Poster of "Dream of the Dream"

Special feature of 1905 film network　On October 14th, the Hollywood fantasy film Dream of the Giant was released in mainland China. As we all know, it is a masterpiece of the great director Steven Allan Spielberg this year, but most people may not know it very well. There is a more legendary figure behind this film. The following small series will take you to understand the shocking life experience of this great children’s literature writer.　

• He used to be a pilot in World War II, but he survived a plane crash.

• He is a Norwegian, but he serves Britain and works as a spy in the United States.

• He declared himself an anti-Semitic, so he was boycotted in Israel.

• He married an Oscar-winning actress, but divorced because he cheated on her best friend at the age of 67.

• He is an outstanding British children’s literature writer, and his position in the hearts of British readers even exceeds that of J.K. Rowling;

• He is the original author of Dream of the Dream, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Fantastic Mr. Fox — — Roald dahl.

  

A giant, a witch, a flying peach, and a little girl with special functions, Roald has created many fantastic and ingenious fairy tales, but if you get to know him better, you will find that his life is no less wonderful than his stories.

A naughty childhood is the source of works.

　

In 1916, Roald was born in Cardiff, the capital of Wales, England. His parents were Norwegian, and Roald’s name also came from the famous Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen..

　

Roald Amundsen was the first person in the world to reach the South Pole.

When Roald was 3 years old, his 7-year-old sister died of appendicitis, and a month later, his father died of pneumonia. Because of his father’s early death, orphans often appear in his fairy tales. For example, James, the protagonist in The Adventures of Flying Peach, whose parents were eaten by rhinoceros, Luke in The Witch and Sophie in The Dream of a Giant are orphans (Sophie’s name comes from Roald’s granddaughter).

James and Luke

Roald used to be naughty when he was a child. There is a candy store on his way to school. The proprietress is very hard on the children, and she won’t let them touch the candy. She also said that they would leave if they didn’t buy anything. So Roald and his friends put a dead mouse in her candy jar.

　

To this end, Roald and his friends were called to the principal’s office to spank. The headmaster is very good at hitting people. He will hit them every five seconds, because the pain is usually delayed for a while, and the second stick comes at the same time when it hurts the most. It is conceivable that this is probably the prototype of the cruel and irritable principal in Matilda.

The headmaster in Matilda

　

When he was in middle school, Cadbury Chocolate Factory would send new chocolate products and ask students to help test the taste. Roald’s dream at that time was to invent a new type of chocolate by himself, which was recognized by Cadbury, which was the source of inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.

Second, the open life does not need to be explained.

　

After graduation,RoaldJoined the famous oil company Shell, and was transferred to Tanzania, Africa. At that time, he needed to cross Tanzania to provide oil for customers, so he was attacked by lions, cobras and other wild animals on his way, but they all survived.

　

During World War II, Roald joined the British Air Force, and he conducted flight training with 20 companions. As a result, 17 people died in air combat. Once, an air force commander asked him to fly to a seaside town. At that time, pilots didn’t have navigation equipment, and they all relied on maps to identify their directions. He flew in accordance with the instructions and found that it was a desert and could not find the airport to land. At this time, it was getting dark, so he had to risk landing. As a result, the wheels of the plane hit the gravel, causing the plane to crash and catch fire. He climbed out of the plane and took his life. Later, I learned that it was the commander who made a mistake in his position.

　

Roald was taken to the hospital. He was injured in both eyes, and his vision had not recovered. He fell in love with the nurse who looked after him by voice. Eight weeks later, the first person he saw when his vision recovered was the same nurse, but he decided not to love her anymore. Why do you think this is?

　

In 1942, Roald, who was discharged from the army, was sent to the British Embassy in the United States, during which he met the famous writer C.S. Forrest.Because Forrest worked for British intelligence, Roald was also influenced by it and began to engage in espionage. During the war, he gave information about Washington to his boss, William Stephenson, a Canadian spy leader who was famous for his bravery. It is said that,RoaldIts main task is to gather intelligence by luring powerful American women.

　

Later, when Roald returned to Britain, the intelligence department doubted his loyalty to Britain and kicked him out of the intelligence unit.After that, thanks toStephenson was promoted to his official position so that he could return to work in Washington.

