Recently, the list of "Car of the Year Who Know Car Emperor in 2020" was officially released. This annual car list is based on the evaluation results of "Knowing Car Emperor’s Actual Measurement" in 2020, which is different from the evaluation based on the subjective feelings of car editors. Knowing Car Emperor judges by the measured data results, which brings consumers a more objective and real annual car list and provides users with a powerful reference for car purchase.

　　 It is understood that the "Know Car Emperor’s Actual Measurement" is that the original team of Know Car Emperor selected more than 400 popular models in the market according to the user’s attention to the models, and conducted a unified standard practical test, including data such as "safety", "space", "energy consumption", "performance and handling" that users are most concerned about, and finally formed an objective and reliable evaluation database, and sent users a simple and easy-to-understand "automobile configuration manual".

　　Know the car emperor’s annual car announced seven awards, a number of popular models on the list.

　　 The 2020 annual car list includes seven awards, including the best safety model of the year, the best family car of the year and the best electric car of the year.

　　 In the test of knowing the car emperor, Volvo XC60 became the first AEB test full score model. Moreover, with its amazing performance in elk, braking and body structure safety, it has become the best safety model of the year.

　　 Know the car emperor’s best family car of the year, won by Honda Odyssey Rui Hybrid. It has good performance in space, fuel consumption and quality stability. Coupled with a good rate of preservation, it has become an excellent choice for family cars.

　　 Since 2020, electric vehicles have become the trend of the times, and it has also become the measured object of the original team that understands the car emperor. The results show that Weilai ES6 won the best electric vehicle of the year with its strongest comprehensive strength. No matter in driving quality, sports performance or intelligent safety, it is the most balanced electric vehicle in the electric vehicle industry at present.

　　 The actual measurement has gone through the unified measurement process, including "static acceleration test", "braking distance test", "Elk test", "Jingang circuit lap speed test" and "fuel consumption test". All models have been repeatedly tested by the same professional racer in the same professional racetrack for more than 100 times. Moreover, they all use equipment and test methods and standards that meet international standards. Taking the Elk test as an example, more than 300 vehicles strictly implement the ISO3888-2 international standard, and each vehicle will be tested for nearly 20 times, constantly approaching the limit posture of the vehicle, so as to fully quantify the safety and handling of the vehicle. In addition, the actual measurement also creatively joined the original project of knowing the car emperor-the lap speed test of Jingang circuit. At the full speed of each car, the measured team who knows the car emperor records its lap speed, straight tail speed, low-speed corner, high-speed corner, etc., so as to effectively grasp the overall mobility of the car. Under the unified and professional measurement of knowing the car emperor, the list data is more objective and reliable.

　　 In addition to the above three award-winning models, Know Car Emperor also divided the rest of the award list in detail according to the characteristics of the models and the demand for vehicles: McLaren 720S won the Best Performance Car of the Year by virtue of its excellent power and aerodynamic design; Land Rover Defender passed all the test items in the test of Chedi off-road base and won the best off-road vehicle of the year. Tesla MODEL S won the fastest accelerated model of the year with the acceleration of "Tubang Class"; Ford New Transit won the Best Tool Car of the Year for its excellent performance in terms of the maximum volume of the interior space, the width and depth of the trunk opening.

　　Dedicated to the professional evaluation of automobiles, bringing valuable content to users.

　　 After long-term development, China has become the largest automobile production and sales market in the world. However, with the increasing popularity of automobiles, various brand models emerge one after another, and the market information is increasingly huge, which greatly increases the cost and difficulty of consumers’ car purchase decision.

　　 Compared with developed countries, China’s automobile evaluation system is still in its infancy. Most of the existing evaluation systems lack unified standards, are mixed with subjective factors, and the evaluation results have certain errors. Consumers lack a scientific and professional reference index for car purchase. In this context, as a professional automobile media in China, car owners can learn from foreign experience and integrate their own advantages to provide consumers with more accurate car purchase guidance.

　　 Knowing the car emperor’s actual measurement not only follows the international professional evaluation process and standards, but also creatively adds original actual measurement items to the China automobile market, so as to create an automobile evaluation system serving China automobile consumers. Relying on the professional testing team, testing site and equipment, Knowing Car Emperor not only forms a measurable and referential standard for China automobile testing, but also forms a more professional and fair automobile selection system, setting a brand-new benchmark for third-party professionals to participate in automobile evaluation.

　　 Up to now, Master Car has a very comprehensive vehicle evaluation database, and based on standardized venues, professional tools and equipment, and industry-recognized testing methods, it has gradually established a perfect evaluation system for Master Car, including unique active safety evaluation standards, track performance testing standards and off-road ability testing standards. It provides users with reliable, retrievable and comparable vehicle evaluation data products.

　　 For a long time, the team who knows the contents of Chedi insists on providing users with professional, data-based and most referential documentary evaluation contents based on the needs of users. In order to ensure the authority of evaluation and disassembly contents, the team not only needs to consult experts frequently, but also make up a lot of knowledge of materials science. The 2020 Car of the Year, which was selected this time, provides accurate reference for consumers with car purchase needs by subdividing the award-winning models, so that users can choose models as needed. In addition, there is an original evaluation channel in the station, which can help customers better understand the performance and detailed evaluation data of the vehicle.

　　 In the future practice, Knowing Car Emperor will continue to lead the new trend of automobile evaluation in China with strict and scientific evaluation procedures and standards, and build a weather vane for the automobile industry. While helping consumers to obtain more convenient and scientific car purchase information, it will also help high-quality car brands stand out in the evaluation and promote the Excellence and healthy development of the automobile industry.

The terrorist attacks in Russia shocked the world and made Russian anti-terrorism forces the focus of discussion.

According to CCTV news reported on March 26, local time, on March 26, the Russian Federal Security Service announced that it had foiled a terrorist attack that was planned to be carried out in a humanitarian relief material receiving station in Samara. Bortnikov, director of the Russian Federal Security Service, said that Russia still faces a terrorist threat.

On the evening of March 22, local time, a terrorist attack took place in the "Saffron City Hall" in Moscow, Russia. According to the statistics of the Russian investigation Committee, the attack has caused 143 deaths and 182 injuries, and the concert hall building was burned in the fire. This is the most serious terrorist attack in Russia in the past two decades. Soon after, Russian military and police personnel, including Chechen special forces, quickly took action and completed the interception and arrest when the murderer was about 100 kilometers away from the Ukrainian border in Bryansk State.

In order to deal with terrorism, Russia has set up several special operations forces that are very professional and have strong combat effectiveness, and carried out work according to the characteristics of anti-terrorism operations.

The professional anti-terrorism force born of terrorist attacks

Russia has long been threatened by terrorism. In the mid-1990s, terrorist activities in Russia became increasingly rampant and showed an upward trend. In the early 21st century, it reached an unprecedented scale, and terrorist attacks with global significance such as Beslan hostage incident occurred at this stage. Terrorists from Chechnya, Central Asia and Afghanistan entered Russia to spread terrorism, extremism and separatism, recruit members and plan terrorist activities.

In order to deal with the threat of terrorism, Russia has been paying more attention to the construction of anti-terrorism mechanism, and at the same time, it has intensified its efforts to crack down on terrorist activities. At present, it has formed a relatively solid foundation of anti-terrorism laws and regulations, and established a vertical command and coordination system for anti-terrorism operations. At the same time, Russia also attaches great importance to the implementation of anti-terrorism operations, and has established several special combat forces with very professional and strong combat effectiveness to carry out work according to the characteristics of anti-terrorism operations.

At present, Russia’s special anti-terrorism forces mainly include the General Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, the Alpha and the Signal Flag, and the Russian Federal Internal Security Forces, among which the Alpha and the Signal Flag belong to the Federal Security Administration and the Internal Security Forces belong to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Among them, the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, also known as Gruu, claims to be the most confidential department of Russian intelligence agencies. On October 21, 1918, at Trotsky’s suggestion, Lenin signed an order to formally set up the registration department under the Field General Staff of the Revolutionary Military Commission of the Republic to lead the military intelligence work on all fronts of the Red Army in a unified way, with Simon Ivanovich Aranov, who was born in Cheka, as the first minister. The story of "Gruwu" begins, and November 5 every year is designated as the anniversary of the establishment of "Gruwu". Unlike the KGB (the KGB was split into two parts after the disintegration of the Soviet Union: the Federal Security Service and the Foreign Intelligence Service), Gruwu did not sink after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and still played an important role in the armed forces of the Russian Federation. On November 5, 2006, on the 88th anniversary of the founding of Grupo, the new headquarters of Grupo in Moscow was officially opened.

The specific establishment and tasks of the special operations forces under the "Gruu" remain a mystery until today. It is reported that there are currently 24 well-trained special assault brigades in Gruu, with a total number of about 30,000 people. Its main task is to deter and prevent sudden attacks and strike behind enemy lines. Its main base is located in Chuchikovo, Ryazan, Russia. From the two wars in Chechnya to the little green men in Crimea, to the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine and the civil war in Syria, there are "Gruu" special forces. It is generally believed that on April 21, 1996, it was the "Gruu" special forces that provided accurate strike guidance on the spot, which enabled two Russian Su -25 fighters to launch missiles and successfully killed Chechen rebel leader dudayev, who was making a mobile phone call to the outside world.

In recent ten years, the actions against other Chechen rebel leaders, such as basaev, maskhadov and others, are basically recognized by the outside world as being related to "Gruwu". At the end of 2015, five Russian special forces were killed in combat operations in Syria. Although Russian officials once denied it, it is generally believed that these people are soldiers of Gruu. In the centennial celebration speech in 2018, Putin fully affirmed the role played by Gruu in Syria in the past few years, pointing out that Gruu provided vital target information and other intelligence for the Russian army to crack down on extremist organizations in Syria.

Both "Alpha" and "Signal Flag" special forces belong to the Federal Security Administration. The two armies have made great achievements in the hostage incident in the theater of Moscow Bearing Factory and the hostage incident in Beslan, which has attracted the attention of Russia and abroad.

The purpose of "Alpha" special forces is mainly to engage in anti-terrorism activities in Russia and deal with terrorism such as hostage-taking and bomb-planting. Its history can be traced back to 1974. It was originally called "KGB Group A" and was renamed "Alpha" in 1991. "Alpha" special forces are carefully selected from national security organs, airborne troops, border guards and military school graduates. In addition to being physically strong and responsive, they also need to pass intelligence tests.

The unit has now become the backbone of Russia’s counter-terrorism. In 1993, the terrorist Zaharijev hijacked a Russian civil aviation Il -86 passenger plane. Alpha was ordered to go out, sneaked into the cabin from the cargo hold at night, and quickly subdued the gangsters. Zaharijev was captured on the spot, and the plane and passengers were all safe. In a hijacking incident in 1997, "Alpha" once again captured the gangster alive, and all 142 passengers were safe and sound.

Among the anti-terrorism forces, the "Alpha" and "Signal Flag" special forces are two well-known forces, both of which belong to the Federal Security Administration.

The main task of the "signal flag" special forces is to carry out the security work of Russian institutions abroad, including anti-sabotage, anti-espionage, anti-subversion and defending the leaders. The "signal flag" special forces was established in 1981, initially under the KGB Anti-Spy Bureau, and then disbanded and reorganized in 1993. It is reported that the "signal flag" special forces usually carry out activities in classes, and the number of people in each class ranges from 10 to 30. When the situation is urgent, several classes can be quickly combined to form a larger force.

According to the data, during the war in Afghanistan, the "signal flag" has been active, and every province in Afghanistan has its action team. In addition, "Signal Flag" has conducted similar activities in Cuba, Syria, Vietnam, Mozambique, Angola and Nicaragua. In 1992, 10 members of the "signal flag" subdued 14 armed thugs in 10 seconds at the "three stations" subway station in Moscow, and seized $1 million in counterfeit US dollars. In 1993, the "signal flag" special forces successfully stopped a premeditated terrorist explosion outside Yekaterinburg. On July 16, 2023, five Russian "signal flag" special forces went deep behind enemy lines and carried out sabotage operations on an underground ammunition depot in Odessa.

The special forces of the internal affairs forces of the Russian Federation are under the jurisdiction of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, mainly including the 604 Special Operations Center, Rosic and other special forces. Among them, the 604 Special Operations Center was formed by the merger of the "Warrior" special forces and the "Ross" special forces. It is the core of the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and is responsible for counter-terrorism and other tasks such as responding to domestic riots and prison riots. The special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs have also made great achievements in many anti-terrorist operations, including the hostage incident in the Grand Theatre of Moscow Bearing Factory, and they also belong to one of the backbone of Russian anti-terrorist operations.

After the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, Russian anti-terrorism forces also participated, which affected the domestic anti-terrorism capability to some extent. Although Russia discloses little information, it is generally believed that the fierce conflict between Russia and Ukraine has contained Russia’s anti-terrorism forces. According to media reports, on July 16, 2023, five Russian "signal flag" special forces went deep behind enemy lines and carried out sabotage operations on an underground ammunition depot in Odessa. It was reported that the Russian army had attacked the facility with cruise missiles before, but it was unsuccessful. In order to completely destroy the underground ammunition depot, the Russian army sent a sabotage team behind the enemy lines composed of five special warfare players to secretly approach the target and launch a surprise attack. After killing several defenders, the Russian army installed a timed explosive device to blow up the ammunition depot, and then all the staff returned to the station safely.

A rising star of Chechen special forces

In addition to the above troops, the Chechen special forces involved in the arrest of the suspects of the "concert hall terrorist attack" are also a rising star in the Russian anti-terrorism field.

After the Chechen war ended in 2001, local terrorist activities were very active. In order to effectively crack down on terrorist activities carried out by illegal organizations, while sending a large number of federal troops, the Russian central government also agreed to set up local armed forces subordinate to local leaders.

In order to stabilize the domestic situation, Chechen leader Kadyrov recruited 7,000-14,000 separatist militants in 2002 -2005, and incorporated some of them into the security department of the Republic. Only the independent patrol team of the Chechen Ministry of Internal Affairs has 10 companies (about 4,000 people). In order to effectively carry out anti-terrorism operations, Kadyrov established the Northern Battalion and the Southern Battalion in 2006. The Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs gave them the official designations of Independent Special Battalion 248 and 249, and the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs also allocated 2 billion rubles for them. After the establishment of the two battalions, they were controlled by the 46th Mobu Brigade stationed in Chechnya by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs. Each battalion consists of three patrol companies, one reconnaissance company and one support unit, and the support unit consists of medical platoon, communication platoon and technical support platoon. The total number of the two battalions is more than 1,200, including more than 700 in the northern battalion, which is stationed in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, mainly to protect the security of the capital, and more than 500 in the southern battalion, which is stationed in Vijno area, which is adjacent to the Republic of Dagestan. The local terrorist activities are very active and cracked down.

At present, the "Ahmat" rapid reaction special force is a well-known Chechen unit, which belongs to the National Guard of the Russian Federation and is deployed in Chechnya. It was named "Ahmat" to commemorate the first Chechen President akhmad kadyrov. This special force was established in 2009, and its commander is the Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Chechen Republic, Apti Arnold. After the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict broke out in February 2022, the "Ahmat" special forces participated in the war against Ukraine and achieved some results.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the main objectives and tasks of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" were successfully completed, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation took a big step forward. Premier Li Keqiang pointed out in his government work report in 2021 that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China’s economic and social development made new historic achievements. Ten sets of tax data fully reflect this point.  

In the past five years, the total tax reduction and fee reduction has exceeded 7.6 trillion yuan   The macro tax burden is decreasing year by year.

The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that tax reduction and fee reduction policies and measures should take root and let enterprises go into battle lightly. This year’s government work report showed the transcripts of tax reduction and fee reduction in 2020, which reduced the burden on market players by more than 2.6 trillion yuan, including 1.7 trillion yuan in social security fees. Statistics from the State Administration of Taxation show that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the scale of new tax reduction and fee reduction in five years totaled more than 7.6 trillion yuan.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council accurately implemented counter-cyclical economic adjustment and introduced a series of tax reduction and fee reduction policies in an orderly manner. In 2016-2018, we will comprehensively push forward the pilot reform of the camp, degenerate and reduce the value-added tax rate, and raise the standard of individual tax deduction. In 2019, a larger scale of tax reduction and fee reduction will be implemented. In 2020, seven batches of 28 preferential tax and fee policies will be introduced to support epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development. With the implementation of a series of tax reduction and fee reduction policies by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, China’s macro tax burden (that is, the proportion of tax revenue to GDP in general public budget revenue) was 17.47%, 17.35%, 17.01% and 16.02% respectively from 2016 to 2019, and further decreased to 15.2% in 2020, compared with 18% in 2015 at the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

Support for innovation and tax reduction totaled over 2.5 trillion yuan   Cultivate and expand new kinetic energy

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that independent innovation is an urgent requirement and an important support to promote high-quality development and kinetic energy conversion. We must create conditions and atmosphere, mobilize the enthusiasm of innovation in all aspects, and make every innovation fully generate. In this year’s government work report, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China achieved fruitful results in building an innovative country. In recent years, the tax policies supporting scientific and technological innovation have been continuously optimized and improved, and the intensity of tax incentives for innovation has been continuously increased, which has effectively promoted enterprises to increase investment in R&D and guided innovative resources to gather in enterprises, which has played an important role in promoting the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and the construction of an innovative country.

According to the tax data, during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the tax reduction and exemption amount of China’s tax policy to encourage scientific and technological innovation increased by 28.5% annually, and the accumulated tax reduction in five years was 2.54 trillion yuan. Tax incentives are more beneficial to manufacturing and high-tech service industries. Manufacturing, information transmission and information technology service industries, scientific research and technical service industries enjoy tax reductions totaling nearly 90%.

From the breakdown data, the number of enterprises enjoying the R&D expenses plus deduction policy in China has increased from 53,000 in 2015 to 339,000 in 2019, an increase of 5.4 times in five years; The tax reduction and exemption increased from 72.6 billion yuan to 355.2 billion yuan, and reached 360 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual increase of 37.8%. The deduction of R&D expenses continued to increase, which effectively stimulated the R&D investment and innovation vitality of enterprises. The national R&D investment increased from 1.42 trillion yuan in 2015 to 2.44 trillion yuan in 2020, achieving double-digit annual growth and becoming the second largest R&D investment country in the world.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the support of various policies, including tax incentives, continued to increase, which effectively promoted the vigorous development of the new economy and new kinetic energy and accelerated the construction of a modern industrial system. According to the tax data, the industries related to the digital economy are growing rapidly. From 2016 to 2020, the tax revenue will grow at an average annual rate of 7.2%, which is 3 percentage points faster than the national overall level. According to the data of VAT invoices, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, the sales revenue of leading enterprises in the "four basics" industries such as core basic parts, advanced basic processes, key basic materials and industrial technology foundations increased from 1.09 trillion yuan in 2017 to 1.47 trillion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 10.8%. The sales revenue of China’s high-tech industry increased by 21.3% annually, which was 5.1 percentage points higher than the national average, among which the sales revenue of high-tech service industry increased by 28% annually, which was 11.8 percentage points higher than the national average.

The green tax system is constantly improving   The comprehensive energy consumption intensity of key tax source enterprises decreased by 6.6%.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to firmly establish the concept of Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, promote green development, and fight for the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land. This year’s government work report summarizes the achievements of China’s green development during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, pointing out that China’s pollution prevention and control efforts have increased, the efficiency of resource and energy utilization has improved significantly, and the ecological environment has improved significantly. In the process of promoting green development, the green tax system plays an important role. Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", focusing on the implementation of new development concepts, China has accelerated the reform of resource tax and environmental protection tax, promoted the rational development and utilization of resources and the clean and energy-saving production of enterprises, and successively issued a series of preferential policies, such as tax relief to support emission reduction and tax credit for equipment investment, to guide enterprises to increase green investment and take the initiative in green transformation, to accelerate the development of green industries and to help build a beautiful China.

In July 2016, the reform of resource tax ad valorem was pushed forward in an all-round way, and a direct linkage mechanism between tax revenue and resource price was established, which better played the role of tax adjustment and promoted the rational development and sustainable utilization of resources. During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, the resource tax revenue totaled 750.9 billion yuan, an increase of 62.3% over the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, including 175.5 billion yuan in 2020, an increase of 72 billion yuan over 2015, with an average annual growth rate of 11.1%. In particular, the reform of water resource tax has optimized the water use structure and effectively curbed groundwater overexploitation. In 2020, the proportion of groundwater consumption in 10 pilot provinces such as Beijing and Hebei was 33.5%, which was 8 percentage points lower than that in 2016 before the reform. In the pilot provinces, the taxable groundwater intake in the over-exploited area in 2020 decreased by 19.3% compared with that in 2016; Since the reform, more than 8,000 taxpayers in the pilot provinces have stopped pumping groundwater and switched to surface water or tap water, shutting down more than 14,000 self-prepared wells.

The newly levied environmental protection tax has established a tax adjustment mechanism of "more emissions and more levies, less emissions and less levies, no emissions and no levies", and given tax relief incentives for low-standard emissions and centralized management, which effectively promoted the improvement of the ecological environment and green development. From 2018 to 2020, the environmental protection tax has accumulated to 63.15 billion yuan. In 2020, the emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the main air pollutants of taxpayers paying environmental protection taxes, decreased by 42.5% and 28.7% respectively compared with 2017 before the reform; The chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions of major water pollutants decreased by 54.5% and 35% respectively compared with 2017 before the reform.

According to the tax data, during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the amount of corporate income tax reduction by implementing investment credit policies including environmental protection equipment nationwide increased from 2.33 billion yuan in 2015 to 3.35 billion yuan in 2019, and it is expected to reach 3.5 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 8.5%. This policy effectively guides enterprises to increase investment in technological transformation and environmental protection equipment. Since 2017, the invoice amount of environmental protection equipment purchased by enterprises nationwide has increased by 14.6% annually. The amount of preferential tax reduction for supporting emission reduction will increase by 7.2% in 2019 and 6% in 2020. Correspondingly, the comprehensive energy consumption intensity (per standard coal/operating income) of key tax source enterprises nationwide will decrease by 6.6% year-on-year. The increase and decrease reflect the positive incentive effect of tax reduction and exemption policies that guide environmental protection, and effectively play the positive role of tax leverage in controlling pollutant discharge.

The tax incentives for helping the poor increase by over 30% annually & ENSP; Helping to win the battle against poverty has achieved remarkable results.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader solemnly declared at the national summary and commendation meeting on poverty alleviation that China has won a comprehensive victory in the fight against poverty. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the tax authorities focused on the key areas and key links of poverty alleviation, such as ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, employment of poor people, and poverty alleviation donations, and continuously increased tax policy support, fully released the tax reduction and fee reduction bonus, and supported the poverty alleviation. The amount of tax preferential policy relief increased from 26.3 billion yuan in 2015 to 74.2 billion yuan in 2019 and reached 102.2 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual increase of 30.6%, making a positive contribution to resolutely winning the fight against poverty.

With the help of various precise poverty alleviation policies, poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results, and the economy in poverty-stricken areas has accelerated. From the data of VAT invoices, from 2016 to 2020, the sales revenue of enterprises in 832 uncapped state-level poverty-stricken counties maintained rapid growth, with an average annual growth rate of 14.6%. Among them, the growth rate in 2016-2018 was 18.6%, 11.7% and 8.5% respectively, and it increased to 18.7% in 2019. Although affected by the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020, it still maintained the level of 15.9%, which was 9.9 percentage points higher than the national average, reflecting the good development trend of enterprises in poverty-stricken counties.

Tax data show that leading enterprises in poverty alleviation have a good momentum of development. Since 2016, the total profits of leading enterprises in poverty alleviation have increased by 43.9% annually, and the average profit per household has expanded from 1.08 million yuan in 2015 to 6.73 million yuan in 2020. The profit rate of enterprise sales will increase from 10.4% in 2015 to 15.4% in 2020, among which the manufacturing industry and wholesale and retail industry will increase from 9.5% and 3.3% to 9.9% and 4.3% respectively. Judging from the number of leading poverty alleviation enterprises with annual profits exceeding 10 million yuan, the number of households in 2020 is 5.1 times that of 2015.

The newly established tax-related market entities have increased by over 10 million households annually   Entrepreneurial vitality is effectively stimulated

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the market subject is the carrier of economic strength, and protecting the market subject means protecting social productive forces. We must do everything possible to protect market players and accumulate basic strength for economic development. Premier Li Keqiang emphasized that staying in the green hills will win the future. In recent years, large-scale tax reduction and fee reduction have deepened the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and the business environment has been continuously optimized, which has stimulated the vitality of market players and effectively promoted "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", and a large number of new market players have emerged. Statistics from the State Administration of Taxation show that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the number of tax-related market entities newly established in China increased by over 10 million every year, showing the characteristics of high activity, strong vitality and good growth, which effectively promoted the sustainable development of economy and society.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the number of tax-related market entities newly established in China totaled 57.453 million, an increase of 26.074 million or 83.1% over the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. In the same period, 24.039 million tax-related market entities were cancelled nationwide, which was offset by the cancellation of new offices. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, there were 33.414 million tax-related market entities nationwide, an increase of 77.3% compared with the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan".

From the perspective of sub-industries, the proportion of modern service industry in the newly-established tax-related market has increased significantly, and the proportion of labor-intensive industries has decreased year by year. During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, the proportion of newly established tax-related market entities in modern service industries such as leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, information transmission and information technology services increased from 10%, 3.9% and 2.8% in 2015 to 13.7%, 5.5% and 3.8% in 2020 respectively. The proportion of newly established tax-related market entities in labor-intensive industries such as wholesale and retail, accommodation and catering is decreasing year by year, from 43.4% and 12.7% in 2015 to 37.3% and 7.6% in 2020 respectively.

The proportion of tertiary industry tax revenue increased to 58.1%  The development of new technology service industry was accelerated.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is a key measure to improve the comprehensive competitiveness of China’s economy. According to the tax data, during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, with the continuous improvement of the quality of China’s economic development, the tax revenue of the tertiary industry has steadily increased from 56.5% in 2016 to 58.1% in 2020, which is 3.3 percentage points higher than that in 2015 at the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Emerging industries have become a new growth point of tax revenue. The sales revenue of information transmission, software and information technology services has increased by 21.2% annually, which is significantly higher than the national overall level. The annual tax revenue has increased by 12.5%, which is 8.2 percentage points faster than the national tax revenue growth rate.

The private economy is developing rapidly   Sales revenue increased by 17.7% annually.

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the development of private economy. On November 1, 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the private enterprise forum that China’s private economy can only grow and not weaken. Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that efforts should be made to support the development of private enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Statistics from the State Administration of Taxation show that during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, there were 56.005 million tax-related market entities in the newly-established private economy, accounting for 97.5% of all newly-established tax-related market entities, and its proportion increased year by year, from 96.3% in 2015 to 98.7% in 2020, becoming the main force of newly-established tax-related market entities.

The data of VAT invoice shows that the private economy developed rapidly during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. From 2016 to 2020, the sales revenue of private economy increased by 17.7% annually, which was 1.5 percentage points higher than the national average. Among them, private enterprises and individual businesses grew rapidly, with an average annual growth rate of 22.5% and 20% respectively. The tax contribution of the private economy is also constantly improving. In 2020, the tax paid by the private economy accounted for 60.1% of the national tax revenue, an increase of 8.6 percentage points compared with 51.5% in 2015, which became an important support for stabilizing the national tax revenue.

From the perspective of sub-industries, the private manufacturing industry continues to grow and develop, and the proportion of sales revenue continues to increase. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the sales revenue of manufacturing private enterprises increased by 14.7% annually, and the proportion of sales revenue increased by 6.7 percentage points. Private economy is the power source of economic endogenous growth, and this structural change also reflects the gradual shift of manufacturing industry to endogenous growth.

As the main force of China’s scientific and technological innovation, the private economy has continuously enhanced its innovation ability. Especially after the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the private enterprise forum at the end of 2018, private enterprises have been innovative and energetic in generate, and their development has accelerated. According to the tax data, the proportion of private high-tech enterprises in the national high-tech enterprises increased from 92.1% in 2018 to 92.4% in 2020, and the proportion of private high-tech enterprises in the national high-tech enterprises increased from 66.2% in 2018 to 70% in 2020.

Manufacturing sales revenue increased by 11.2% annually & ENSP; High-tech manufacturing industry continues to grow and develop.

Manufacturing is the foundation of a country and a strong country. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a series of important instructions on the transformation and upgrading of "Made in China", emphasizing the high-quality development of manufacturing industry in a more prominent position. Premier Li Keqiang called for strengthening the industrial foundation, especially the manufacturing foundation, and expanding new kinetic energy. According to the data of VAT invoice, China’s manufacturing industry continued to grow and develop during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, especially the high-tech manufacturing industry achieved rapid development, and the integration of manufacturing industry with information technology and science and technology service industry promoted each other. From 2016 to 2020, the sales revenue of manufacturing enterprises in China increased by 11.2% annually. High-tech manufacturing industry is the highlight of manufacturing industry development during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, and the cumulative sales revenue has more than doubled, with an average annual growth rate of 15.1%. Some key products of automation, digitalization and intelligence have achieved breakthroughs, and their sales revenues have increased substantially. For example, the sales revenues of key products such as robots, industrial control systems, integrated circuits and optoelectronic devices have all exceeded 2 times, and the sales revenues of important equipment such as medical diagnostic equipment and new energy vehicles have also increased more than 2 times.

The tax revenue in the central and western regions accounts for more than 30%   Regional development is more coordinated.

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, which has put forward new requirements for coordinated regional development. This year’s government work report pointed out that during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, major regional strategies were solidly promoted. Tax data show that regional development is more coordinated. From 2016 to 2020, the proportion of tax revenue in the central region increased from 15.6% to 16.5%, an increase of 0.9 percentage points; The proportion of tax revenue in the western region increased from 18.4% to 19%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points, and the total proportion in the central and western regions was 35.5%, an increase of 1.5 percentage points, further narrowing the gap with the eastern region.

Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", China’s regional tax policy system has been continuously optimized and accurately exerted, which has played an important role in promoting the coordinated development of the eastern and western regions. Two rounds of preferential policies for the development of the western region have promoted the development of markets, industries and enterprises in the western region. The threshold of the third round of preferential tax policies implemented from 2021 will be further lowered, which will benefit more market players. The amount of corporate income tax reduced by preferential policies for the development of the western region increased from 52.85 billion yuan in 2015 to 100.69 billion yuan in 2019, and remained at 100 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 13.6%.

With the support of various policies, including tax policy, the regional development strategy has achieved remarkable results. The VAT invoice data shows that since the second quarter of 2020, the economy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has continued to recover, showing strong development resilience. The sales revenue of enterprises in 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt increased by 6.2% year-on-year, 0.2 percentage points higher than the national overall level, accounting for 46.5% of the national sales revenue. The sales revenue of industrial enterprises increased by 4.1% year-on-year, which was 1.4 percentage points higher than the overall level of industrial enterprises in China. The sales revenue of core industries of digital economy increased by 15.4% year-on-year, which was 3.6 percentage points higher than the overall level of core industries of digital economy in China.

The accumulated export tax rebate exceeds 7 trillion yuan   In order to stabilize foreign trade, "come on and run"

General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to promote the innovation and development of foreign trade and promote a higher level of opening up. Foreign trade is an important part of China’s open economy and an important driving force for national economic development. In order to further expand opening to the outside world and stabilize the basic foreign trade, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China repeatedly raised the export tax rebate rate to help enterprises cope with the impact of Sino-US trade friction and the negative impact of the global epidemic. According to statistics, in the past five years, the total export tax rebate has increased from 1,174.2 billion yuan in 2016 to 1,454.9 billion yuan in 2020, with an average annual increase of 2.6%. In the past five years, the accumulated export tax rebate has been 7,073.6 billion yuan, which effectively reduced the cost of foreign trade enterprises and promoted the steady growth of foreign trade exports.

At the same time, the tax authorities have promoted a number of facilitation measures in a coordinated manner, continuously simplified the tax refund process, compressed the time limit for tax refund processing, and accelerated the progress of export tax refund. The average processing time for normal export tax refund in China has been reduced from 13 working days in 2018 to 10 working days in 2019, and then reduced to 8 working days in 2020, thus alleviating the pressure on enterprises to occupy funds.

The "14th Five-Year Plan" has been launched, and the tax authorities will continue to adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, base themselves on the new development stage, implement the new development concept and serve the new development pattern, promote the tax modernization in the new development stage with high quality, and give full play to the basic, pillar and supportive role of taxation in state governance. At the same time, we will further make full use of tax big data, fully reflect the economic and social development in a timely manner, make suggestions for the decision-making of party committees and governments at all levels, and contribute more tax power to building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

Illustration: Ten sets of tax data reflect new historical achievements in China’s economic and social development during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period

“

At present, the real estate market generally has a positive boosting trend, and the signs of recovery in first-tier cities and new first-tier cities are becoming more and more obvious.

Xu Qian, reporter of China Housing News, reports from Beijing.

There is a rare collective surge in real estate stocks.

After the A-share market opened in the morning on April 29th, real estate stocks continued to rise. At the close, the real estate development sector rose by 6.39%. 15 real estate stocks have a daily limit of 10%, including Vanke A, gemdale, Huaxia Happiness, Rong Sheng Development, Jinbin Development, Dalong Real Estate, Jingneng Real Estate, Daming City, Sunshine Shares, Nanshan Holdings, Fuxing Shares, China Wuyi, Tiandiyuan and Rongan Real Estate.

There were 15 real estate stocks that rose more than 9% but did not reach 10% that day, including Xincheng Holdings, Greenland Holdings, Qixia Construction, Dima Shares, and Shoukai Shares. There are as many as 64 real estate stocks that have increased by more than 5%.

The real estate sector of Hong Kong stocks also strengthened. Hang Seng Mainland real estate index rose by over 4%, Huijing Holdings soared by nearly 52% in intraday trading, Fantasia Holdings, Jing Rui Holdings and China Aoyuan all rose by over 40%, Kaisa Group rose by over 30%, Sunac China and Zhengrong Real Estate rose by over 20%, Xuhui Holding Group rose by 18% and Agile Group rose by over 15%.

The sectors closely related to real estate also ushered in a sharp rise. For example, the real estate service sector rose by 8.5% on the same day, and stocks represented by World Bank, I love my family and Tianbao Infrastructure all ushered in a batch daily limit.

At the close of this day, the Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.79% to 3,113.04 points, returning to above 3,100 points; The Shenzhen Component Index rose 2.22% to close at 9673.76 points; Growth enterprise market index rose 3.5% to close at 1887.57 points; Beizheng 50 rose 0.8% to close at 815.19 points. The turnover in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was about 1,211 billion yuan, an increase of about 125 billion yuan over the previous trading day.

From the news point of view, the favorable support policies for the property market in various places have been introduced one after another recently, and the loosening of "purchase restriction" has become the main trend, releasing a loose signal to the market.

On April 18, Changsha announced that it would no longer examine the qualifications of buyers for buying houses within the city, and the official policy of restricting purchases for seven years was cancelled.

On April 22, Beijing refined the policy of buying a house after divorce, and relaxed it again on the basis of abolishing "you can’t buy a house in Beijing within three years of divorce", stipulating that as long as you have no house in Beijing under your name and buy a house within one year of divorce, the first home credit policy will be implemented.

On April 24, there was also market news in Shenzhen. Shenzhen may optimize and adjust the purchase restriction policy in the peripheral areas at an appropriate time, but the news has not been confirmed by the Housing and Construction Bureau.

On April 26th, Nanjing issued the Notice on Matters Related to the Settlement of Legally Stable Residence (Draft for Comment), which mentioned that the conditions for settlement will be further relaxed, and non-Nanjing household registration personnel who have legally stable residence in Nanjing and actually live can directly settle down.

On April 28, Chengdu also announced the liberalization of the housing purchase restriction policy. Housing transactions within the city will no longer review the purchase conditions such as household registration and social security, and will no longer limit the number of purchases.

This means that after Chengdu has become a hot provincial capital city such as Wuhan, Hefei, Nanjing and Changsha, it is another city that has fully liberalized housing purchase restrictions. Up to now, except Hainan Province, among the core cities, four first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and core areas such as Hangzhou (new house), Tianjin and Xi ‘an still maintain the purchase restriction policy.

"The whole region has withdrawn from the purchase restriction, which is the common choice of second-tier cities in recent times, and it is expected to cover other cities next. Under the background of systematically planning to stabilize the property market policy, strengthening the local main responsibility and the new housing market falling short of expectations in the first quarter, the motivation for local rescue is stronger. " Li Yujia, chief researcher of the Housing Policy Research Center of Guangdong Urban and Rural Planning Institute, said.

At present, the real estate market generally has a positive boosting trend, and the signs of recovery in first-tier cities and new first-tier cities are becoming more and more obvious.

Shanghai property market luxury "hot sale" news continues to spread. According to CRIC data, the transaction scale of high-end residential buildings with a total price of more than 20 million yuan in Shanghai in the first quarter was the highest in a single quarter since 2016. Among them, 1,079 sets were sold in March, a year-on-year increase of more than four times.

The Shenzhen property market also showed signs of recovery. In March, the number of second-hand housing transactions reached 4,547, up 115.13% from the previous month. As of April 15th, the number of second-hand housing transactions in Shenzhen reached 2,067, exceeding the same period in March.

According to the statistics of official website of Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in March this year, the number of online signing of second-hand houses in Beijing was 14,280, up by 125.5% month-on-month, and it also broke through the "threshold" of 12,000 sets, setting the highest point in the past year.

The action of some real estate enterprises in danger is accelerating. On April 29th, Xuhui announced that it had reached an agreement with the bondholders’ group on the comprehensive plan in principle.

According to previous years’ experience, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party will be held on April 30th to make arrangements for the next real estate work.

The day before this important meeting, the stock market soared, partly because of some news from the market scene. According to the news, the real estate policy may undergo directional changes, and more favorable policies may be introduced around the property market destocking, such as further liberalizing purchase restrictions, liberalizing price restrictions, and reducing transaction costs such as deed tax.

This day, real estate stocks rose sharply, which also showed that everyone expected to further emphasize the judgment of loose property market, and market confidence is being repaired. Whether it is the property market or real estate stocks, the bottom may not be far away.

Suddenly, it is rare for foreign giants to sing more about China real estate market. "After three years of bearish, thanks to the government’s assistance, we became more optimistic about the real estate industry in China for the first time. The real estate industry in China is preparing for a slow recovery. " John Lam, head of real estate research in UBS Greater China, said in an interview recently.

Original title: "Real estate stocks have skyrocketed collectively! Vanke and other daily limit! 》

Read the original text

Sub-district offices, township governments, district government committees, offices and bureaus, and district-owned institutions:

　　With the consent of the district government, we hereby print and distribute "Several Measures of Fengtai District on Responding to the COVID-19 Epidemic and Supporting the Development of Enterprises (Provisional)" to you, please implement them carefully.

Beijing Fengtai District People’s Government Office

February 19, 2020

Measures of Fengtai District on Responding to COVID-19 Epidemic and Supporting Enterprise Development (Provisional)

　　In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on resolutely winning the prevention and control of epidemic situation, fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee the State Council and the municipal party committee and municipal government on doing a good job in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, help enterprises tide over the difficulties and support the stable development of enterprises, the following measures are formulated.

　　First, strengthen support for key enterprises in epidemic prevention and control

　　To support the prevention and control of epidemic situations such as medical protective clothing and masks, it is urgent for medical material production enterprises to resume production and expand production capacity, and to help enterprises solve the problems of ensuring raw materials, factories, personnel, transportation and other factors in the process of resuming production. Give appropriate subsidies to enterprises that urgently need medical materials production and enterprises that provide space, property and other support, with a maximum of 1.5 million yuan. (Responsible unit: District Development and Reform Commission)

　　Second, open up a green channel for approval

　　We will speed up the examination and approval of new projects that produce materials needed for epidemic prevention and control, adopt a special way, and provide all-round services such as priority acceptance, on-site guidance and one-stop handling of administrative examination and approval items such as business license issuance, medical device production and business record permission. (Responsible unit: District Market Supervision Bureau)

　　Third, increase industrial financial support.

　　For key enterprises that meet the policies of "Several Measures for Optimizing Business Environment in Fengtai District" and "Measures for Zhongguancun Fengtai Science Park to Support the Development of High-tech Industries and Technological Innovation", the online declaration of policy funds in 2019 will be carried out, simplifying the application procedures for policy awards, speeding up the disbursement of funds and alleviating the operational pressure of enterprises. (Responsible units: District Development and Reform Commission, Fengtai Park Management Committee and District Finance Office)

　　Fourth, ease the credit pressure of enterprises

　　Take the initiative to accurately connect financial institutions for key enterprises in epidemic prevention and control, coordinate special credit support, and do not lend, keep lending or suppress loans to enterprises that have temporary difficulties in operation but have development prospects due to the epidemic. For enterprises that failed to be included in the special refinancing support scope of the People’s Bank of China during the epidemic period and met the industrial development direction of Fengtai District and made outstanding regional comprehensive contributions, banks in the region are encouraged to provide financial support for them and give a discount of 1.5 percentage points of the loan amount, and the discount amount for a single enterprise does not exceed 1 million yuan. The local government guarantee institutions launched "anti-epidemic loans" products to help small and medium-sized enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic to renew their loans and reduce the comprehensive rate by 0.5 percentage points. (Responsible unit: District Finance Office)

　　Five, reduce the cost of enterprise property

　　Small and medium-sized enterprises that lease the real estate belonging to state-owned enterprises directly under public housing and state-owned enterprises in the area to engage in production and business activities, adhere to business according to government requirements or close down in accordance with epidemic prevention regulations without layoffs or fewer layoffs, will be exempted from February rent; Leased for office space, 50% of the rent in February will be reduced. For renting other business premises, the owner (landlord) is encouraged to reduce or exempt the rent for the tenant, which shall be settled by both parties through consultation. For commercial buildings with outstanding regional comprehensive contributions recognized by the competent department of industry, if rent is reduced or exempted for small and medium-sized enterprises in line with the industrial development direction of Fengtai District, subsidies will be given at 30% of the amount reduced or exempted in February and March, with a maximum of 1 million yuan; Large shopping malls and shopping centers with outstanding regional comprehensive contributions recognized by the commerce department will be subsidized by 30% of the amount of rent reduction and exemption in February and March, with a maximum of 1 million yuan. (Responsible units: District Housing Management Center, District State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Fengtai Park Management Committee, Lize Business District Management Committee, District Investment Promotion Service Center and District Commerce Bureau)

　　Sixth, support innovation and entrepreneurship carrier platform

　　Priority will be given to incubator funds for science and technology business incubators and creative spaces that reduce rents for small and medium-sized enterprises renting houses during the epidemic. (Responsible unit: District Science and Technology Information Bureau)

　　Seven, support enterprises to carry out epidemic prevention and control technology and product innovation.

　　Special funds for major scientific and technological projects in Fengtai District are given priority to enterprises involved in epidemic prevention and control. COVID-19’s scientific research projects in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment, as well as projects that apply artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other technical means to epidemic prevention and control, will be given priority subsidies for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements after review by the competent authorities of the industry, with a maximum of 3 million yuan. For loans to small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, the guarantee and evaluation fees will be reduced by 1.1 percentage points. Give priority to providing application scenarios for new technologies and new products related to epidemic prevention in the region. (Responsible unit: District Science and Technology Information Bureau)

　　Eight, support the stable operation of daily necessities supply and reserve enterprises.

　　During the period of epidemic prevention and control, large-scale commercial business entities that have made outstanding contributions to stable price and supply as determined by the commercial department will be given a one-time reward of 501 million yuan depending on the degree of contribution. (Responsible unit: District Bureau of Commerce)

　　Nine, increase the intensity of aiding enterprises to stabilize their posts

　　Expand online recruitment channels, make full use of Fengtai District’s "Everyone Employment Network" to publish job information, build a platform for employment service exchange, and ensure the stability of enterprise employment. To implement the policy of helping enterprises to stabilize their posts during the epidemic in Beijing, the insured enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic, face temporary production and operation difficulties and are expected to recover, and insist on not laying off employees or laying off fewer employees, can return the unemployment insurance premium according to the monthly per capita unemployment insurance premium standard and the number of insured employees in the previous year for six months. According to the growth of the average number of employees in enterprises at the end of April and the average number of employees in the previous year, enterprises are given moderate financial subsidies. For enterprises that enjoy the above policies, employees (including those waiting for posts) are organized to participate in vocational skills training that meets the requirements according to the post requirements, and they can enjoy one-time skills upgrading training subsidies according to the standard of 1000 yuan per person. Eligible unemployed people in this area can enjoy free training in accordance with relevant regulations. (Responsible unit: District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

　　X. Strengthening the guarantee of legal services

　　Set up a legal service group for small and medium-sized enterprises, and provide consulting and agency services for enterprises affected by the epidemic by "zero meeting" such as online and appointment, so as to reduce the business risks of enterprises. Provide specialized notarization services for small and medium-sized enterprises affected by the epidemic. (Responsible unit: District Judicial Bureau)

　　The above measures shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and shall be valid for the period of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 (unless there is a clear time limit in the specific measures), and shall be interpreted by the District Development and Reform Commission in conjunction with the responsible units. In addition to enterprises directly involved in epidemic prevention and control identified by relevant departments, enterprises enjoying the above measures should register and pay taxes in Fengtai District. Enterprises shall not repeatedly enjoy similar subsidies to support funds. Small and medium-sized enterprises should comply with the Standard Provisions on the Classification of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Bureau of Statistics, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance (No.300 [2011] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology).

April 5

The ventilator "collective vacation" in Wuhan Thunder God Mountain hospital is waiting for disinfection and cleaning;

April 11th

The ICU ward of Jinyintan Hospital completed the clearing of COVID-19 patients;

April 14th

Thunder God Mountain hospital patients are cleared;

April 15th

Thunder God Mountain hospital officially closed the cabin

… …

At home, good news comes one after another!

Abroad, New York ordered 17,000 ventilators from China.

Even Tadpole Jun’s overseas friends said,

His mother insisted on buying him a ventilator on Taobao.

"I am so helpless. If medical ventilators can be bought on Taobao, how can there be such a shortage abroad?"

so

What is the difference between the ventilator in the hospital and the ventilator we usually say? Is it necessary for ordinary people to use medical ventilators? What kinds of medical ventilators are there?

Too long to read the version

Rescue breathing equipment can be roughly divided into:

Oxygen therapy equipment, ventilator and artificial lung (ECMO).

They have their own characteristics, and the diseases they aim at are different.

Healthy people, there is absolutely no need to buy it themselves.

Oxygen therapy equipment

When it comes to ventilators, many readers may immediately think of scenes in TV dramas. The attending doctor said, "Come on, the patient is dying." As soon as the voice fell, the nurse hurried to push the oxygen bottle. Oxygen bottles, oxygen bags and various oxygen generators on shopping websites all belong to oxygen therapy equipment.

Oxygen therapy equipment has two functions.

(1) directly provide oxygen for patients.

If we compare the human body to a jar, with one mouth sucking air and one mouth discharging waste gas, then the oxygen concentration in the jar must be kept constant because every cell needs a certain amount of oxygen. However, in some cases, the oxygen concentration in patients will drop. For example, the patient is in a plateau, and the oxygen in the air is insufficient, or the patient suffers from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the trachea and bubbles are diseased, so no matter how hard he tries, he can’t breathe in too much air. What should we do? The answer is to increase the oxygen concentration in the air inlet, that is, to provide patients with higher concentration of oxygen through oxygen therapy equipment.

(2) as an oxygen source

Oxygen therapy equipment can also be connected to a ventilator as a source of oxygen. It can be seen from here that the ventilators mentioned by doctors are not the same as oxygen cylinders and oxygen generators.

Hyperbaric oxygen chamber is a special oxygen therapy equipment. In other words, it is essentially an oxygen cylinder, but it can be as big as a room. The atmospheric pressure inside is usually three times the normal pressure, and accordingly, its oxygen concentration is very high.

There are two common uses of hyperbaric oxygen chamber.

One is to deal with anaerobic bacteria, which are afraid of oxygen; The second is to treat carbon monoxide poisoning. For the human body, hemoglobin is equivalent to a trolley for transporting oxygen, and carbon monoxide can occupy hemoglobin, thus affecting the supply of oxygen. High concentration oxygen must be used to drive away carbon monoxide in order to save the patient’s life.

Because of the high oxygen concentration, hyperbaric oxygen chamber is a very prone to fire. Don’t say that playing with lighters, even static electricity accumulated on chemical fiber clothes may cause accidents. Therefore, if you need to use hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment, you must strictly follow the guidance of medical staff.

Having said that, one more thing: all oxygen therapy equipment has a specific scope of application. Some sellers say that "regular oxygen inhalation can improve immunity and children’s performance" in order to increase the sales of oxygen generators. In fact, normal people don’t need these at all.

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation

Under normal circumstances, when inhaling, the muscles around the lungs are pulled outward to drive the alveoli to expand; Once the alveoli expand, the pressure inside is small, which can accommodate the gas from the outside. Covid-19, on the one hand, can directly damage alveoli and interfere with the expansion of alveoli, on the other hand, it will attract immune cells, and the fighting between them will inevitably cause inflammation and further aggravate atelectasis.

What should I do in this situation?

The answer is noninvasive mechanical ventilation.

Non-invasive means no wound; Machinery is the use of a ventilator; Ventilation means inhaling oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The motor in the noninvasive ventilator can compress oxygen, create pressure, and then, along the breathing mask, enter the patient’s lungs — — Whether the alveoli can expand or not, oxygen is directly injected into them.

Of course, this is just a general principle, which is actually much more complicated. The pressure produced by the ventilator can be positive pressure or negative pressure, which can be generated continuously or provided intermittently, and can be adjusted according to the patient’s situation; There are also many kinds of breathing masks, which can be used only for the nose, or to wrap the mouth, or to wrap the whole face of the patient.

Invasive mechanical ventilation

Pay attention to the news, and you will find that most of the ventilators mentioned recently are invasive ventilators.

The biggest difference between invasive mechanical ventilation and noninvasive mechanical ventilation is whether to establish an airway for patients. Some patients have claustrophobia and can’t accept breathing masks, some patients have facial trauma, which affects the fit of breathing masks, and some patients have a lot of sputum in their trachea, which seriously affects the effect of ventilation. Therefore, the doctor will make an incision in the patient’s trachea, insert a hose into it, and artificially establish a passage for air in and out.

Accordingly, the structure of invasive ventilator is more complicated. For example, an invasive ventilator is equipped with a battery, which can continue to work and care for patients’ lives even if the mains supply is interrupted or the emergency power supply fails in the hospital.

Therefore, the invasive ventilator is usually fully functional and can be used as a noninvasive ventilator in an emergency; Conversely, the non-invasive ventilator cannot be used as an invasive ventilator because of its limited function. This may be why most of the current foreign orders are aimed at invasive ventilators.

In vitro oxygen membrane bonding

In vitro oxygen membrane bonding is the ECMO that is often mentioned in the first two months.

Strictly speaking, it is not a ventilator.

Non-invasive ventilator and invasive ventilator are both helpers of the lung, and assist patients to breathe through masks or tracheal intubation; When ECMO is needed, it doesn’t matter whether the patient can breathe or not, it can take over breathing completely.

When using ECMO, we should first make an incision in the patient’s blood vessel to draw the blood out. Then, ECMO will expel carbon dioxide from it, inject enough oxygen and heat it properly; Finally, the blood with proper temperature and full of oxygen is sent to the patient’s blood circulation through the motor.

In other words, ECMO is equivalent to a weakened version of the time capsule, which can temporarily save the patient’s life. The key is whether doctors can find a solution to the fundamental problem in a limited time.

However, ECMO and ventilator have one thing in common: both need oxygen. During the closing period of Wuhan, many hospitals were short of oxygen because of the surge of patients. Those workers who work overtime to produce oxygen and transport oxygen are also great contributors to the fight against the epidemic.

The domestic epidemic situation has improved recently.

But before the advent of specific drugs and vaccines

Oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilator, invasive ventilator and ECMO.

Is the most effective way for us to deal with novel coronavirus.

To make good use of them,

Not only need excellent medical staff,

But also the cooperation of manufacturing and transportation.

I hope that over time,

We can master these technologies thoroughly,

Better care for people’s health.

Original: Shi Juan returns to the park

In the article "It’s time to break the myth of multivitamins", we talked about that the quality of multivitamins cannot be guaranteed, and the products may not completely contain the elements indicated in the instructions, or may contain pollutants harmful to human body. How to find reliable health care products? This paper provides some methods for your reference.

Writing | Shi Juan

With the improvement of living standards, "health preservation" has become a daily topic for Chinese people. In addition to the old ways, taking all kinds of health products has become the best choice for many Chinese people, especially the elderly. A study shows that by 2023, the nutritional supplement market in China is expected to reach 40 billion dollars, which will replace the United States as the largest nutritional supplement market in the world. There are many kinds of health care products in China market, both domestic and imported. Many people like to buy "imported" health care products, especially those from the United States, and feel that the prices are affordable and the quality is guaranteed.

