Students from Siyuan Experimental School in Luxi County are dancing bamboo pole. Yuan Qingguo

Rural scene in Luxi county. Yuan Qingguo

　　Luxi County is located in the west of Hunan Province, at the southeast end of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, and it swims in the Yuan River. It is a key county for regional development and poverty alleviation in Wuling Mountain area, a county in the resettlement reservoir area of Wuqiangxi Hydropower Station, a national poverty-stricken county and an old revolutionary county. There are 147 villages (communities) in 11 townships in the county, with a total area of 1,565 square kilometers and a total population of about 320,000, of which the proportion of ethnic minorities is 62%.

　　Luxi, located in the depths of the mountains in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province, is a ethnic county with 62.3% ethnic minorities, an immigrant reservoir county that has not been connected by train so far, and a national poverty-stricken county with a recurrent financial income of less than 500 million yuan in 2018. It is such a county, but it has run an education that is recognized by the people and that teachers and students are unwilling to leave.

　　— — There are about 38,000 primary and middle school students in the county every year, and the number of students who choose schools to go to other places is almost zero. On the contrary, there are 2,075 students from other counties currently studying in the county.

　　— — In recent years, almost no teacher has been "poached". In 2019, the county transferred 4 teachers and transferred 24 teachers. Moreover, since 2010, more than 300 teachers in the county have voluntarily applied to teach in rural schools.

　　— — Almost no one dropped out of school. In 2019, the consolidation rate of students in the county was 100% in primary school, 99.5% in junior high school and 99.62% in senior high school. The junior high school academic level test ranked among the best in the state. Since 2016, a total of 2,928 students in the county have been admitted to undergraduate colleges, among which 14 students have been admitted to Tsinghua Peking University, ranking first in Xiangxi for 14 consecutive years in terms of undergraduate online rate and undergraduate online ratio of 10,000 people.

　　In 2018, Luxi passed the balanced development assessment of compulsory education with excellent grades. Du Jiahao, secretary of Hunan Provincial Party Committee, instructed: "Luxi has a good experience and should be promoted."

　　What is the Luxi experience? Why is it flying against the trend? With what? How did you do that? What is the reason for it China Education News reporters went to Luxi for more than a dozen times to witness the changes and seek answers.

　　Why can’t teachers "dig away"? Because "I am the best in the world"

　　Yang Shunqi, the principal of Luxi No.2 Middle School, who has worked in Luxi for 28 years, said that since 2016, there has been a grand "red carpet" ceremony for teachers’ day in the county: traffic control on the main roads of the county, police cars to maintain order, drum teams to play, and all the commended people dressed in red and received cheers and attention from everyone. Yang Shunqi walked this "red carpet" twice. "It’s not money, it’s honor." He said that at that moment, the feeling of "I am the best in the world" came to mind.

　　It is said that the most difficult thing in rural education is the construction of teachers. The most painful thing for the director of the Education Bureau is that excellent teachers "can’t get in, can’t stay, and can’t do well". Luxi has never had such troubles?

　　Of course, but Luxi people have solved them one by one with their own unique efforts.

　　1. Pay more attention to building houses and create "bullish" working conditions for rural teachers.

　　"I am the best in the world" is a psychological feeling. In fact, the foundation of Luxi teachers is not good.

　　Look at a set of data first:

　　There are 2,937 in-service teachers in the county. From the perspective of academic qualifications, there are 24 graduate students, 1,687 undergraduates and 1,067 specialists.

　　From the perspective of professional titles, there are 3 people in Zhenggao, 3 people in Super Grade, 531 people in Sub-grade, and 2,298 people in primary and secondary schools, accounting for the vast majority;

　　From the category point of view, the proportion of teachers who graduated from normal majors is not high, accounting for only 67%. Others graduated from non-normal majors, including 183 special post teachers.

　　This is a team with low overall academic qualifications, and few of them have graduated from key universities. 90% of teachers have graduated from local colleges, and Hunan Normal University can have a graduate, which is the "palm treasure" of the county.

　　Like other remote poverty-stricken counties in China, Luxi is difficult to recruit outstanding graduates as teachers. In 2016, the county formulated a talent introduction policy. Graduates from six normal universities directly under the Ministry of Education and "985" and "211" schools all gave a certain amount of resettlement fees, but it took more than three years to introduce 28 people. "After all, the traffic is too inconvenient and the economy is underdeveloped." Tan Zi, director of the county education and sports bureau, is very frank.

　　But as long as people arrive in Luxi, they rarely leave.

　　Why? House, tickets, seats? Is it the same old cliche? Yes, it’s not.

　　Say "yes" first.

　　Anyone who knows a little about Luxi education knows that as early as 2009, Luxi took the lead in implementing subsidies for rural teachers in China. At that time, rural primary teachers were able to get extra 300 yuan every month. Since 2012, this figure has greatly increased. Primary school teachers in villages can get up to 1,400 yuan more per person per month, and primary school and junior high school teachers in villages and towns can get more 500 yuan. The county finance arranges subsidy funds of 18.46 million yuan every year.

　　"The plate is not big, of course it’s easy." Some people might say that. Luxi plate is not big, with a total population of only 317,000, but we must know that in 2012, the fiscal revenue of Luxi County was only 310 million yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers was only 4,089 yuan.

　　"It was also forced out." In November 2013, the county magistrate Xiang Henglin said when he was named to attend the press conference of the Ministry of Education.

　　There are 175 schools in Luxi and 167 in rural areas, including 88 teaching points. There are 1989 rural teachers among the 2937 teaching staff in Luxi County. Like many rural counties in China, before 2009, the Education Bureau of Luxi County received more than 400 reports on entering the city every year, accounting for one-fifth of rural teachers. A large number of teachers flocked to the city, and rural schools gradually became "empty shell" schools.

　　Luxi people are determined to change. In 2009, under the auspices of Du Xiaoyong, then deputy secretary of the county party committee and county magistrate, the county government issued a formal document to take the lead in implementing the post allowance system for rural teachers in China.

　　It seems that there is an invisible baton. After that, not only teachers are willing to stay in the countryside, but there is even a phenomenon of "urban and rural backflow" in teacher allocation. Since 2010, more than 300 teachers have applied to teach in rural schools.

　　In 2014, there was a vacancy in Mawangxi Primary School, and six teachers from the central school competed for registration. Zhou Yuanying, 40, competed for this position with excellent teaching quality. "Excluding five insurances and one gold, you can get more than 70,000 yuan a year." Zhou Yuanying gave the reporter a rough calculation. She said that she and her husband Liu Keqi are both in Mawangxi Primary School, and their combined annual income is 150,000 yuan.

　　If the subsidy for teachers’ subsidies has made the revitalization of rural education in Luxi the first step, then the construction of teachers’ public housing is the second step.

　　Anyone who has taught in rural Hunan knows that rural schools don’t go home from work every day. They basically arrive at school on Sunday afternoon and leave on Friday afternoon, during which they basically live in school. Thousands of teachers, where are there so many houses in the school? So those who live in classrooms, laboratories, idle houses and even dangerous houses, "the eight immortals cross the sea and show their magical powers." In 2006, Xiangxi started the construction of teachers’ public housing, and the school set aside land and the teachers paid part of the funds. In three years, Luxi built 426 sets of teachers’ public housing, but there were still many teachers without housing.

　　It can be solved completely, one or two thousand sets, even at the lowest price and the smallest area, the investment is hundreds of millions. where is the money to come from? Luxi creatively integrated funds from all parties and even built low-rent housing into schools. Finally, since 2011, 1,643 sets of low-rent housing and 216 sets of public housing have appeared in dozens of schools, and there is a set of rural teachers without housing in the county. The reporter saw in Xinglongchang Town Central Primary School that Shu Hongbo, a 24-year-old young teacher, lives in a 50-square-meter low-rent house with two rooms, one living room, one kitchen and one bathroom. Although it is not very big, it is packed with Li Lisoso. "This set in the city is hundreds of thousands. I just graduated four years ago and lived in such a good house. Although it is a bit biased and far from home, I am really practical." Shu Hongbo said.

　　2. Keep people more careful and create a "bullish" atmosphere for rural teachers.

　　Let’s talk about the "no" part.

　　In Luxi, it is easy for teachers to "dig away". Here is a set of intuitive and factual data: among the 2937 teachers in the county, more than 300 are from other counties and cities, but no one has returned in the past five years. In 2019, 4 people were transferred out and 24 people were transferred in.

　　Mo Shunqing, a school in Jishou, the capital of Xiangxi Prefecture, came to dig him, earning more than 200,000 yuan a year, and gave him a house instead of going.