Roald dahl Square

In 1990,RoaldDied, in order to commemorate him, Cardiff’s landmark Oval Basin plaza was renamed as Roald Dahl Plass. "Plass" means Norwegian square, which is to express his recognition of Norwegian nationality. His birthday, September 13th, was also designated as roald dahl Day.

Third, the legendary marriage is like a tragicomedy.

Roald was married twice. The first wife was Patricia Neal, a beautiful woman and the winner of the Oscar for Best Actress. Her major works include day the earth stood still, Breakfast at Tiffany’s and Heidi.

Patricia Neal in his youth.

They have five children. When his son Theo was four months old, he was hit by a taxi in the stroller, causing severe brain edema and almost losing his eyes. Roald and experts developed a medical product to relieve symptoms, which made Theo gradually recover and grow up smoothly. Later, their seven-year-old daughter Olivia died of measles.

Roald and Patricia

　

The disaster didn’t stop. Patricia suffered three strokes when she was pregnant with her fifth child Lucy at the age of 39. Roald tried every means to help her recover, and it was a year before she could walk and talk again. However, love can’t last longer than gold, and sharing weal and woe doesn’t necessarily last forever. In 1983, Patricia found out that Roald had an affair with his best friend, and then decided to divorce.

Fourth, I never stop writing and finally embark on the road of literature.

After coming to the United States,ForrestEncouraged by him, Roald began to write war memoirs, and thus embarked on the road of writing. Roald wrote three novels and more than 60 short stories, and won three Allen Poe Literature Awards.

　

Roald’s story is not only sought after by American magazines, but also favored by the film and television circles. Walter Disney had planned to adapt his first children’s literature work, The Naughty Elf, into a film, but it failed.

Walter Disney andRoald

His adult novel The Smoker was included in Hitchcock’s Suspense Stories, and was later adapted into a part of the film Four Rooms by Quentin Talentino.Roald himself has been a screenwriter, and his works include the 007 series "Lei Ting Gu" and his own work "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" in 1971.

Five, Roald’s major film adaptations

Dream of the Dream Giant 2016

Sophie, a girl in an orphanage, couldn’t sleep at night and found a giant several stories high. The giant took her back to her cave. It turned out that she was a kind-hearted giant who specialized in collecting dreams and then blew them into the children’s room with a trumpet. But other giants are terrible, and they all take people as food. The film tells the story of Sophie and a good-hearted giant against a man-eating giant.

Fantastic Mr. Fox 2009.

Father Fox bought a tree house, and the neighbors across the street were three ruthless farmers. The delicious food on the farm aroused the desire of Father Fox to be a "Jiang Yang thief", so he made a detailed plan and successfully looted three farms. But the farmers are not good. They decided to catch Father Fox by all means. This protracted war is on the verge of breaking out, even involving all the animals in the surrounding area. Who will win or lose in the end?

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 2005.

The film tells that the little boy Charlie and his family live a poor and harmonious life. Charlie’s favorite is the chocolate produced by Wonka Chocolate Factory. This is the largest chocolate factory in the world. His owner, Mr. Wonka, is very creative and invents all kinds of sweets, but the factory alwaysgateLocked, it seems that no one has ever come in or out. One day, Mr Wonka announced that he would invite five lucky children to visit his factory, and Charlie became the last lucky one. So, what amazing secrets are hidden in this mysterious factory?

Adventures of Flying Peach, 1996

The little boy James’s parents were eaten by rhinoceros, and two vicious aunts adopted him. The daily abuse made him miserable. One day, James met a mysterious old man. The old man’s magic made a huge peach grow in the yard. James climbed into the peach and met six insects who were also enchanted. They went to dream new york by giant peach together, and went through all kinds of difficulties along the way.

Matilda 1996

Matilda was gifted since she was a child. She began to take care of herself at the age of two. At the age of four, she was able to read books in the library by herself, but her parents were not proud of it. Instead, they always tortured her for her eagerness to learn. After Matilda went to school, her principal was a strong man who liked to abuse students and threw them out of the window at every turn. The only thing that brings Matilda comfort is her teacher, Miss Henny, but Miss Henny also has her own secrets. Matilda gradually discovered that she had the special function of moving things with her mind. She used this skill to teach the headmaster and help Miss Henny.

The Witch 1990

Luke, a little boy whose parents died, lived alone with his grandmother. When the grandparents and grandchildren went to the hotel for a holiday, Luke broke into a big gathering of witches all over Britain and was turned into a mouse by witches. Luke decided to fight with the witches in order to prevent them from hurting other children.