However, are all American health products really good?

The rise of American health care products market

Since 1994, the American health care products market has experienced rapid development: sales in 1994 were only $4 billion, and in 2018, it has reached $42 billion. To a great extent, this increase can be attributed to a federal bill passed in 1994, entitled Dietary Supplement Health Education Act [1]. This law was initiated by some politicians who are inextricably linked with health care industry’s economy. The protection of health care products manufacturers is far more than that of ordinary consumers, which makes health care products completely unnecessary like prescription drugs, and can only be listed after strict examination and approval.

This bill relaxes the industry regulations, so that Dietary Supplement (also known as health products, including vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, etc.) can be sold in pharmacies or supermarkets without the prior approval of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). After the product enters the market, if consumers report adverse events after use, the FDA will intervene in supervision. The FDA will also conduct product sampling inspection from time to time. If it is determined that the supplement is adulterated, the FDA can send a public warning letter to the manufacturer or recall the products sold.

If you carefully look at the regulatory content of health care products on the FDA website, you can summarize the following important points:

1) Health products don’t need the approval of FDA.

2) American federal law does not require health care products to prove to FDA that the products are safe before going on the market.

Note: it is not proof of "effectiveness"! You don’t even have to prove safety!

3) The manufacturer does not need to prove to the FDA that the effect marked on the health care product bottle is accurate and true.

4) Generally speaking, the FDA began to formally monitor health care products after they were put on the market. Monitoring is only aimed at whether this product will cause great side effects to people and so on.

5) It is illegal for health care products to advertise that "it can cure a specific disease or delay a certain symptom". This is why health care products usually do not say that they can cure a specific disease, but only generally say that they can improve "immunity" and so on.

There are a large number of health products in the market, some of which are produced by large companies and some from very small companies. The production specifications of different companies are very different. The number of health care products is a whole order of magnitude larger than that of drugs, but the resources for supervision are limited, which means that the quality and safety of these health care products can only rely on the conscience of manufacturers and distributors before problems are found.

01 consumer’s misunderstanding

Made in America?

In Chinese, we often think that the quality of health care products abroad (such as the United States and Australia) is good. However, things are not what we imagined.

Although most health care products sold in the United States are produced in the United States, their raw materials usually come from other countries, of which more than 60% are from China, and only the last step of assembly is carried out in the United States. Manufacturers will often change the source of raw materials, and different batches of the same vitamin from the same manufacturer are likely to have different raw materials. The FDA of the United States does not require the country of origin of the ingredients on the bottles of health care products, nor does it require the country of origin. It only requires the telephone number or address of the manufacturer or distributor for consumers to contact. Because the address is not necessarily the place where the product is made, it is impossible to tell where the health care product comes from just by looking at the medicine bottle.

Photo: American-made health products. But the raw materials used may come from other countries.

The following three common health care products are basically produced in China:

① 90% of vitamin C comes from China. Scots also produce a small amount of vitamin C, but the cost of raw materials is three times that of China, so the price is much more expensive than that from China.

② At present, there is no manufacturer of biotin in other countries except China. Many so-called "Made in America" biotin is actually imported from China, and then ground and processed, and turned into American production.

③ Pure folic acid mainly comes from China. Like biotin, many folic acid claimed to be produced in the United States are imported from China and then ground in the United States. The only exception is 5- methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF, a form of folic acid that is more easily absorbed and has better bioavailability), which is usually produced in the United States.

In the United States, the quality of health care products is also a big problem.

In 2015, the Attorney General’s Office of New York accused four major national retailers-GNC, Target, Walgreens (walgreen) and Walmart (Wal-Mart)-of selling fake and even potentially dangerous health products made of plant extracts [2].

The attorney general’s office tested the best-selling plant extract health care products on the shelves of these retailers, and found that four-fifths of the products did not contain any labeled plant ingredients, but only contained cheap fillers, such as rice flour, asparagus and indoor plant extracts (that is, artificially planted ordinary low-priced plants). In some cases, these substances may cause serious allergic reactions.

For example, Walgreens has a very popular self-produced brand of ginseng tablets, which claims to "improve physical endurance and vitality" and only contains garlic and rice powder. Walmart sells a ginkgo biloba extract, the real ingredients are radish, indoor plants and wheat flour, although the label claims that the product does not contain wheat and gluten. Of the six plant extract supplements tested by Target, three-Ginkgo biloba extract, St. John’s wort (St. John’s wort) and Valerian root-do not contain the ingredients on the label, but contain rice, beans and wild carrot powder. The same is true for GNC’s health care products, which use ingredients not indicated on the label as fillers, such as peanut and soybean powder, which is extremely dangerous for people with peanut allergy.

02

Natural = good?

There are still many people who think that health care products are mostly "natural" ingredients, so there will be no problem. However, even if it is extracted from natural animals and plants, the complexity of the animals and plants themselves (from the content of effective components to the pollutants that may be contained) and the industrial steps to be experienced in purification should be taken into account. Take some health care products made of plants, many different plants can be used to prepare health care products, but plants that look similar and are close in species may have very different effects. For example, many women take black cohosh extract to improve menopausal symptoms, but in the United States and Canada, consumers have suffered liver damage because the pills they take actually contain different substances with similar names.

"Natural" ingredients do not mean that they are good, and many natural substances are toxic. Toxic natural substances in food include cyanogenic glycosides in bamboo shoots, glycoalkaloids in potatoes, Furocoumarins in citrus plants (lemon, lime, grapefruit, bergamot), and many beans contain toxins called lectins. When the dose is reached, these natural toxins will cause many bad effects on people’s health, and some toxins will cause great damage as long as they are few. "Natural" ingredients are not worthy of superstition.

How to judge the quality of health products?

Because health care products don’t have to undergo rigorous clinical trials, there is actually no way to guarantee their effectiveness and safety, and there is no guarantee that they will not interact with any drugs you may take.

The only thing I can see is what is in this health care product. That is to say, does this health care product contain the ingredients it claims to have, the dosage is in line with the label, there is no pollution (such as lead and other heavy metals), and whether the ingredients can be released normally after taking the tablets.

Drugs can be tested for purity, so why don’t health products just do it?

Drugs are usually purified products, and the content of main components can even exceed 99.9%, with only a small amount of impurities. However, the ingredients of health care products may be very complex, sometimes containing dozens or even hundreds of different substances, many of which come from plants or other natural sources, which makes it difficult to detect the ingredients.

At present, the standard test method is to evaluate the components of health care products by chromatography. However, for complex products, the information obtained by chromatography is limited. Some new technologies, such as the combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and other analysis, can obtain more accurate results. However, before these technologies are widely used, further verification is needed, and the cost must be reduced to be routine.

Drugs for treating diseases are supervised by FDA. Who wants to test the health care products that have been deregulated by the FDA? How credible are the quality inspection data published by the manufacturers themselves? The best way is to be tested by an independent, disinterested third-party organization, so that the data obtained can be convincing.

Figure: Certification marks of three major health care products quality inspection organizations

01

USP certification

You may notice that many health care products in the United States have the words "USP verified" on their bottles (pictured above). This means that the product is certified by an independent, non-profit scientist organization called "USP Dietary Supplements Verification Program". USP sets a quality standard for food ingredients and health care products, and then welcomes manufacturers to cooperate with them voluntarily and let them test their production facilities, processes and product quality. If it meets the standard, the product can bear USP verification mark. The organization also updates the certified brands and where to buy these products on the website in real time [3].

But be careful, some companies will put "USP" on the bottle label instead of the unique black and yellow "USP Verified" seal. These companies claim to meet USP production standards, but in fact their products have not been reviewed by USP. In fact, only a few health care products have "USP Verified" seal, such as some Kirkland brand health care products in Costco.

In addition, strictly speaking, USP can not be regarded as a truly independent third-party testing, which requires the voluntary cooperation of manufacturers.

Figure: USP verification mark on health care products (from the network)

02

national sanitation foundation

Another non-profit organization that independently certifies certain health products is NSF International. This organization will certify health products such as fish oil and multivitamins. In addition, it also has a "NSF Certified for Sport" project, which is particularly useful for athletes and people who use sports supplements (such as protein powder, amino acids and creatine), because it has been found that these products are sometimes intentionally doped with stimulants.

The blue and white NSF logo means that the product has been reviewed by NSF and contains the ingredients listed on its label.

Figure: NSF markers of different species [4].

03

Other test reports

There are also some independent laboratories that regularly test a series of health care products, and then publish their test reports on their websites, such as ConsumerLab.com, labdoor.com, cptclabs.com and so on. On their website, you can find many test reports and rankings of health products, but you usually have to pay to see them.

Figure: Certification mark of Consumer Lab

04

Third-party test plan of CVS in pharmacy

In 2017, CVS, a famous American pharmacy, announced that it had started testing health care products on its shelves, and had completed testing 1,400 health care products from more than 150 suppliers. Early test results show that 7% of the products are not up to standard, and the reasons include pollution, the content of active ingredients is lower than that indicated on the label, and various counterfeiting behaviors. Common fraudulent behaviors are:

1) Substitute cheap compounds for more expensive components.

For example, manufacturers sometimes add a large number of other common flavonoids, such as quercetin or rutin, to a health care product called Ginkgo biloba. These flavonoids can be found in ginkgo biloba, but the concentration is usually very low.

2) Add some prescription drug ingredients to health care products.

For example, viagra is added to some health care products that claim to enhance sexual function.

Figure: CVS’s third-party advertisement for testing the quality of health care products.

Take health care products with caution.

The certification test mentioned above is a reassurance to consumers. However, these tests often only measure a specific batch number of products, and it is still uncertain whether the next batch of products produced by the same manufacturer still meet the standards.

I want to remind everyone that many health care products have complex ingredients. Sometimes it will interact with the therapeutic drugs prescribed by doctors. For example, some health care products may change the activity of some enzymes in the liver, thus affecting the metabolic absorption of prescription drugs. The changed metabolism may increase the concentration of drugs in the blood and cause adverse reactions; Or reduce the drug concentration in the blood, making it ineffective.

A study in 2015 estimated that in the United States, about 23,000 emergency visits each year were adverse events related to dietary supplements [5]. It is best not to eat health care products casually, and should be carefully considered.

references

[1] https://ods.od.nih.gov/About/DSHEA_Wording.aspx

[2] https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/new-york-attorney-general-targets-supplements-at-major-retailers/

[3] https://www.quality-supplements.org/verified-products

[4] S. R. Akabas et al., Quality Certification Programs for Dietary Supplements. J Acad Nutr Diet 116, 1370-1379 (2016).

[5] A. I. Geller et al., Emergency Department Visits for Adverse Events Related to Dietary Supplements. New England Journal of Medicine 373, 1531-1540 (2015).

The pen name is "Cats at My Will" and now lives in Boston, USA. I graduated from the Department of Biological Sciences and Technology in Tsinghua University with a bachelor’s degree, and joined a multinational well-known pharmaceutical company to engage in drug research and development after obtaining a doctorate in the United States. For more than ten years, he led the team to fight diabetes and muscular dystrophy. In recent years, he focused on the research and development of anti-aging drugs. Personal WeChat WeChat official account "Feel Free" to talk to you about medical care.

Shi Juan

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Original title: "It’s hard to say the quality of imports: the" catty "of American health care products industry | 117 threesome"

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On the evening of April 15th, local time, a fire broke out in Notre Dame de Paris, France. This 800-year-old medieval Gothic building immediately attracted the attention of the whole world. At present, the fire has been extinguished. Many French media reported that the short circuit of the wire on the top floor of Notre Dame de Paris may be the cause of the fire, and firefighters involved in the rescue said that the fire may be related to the renovation project of Notre Dame de Paris.

With the decrease in the number of new houses and the gradual improvement of infrastructure construction in China, experts predict that the future construction market pattern in China will gradually transition from the current focus on new buildings to the focus on the renovation and maintenance of existing buildings, and enter the post-construction era. In the impression of many people, the repair of buildings is often associated with ancient buildings. In fact, in the field of construction engineering, repair in a broad sense includes reinforcement, transformation, maintenance, decoration and so on; According to the repair specialty, it mainly includes: structural repair, leakage repair, external insulation repair, decoration repair and so on.

In addition to a wide range of fields, the number of buildings to be repaired is also considerable. The data shows that the existing building area in China is over 70 billion square meters. Due to the different construction technical standards and construction levels in different eras, in recent years, an average of about 2 billion square meters of buildings need to be repaired every year. However, compared with some developed countries, China has little investment in the renovation of existing buildings, and there are some problems, such as imperfect standard system, asymmetric market information, imperfect technical system and lack of long-term management mechanism. Judging from the proportion of market share in the whole construction industry, the construction renovation industry has not yet ushered in a real "spring".

Rising "sunrise industry"

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the construction industry, one of the pillar industries of China’s economy, has developed rapidly. According to statistics, the building area in China has increased by 91.4% in the past 20 years, and the existing building area has reached more than 70 billion square meters. With the development of society, the problem of housing shortage has been basically solved. However, in recent years, there are about 2 billion square meters of buildings that need to be repaired every year due to different construction technical standards and construction levels in different eras, so many people in the industry call the building repair industry "sunrise industry".

In July 2018, the insulation layer of the external wall of a residential building in Shunyi District of Beijing fell off due to sudden strong wind, injuring three pedestrians; In October, 2017, a concrete block fell off the outer wall of a residential building in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, causing one death … Faced with frequent safety accidents, the industry is increasingly hoping to improve the prevention mechanism of existing building repairs to prevent injuries from happening again.

"The development of the construction industry can be divided into three stages: the first stage is large-scale new construction, the second stage is both new construction and repair, and the third stage is mainly the repair of existing buildings." Tan Chunli, director of the Repair and Decoration Professional Committee of Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association, believes that compared with developed countries, China’s investment in the repair of existing buildings is relatively small, and it is still in the second stage. In the case of shrinking new building market, the building repair industry, which mainly focuses on old buildings, will become a "sunrise industry", and its market share will continue to expand and become a new economic growth point.

"The building repair industry is promising in the future." Yang Yongqi, a professor-level senior engineer of Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association, believes that upgrading the safety performance of building structures and improving the functionality of houses will make people live more comfortable and comfortable, and building repair is consistent with the current people’s pursuit of a better life.

In September 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Notice on Further Improving the Preservation, Utilization and Renovation of Existing Buildings in Cities", which also highlighted that the practice of simply demolishing existing buildings in different periods in some cities separated the historical context of cities and cut off the homesickness memories of residents. All localities should fully understand the historical, cultural, technical and artistic value of existing buildings, adhere to the principle of full utilization and functional renewal, strengthen the preservation, utilization and renovation of existing buildings in cities, avoid one-sided emphasis on the value of land development, and prevent "demolition".

However, although the building repair industry has broad prospects, it also faces a lot of challenges for practitioners. He Xiling, president of Beijing Construction Engineering Quality Inspection and Housing Construction Safety Appraisal Industry Association, believes that there are great differences between new projects and the repair of existing buildings, which puts forward many new requirements for the industry. "Building repair requires experienced technicians, high-tech instruments and equipment, new construction technologies and new building materials."

It is urgent to establish and improve the institutional system.

"Because the country attaches great importance to ancient buildings and has a long development time, the standards for the repair of ancient buildings are relatively sound and the atlas is relatively standardized, and the local standards in areas with large stocks of ancient buildings are also easy to form a system. However, the repair atlas of houses mainly focuses on seismic reinforcement and structural reinforcement, and there are relatively few dedicated to waterproof and thermal insulation; In terms of standards, the relevant system has not yet been established, and some important standards have been around for a long time, such as the "National Unified Housing Repair Project Budget Quota (Civil Engineering, Ancient Buildings, HVAC, Electrical Appliances, Elevator)" promulgated in 1995. " Tan Chunli said.

In addition to the imperfect standards, there are still some problems in the market, technology and management of the building repair industry. At the market level, Tan Chunli believes that there are mainly problems such as information asymmetry. "At present, the repair market is in a decentralized and disorderly state, lacking an open and transparent platform, and the supply and demand sides can’t get effective contact in the repair market, and often there is a phenomenon of’ no one to seek medical treatment’ or’ going to the doctor in a hurry’. In addition, the industrial chain of the repair market is still not perfect, and the scale of repair enterprises is generally small, which cannot provide one-stop professional services from testing, maintenance to maintenance for building users. "

On the technical level, compared with new projects, repair projects involve many technical requirements and require a large number of professional construction technicians. "Professional construction technicians are the foundation for the development and growth of the repair industry. Only a large-scale professional construction team can support the complicated repair requirements of the repair industry." Tan Chunli believes that at present, experts in the repair industry have no smooth channels for suggestions and suggestions, and they can’t play a leading role in the development of the industry. At the same time, construction workers who lack technology can’t get effective training. In addition, the current repair technology is single, the technical level is uneven, and the technical system construction is relatively backward. Once there is a problem in the building, we can only treat the headache and the foot pain, but we can’t comprehensively and accurately evaluate the building to be repaired, and we can’t confirm the effect after the repair.

At the management level, there is a dead end in the supervision of building repair, and there are irregularities such as technical appraisal and acceptance, and the market is full of new materials and concepts, which makes it difficult for ordinary consumers to judge. In addition, a long-term management mechanism needs to be established. At present, there is a general lack of a unified management system for repair funds, reporting procedures, bidding, and especially the implementation of renovation.

With the continuous application of new technologies such as UAV reconnaissance, 3D printing and BIM in building repair, how to better develop the building repair industry in the direction of standardization, specialization and quality has attracted the attention and thinking of many people in the industry. To this end, 10 units including Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association, Tsinghua University, Beijing Jiaotong University and Beijing Jianzhu University recently initiated the establishment of "Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association Repair Hospital", hoping to play a better role in information, technology and platform, and promote the development of building repair industry.

According to Tan Chunli, who was elected as the president of the Repair Hospital, the purpose of the establishment of the Repair Hospital is to gather more industry experts, integrate repair resources, help solve the problem of "difficult to see a doctor" in the repair market, and provide all-round guarantee services during the whole life cycle of the building, including daily physical examination of the building, consultation of the building to be repaired, provision of professional "treatment team", supervision and acceptance of "treatment effect"

　　Xinhua News Agency, Changchun, August 1st. Title: A 70-year-old man with 109 heroes monuments.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Jin Jinxiu

　　"I want to leave a place for future generations to commemorate the martyrs and let the heroic stories be passed down from generation to generation … …”

　　In Wangqing County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, there is such a 70-year-old man who persisted for 16 years and rushed to build 109 monuments for the martyrs who sacrificed in this revolutionary land.

　　"Jindalai in the mountains, the monument to the martyrs in every village", now more red seeds take root and sprout at the foot of Changbai Mountain, just like Jindalai flowers all over the mountains, red and hot.

Jin Chunxie paid tribute in front of Dongman Anti-Japanese Heroes Monument in Wangqing County (photo taken on July 20, 2015). Xinhua News Agency reporter Lin Hongshe

　　Monument repairer in revolutionary land

　　["Compared with the martyrs, what is this hard work!" 】

　　The 74-year-old Jin Chunxie is now the director of Wangqing County Committee for the Care of the Next Generation. In 2005, Jin Chunxie retired and did not enjoy the leisure time after retirement. He took the initiative to set up a monument for the anti-Japanese heroes for more than ten years.

　　He can’t forget the scene when he first saw the grave of Tong Changrong, secretary of the CPC East Manchu Special Committee in 2005 — — In the dense forest, small earthen bags less than one meter high are only surrounded by small stones, covered with weeds, and only one’re used for identification. "Tong Changrong went to the Northeast to resist Japan. He died heroically at the age of 27, but he didn’t even have a decent tombstone." Jin Chunxie couldn’t help crying.

　　According to historical records, during the Anti-Japanese War, there were 105 battles in Wang Qing, including 177 tombs of anti-Japanese martyrs and anti-Japanese joint sites, where more than 600 anti-Japanese soldiers were buried. Jin Chunxie found that many young people did not understand this history and could not name the martyrs. So he made up his mind to build a monument for the martyrs, "not to let history break in our generation."

　　I heard that it was a monument to the martyrs, and everyone stepped in to support it. Jin Chunxie often bows and thanks: "I thank you for more than 600 martyrs who died in this hot land!"

　　Jin Chunxie is communicating with the families of several martyrs (photo taken on August 12, 2015). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Changshe

　　In order to save money, from design to construction, Jin Chunxie personally went into battle, "rubbed" on various engineering vehicles to and from the construction site, and ran more than a hundred times in quarries hundreds of kilometers away. In 2010, Jin Chunxie was infected with hepatitis C, and the side effects of drugs made him sleepless, itchy all over, losing a lot of hair and losing more than 20 kilograms. Even so, he refused to delay the construction period. People around you said they didn’t understand: why did you toss about when you could have spent your old age safely?

　　"Compared with the martyrs who gave their lives, what is my hard work!" Jin Chunxie replied like this.

　　A narrator of heroic stories.

　　[A person "red" a city]

　　In 2011, Tong Changrong Martyrs Cemetery was completed. Driven by Jin Chunxie, the local government accelerated the construction of martyrs’ monuments and anti-Japanese sites. In the past ten years, 109 monuments have been erected on this land that was once stained with the blood of martyrs. And Jin Chunxie has more plans — — Write books and biographies for the anti-Japanese soldiers, and leave the heroic deeds of the heroes and heroes that make people cry for future generations.

　　Jin Chunxie is in front of Tong Changrong Martyrs Monument (photo taken on August 13th, 2015). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Changshe

　　"Jin Dage gets up at 4 am every day and starts to work. Over the years, he has traveled to more than ten provinces and cities to collect historical materials." Lang Lianfu runs a local iron art company. In 2018, Jin Chunxie found him and mobilized him to create a red picture book together. Lang Lianfu picked up his "old job" and completed four comic books with three other art teachers, all of which were donated to the society for free. "Encouraged by Jin Dage, the more we work, the more energetic we are!" He said.

　　Compile more than 1 million words of historical materials, draw a picture book of the Anti-Japanese War, and shoot a biographical film of heroes and heroes … … Jin Chunxie went around looking for anti-Japanese war veterans and descendants of martyrs, walked more than 20 thousand kilometers and wore out more than a dozen pairs of rubber shoes. Jiao Chunmei, deputy director of the training department of Wangqing Patriotism Education Center, said that at first, volunteers were only old comrades of the Committee, and now three generations from all walks of life have joined, and the team has been growing.

Jin Chunxie passed a wooden bridge while visiting an anti-United secret camp (photo taken on August 12, 2015). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Changshe

　　In 2015, Jin Chunxie was rated as the national "model of the times"; In 2019, it was selected as "the most beautiful struggler"; In 2021, he was awarded the title of "National Excellent Communist party member" … … Jin Chunxie’s persistence caused strong repercussions in the local area. With the support of the local Party committee and government, Wang Qing excavated red resources, built a patriotic education base and developed a series of red tourist routes, which attracted a large number of tourists from inside and outside the province.

　　"Old Jin Chunxiao is alone ‘ Red ’ A city. " Xu Hailan, member of the Standing Committee of Wangqing County Committee and deputy magistrate, said.

　　Sowers of the Red Faith

　　["Let the red gene continue from generation to generation"]

　　"In 1932, Tong Changrong led the special committee to move from Wangyugou in Yanji County to Macun … …” Before and after July 1st, there was an endless stream of tourists visiting the ruins of Xiaowangqing’s anti-Japanese guerrilla base. At the scene, the 11-and 12-year-old lecturers told the story affectionately, and people gave thumbs up one after another.

This is the distribution map of Xiao Wangqing’s anti-Japanese guerrilla base site (photo taken on August 12, 2015) drawn by Jin Chunxie relying on historical records. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Changshe

　　They come from more than 1,400 young commentators trained locally. For more than a decade, Jin Chunxie has lectured on nearly 100 patriotic education classes in various places and held 21 photo exhibitions on patriotic education for young people.

Jin Chunxie explains the story of the Anti-Japanese War to visitors at the tomb of the martyrs in Tong Changrong (photo taken on August 13th, 2015). Xinhua News Agency reporter Xu Changshe

　　Inspired by Jin Chunxie’s red education, in 2010, the fourth primary school in Wangqing County established the first "Tong Changrong Hero Squadron" in Wangqing County. In 2017, with the approval of the National Red Army Primary School Construction Engineering Council, the school was renamed as "Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants Jilin Wangqing Tong Changrong Red Army Primary School". At present, 42 primary and secondary schools in the county have set up heroic squadrons (classes) to carry out revolutionary traditional education.

　　At the beginning of this year, Huang Ruiqi, an art teacher of Luozigou Town Central Primary School in Wangqing County, who was born in the 1990s, joined the volunteer team and participated in many thematic art exhibitions such as anti-union and anti-epidemic. Recently, she grabbed her spare time to create oil paintings, showing the hardships of martyrs climbing the ice and lying in the snow, and praising the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. "Grandpa Jin Chunxie took us into history and let the younger generation understand that a happy life should be cherished and the red spirit should be passed on." Huang Ruiqi said.

　　Compilation of Memorabilia in the History of the East Manchuria Anti-Japanese War, and revision of the new edition of "The Fallen Remains" … … Talking about this year’s work plan, the 70-year-old man is hale and hearty. In order to collect historical materials and better spread Wang Qing’s red story, he not only learned to type with a computer, but also went into the live broadcast room to record a short video.

　　"Let the red gene continue from generation to generation." Jin Chunxie said.

　　Recently, the news of sudden death of female college students in Shanxi University of Finance and Economics caused concern.

　　Figure Self-boiling video

　　On March 27, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics issued a briefing on this matter, mentioning that in the group jogging, the classmate suddenly fell to the ground after jogging for about 200 meters. Unfortunately, after a series of rescues, life was still not saved.

　　Sports sudden death is mostly cardiogenic!

　　In recent years, some of the news about young people’s sudden death occurred at work, and some occurred during marathon, fitness, running and other sports.

　　"The main cause of sudden death from exercise is sudden cardiac death (81%), most of which is caused by potential heart diseases. Brain-derived sudden death accounted for the second cause of sudden sports death (17%), mainly including cerebrovascular malformation, aneurysm or hypertension. " Chen Luyuan, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, pointed out in an interview with the Health Times reporter in 2019. ①

　　Zhang Daimin, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Yifu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, said in an interview with Zi Niu News in 2022 that sudden death during exercise is mostly caused by the rupture of some plaques of blood vessels, resulting in myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction. Especially when you are in a state of fatigue for a long time, the probability of this situation will be higher. There are three main reasons:

　　First of all, after a long period of fatigue, the body’s immune system function declines, and the whole body will be in a more fragile state;

　　Secondly, after a long period of fatigue, combined with the increase of blood pressure, blood lipid or blood sugar, these factors will induce the rupture of vascular plaque;

　　Third, under the stress state such as exercise, the factors of vasoconstriction increase, which also increases the probability of vascular plaque rupture. Many unfavorable factors are concentrated in fitness under long-term fatigue, which is very prone to some cardiovascular diseases. ②

　　There is a "black triangle" for sudden death, so don’t put it together!

　　Guo Jihong, chief physician of Cardiovascular Department of Peking University People’s Hospital, said in the Health Times article in 2013 that sudden death has a "black triangle", and sudden death can occur when one of these three corners appears, and the probability of sudden death is higher in two places and more dangerous in three places.

　　1) The lower corner has had cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and heart failure;

　　2) In the other corner below, there was an abnormality in ECG;

　　3) The apex is internal environment instability, autonomic nerve instability, sympathetic nerve excitement, electrolyte disorder, etc.

　　The bottom two can still be checked out, but the top one is "unstable internal environment" and emotional instability. Excitement, anger and fatigue are often inducing factors, so you should pay more attention to it at ordinary times. ③

　　We should know that long-term stress, hostility, smoking, lack of sleep, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity and so on will increase the excitement of sympathetic nerves. ④

　　People who are in good health and have no physical examination problems may have sudden cardiac death when they are in a state of high fatigue and high tension. In an interview with Health Times in 2019, Xu Zhimin, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, reminded the majority of young people that they should learn to pay attention to their physical condition, adjust their emotions in time, and avoid excessive tension and fatigue, especially not to engage in tiring behavior or work at night. ①

　　Stay away from sudden death and do these 5 points at ordinary times!

　　1. To know your heart health, physical examination is very important.

　　You can set up a heart health file for yourself. Middle-aged people, in particular, should have an "annual inspection" of cardiovascular system. In addition to electrocardiogram, dynamic electrocardiogram examination, color Doppler echocardiography and exercise electrocardiogram can help to find myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, abnormal heart structure, evaluate heart function and help to find coronary heart disease early. Of course, it’s up to the doctor to decide what specific tests need to be done. ⑤

　　2. Identifying sudden death signals is not untraceable.

　　Chen Luyuan, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, pointed out in an interview with the Health Times reporter in 2019 that most of them had clinical symptoms a few days before sudden death. For example: transient chest tightness, chest pain, fatigue and palpitation. This kind of palpitation is a sudden sinking of the body, or a feeling of flickering. The time is about three or five minutes, which quickly passes and naturally returns to normal. Especially unexplained syncope, such as dyspnea, irritability, sweating, abnormal snoring, etc. In this week or so, it is possible that the above situation will happen. ①

　　Don’t stay up late, make sure you get enough sleep.

　　In healthy young people, if they lack sleep for a long time and suddenly engage in high-intensity exercise, they may increase the risk of acute cardiac stress and heart disease.

　　Ruan Xiaoyun, the pharmacist in charge of the Pharmacy Department of central hospital of wuhan, said in the Health Times article in 2016 that staying up late often will make people’s sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves in a state of dysfunction, which will increase the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially for some people who have no symptoms at ordinary times but have high work pressure and unhealthy lifestyle, which leads to low resistance. Under the stimulation of high temperature, it is more likely to cause arrhythmia and promote lack of blood circulation. Once the blood supply to the brain is insufficient, it will lead to hypoxia, so it will suddenly syncope, which is triggered. 　⑥

　　Don’t be too tired, learn to relax yourself when you are stressed.

　　First, don’t make yourself too tired in work and study. Be sure to leave time for relaxation and don’t sit for a long time. According to the report on the health effects of overwork published in Environment International in 2021, compared with the standard working hours of 35-40 hours per week, people who work 55 hours or more per week have a higher risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke. Undoubtedly increased the risk of sudden death. ⑦

　　二是，放松休息不一定就是睡眠，比如看书、唱歌、散步、练习毛笔字，让自己觉得开心、身心放松的小事都可以多做一做。偶尔近期较忙导致睡眠时间过少，也不等于大脑就没休息，学会自我放松，让自己的身心得到充分的休息，比睡着没睡着更为重要。⑧

　　5.　运动要规律且适量，别透支身体

　　长期习惯性、规律性的运动，是可以降低运动相关心脏骤停风险的。但是，也要注意2点：

　　1）不管是普通人还是运动员的训练，都要讲求一个“度”字，不要轻易超越上限。尤其是未经系统训练和平时体质较差的人群，过大运动量加重心脏负担。一般强度以微微出汗，第二天不累为宜。

　　2）如果是过度疲劳状态的话，继续运动也会继续透支身体，诱发一些心血管疾病的发生。所以疲劳状态就不要大量运动了。

　　本文综合自：

　　①　2019-12-03　健康时报《运动性猝死大都是心源性》

　　② 2022-03-01 Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News "Increased Probability of Sudden Death in Fitness under Fatigue"

　　③ There is a "black triangle" in sudden death in Health Times from July to January, 2013.

　　4 2020-05-15 Health Times "Why did you die suddenly? 》

　　⑤ 2011-07-21 Health Times "Remember 1234 for sudden death prevention in middle age"

　　⑥ 2016-07-22 Health Times "Sudden death really caught off guard? 》

　　⑦　Global, regional, and national burdens of ischemic heartdisease and stroke attributable to exposure to long working hours for 194countries, 2000–2016: A systematic analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates ofthe Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.

　　8 2017-11-10 Health Times "Relaxation is more important than falling asleep"

Source: Health Times