relations, believes that various localities and departments have successively introduced relevant measures and introduced policies such as preferential tickets for scenic spots, which has effectively promoted the release of tourism consumption demand. On the supply side, new technologies such as deep integration of cultural tourism and digitalization have been accelerated in the field of tourism, which has spawned more popular cultural tourism integration products and smart tourism products.

"The direction of the rapid upgrading of cultural tourism consumption has not changed, the huge potential of market development has not changed, and the trend of high-quality development of the industry has not changed. With the implementation of various policies and the continuous improvement of tourism supply level, the potential and vitality of China’s cultural tourism market will be further released, and the recovery trend of the tourism market will be further enhanced. " Wu Ruoshan said. (Reporter Kelly Shi Zhe Li Xinyi Sun Haitian)