In the era of information explosion, when you wake up, it’s terrible that the full screen of little red dot always makes your heart scratch the wall. The inner os of patients with deep social fear: "three days visible" is a kind of interruption, it is best to be a "network vacuum person", or goodbye completely, social network.

When social media has quietly become an indispensable part of daily life, modern people are also surrendering their own data unnoticed. Nowadays, businesses that undertake the disappearance or tracking of the Internet have also emerged.People have to think about how to be wary of using their social accounts, or whether to simply escape.

"Connecting" is the tenet of Facebook. "Connecting people’s social vision is my top priority." Zuckerberg said before the hearing in April. At that time, tens of millions of Facebook users found that their private data had been leaked to Cambridge Analytica.

Studies have found that through close self-exposure, people become closer to each other. have onlyPeople have no privacy concerns about using these platforms in depth, and social media can make interpersonal communication so close.Paradoxically, these tools were created to keep people acquainted at a certain distance.

Julie Beck, senior deputy editor of Atlantic Monthly, recently conducted a study to try toVerify how much people look at themselves when using social media, and whether Cambridge analyzes whether corporate scandals have affected their use of Facebook and other platforms.Beck also shared the data with Sauvik Das, associate professor of interactive computing at Georgia Institute of Technology, and Sarita Schoenebeck, director of Living Online Laboratory at the University of Michigan. They also made some basic analysis of some data.

Of course, this survey is not rigorous. Atlantic Monthly sends the survey to readers through Facebook, Twitter, subscription mail and membership projects, so it is not a demographic sampling. Among the 2218 respondents, 82% are white, and most of them are from the United States; Women account for 59%, men for 40%, and 1% of other genders; Respondents are also distributed in a wide range of age groups, but generally tend to be older groups.

The survey results show what people are willing/unwilling to share on social media, the degree of trust in different platforms, and how privacy issues affect user behavior. In addition, Beck also followed up with some readers to learn their detailed views on social media privacy issues.

Overall, 78.8% of the respondents indicated that they were "very" or "somewhat" worried about their information privacy on social media; 82.2% said they would conduct self-censorship on social media. Das analysis mentioned that older people are more likely to conduct self-censorship because of privacy concerns than younger people, but for all age groups, the proportion is 75% or more. In this survey,"Self-censorship" is defined as "users will prevent themselves from publishing content they want to share for fear of privacy disclosure".

David Garvey, a 27-year-old sales executive working in Boston, began to pay attention to self-censorship before Cambridge Analytica broke out. The reason is that David once posted a photo of drinking in high school on Facebook, and his friend’s mother complained to the principal after seeing it.

"Through that,I realized that anything posted on social media would be watched by others at any time."Garvey said," so I hardly send anything.Anything sent out may be publicly consumed.I try to avoid this situation,Keep your social life in intimate circles.Garvey said that he was not really worried about privacy on social media because he was careful enough about what he posted.

Among the respondents,Facebook is currently the most used but least trusted social network.57.9% of platform users said that they "almost don’t trust" Facebook or "don’t trust" Facebook’s protection of personal information privacy. Respondents have different attitudes towards other platforms such as Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Pinterest and Snapchat. Most of them are neutral or uncertain, and Facebook’s Instagram has a higher degree of trust. Several interviewees said that they know that Instagram belongs to Facebook, but they feel that most of the pictures shared on Instagram are not so easy to be used.

A Facebook spokesperson mentioned to Beck in an email that,In the past few months after the Cambridge Analytica scandal broke out in March, the company did not find any significant impact on user behavior."What we have seen is that people are more concerned about data privacy and understand their control and choice." In order to let users better "control" the privacy of their accounts, Facebook provides more concise privacy settings, and plans to develop a "history cleaning" function, so that users can delete data collected from external resources of Facebook.

However, some people began to think about how to use or whether to use Facebook after analyzing the company incident in Cambridge. In Beck’s survey, 99% of the respondents said they knew about the incident. Such a high proportion is certainly not unusual. After all, the survey was mainly aimed at readers of Atlantic Monthly, which paid close attention to this scandal. Among them,41.9% of people said that they changed their behavior of using Facebook because they knew this news, mainly because they were more careful about what they posted.But Das reminded,"When it comes to privacy, people often say one thing and do another."

A small number of voices (9.6%) said that they deleted or frozen their Facebook accounts after the scandal broke out.After the Cambridge Analytica incident, Facebook refused to provide the average number of accounts that people freeze or delete every month.

Janice Riggs, a blogger in Chicago, deleted her Facebook account after hearing about the incident. "It’s just one thing I can get rid of in my life," she said. "I don’t use Facebook and I don’t believe it, so I just closed my account, and so did my husband. But I also know people who say that they will not really completely abandon Facebook. " In addition, Riggs also mentioned that it is still very troublesome to figure out how to delete Facebook account, and she finally searched a lot of operation guides on Google.

A small percentage (25.6%) said that theyAfter analyzing the company events in Cambridge, I changed my usage behavior on other social media platforms, mainly by becoming more careful, sending less things or changing privacy settings.

In addition to Cambridge’s analysis of the impact of corporate events, on the whole,Respondents said that the content they posted on social media was not as personal as it was five years ago.A total of 60% people said that the content they posted was "very impersonal" or "relatively impersonal", but 25.7% people remained the same.

In 2016, The Information reported that, at least on Facebook, original personal sharing (compared with emoticons or links) is decreasing. API)2015 survey by the American Journalism Institute (API) found that millennials pay more attention to privacy issues than in the past.

"I think people are increasingly accepting that social media is a part of life." Das said. This is also reflected in himself. Das found himself sharing work updates or major personal events on Facebook. "In the past, I only posted irrelevant content."

As the freshness of social media has passed and its practicality has become stronger, perhaps people will realize more and more that private information is the price paid when using social media. Of course, some people don’t care about it.

"If Facebook wants to extract my data to improve the whole algorithm, just do it." Garvey said, "I think this will bring net benefits to society. These data are valuable, and more constructive insights can be found from them, not harmful. "

"mark zuckerberg is a genius of Facebook," said Shirley O’Key, a 98-year-old retired teacher living in California. "He has admirable goals, and he wants to provide communication channels for the world. I have great confidence in his sincerity in doing these things. Of course, he was also blocked, because everyone said he didn’t protect his privacy. However, we should realize that nothing in the world is private. "

Maybe people are not ignorant, just confused for a while. Beck’s colleague Alexis Madrigal pointed out that,The development of Facebook will not be hindered. It has grown and is very important to the lives of too many people. No negative news can really affect it.Facebook is unique, at least in terms of necessity. In Beck’s survey, most Facebook users (68.6%) said that without Facebook, their social life would be "a little", "average" and "great". For other social media platforms, most people’s attitude is that social life without it will "not suffer at all".

Regina Goodrich, a 26-year-old retail worker in Florida, said that she had frozen her Facebook account about five times in the past five years, but she couldn’t help but use it again. "I’m probably too afraid to miss something." Goodrich said. But recently, she completely deleted her account.It’s not because of Cambridge Analytica’s scandal, but because Facebook makes her feel too anxious. However, "privacy concerns are also one of the reasons."

However, in this survey, most people still reflect that they will not change their behavior of using social media because of this scandal.

Taylor Moore, a 22-year-old digital marketer in Chicago, said that Facebook is her "main social network" and she uses Facebook Messenger more than SMS. "If I have to delete some apps, deleting Facebook will definitely cause heavy losses." For Cambridge Analytica, Moore thought it was more like a "violation", and she didn’t change her usage habits because of it.

"The Cambridge Analytica incident is not the first time Facebook has fallen into a privacy storm." Schoenebeck said, "This kind of news has been breaking out for ten years. Every time we meet, people seem to think,’ This time it’s true, we must stay away from Facebook’. But then people forgot about it. Facebook is almost like a public tool, because people, especially adults, feel that they have to use it.So I don’t think people will associate using Facebook with trusting it.After all, many institutions and organizations are using it, such as workplaces, schools, community centers, churches, etc. People will miss many things if they don’t use it. "

Although the invasion of privacy will cause some people to completely quit some platforms, from a macro perspective, the dominant position of social media will not be shaken."It seems impossible to stop using the existing platform and return to the traditional social ways in the past." Das said, "We can’t stop using social media because they have completely changed the way we socialize, at least in this country."

On the contrary, if we continue to rely on social media to maintain relationships, then privacy violations that damage trust may lead to chilling effect. People will not give up social media, but they will use it more quietly, carefully and less personally. Social media is not a good tool for real connections.