The world’s second largest economy, with foreign trade, foreign investment and foreign exchange reserves in the forefront of the world … … China’s 40 years of reform and opening up have brought earth-shaking changes to China and unprecedented opportunities to the world. "We should promote all-round opening up with a broader vision, higher goals and stronger measures, and accelerate the development of a higher-level open economy." Chairman Supreme Leader’s important speech once again declared China’s sincerity and determination to open its arms to the world and win-win results with other countries, which is of special significance to the development of the world economy.

　　The upcoming 2018 annual meeting of Boao Forum for Asia will focus on issues such as reform, opening up, innovation, globalization and the "Belt and Road" to gather strength for the steady recovery of the world economy. Foreign experts and scholars interviewed by this reporter said that a more open China will lead global open cooperation into a new realm.

　　"China’s great success in adhering to reform and opening up is of special significance not only to China but also to the world."

　　Openness brings progress, while closure is bound to lag behind. "China’s great achievements in reform and opening up are amazing. In the history of the world, no country can achieve sustained and high-speed economic development like China. " Chen Zhengyi, chairman of Thailand Taihua Newspaper Public Welfare Foundation, told this reporter.

　　Forty years ago, Chen Zhengyili visited China for the first time, and she was deeply impressed by the poor life of farmers. Forty years later, she came to China again, and she was amazed by her vigorous economic vitality. She said: "It is a very correct choice to improve people’s living standards and let the people live and work in peace and contentment."

　　"the Communist Party of China (CPC), who is far-sighted, led the industrious people of China and created remarkable development achievements. China has become the main force to promote global economic growth." Hassan javed, director of the China Research Center of Pakistani National University of Science and Technology, believes that a China that insists on opening wider to the outside world will surely release greater dividends to the world and promote new growth of the global economy.

　　Dr. Xurifu, a researcher at the Institute of International Relations of Mongolian Academy of Sciences, has studied the relationship between China and Mongolia-China for many years. With his own feelings and observations, he realized the great development power released by reform and opening up. "As the most populous country in the world, China’s great success in adhering to reform and opening up is of special significance not only to China but also to the world."

　　Xurifu said that as a neighbor of China, Mongolia has greatly benefited from China’s reform and opening up. He clearly remembers that in 1990, a serious economic crisis occurred in Mongolia, and there was a serious shortage of daily necessities and food. It was by importing daily necessities and food from China that Mongolia got through that difficult period. He also said that Mongolian citizens can enjoy visa-free treatment for 30 days in China, which provides convenience for them to go to China for business, education and medical treatment. This is a tangible benefit provided by China’s reform and opening up to Mongolia, and every Mongolian citizen has a deep understanding.

　　Fernando Mata, former Chilean ambassador to China, said that China has played an important role in the stability and growth of the global economy, especially in Latin America. Many Latin American countries regard China as an important opportunity for their own development. At present, China is the main export market of many Latin American countries, such as Brazil, Chile and Peru, and also the main source of investment. In recent years, China has made great progress in the field of scientific and technological innovation, and a number of high-tech enterprises have entered Latin America, which has played a great role in upgrading the level of scientific and technological industries and cultivating scientific and technological talents in Latin America.

　　"The construction of the Belt and Road will closely link China with the development destiny of countries and regions along the way."

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the "Belt and Road" international cooperation should be actively promoted, and efforts should be made to achieve policy communication, facility connectivity, smooth trade, financial intermediation and popular support, so as to create a new platform for international cooperation and add new impetus to common development. In recent years, the "Belt and Road Initiative", a Chinese scheme aimed at contributing wisdom to solving global development problems, is winning more and more resonance around the world.

　　The world still remembers that in Davos in early 2017, when protectionism was on the rise and economic globalization was facing myths and clouds, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader made a firm commitment to openness: "The door of China is always open to the world and will not be closed." Schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, called it an important speech of "great historical significance" and "bringing sunshine".

　　Macchian, vice chairman of the British Group of 48, spoke highly of China’s determination and achievements in opening to the outside world. He said, "Now many people are worried about the future of economic globalization, because anti-globalization and anti-globalization forces are on the rise. In his speech at the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader stressed the need to unswervingly develop an open world economy. China is showing the boldness and demeanor of a global power and a powerful country, and has provoked the burden of leaders. " What Mai Qi ‘an admires even more is that the China government keeps its word and does what it says. "The China government is promoting many measures to comprehensively deepen reforms. I believe this will attract and encourage more foreign investment to enter China, which is also conducive to the recovery of the world economy."

　　Roberdeau de Almeida, director of the Brazilian Center for International Relations Studies, said, "The Chairman of the Supreme Leader proposed to rebalance the process of economic globalization in Davos, emphasizing the need to create a dynamic growth model, an open and win-win cooperation model, a fair and reasonable governance model, and a balanced and inclusive development model. This is widely recognized in Brazil. Brazil needs external markets and capital and explicitly opposes protectionism. Brazil welcomes the firm opening commitment of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader. "

　　La Valady, deputy editor-in-chief of Brazilian newspaper Business Service, said that in recent years, cooperation between China and Latin America in the economic field has developed rapidly, forming a situation in which trade, investment and finance are diversified. Investment cooperation has become a new engine to promote economic relations between China and China. Up to now,’s investment stock in Brazil has exceeded 40 billion US dollars, among which the most representative projects, such as the investment of State Grid Corporation of China in Brazil’s power industry, have brought the world’s most advanced UHV transmission and distribution technology and management experience to Brazil.