　　Tian Yunkun, a native of Phoenix, or a school in Jishou wants to transfer him, and the offer is an annual salary of 167,000, not going;

　　Li Jianjun, the couple are both foreigners, and some schools offer high salaries to both of them, or not to go … …

　　Teachers have dignity and status, which has really formed a culture in Luxi. "What teachers care about is not money, but this respect, which makes them stand up straight." Tan Zi is easy to say.

　　How to respect? This respect should include two aspects: one is official, and if you do well, you will be rewarded with a future and a seat; Second, it is folk. The children have made great achievements and taught the common people word of mouth. Teachers can bring their own "bull spirit" wherever they go.

　　In Luxi, "where there is something, there is a place" is not an empty talk.

　　Although he was a rare undergraduate who graduated from Hunan Normal University in those years, he worked as an instructor in Luxi No.5 Middle School at the age of 28, but because of his poor health, Yang Shunqi, director of moral education in County No.1 Middle School, never thought about how to develop. Suddenly one day, Tan Zihao found Yang Shunqi and hoped that he would be the principal of No.2 Middle School. He was very surprised and immediately declined.

　　A year later, Tan Zihao found him again and explained the reason again: Why do you like you? Because I went to No.1 Middle School several times in the evening and saw that you were still marking papers at 90 pm, diligent; When I talked to you at that time, I found that you were a middle-level teacher for six years, and you still didn’t feel tired … …

　　Yang Shunqi did not expect that his own efforts and leadership were in the eyes. In 2017, after he arrived at No.2 Middle School, he was like a chicken blood, and when the principal took the class, he also gave the students compulsory remedial classes. "I love this career, no matter ordinary or poor." On the wall of his office, there is such a picture written by himself.

　　Li Jianjun, who graduated from Jishou University in 2006, took the initiative to apply to be a class teacher, with excellent classes, and set a new record in 2014 — — Three students from Tsinghua Peking University and an air force pilot were trained in the class. He never dreamed that in 2017, when he was less than 35 years old, he would be promoted directly from the deputy director of the teaching department to the principal of the county fifth middle school.

　　Caring for teachers is also an important part of respect. "I have traveled to almost every village." This is a cadre of the county education and sports bureau quietly observing the secretary, the county magistrate and the deputy magistrate in charge of education.

　　"I feel at home." Yang Deshang, a physics teacher from Anshan, Liaoning, who has worked in Luxi No.2 Middle School for seven years, talked about his seven years’ dribs and drabs, and talked about his mother who was thousands of miles away. The tears of the 30-year-old boy flowed down, but he dried his tears and added: "Because in Luxi, leaders have a sense of service, teachers don’t have to open their mouths if they have any difficulties." Just when the reporter interviewed, Tan Zihao was ready to introduce him to the object.

　　With respect and love from the villagers, the stories are endless. The reporter reported a story in Mutuo Village, a local cottage in Baiyangxi.

　　In April 2012, Yang Runsheng, a teacher at the teaching point in Baomutuo Village, who was in class, fell to the podium. The state hospital diagnosed thymoma and myasthenia gravis and needed to be sent to the provincial hospital for surgery immediately. It is estimated that the treatment fee will be 100,000 yuan.

　　The villagers in Baomutuo Village took the initiative to lend you 10,000 yuan, and he took 5,000 yuan. The oldest Li Apo in the village also paid out more than 200 yuan earned by selling wild onions and pumpkin flowers. With the concerted efforts of the villagers and donations from the school district, Yang Runsheng’s surgery expenses were collected the next day.

　　Yang Runsheng has an account book, which reads: 10,000 yuan owed to Qin Tianlin (2,000 yuan has been repaid) and 8,000 yuan owed to Qin Minqiu (500 yuan) & HELIP; … "The money on the ledger is still inexhaustible in my life. Only by teaching the children of the villagers well and teaching them into talents will I feel comfortable!" Yang Runsheng is jealous … …

　　3. Improve the professional quality, so that teachers have the confidence to be "bullish"

　　Only with good teachers can there be a good education.

　　"If you can’t teach well", where does the teacher come from? How to revitalize rural education?

　　To grasp the growth of teachers, the first thing is to establish quality orientation.

　　For Luxi education, there are three most important documents in the education system, namely, the school target management assessment scheme, the teaching quality benefit evaluation scheme and the principal target management assessment scheme. Bonuses and awards depend on how these three schemes are implemented. Among them, the quality of education and teaching is in the most important position, occupying an important proportion of assessment.

　　The village allowance mentioned before is not that you can get an extra 1400 yuan a month as long as you teach in a village, but that you should ensure the quality. There is a large-scale quality inspection in the county every semester, and the test results are low. I’m sorry, don’t say that you are qualified to participate in the transfer examination.

　　It is also under such a baton that all the teachers in Luxi try to improve their teaching level and practice their "skills".

　　The second way is to lead the way by example, strengthen the education of teachers’ morality and style, and awaken and stimulate the sense of responsibility of teachers to the greatest extent.

　　The quality of education in Luxi is good. Are there any make-up classes? Sure. But that’s all done according to the rules. All teachers are absolutely not allowed to "tutor at home" and are absolutely not allowed to take part-time courses in various training courses. In the past three years, the county has also dismissed five illegal teachers.

　　The dedication and dedication of Luxi teachers are touching. When talking about their own work, their own schools and their own students, almost all of them are full of blood and passion.

　　Fu Haiou, born in 1980s, left her children in the county seat for her family to take, and came to Huangnichong Primary School, which is more than 50 kilometers away from the county seat. Now she has been holding on for seven years. In a class she once took over, there were 42 students in grade three, and the average score of language was only over 30 points, and several people only had a few points. Fu Haiou found junior textbooks, started with addition and subtraction, and used rest time for counseling every day. In 2016, the average score of Chinese in this class reached more than 80 points and 90 points in mathematics, ranking second in the county.

　　Zhang Changneng, a math teacher and head teacher in No.1 Middle School, devoted himself to more than 40 children in his class. He set up detailed files for all the children in his class: hobbies, academic achievements and life goals, but his son and two-year-old daughter, who were in junior high school, stayed at his mother-in-law’s house for a long time.

　　Tan Zihao called teachers like Fu Haiou and Zhang Changneng "Luxi Education Dreamers". He believes that only with more and more such "dreamers" can Luxi’s dream of revitalizing rural education come true.

　　Luxi’s third practice is to strengthen training, promote job rotation training, "famous teachers take apprentices" and help each other in pairs.

　　There are 175 primary and secondary schools in Luxi, but there are 31 large schools. Over the years, almost all the principals of these "big schools" have been sent to study in foreign classes, and the county will send 2-mdash every semester; 6 principals, 10— 20 young and middle-aged backbone teachers went to famous schools in developed areas for attachment training and study with their classes. Li Jianjun, the headmaster of No.5 Middle School, was sent to the "head teacher’s backbone class" in the state for further study, and went to the middle school attached to Hunan’s most famous Normal University to study with his classes. "Progress is not a little bit, it is a step every year." Li Jianjun said.

　　Zhang Shiquan, vice president of Wuxi No.2 Primary School, came back from Chaoyang District, Beijing for a semester and promoted "three-three micro-behaviors" in the school. Zhang Shiquan said that among the 338 students in the school, 90% are left-behind children, and more than 30% are children of poor households who set up files. The education of behavior habits is their focus. "They all learned from Beijing." Zhang Shiquan said.

　　With limited financial resources, it is impossible to "send out" more. The most important thing is to rely on our own training. The figure from the County Education and Sports Bureau is that from 2015 to 2018, the county has completed 12,000 teacher trainings in the past three years.

　　Why can students stay? Because you can go to school at your doorstep.

　　There are 175 schools in Luxi, including 4 high schools, and none of them are provincial demonstration (provincial key) high schools, which are rare in Hunan.

　　Another rare phenomenon is that not only high schools, including primary schools and junior high schools, but also those who go out to work with their parents, almost none of Luxi’s children go to other places to study. On the contrary, there are many foreign children who come here. In 2019, the number was 2,075, exceeding 5% of the primary and secondary school students in the county.

　　Another rare phenomenon is that there are 175 schools in 147 villages in Luxi, that is to say, almost every village has a school. Among the 175 schools, there are 130 with fewer than 100 students, among which there are 54 "one-person schools" with only one teacher. Why are there so many small schools? "If there is no school in a village, there is no cultural element." When other places began to merge rural schools on a large scale, Luxi did not forcibly merge a small village according to the actual situation in the county and the requirements of the people, but just disappeared naturally.

　　In 2018, when Luxi accepted the balanced acceptance of national compulsory education, some evaluation experts lamented that every school in Luxi, regardless of urban and rural areas, had almost no difference in hardware, teachers and quality.

　　"We want to see the worst village."

　　"There is no worst, only the most remote."

　　This is a real conversation in the interview. It is Tan Zihao who answers the reporter’s questions.

　　Early the next morning after the end of the dialogue, he took the reporter around Jishou, walked for more than two hours on the winding mountain road, and went straight to Shuika Primary School in Jiefangyan Township, the most remote place in the county.

　　Shuika Primary School has 51 students and 4 teachers. The school is built on the mountain. After climbing two platforms, a teaching building is hidden under a big tree, and the campus looks quiet and cool. Although the teaching building is old, it is clean and tidy. It is class time, and there is a sound of books in the classroom.

　　How to manage a small and remote village? Tan Zihao said that Luxi’s way is to strengthen teachers through subsidies and teaching system, to grasp routine through education supervision, and to formulate "18 rules for village small schools" to promote construction. "As long as there are students, there must be schools; As long as there is a school, we must satisfy the people. " This is what Luxi educators demand of themselves. In order to complete the "30 One" capital construction configuration of 130 small-scale schools in the county, the county invested more than 7 million yuan back and forth, which really made "any school look good".

　　During the interview, the reporter saw in Huangnichong Primary School in Xiaozhang Township that two young "the most sought-after public-funded normal students in the county", Chen Zihua and Deng Xiaojie, volunteered to go down from the central school to the village school and volunteered to take classes. "I want to do an experiment." Chen Zihua, 24, is full of confidence. Neat writing on the blackboard, standard Mandarin and youthful smiles, both of them are "full of educational ideals", and the county is very supportive of letting them do it.

　　Running every school well, of course, is not just running small villages. "If the whole Luxi education is likened to a train, and each township school is a carriage, then the town school is ‘ Locomotive ’ To enhance motivation, lead demonstrations, and run with everyone. " Xiang Ziquan, deputy director of the county education and sports bureau, said that for a school, the "locomotive role" of famous teachers is indispensable; For a county, the famous school "locomotive" plays an indispensable role.

　　Siyuan Experimental School, the "locomotive", has played an excellent demonstration role in the county. "It’s the direction." In the interview, more than one principal said so. This nine-year consistent school, which was put into use in September 2014, has 45 comprehensive practice classes, which are rare in big cities. The whole school has also established 67 societies.

　　In addition to general recitation, calligraphy, painting, scientific and technological innovation, dance, calligraphy, vocal music, erhu, etc., the special courses offered by the school actually include chen river’s high-pitched tune, carving flowers by stepping on a tiger, rolling iron rings and walking on stilts. Students choose independently according to their hobbies or personal specialties, and take classes in two special classes on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons every week. These courses are all free.

　　To run every school well, there is also a township school that is described as a "sandwich class" — — Between the village and the city, in Luxi, 54.7% of the students are studying in township schools.

　　How can the "sandwiched layer" not be "sandwiched"? Luxi’s practice, in addition to the strong teachers mentioned above, has two other aspects: strengthening the team and helping each other in pairs.

　　Luxi County No.3 Middle School, located in Xinglong Town, once had a high school with good quality, but after the high school was closed, the school began to decline for various reasons. Xinglongchang is a big town in Luxi. If the No.3 Middle School is not well run, tens of thousands of people around it will be affected. Luxi is determined to change the face of No.3 Middle School.

　　In April 2016, Shang Yuandao, the deputy magistrate, led Tan Zihao and others to enter No.3 Middle School. Listening to lectures, talking and investigating lasted for three whole days. After that, the third middle school team was completely reorganized, and young, capable, thoughtful and energetic Chen Yongguo was elected as the principal. In the second autumn, Li Yongsheng, the best vice president of junior high school and Baisha Middle School in the county, became the resident vice president of this rural school and directly participated in school management. Li Yongsheng introduced some effective practices from Baisha Middle School and organized excellent teachers from Baisha Middle School to teach at home. By the end of June this year, more than 50 lectures and more than 20 pairs of teachers and apprentices had been sent.

　　The "software" here has been greatly changed, and the hardware there has been greatly invested: in three years, more than 2 million yuan has been invested, the teaching building has been rebuilt, and the school facilities have been added. The two-pronged approach has greatly changed the face of the Third Middle School. In 2017, the seven subjects in the state’s third grade academic level examination ranked first in the county’s rural independent junior high schools, and the high school online rate and admission rate ranked second in rural independent junior high schools; In 2018, the county advanced unit of teaching quality and benefit evaluation; Since 2017, more than 30 students have been transferred back to school, and the number of students enrolled in 2018 reached 399.

　　Why are educators full of passion? Because fine management makes people "spiritually multiply"

　　The reporter has interviewed Luxi many times, and a strong impression is that Luxi people always do the same educational work more realistically, carefully and in place than others. Where does such strong execution come from?

　　1. Match the "leader" and dredge the "intestinal obstruction"

　　An important starting point for Luxi to "run every school well" is to "catch the midfield", and this "midfield" is the school principal and middle-level cadres and the head of the Education Bureau. “‘ Midfield ’ Strong, the party and the country’s educational principles and policies can be well implemented; ‘ Midfield ’ Weak, there are policies that cannot be implemented above, and there are expectations that cannot be realized below. "

　　In fact, this phenomenon has happened in Luxi.

　　Because of this, Tan Zihao and the bureau team took the "midfield construction" of education as the first fire after competing for posts at the end of 2015. Since 2016, the county has promoted and adjusted 12 principals and removed 8 posts; There are 8 directors of 24 units in the bureau. Some people predict that the education system will "shake the earth"; It is also speculated that Tan Zihao may not last long. However, the result disappointed the "prophets".

　　What is the reason for it

　　"It is to act according to the rules. Although the intensity is great, it is well-founded." Tan Zihao introduced that, in terms of the adjustment of the principal, apart from the age factor, the others are ability and performance. The basis is the "Annual Performance Assessment Plan for Primary and Secondary School Principals" issued by the Education and Sports Bureau of Luxi County in 2016, in which the hard leverage is real. For example, Luxi particularly emphasizes the principal’s position consciousness. When the principal leaves school on weekdays, he must report to the office of the County Education and Sports Bureau. Leave the post once without authorization, and miss out on Excellence; Three times, dismissed on the spot.

　　There are too many hard levers, can the principals still display their hands and feet? The answer is, of course, yes. "Within the scope of the principal’s authority, you can do it boldly." Yang Zhixiang, president of Siyuan Experimental School, said that he is now "worried about three things", "worried about teachers, worried about funds, and worried that his ideas will not be supported". The school has opened more than 50 elective courses, and invited the "non-legacy" celebrities in the county to give lectures. Shang Yuanyuan, the deputy magistrate, personally found the Minzong Cultural Tourism Bureau. Now, national culture and "non-legacy" are flourishing in the school.

　　With the vigor of the principal, the school will soon "rise".

　　Jiefang Rock School is a typical example. This school is the farthest from the county seat, and has always been a local principal. The school management is often hindered by the worldly wisdom, and the teaching quality is at the bottom of the county, and the students flow out year by year. In August, 2017, the county transferred Li Shaohui, the vice president who was very disciplined in teaching in No.3 Middle School, to Jiefangyan School as the principal. In less than a year, the quality of the school has reached a higher level, ranking second in the county for two consecutive years in the quality monitoring of nine-year compulsory schools in rural areas.

　　It is worth mentioning that Luxi’s "education midfield" is not only the principal and the head of the stock room, but also the middle level of the school. Its management authority is moved up, and its appointment and dismissal are decided by the party group of the Education and Sports Bureau through discussion. There are clear system provisions for "up" and "down". Since the implementation of the system of "being able to go up and down", the county has appointed and removed 86 middle-level cadres, 13 of whom have been held accountable for problems such as low work efficiency and laziness. Those who pass the examination can enter the training class for young cadres. It is not easy to become a young cadre training class student. First, it must be recommended by the school, and then it must be investigated by the personnel, basic education, discipline inspection, school security, supervision and other departments organized by the bureau. This class is held once a year, with about 50 students in each class. This is an inevitable procedure for promotion and appointment.

　　"Being able to go up and down" has activated a pool of spring water in the cadre team, and the execution of the whole team has been greatly enhanced. "Now, what decisions are made in the bureau, and the school can implement them to the letter." Tan Zi is easy to say.

　　2. "Bundle assessment" makes leadership services more, and makes "prestigious schools" more responsible for rural schools.

　　Luxi County Education and Sports Bureau has a school security unit, and its work has been very bright in recent years. However, in 2018, the staff of this unit failed to get a performance of 5,000 yuan at the end of the year, because the quality of its "bundled" Xiaozhang Primary School declined a lot, so Xiang Ziquan, the deputy director in charge of this unit and contacting this area, could not evaluate it.

　　"Bundle management" is the characteristic of Luxi. This includes two aspects. First, there are 28 stock rooms in the Education Bureau, corresponding to 32 schools in the county, and the evaluation scores of schools are directly linked to the annual assessment of stock rooms. Second, the universities and famous schools with better conditions in the county are "bundled and assessed" with the work indicators of the rural schools that they "one-on-one" help.

　　Such a policy makes principals feel more responsible. "If our school doesn’t run well, it will bring trouble to the leaders of the relevant bureaus and the stock room, which gives us great motivation." A principal said. As a responsible community, the leaders and the stock room are equally "under great pressure", and they can only actively make suggestions and solve problems for the bundled schools. The basic education unit is "bundled" with Baisha Primary School, Baisha Middle School and Luxi No.1 Middle School. These three schools are all famous schools in urban areas, and enrollment every year is a test that must be faced. Every enrollment season, Xie Yongliang and the comrades in the stock room take the initiative to make face-to-face policy interpretations with parents to dispel doubts and doubts. "After all, we are the staff of functional departments, with a more thorough understanding of policies, more authoritative answers and more convincing parents." Xie Yongliang said.

　　"Bundle management" is also forcing functional departments to improve their work style and enhance their service awareness. Careful teachers have found that the schemes and evaluation systems formulated by the Education and Sports Bureau in recent years rarely have one vote rejected. "One-vote veto is less, and democratic education is more. If there is more democracy, there will be more warmth. " Mo Bofang, director of the office of the county education and sports bureau, has some detours, but the truth is clear.

　　Luxi’s second "binding" is "pairing assistance" to teach. The schools at all levels in the county’s compulsory education stage were scientifically paired according to three categories, and each town’s high-quality proofreading helped 1-mdash; 2 rural weak schools, a total of 125 pairs. Taking a five-year cycle, these "couples" start with five major sections: management assistance, teacher assistance, resource assistance, cultural assistance and student assistance, and implement "four bundles": work target bundling, leadership responsibility bundling, work responsibility bundling, assessment reward and punishment bundling, and "grafting" the school-running concept and management experience of urban quality schools to rural schools to promote the integrated development of urban and rural education. "For example, the quality evaluation binding, the quality evaluation of the aided school accounts for 30% of the quality evaluation score of the aided school." Xie Yongliang, head of the basic education, added.

　　Since 2016, the county has sent 138 urban school teachers to support weak rural schools. What’s the effect?

　　The reporter bumped for more than two hours and came to Yongxingchang Primary School. The teaching building and comprehensive building were almost all new buildings. "It wasn’t like this before." Principal Yang Jinwei said that the school used to be very shabby. In that year, a special post teacher was assigned and left without opening his luggage. In March 2017, the county arranged Baisha Primary School to help. Baisha Primary School not only sent the backbone, but also let the new young teachers of Yongxingchang Primary School study in depth, understand the class management, study in class, visit the class cultural layout, and participate in the collective evaluation. "It is to open the door and pair up deeply." Zhou Jiansheng, principal of Baisha Primary School, described it.

　　"Our class culture has become a bright spot, actually learning Baisha Primary School." Yang Jinwei, the president of Xinglongchang, said that he had also studied in many places, including other provinces, but many practices of others were too "high" to learn, and this kind of localized help was the most effective. Indeed, in 2017, the comprehensive ranking of Yongxingchang Primary School rose by six places from the bottom of similar schools. The science taught by Li Yanmei, a teacher who just joined the work for two years, won the first prize in the county-wide random examination in 2017, achieving a historic breakthrough in teaching quality.

　　According to statistics, as of June 2019, there were 125 pairs of schools in the county, with more than 2,300 teachers deeply involved, and more than 900 activities of sending teachers, research institutes and training to the countryside were carried out, with more than 18,000 participants.

　　3. Pay attention to routine, supervision, strengthen process management and build a standard "production line"

　　The reporter reviewed the briefing on key work supervision from 2018 to May 2019. The report is divided into four parts: stock room work, school work, existing problems and report praise. The content includes more than 10 tasks, including education and teaching, party building work, accurate poverty alleviation, safety work, class attendance and evaluation, teacher’s morality and style, and pairing assistance.

　　Since 2016, such a notification has been held in Luxi for four years. The supervision bulletin has exerted great power, and no one dares to take it lightly. "Our principals are very concerned, every copy must be seen, and teachers must be organized to learn." Hu Fangping, principal of Mingde Primary School, said that if there are problems in the report, they will immediately organize rectification. If there are no problems, they will also reflect on other schools.

　　This result is the result of Luxi’s innovative supervision means.

　　Grasping management and quality through supervision is also one of Luxi’s experiences in running every school well.

　　The work of the inspector’s responsibility area in Luxi is different from other places. It is not set according to the region, but according to the school category, that is, preschool education, primary school, middle school and nine-year compulsory education. Each responsibility area employs two full-time inspectors, and 31 deputy school-level personnel are employed as supervisors in 31 schools and large kindergartens, so that supervision can basically be carried out in all directions without dead ends.

　　"See people and see things, supervise and reform, and ask for accountability." Zhang Xianbiao, director of the Supervision Office of the County Education and Sports Bureau, said that this is the job requirement of the bureau for inspectors, not only "supervising", but more importantly "guiding" and serving. Not only supervise the school, but also supervise the units in the bureau. The system of pre-arrangement on January 1st, supervision on January 1st, summary on January 1st, and notification on January 1st. Every school that is responsible for the inspector shall supervise and urge the full implementation of all work and education and teaching routines by means of "four noes and two straights" every month (no notice, no greeting, no report, no accompanying reception, going straight to the grassroots and going straight to the scene).

　　Fu Zhen, who is 60 years old this year, is a full-time inspector in the primary school responsibility area. Before that, he worked as the vice president of teaching for 14 years and has rich experience in education and teaching. Chaodi Primary School in Dalan Town is 20 miles away from the mountain road in the town. There are only nine students and two teachers. Because the teachers are older and less motivated, the teaching quality can’t keep up. After the start of school in the fall of 2018, Fu Zhen came to the school over the mountains to check the routine, make demands and make suggestions. The working attitudes of the two teachers have greatly changed. Fu Zhen said that if a problem is found and solved in every school, then 10 schools will solve 10 problems. "The fewer school problems, the better the school will be."

　　"It is very helpful to us, and we are all looking forward to their coming." Chen Yongguo, the principal of No.3 Middle School, said that the responsible inspectors are very professional, which is equivalent to a physical examination and diagnosis of the school once a month. If there is a problem, they will prescribe it in time.

　　When it comes to Luxi’s education management, we have to mention its large-scale publicity of school affairs, and its main carrier is the "monthly meeting of school affairs supervision" system. Bao Rongchang, director of the Discipline Inspection and Supervision Office of the County Education and Sports Bureau, introduced this "monthly meeting" to us in detail: fixed time, before the 10 th of each month; Fixed participants, school team members, discipline inspectors, and representatives of teachers’ congresses are more than 5, and participants can also be clearly absent according to the needs of the meeting; Fix the agenda and requirements of the meeting.

　　"At first, some principals were not welcome. In their view, this challenge to management authority, the key is to prepare more things, trouble, it is simply unnecessary. The representatives of the teachers’ congress who attended the meeting were also not very comfortable, unable to show their feelings and lose face. But after a period of implementation, the effect will appear. " Bao Rongchang said that he cited a typical case.

　　In the past, the head teacher’s allowance, substitute fees, overtime pay and other expenses of Luxi School were all "showing their magical powers", which was somewhat inconsistent with the policy and "can do but can’t say". If there was any violation, the principal and the team would bear the responsibility. Financing channels and distribution methods were not adopted at the monthly meeting of some schools. What should we do? The school reports to the station, and the station reports to the county. Great, the county attaches great importance to it. The allowance of the head teacher is guaranteed by the finance, and the substitute fee and overtime pay are converted into workload. The principals relaxed and became staunch supporters of the monthly meeting. (Reporter Li Lunzhen Yang Xiye Lai Sijie Correspondent Li Maolin Ni Zhengsong Li Chang)

[Reading Classics Theory]

At the celebration of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized "developing people’s democracy in the whole process". The whole process of people’s democracy is real democracy, which reveals the essential characteristics of socialist democracy, that is, the people are the masters of the country; The whole process of people’s democracy is also concrete democracy, which is a summary of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theory and practice of people’s democracy. The discussion of democracy has always been an important aspect of Marxist classical writers’ in-depth thinking. Engels pointed out in his letter to Ai Bernstein on March 24, 1884 that democracy is not abstract and static, and "the concept of democracy … changes with the change of people every time". It can be seen that democracy should be concrete and historical. Reviewing Engels’ assertion can provide theoretical support for us to understand more accurately the vivid practice of people’s democracy in the whole process of contemporary China.

There is no abstract democracy in the world.

Engels specifically talked about the issue of "democracy" in his letter to Ai Bernstein: "Democracy … this’ concept’ changes with the changes of the people every time … In my opinion, it should be said that the proletariat needs the form of democracy in order to seize political power, but for the proletariat, this form, like all political forms, is just a means."

The word "democracy" in German means "the people are in power". Engels argued that the concept of the people is changing, so the concept of democracy should also change with the changes of the people. The proletariat has its own understanding of democracy, and those backward classes also have their own understanding of democracy. Engels pointed out that "if someone wants to regard democracy as an end today, he must rely on … those dying classes". Democracy here refers to bourgeois democracy. In the eyes of "those dying classes", bourgeois democracy is regarded as an end. For the proletariat, bourgeois democracy is not impossible for us, but it can only be regarded as a means, not as an end. The goal of the proletariat is to establish real democracy. As Marx and Engels pointed out in the communist party Declaration, seizing political power and striving for democracy are the first step of the proletarian revolution. "The first step of the workers’ revolution is to make the proletariat rise to the ruling class and strive for democracy". Only after the proletariat, through class struggle, breaks the bourgeois state machine in the revolution and establishes the dictatorship of the proletariat can a real democratic system be established.

Democracy and "people in power" are always concrete and historical, because the people here are always concrete and historical. In different historical periods, the people have different contents, including different classes, strata and groups. Marx said, "The state is an abstract thing. Only the people are concrete things. " Comrade Mao Zedong put forward more clearly: "There is only concrete freedom and concrete democracy in the world, but there is no abstract freedom and abstract democracy." Therefore, we can’t talk about democracy in the abstract, but we should distinguish the specific connotation of people and democracy.

The economic base determines whether people can be masters of their own affairs.

The concept of democracy changes with the changes of the people. Fundamentally speaking, this change is determined by the economic base. Lenin pointed out: "Any democracy, like any political superstructure (this superstructure must exist before the class is eliminated and the classless society is established), in the final analysis, it serves production and is determined by the production relations in that society." The concept of democracy changes with the changes of the people, and the people’s practical activities themselves are restricted by certain social and historical conditions, among which economic conditions play a primary and decisive role. In different production relations or economic systems, people’s practical activities and their functions are different, so the form of democracy varies with the economic base and people’s practical activities, and develops with their development.

Bourgeois democracy is based on capitalist private ownership. Therefore, although it is formally a "one-person-one-vote" electoral system, it is said that the "people" and the majority are the masters of the country, but in essence it only serves the dictatorship of the minority, that is, the bourgeoisie. As Lenin pointed out, "bourgeois democracy guarantees the equality of citizens regardless of gender, religion, race and nationality at any time and place, but it has never been implemented anywhere". Bourgeois democracy just "allows the oppressed to decide once every few years who will represent and suppress them in the parliament". Therefore, although bourgeois democracy has developed in line with the capitalist mode of production, it has played a certain progressive role in the development of human history. "But it is always a narrow, incomplete, hypocritical and deceptive democracy under the capitalist system, which is a paradise for the rich, a trap and a scam for the exploited and the poor." This form of democracy will eventually be replaced by socialist democracy.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the people are the masters of the country is the essence and core of socialist democratic politics". Socialism has eliminated the exploiting classes and enabled the overwhelming majority of the social population to be masters of their own affairs. Therefore, socialist democracy is the most extensive democracy that truly realizes the interests of the overwhelming majority of people in the history of human society.

The whole process of people’s democracy is the new development of socialist democracy.

The concept of democracy changes with the changes of the people. Only in the socialist stage, especially when the people can manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs according to law through various channels and forms, and actually participate in all aspects of these democratic practices, can such people truly become the masters of the country, society and their own destiny, thus realizing real democracy. Lenin once reminded Russian revolutionaries that "proletarian or Soviet democracy does not focus on declaring the rights and freedoms of all people, but actually ensures that those working people who have been oppressed and exploited by capital can actually participate in state management." Lenin used two "realities" to emphasize that only by paying close attention to implementation can the people truly be masters of their own affairs. Ensuring and supporting the people to be masters of their own affairs is not a slogan or empty talk, but must be implemented in all aspects of national political life and social life.

Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has United and led the people to successfully open up and adhere to the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and gradually implemented the requirements of the broadest socialist democracy. In November 2019, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Shanghai: "People’s democracy is a whole-process democracy, and all major legislative decisions are made through scientific and democratic decision-making in accordance with procedures and through democratic brewing." People’s democracy in the whole process not only adheres to and perfects the institutional requirements of socialist democracy for the participation subject and the comprehensive content, but also emphasizes the integrity of the actual participation process itself, so that the people’s subjective status is more respected and the people’s initiative spirit is better brought into play. The whole process of people’s democracy includes democratic election, democratic consultation, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Whether the people enjoy democratic rights depends on whether they have the right to vote in elections and whether they have the right to participate continuously in daily political life;" It depends on whether the people have the right to democratic elections and whether they have the right to democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision. Socialist democracy requires not only complete institutional procedures, but also complete participation in practice. " This important exposition points out that the whole process of people’s democracy emphasizes not only the complete institutional procedures, but also the complete participation in practice, the construction of the democratic system itself and the actual operation of the democratic system.This ensures that democracy in Socialism with Chinese characteristics is sustainable and can take root.

(Author: xingxing, a researcher at the Beijing Supreme Leader New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center and a researcher at the Marxist Text Research Center of the School of Philosophy of Beijing Normal University)

Figure ①: Recently, students from Xi ‘an Jiaotong University Student Association are helping the elderly to learn how to operate smart phones. People’s visual map ②: Wuxi Railway Station in Jiangsu Province opened a service channel without health code to provide convenient services for the elderly. People’s vision

　　Online booking registration, scanning code to pay for goods, and online car travel … … With the rapid development of mobile Internet, digitalization has profoundly changed people’s daily lives, but at the same time, it has also made some elderly people feel at a loss — — I can’t scan the health code and wander at the door of the community. I don’t need mobile payment to worry at the checkout counter. I won’t make an online appointment to go to the hospital and I can’t hang up the number … …

　　China has stepped into an aging society. According to the forecast of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the elderly population in China will exceed 300 million during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. On the one hand, it is an increasingly prominent aging phenomenon, and on the other hand, it is a rapidly developing digital society. How can the elderly keep up with the times and enjoy the dividends of scientific and technological progress?

　　The General Office of the State Council recently issued the "Implementation Plan on Effectively Solving the Difficulties of the Elderly in Using Intelligent Technology", which made arrangements for further solving the difficulties encountered by the elderly in using intelligent technology, adhering to the parallel of traditional service methods and intelligent service innovation, and providing more comprehensive, intimate and direct convenience services for the elderly.

　　What specific difficulties do the elderly currently face in using intelligent technology? Let them better adapt to and integrate into the smart society, what other aspects need to be exerted? The reporter conducted an investigation and interview on this.

　　The elderly have accelerated their "touching the net" and become a group of network users that cannot be ignored.

　　Continuously optimized smart devices and network services make life more convenient and fun for the elderly.

　　"Small degree, turn on the bedside light belt." As soon as the voice fell, light appeared in the dark night. This is the Yanshou Community Pension Service Station in Dashilan Street, Xicheng District, Beijing. Last summer, relying on Baidu artificial intelligence products such as "small smart screen", 71-year-old grandma Fang Kejie intelligently transformed her residence.

　　Click Bluetooth with one click to automatically connect devices. Fang Kejie, while skillfully operating, told reporters: "In the past, I always looked for my mobile phone in the dark before getting up at night, and turned on the light by the screen light. It was inevitable that I would bump into it when I was old. Now that you have a smart speaker, you can light the bedside lamp by moving your mouth, which is particularly convenient! "

　　"The registered population of Dashilan Street accounts for nearly 30% of the elderly over 60 years old, far exceeding the national average of 18.1%." Ma Naiqi, director of the "Silver Crane Zero Distance" Overall Dispatching Center in Dashilan Street, said that the simple mobile phone operation for ordinary people will become more complicated for the elderly. With the help of artificial intelligence products such as intelligent control lights, you can make an appointment for nutritious meals and get health information, so that the elderly can better enjoy the convenience and fun of intelligent life.

　　At home, the ever-changing smart devices make the elderly more comfortable; Going out, continuously optimized software services also make the elderly more worry-free.

　　Walking into a community in Haidian District, Beijing, Aunt Xin, who was strolling in the community after dinner, was surrounded by several neighborhoods who were both in their 60s. When she got closer, it turned out that she was introducing her online registration experience to everyone — — Open "Jing Yi Tong" WeChat WeChat official account, select "Medical Service", click "Register", fill in the list of hospitals and the date of medical treatment, and finally the online payment is completed.

　　"It’s so convenient, we have to try it!" The neighbors were amazed. Aunt Xin said that she used to queue up at the hospital at 5 o’clock in the morning, but now she can register on WeChat without leaving home. After tasting the sweetness of "touching the net", now I go to the market to buy food and go to the supermarket to shop. Aunt Xin has also joined the "cashless family". "With a light sweep, I can pay on the code!"

　　Older people enjoy digital life and take more actions on the road. In Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, more than 700 universities for the elderly have set up smart phone training courses to teach the elderly to learn how to pay by scanning code and register online. Since its opening, the number of applicants has almost been full. In Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, State Grid Power introduced the chip into smart plug, and the electricity consumption can be checked in real time through the mobile APP, which is convenient for the elderly to handle abnormal situations in time; A number of network platforms have launched formats specially designed for the elderly, and large fonts make the elderly no longer have reading disabilities … …

　　At present, with smart phones as the entrance, more and more elderly people are stepping into a new life of "mobile internet". According to Tencent’s Mobile Internet Report for Elderly Users, since 2012, the number of mobile Internet users in China has increased by 79%, and the number of elderly Internet users has increased by 130%. The speed at which the elderly touch the Internet is 1.6 times that of the overall mobile Internet popularization. In the use of apps, about 50% of elderly users downloaded more than 30 apps, including not only shopping and square dancing, but also financial stocks and securities, TV shopping sales, social security medical care and old-age care.

　　Entering the overlapping period of digitalization and aging, it is more and more important and urgent for the elderly, as a group of network users that can not be ignored, to meet their growing demand for information use and public services — —

　　"With the widespread use of information tools in society, the popularization of information technology will be a necessary condition to ensure the elderly to participate in social activities." Zhu Lihua, head of the Research Center for Smart, Healthy and Aging of Qingdao University, said that research shows that for the elderly, the Internet and social media can play a role in close communication with relatives and friends, promote social integration, improve healthy habits, enhance self-care ability and subjective well-being, and help to achieve a happy old age.

　　The significance of the elderly "touching the net" does not stop there. Liang Ma, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Renmin University of China, believes that breaking the consumption barriers of the elderly in the digital world will help release the consumption potential and greatly promote the development of e-commerce and digital economy.

　　In the longer term, letting the elderly enjoy digital convenience will also promote technological innovation in the opposite direction. According to Feng Wenmeng, a researcher in the Social Development Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, with the increasing number of elderly people, they will become an important service target for future product development, and technological innovation around the elderly group will become a new blue ocean for enterprises to participate in market competition.

　　It is convenient for the elderly to "touch the net" and break the obstacles of digital life for the elderly.

　　Increase the aging transformation of product technology to alleviate the anxiety of the elderly about new technologies.

　　In recent years, China’s Internet has continued to penetrate into the elderly population, but compared with the increasing number of elderly people, the current proportion of the elderly people surfing the Internet is still low, and many of the elderly who have "touched the Internet" cannot enjoy the digital life.

　　Where are the obstacles?

　　"The information barriers of the elderly mainly exist in three levels: access level, whether access services can be obtained; On the skill level, whether the software and hardware of information products will be used; At the content level, can you search, identify, use and manage relevant information on demand? "

　　Zhu Lihua analyzed that with the improvement of network infrastructure and the improvement of the consumption ability of the elderly, the current problems mainly appear at the skill level and content level.

　　On the one hand, the current technology and services are not friendly enough for the elderly, and it is difficult to meet the aging needs.

　　"Most of the products and services on the market are developed for the younger generation, and the needs of elderly users are not fully considered in the design concept." Wanglili, deputy director of the Institute of Aging Economy and Industry of China Aging Science Research Center, said, for example, the current mobile phone touch screen can’t provide a better touch feeling than physical buttons; In the interface interaction, it is mostly visual-oriented, lacking physical feedback, which increases the error rate and frustration of the elderly.

　　In this regard, Uncle Wang, a retired professor at Hongxing Community in Kunming, Yunnan, was deeply touched: "The words on the smart phone are too small to be seen without reading glasses, and there is only one screen. Sometimes I can’t find where the buttons are and I don’t know how to unlock them."

　　From the perspective of public services, compared with the construction of environmental accessibility, all sectors of society pay less attention to the information accessibility of the elderly. Wanglili said that in some places, when providing related services, they failed to fully adjust to aging. For example, they had to make an online reservation to book tickets in advance, refused to buy things in cash, and only provided a code-scanning travel channel, which made the elderly feel at a loss and difficult to adapt.

　　On the other hand, the elderly themselves have physiological dysfunction, and they are prone to anxiety in the face of new technologies.

　　In Guangming Community, Shushan District, Hefei City, Liu Li, who founded a smart phone training class, bluntly said that the elderly "classmates" have strong acceptance but are forgetful, and the two-hour course can usually only train one function.

　　Not only that, industry insiders analyzed that when facing smart devices such as computers and mobile phones, the elderly are always worried that they will damage their products by misoperation or be cheated by the Internet, which makes them often feel anxious when accepting new technology products.

　　This was confirmed in an interview with reporters. Although she is now a "network expert" in the community, Aunt Xin admits that at the beginning of her "touching the net", she always felt that the Internet was full of traps, fearing that mobile payment would be bound to a bank card, and the money on the card would be transferred away by others. After my son’s constant persuasion and repeated training, I was relieved to integrate into online life step by step.

　　In Zhu Lihua’s view, a good social environment for the elderly to participate in digital life has not yet been fully formed. The elderly have great individual differences, and their physical condition, psychological state, hobbies, past experiences and other factors will affect their attitude and behavior towards the Internet. All sectors of society have little understanding and concern about the difficulties encountered by the elderly in the information society at this stage.

　　"From the supply side, the information barrier-free industrial system and market effect for the elderly have not yet been fully formed, and it is difficult for related enterprises to make profits, resulting in fewer end products that can be used by key beneficiary groups and are cost-effective and easy to operate, and the effective supply in the market is obviously insufficient." The relevant person in charge of the Information and Communication Administration of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said.

　　The information barrier-free construction has achieved remarkable results, alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of digital life for the elderly.

　　Efforts should be made to improve market supply, optimize public services, and unite various forces.

　　It is the proper meaning of building an information society in an all-round way to better ensure the convenience of the elderly to participate in online life. In recent years, letting the elderly enjoy digital life is gradually attracting the attention of all walks of life. In 2015, the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Actively Promoting the" internet plus "Action" and proposed "building a network platform for old-age information services"; In 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and other ministries and commissions jointly issued the Action Plan for the Development of Smart and Healthy Pension Industry (2017— 2020), detailed planning of the road map for the development of smart pension products and services … … The successive introduction of various policies has alleviated the contradiction between supply and demand of digital life for the aged to some extent.

　　"After several years of development, the information barrier-free construction for the elderly has achieved positive results." According to the relevant person in charge of the Information and Communication Administration of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, since 2013, more than 800 government units have built information accessibility service platforms, and 32,000 government websites have achieved information accessibility. In addition, relevant departments organize some social communication, online shopping, life entertainment, news and information apps to carry out barrier-free transformation, which brings a lot of convenience for the elderly to obtain information.

　　Scholars and market participants interviewed believe that the following points should be grasped to adapt to the trend of population aging and social informatization and realize the goal of "information accessibility" for the elderly:

　　— — Improve market supply, guide enterprises to fully consider the needs of the elderly, and develop more high-quality and aging-suitable digital products.

　　Zhu Lihua suggested that market players should make great efforts to collect, analyze and excavate the demand of digital products and services for the elderly, deeply study the physical and psychological changes of the elderly, develop aging digital products, and accurately optimize the quality of products and services.

　　"For example, smart phones should consider diversified needs in the general design, so that elderly users can also choose products and services that are easy to accept and use." Wanglili said.

　　"The next step will continue to play the guiding role of the government and cultivate diversified market players in the elderly intelligence industry." According to the relevant person in charge of the Information and Communication Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is currently working with relevant industry authorities to give preferential treatment to enterprises that have made outstanding contributions to information barrier-free construction in rating evaluation, credit management and social responsibility assessment, so as to further mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises. Experts believe that the relative profit of digital products and services for the elderly is relatively low, and fiscal and taxation policies should support and encourage them.

　　— — Optimize public services, give consideration to traditional and emerging lifestyles, and set aside special service channels for the elderly.

　　"With the rapid development of information technology, the needs of different groups should be integrated, and traditional and emerging lifestyles should coexist for a period of time." Feng Wenmeng believes that before using digital means to facilitate the lives of the elderly, we must first ensure that their lives are barrier-free, and we must retain traditional channels as a transition to help them gradually move towards emerging channels. "In particular, the public service department should leave a window for offline services for the elderly, and traditional methods familiar to the elderly, such as offline customer service, manual telephone calls and paper forms, should be retained in due course."

　　In addition, the public service department can try to refine the service. For example, record the corresponding tutorial videos for different scenes, teach the elderly to learn how to handle the corresponding online business, alleviate the anxiety of the elderly who don’t know where to start, and also reduce the pressure of offline windows.

　　In recent years, it has gradually become a fashion to open special passages for the elderly. Jiangsu Wuxi Railway Station has set aside special channels for manual services for passengers who use old man-machine and can’t use WeChat. Many hospitals in Chaoyang District, Beijing have added a new channel &hellip to verify the health status of elderly patients who can’t show their health codes. … All these make the old people travel more smoothly.

　　— — Cohesion of various forces, relevant organizations, communities and families do their best to help the elderly groups keep up with the times.

　　"There are a variety of intelligent application scenarios in life, which increases the complexity of the participation of the elderly to a certain extent. It is necessary for multiple subjects involved in the lives of the elderly to do their best and take a multi-pronged approach." Zhu Lihua said.

　　At the community level, Ma Naichi suggested that various forms of training lectures and on-site classes should be actively organized to provide channels for the elderly to learn new technologies and new products. At the same time, more psychological counseling should be given to the elderly to guide them to actively change their concepts and dare to accept new things. "Relevant departments may wish to support and guide enterprises to increase relevant services by increasing the government’s purchase of services, so as to facilitate the elderly to learn network technology." Wanglili said.

　　Family efforts are also essential to help the elderly better integrate into the digital society. Zhu Lihua said that on the one hand, young people should use "technology" to feed back the elderly, so that the elderly can have more confidence in learning smart phones; On the other hand, we should also create opportunities to encourage and accompany the elderly to apply digital products and accompany them to learn the necessary digital life skills with more patience.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 25th (Reporter Tang Ningning, Xie Xiyao) He Yong, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, said on July 25th that China had noticed that the European Commission released the preliminary findings of its anti-dumping investigation on biodiesel in China on July 19th, and proposed to impose provisional anti-dumping duties on biodiesel imported from China. China is highly concerned about the protectionist actions of the European side in the biodiesel industry.

　　Recently, the European Commission announced that it would impose a temporary anti-dumping duty of 12.8% to 36.4% on biodiesel imported from China. In this regard, He Yongqian responded at the regular press conference of the Ministry of Commerce held on the 25th that China has always advocated the rational and prudent use of trade remedy measures, and urged the European side not to rashly adopt trade protectionist measures and resolve mutual concerns with China through dialogue and consultation.

　　"The EU is the world’s largest consumer of biodiesel. The import of biodiesel from China is to meet the huge consumer demand in the EU market and accelerate the realization of its own green transformation and energy conservation and emission reduction goals." He Yongqian said that China has repeatedly stressed that European taxation measures will only raise the cost of related products, harm the interests of related industries and consumers in the EU, and undermine the EU’s green transformation process and the overall situation of China-EU economic and trade cooperation.

　　CCTV News:A few days ago, the Office of the State Council Education Steering Committee issued the Interim Measures for Special Supervision of Safety Work in Primary and Secondary Schools (Kindergartens) (hereinafter referred to as the Measures). The "Measures" pointed out that the prevention and response of key issues such as drowning prevention, traffic accidents, school bullying and violence, school-related and student-related crimes, psychological and behavioral counseling and correction will be mainly supervised by relevant functional departments, primary and secondary schools.

　　The Measures consists of 5 chapters and 19 articles, mainly including five aspects: general principles, supervision contents, organization and implementation, application of results and supplementary provisions, which systematically designs and comprehensively stipulates the special supervision of school safety. The following is the full text of the Measures:

Office of the State Council Education Steering Committee on Printing and Distributing
"Special supervision of safety work in primary and secondary schools (kindergartens)
Notice of the Interim Measures

　　State religion supervision [2016] No.4

　　General offices of the people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government:

　　In order to implement the general requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on ensuring school safety, promote the establishment of a scientific, standardized and institutionalized safety guarantee system and operating mechanism for primary and secondary schools (kindergartens), and improve the ability to prevent and control safety risks, the Interim Measures for Special Supervision of Safety Work for Primary and Secondary Schools (kindergartens) are formulated. Is issued to you, please seriously implement the actual.

　　The State Council Education Supervision Committee Office

　　November 30, 2016

　　Interim Measures for Special Supervision of Safety Work in Primary and Secondary Schools (Kindergartens)

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　the first In order to implement the general requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on strengthening school safety, and urge all localities to conscientiously do a good job in the safety management of primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) (hereinafter referred to as schools), these measures are formulated in accordance with the Regulations on Education Supervision and relevant national policies and regulations.

　　the second The special supervision of school safety work is an important measure to promote local governments and relevant functional departments and schools to establish a scientific, standardized and institutionalized safety guarantee system and operation mechanism, and to improve the ability of school safety risk prevention and control.

　　Article The State Council Education Steering Committee Office is responsible for the special supervision of provincial school safety work, and the education supervision institutions of provincial, municipal and county people’s governments are responsible for the special supervision of school safety work at the next level and within their respective jurisdictions.

　　Article 4 The implementation of special supervision of school safety work should adhere to the following principles:

　　(1) Unified leadership. Effectively strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination, regard school safety as an important part of the comprehensive management of public safety and social security, and conduct regular supervision and inspection.

　　(2) Pay attention to practical results. Improve the form, content and methods of special supervision of school safety work, adjust measures to local conditions, and ensure the effectiveness of special supervision of school safety work.

　　(3) Openness and transparency. Adhere to the openness of standards and methods, organizations and personnel, processes and results, and actively accept social supervision.

　　Chapter II Supervision Contents

　　Article 5 Organization and management

　　(a) the provincial people’s government to establish and improve the organization and management system of school safety work, and urge the municipal and county governments to implement the responsibility of school safety management and supervision.

　　(two) the relevant functional departments to implement the funds and resources for school safety work, to carry out safety management training and guidance, and to supervise the establishment and improvement of safety management institutions, the implementation of post safety responsibilities, and the provision of security personnel.

　　Article 6 System construction

　　(a) the provincial people’s government to implement the national laws, regulations, rules and standards related to school safety work, establish and improve the governance mechanism of school safety work, formulate and improve the local school safety standard system, and carry out school safety certification.

　　(2) The relevant functional departments shall carry out their respective duties, make concerted efforts, improve the supervision and management of school safety work, strengthen the comprehensive management of school and surrounding safety, and establish a student safety area.

　　(III) The school shall establish and improve the safety management system and safety emergency response mechanism, and implement all aspects and post responsibilities of civil air defense, physical defense and technical defense construction and safety management in accordance with the requirements of the Code for Safety Prevention in Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens (Trial).

　　Article 7 Early warning and prevention

　　(a) the relevant functional departments to establish a school safety early warning mechanism for the investigation and remediation of hidden dangers, and timely release the safety early warning announcement.

　　(two) the relevant functional departments to develop a list of school safety risks, to carry out school safety inspection and dynamic monitoring, timely analysis and evaluation of safety risks, put forward early warning information.

　　(three) the school to establish and implement safety education, daily management, sports, extracurricular activities, public safety incidents, school bus safety, food safety, health and epidemic prevention, natural disaster risk assessment and prevention.

　　Article 8 Educational drills

　　(a) the education department in accordance with the "guidelines for public safety education in primary and secondary schools" to guide schools to strengthen safety education, implement safety education into the classroom, and ensure the funds, teaching resources and teachers required for safety education.

　　(two) the relevant functional departments to guide and participate in school safety education, to carry out security activities into the campus.

　　(3) The school conducts safety education in accordance with the Guidelines for Emergency Evacuation Exercises in Kindergartens in Primary and Secondary Schools, and regularly organizes emergency evacuation drills such as earthquakes and fires.

　　Ninth key governance

　　(a) the relevant functional departments to strengthen the prevention and response to key issues such as drowning, accidents, student bullying and violence, timely make special reports and statistical analysis, and guide the school to perform its education and management duties.

　　(two) the education department in conjunction with the public security departments in a timely manner to crack down on illegal and criminal acts involving the safety of schools and students, maintain the normal order of education and teaching, and build a safe campus.

　　(three) education departments and schools to improve the protection system for the rights of underage students, to prevent, investigate and deal with incidents that infringe on the physical and mental health of underage students, and to carry out psychological and behavioral counseling and correction activities.

　　Article 10 Accident handling

　　(a) the provincial people’s government to establish and improve the school safety accident response, handling and accountability mechanism.

　　(two) the relevant functional departments timely organize the implementation of rescue, the implementation of accident investigation, responsibility identification and after-care treatment, and investigate the administrative and criminal responsibilities of the accident-related units and responsible persons.

　　(three) the education department and the school properly handle the disputes over safety accidents and maintain the normal education and teaching order of the school.

　　Chapter III Organization and Implementation

　　Article 11 Daily supervision. Give full play to the role of responsible inspectors, strengthen daily inspections, and promote the orderly work of school safety.

　　Article 12 Local self-examination. The provincial people’s government and relevant functional departments shall conduct self-examination according to the index system, and publicize the self-examination report on the websites of local governments and provincial education administrative departments, and submit it to the the State Council Education Steering Committee Office after the expiration of the publicity period.

　　Article 13 Field supervision. According to the daily supervision and local self-examination, the Office of the State Council Education Steering Committee compiled the detailed rules for the implementation of on-site supervision, randomly selected inspectors and experts to form a supervision team, randomly determined the objects of supervision, and carried out on-site supervision by listening to reports, consulting materials, focusing on inspections, random checks and individual interviews.

　　Article 14 Publish a report. The State Council education steering committee office according to the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) self-evaluation and field supervision results, the formation of special supervision opinions and supervision reports, supervision reports released to the public.

　　Article 15 Rectification and implementation. The supervised provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall actively carry out rectification according to the rectification requirements and suggestions after receiving the supervision opinions of the supervision team, and report the rectification in writing to the the State Council Education Steering Committee Office within 3 months. Major safety hazards that need immediate rectification shall be reported to the the State Council Education Steering Committee Office within one month.

　　Chapter IV Application of Results

　　Article 16 The Office of the State Council Education Steering Committee has established a work accountability mechanism, taking the results of special supervision as an important content to evaluate the effectiveness of government education, giving informed criticism to areas where the responsibilities are not in place, and accountability to areas where school safety work is ineffective or there are serious problems.

　　Article 17 To investigate and deal with the serious accidents of school safety responsibility, serious violations of law, discipline and rules in school safety work, in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant regulations. Clues about violations of discipline are handed over to the discipline inspection and supervision organs for investigation, and the responsibilities of relevant units and responsible persons are seriously investigated. Suspected of a crime, transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 18 The provincial people’s government shall, in accordance with these measures, formulate the implementation plan for the special supervision of school safety work in this province.

　　Article 19 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of promulgation.

　　Cctv news: At the opening ceremony of 2018 China International Big Data Industry Expo, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally sent a congratulatory letter. The congratulatory letter clearly pointed out: "Focusing on building a network power, a digital China and a smart society, fully implementing the national big data strategy will help China’s economy shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development." The General Secretary profoundly analyzed the current situation and trend of big data development, put forward clear requirements for implementing the national big data strategy and accelerating the construction of digital China in light of China’s actual situation, actively pointed out the direction for the strategy of making good use of big data and winning the development of the new era, and marked that the Digital Expo and Guizhou’s big data development career stood at a new starting point and entered a new journey.

　　Big data drives high-quality development

　　Data is the new oil and the most precious property in this century. "whoever has the data will have the initiative." As the first national-level big data comprehensive experimental zone in China, from 2013 to 2018, Guizhou has won the status of a pioneer with innovation among the provinces in the country, from scratch, to take root, and then to the wind and water. Guiyang, a "provincial capital city with no sense of existence", has achieved phoenix nirvana with big data in a few years, making the world sit up and take notice. In 2017, Guiyang proposed to build a "China Valley" to create an upgraded version of big data development. In 2018, Guiyang issued an implementation opinion, taking the development of digital economy as a new engine to accelerate the conversion of old and new kinetic energy and promote high-quality development. The butterfly change in just a few years has become a huge gravitational field. Here, the epitome of "Digital China" is converging.

　　"Everything can be digitized", which promotes quality change and creates unlimited opportunities for integrated development. In recent years, Guiyang has taken the information infrastructure construction as the support, the promotion of data convergence as the basis, the Internet and big data as the focus, the informationization and digital transformation as the core, and the "introduction of thousands of enterprises" and "transformation of thousands of enterprises" as an important starting point to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional enterprises.

　　By the end of 2018, Guiyang had implemented 589 integration projects with a total investment of 38.08 billion yuan, launched 36 provincial-level benchmarking projects and 300 municipal-level integration demonstration projects, and organized the evaluation of the integration degree of 3,569 enterprises. Guiyang has promoted the integration of big data and the real economy, and the transformation of old and new kinetic energy has continued to accelerate, which has promoted the integration and upgrading of tourism, commerce, logistics, finance, transportation and other industries in the city to a platform-based, intelligent and shared type.

　　Big data improves quality and efficiency to achieve dynamic change.

　　Big data is like a catalyst. Wherever it goes, it will cause amazing changes and efficiency changes. As the main battlefield for poverty alleviation in the country, Guiyang has promoted agricultural quality improvement and efficiency improvement through big data information technology, deepened the rural industrial revolution through "big data+agriculture", and made big data run through all aspects of agricultural planting, transportation and sales, improving the digitalization, precision and intelligence of agricultural production. At present, China is in a critical period of the conversion of old and new kinetic energy. Big data is an important means to promote the conversion of old and new development kinetic energy. Through deep integration with traditional industries, big data runs through all aspects of production, circulation, sales and service of traditional industries, in order to achieve high-quality development. Inject new kinetic energy.

　　Practice the "people-centered" development concept, make good use of big data to benefit the people and solve their worries, so that the people can have more "gain" from the development of big data, and then promote dynamic change. With the help of big data, such visions and actions are gradually turning into concrete and sensible convenience scenes by promoting the "convergence of big data and government services" and "doing everything in one door and doing things in the whole province in one network".

　　In multi-dimensional application scenarios, people are no strangers to big data, but efforts to break down barriers are still indispensable to fully tap the powerful driving force of big data. Guiyang is vigorously implementing high-level opening-up and accelerating high-quality economic development. Only by realizing the "convergence" of big data in concept cognition and system design, and stirring a pool of spring water with the "fusion" and "use" of big data, can big data truly become a starting point for practicing new development concepts and promoting high-quality development.

　　Big Data Leads Industry Digitalization

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that "promoting the deep integration of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and real economy" is a major strategic choice made by the CPC Central Committee based on the overall situation and facing the future, which is of great significance and provides us with fundamental follow-up.

　　Guizhou is the first national big data comprehensive experimental zone, and it has also been awarded the "golden signboard" of Guiyang National Big Data Industry Cluster and Big Data Technology Innovation Experimental Zone. Guizhou Province undertakes the heavy responsibility of exploring the national big data strategy, and Guiyang also shoulders the responsibility of creating big data development concepts, systems and initiatives. From 2014 to the present, this city located in the southwest has overcome difficulties and held high the banner of big data development, catching up and leaping forward all the way, singing the strong voice of big data development, and completed the gorgeous turn from "the old and the young are poor" in the western mountain city to "China is counting the valleys". This low-key western capital city has now been full of vitality.

　　Guiyang regards the deep integration of big data and real economy as the main direction of big data development, vigorously promotes the application of big data technology in various scenarios, leads three industrial transformations and upgrades with big data, improves the quality and level of supply system, and promotes the real economy to move towards high-end, intensive and green. According to the overall report on the development of big data in Guiyang in 2018, the main business income of big data enterprises in Guiyang reached 100 billion yuan in 2018, an increase of 22.4%; The revenue of full-caliber software and information technology service industry was 28 billion yuan, up by 23.5%, of which 5 million caliber was 14 billion yuan, up by 27.3%; Software service outsourcing and call center industry realized business income of 5.02 billion yuan. 51 new big data enterprises were added, with a total of 208; 82 new big data industry projects were signed, with a total investment of 19.496 billion yuan.

　　In recent years, the construction of Guizhou National Big Data Comprehensive Experimental Zone has been deepened, the integration of big data and real economy has been accelerated, the opening of government data sharing has been accelerated, and the construction of new formats and new models of big data has been accelerated. The development of big data in Guizhou has entered a new stage and stepped onto a new level. Statistics show that 2016— In 2018, the integration index of industrialization and informatization in Guizhou rose by six places in the national ranking, and the first index evaluation system for the deep integration of big data and real economy in China was established. In 2018, the GDP of Guiyang increased by 9.9%, and the economic growth rate ranked first in the provincial capital cities for many years.

　　Good wind, with its strength, sent me to Qingyun. From the aspects of big data policy, platform, capital, technology, talents, brand, industrial upgrading, state support, application creation, practice and project operation, today’s "experimental field" in Guiyang, Guizhou has gradually changed from "nothing" to ∞ " , has taken shape. Under the guidance of the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the spirit of congratulatory letter, keeping the two bottom lines of development and ecology and making good use of the number fair, an important platform for opening to the outside world, will definitely promote Guizhou’s big data to ride the "cloud" and promote high-quality development to a new level. (Li Shanshan)