　　"China’s" Government Work Report "this year on China’s further opening up and strengthening ‘ Belt and Road ’ The expression of building and strengthening win-win cooperation has undoubtedly brought greater hope to all countries, industries and people in the world who support and benefit from economic globalization. " Ma Yue, chief economist of Queensland Insurance Group, Australia, said: "When the globalization model led by the West is in crisis, China is offering the world a new globalization idea with China characteristics with its own actions. ‘ Belt and Road ’ The construction not only connects the commercial routes of countries and regions along the way to China, but also closely links China with the development destiny of countries and regions along the way. "

　　"Open economy is the future development direction of the world economy"

　　In November this year, the first China International Import Expo will be held in Shanghai to build a public platform for commodity and global trade cooperation among countries.

　　James Petras, a professor at new york State University, told this reporter that China’s continued opening up to the outside world and letting the world share the fruits and opportunities of China’s development is an important driving force for the recovery and development of the world economy. "Contrary to trade protectionism, China advocates an open economy, which is the future development direction of the world economy."

　　Former Mauritian Minister of Culture Zeng Fanxing said that China put forward the Belt and Road Initiative and promoted its implementation, supporting economic globalization with practical actions. At the same time, China’s opening wider to the outside world and speeding up its "going global" pace will also push Africa-China cooperation into a new stage.

　　"As a country committed to building a community of human destiny, China is willing to share the development dividend with all countries in the world." Ma Yue believes that holding China International Import Expo shows the willingness of China government to open its own market, and it is in sharp contrast with the current protectionist policies of some countries.

　　Xurifu said that Mongolia is a neighbor of China, and it is an opportunity for Mongolia to participate in such an exposition. Mongolia hopes to export mineral products, meat products, dairy products, cashmere products, wood and other products. Through the platform of China International Import Expo, we can find more trading partners, and Mongolia’s exports can be more diversified. "At the same time, we can introduce Mongolia to the world, attract more countries to invest in Mongolia, and promote Mongolia’s economy to achieve better development."

　　(Beijing, new york, Bangkok, Rio de Janeiro, Ulaanbaatar, Islamabad, London and Johannesburg, April 5th, by reporters Li Yingqi, Li Bingxin, Sun Guangyong, Fan Jianqing, Huo Wen, Wei Xu, Xu Liqun and Li Zhiwei)

　　In recent years, it has been found that fluorescent brighteners are very harmful to human health, and cosmetics containing fluorescent brighteners have attracted widespread attention for a time. So, is fluorescent whitening agent really that terrible?

　　What is a fluorescent whitening agent?

　　Let’s get to know the fluorescent whitening agent first. It is a kind of fluorescent dye, which belongs to a separate category in the Colour Index (C.I．). The molecular structure of fluorescent whitening agent is mainly composed of a continuous conjugated system containing aromatic rings and one or more substituents. The special chemical structure enables it to absorb ultraviolet rays invisible to the naked eye, and then stimulate visible fluorescence (usually blue or blue-purple), which can make up for the lack of blue light in the reflected light of yellowish white objects, enhance the reflected light in the blue band, improve the whiteness and brightness of white objects to the naked eye, and make the brightness of colored objects brighter and more pleasing. This characteristic of fluorescent whitening agent has made it develop rapidly in the fields of textiles, paper, washing products, plastics and so on, and is considered as one of the three great achievements in the dye industry in the late 20th century.

　　At present, there are more than 15 structural types of fluorescent brighteners produced all over the world, and more than 1000 commercial fluorescent brighteners are available. According to different structures, fluorescent brighteners can be divided into stilbene type, benzoxazole type, pyrazoline type, coumarin type, naphthalimide type and other types. Among them, stilbene fluorescent whitening agent is the fastest growing branch.

　　The safety of fluorescent whitening agent is closely related to its structure, so it cannot be generalized. Different industrial fields have clear requirements for the use of fluorescent brighteners, so consumers don’t have to think that fluorescent brighteners are unsafe as soon as they hear them. For example, the "Fluorescent Brightener for Detergents" (QB/T2953-2008) stipulates that stilbene biphenyl and bis-triazine amino stilbene fluorescent brighteners can be added in the production of various detergents for clothing.

　　As early as 1999, CEFIC and European Detergent Association (A.I.S.E) started the project "Human and Environmental Risk Assessment of Household Cleaning Products in Europe" (HERA), and completed the safety assessment and risk assessment of stilbene fluorescent brighteners commonly used in laundry detergents, such as fluorescent brightener 71. The conclusion is that it will not cause adverse effects on human body and environment.

　　China’s food industry stipulates that it is strictly forbidden to artificially add fluorescent whitening agents in the processing of food and related products. However, because some natural plant materials such as bamboo contain fluorescent substances themselves, it may be inevitable to bring trace fluorescent substances into packaging materials, but their residues should be strictly controlled.

　　What kind of cosmetics are easy to contain fluorescent whitening agents?

　　Affected by the safety problems of fluorescent whitening agents in cosmetics reported by some media in recent years, more and more consumers began to pay attention to this problem. According to incomplete statistics, fluorescent whitening agents that can be found in EU cosmetic raw material database include fluorescent whitening agent 184, fluorescent whitening agent 230, fluorescent whitening agent 236, fluorescent whitening agent 264, fluorescent whitening agent 351, fluorescent whitening agent 367 and fluorescent whitening agent 393, which indicates that these raw materials may have been applied to cosmetics. Among them, fluorescent whitening agent 351 has been included in China’s Catalogue of Used Cosmetic Raw Materials (2015 edition).

　　Fluorescent brighteners may be used in cream, cream, emulsion, nail polish, facial mask and other products, which makes the appearance of cosmetics after adding more white and crystal clear. Because optical brighteners are mainly used to improve the appearance of products, their use in cosmetics is neither necessary nor common, and the dosage will not be too large. Some media reported that the problem of detecting fluorescent whitening agent in cosmetics focused on mask products. The main reason is that fluorescent whitening agents are added to mask carriers such as non-woven fabrics, or the carriers made of natural plant fibers contain fluorescent substances. China’s "Technical Specification for Cosmetic Safety" (2015 edition) stipulates that packaging materials that come into direct contact with cosmetics should be safe, and must not react with cosmetics, and must not migrate or release toxic and harmful substances that are harmful to human body.

　　So, is the mask used in the carrier or containing fluorescent whitening agent safe? This requires a scientific safety assessment based on product characteristics. Specific to the mask, the factors to be considered include whether the carrier is safe or not; Whether the fluorescent whitening agent will migrate from the carrier and attach to the skin surface during the use of the mask; How much will remain on the skin according to the way of use, whether it will be absorbed by the skin, and whether it will accumulate in the human body after absorption.

　　According to the existing knowledge, there are few reports on the migration of fluorescent whitening agent, and we can’t know whether the fluorescent whitening agent will migrate from the mask carrier, but it is difficult for the fluorescent whitening agent to be absorbed through the skin (unless there is a wound on the skin and the normal barrier function is destroyed), so even a small amount of migration will have little impact on human health. Scientific experiments show that if there is a wound on the skin, the fluorescent whitening agent will combine with protein in the human body through the wound, which will hinder the wound healing. Therefore, it is not recommended to use cosmetics that may contain fluorescent whitening agents when the skin is damaged.

　　How to detect fluorescent brighteners in cosmetics

　　When it comes to the detection of fluorescent brighteners, the first thing that people think of is to use a money detector to illuminate, which is the ultraviolet lamp method. Because the principle of fluorescent whitening agent is that the blue light excited by ultraviolet light neutralizes the yellow light, it can be judged whether the object emits blue fluorescence by direct irradiation with ultraviolet light. This method is very simple and can be used by ordinary consumers, but it also has certain limitations. Because this method can only tell you that the product has "fluorescence" phenomenon, it can’t prove that fluorescent whitening agent is definitely added, and it can’t prove what is added and what is the content. Of course, it is helpful for ordinary consumers to avoid buying products containing fluorescent substances.

　　The second method is ultraviolet spectrophotometry, which requires professional instruments and equipment. By measuring the amount of light absorbed by different fluorescent whitening agents, the content is determined by comparing with the standard. This method can accurately determine the content of fluorescent whitening agent, provided that we know what fluorescent whitening agent is used. The equipment used in this method is cheap and easy to operate, and it can be used for product detection in enterprises. However, the cosmetic matrix is very complex and easy to interfere, so it is risky to detect unknown products and should not be popularized.

　　The third method is molecular fluorescence spectrophotometry, which determines the type and content of fluorescent whitening agent according to the reflected light intensity and wavelength. However, the fluorescent whitening agent needs to be separated from the product before the determination, so it is not suitable for cosmetics with complex matrix as the second method, and is more suitable for determining the type of fluorescent whitening agent used in raw materials.

　　The fourth method is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which separates the pre-treated samples by chromatography, detects them with a suitable detector, and accurately quantifies them according to the corresponding fluorescent whitening agent standard. The detection cost of this method is high, and it is suitable for accurate quantification of specific fluorescent brighteners in complex matrix in professional inspection institutions. However, if conventional ultraviolet or fluorescence detectors are used, it will have certain limitations to determine unknown fluorescent brighteners. If mass spectrometry detector is used, the separation, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of fluorescent whitening agent can be realized at the same time, and the instrument has high sensitivity, which is very suitable for qualitative confirmation and quantitative analysis of unknown fluorescent whitening agent in complex matrix.

　　To sum up, the probability of containing fluorescent whitening agent in cosmetics is extremely low, and even the products containing fluorescent whitening agent are not necessarily unsafe, and they are all safe under normal dosage, so consumers should keep a good attitude.

　　(Author: Zhu Ying, Institute of Environmental and Health-related Product Safety, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention)