Focus interview： How to take the first step in 2021？ Authoritative interview will show you
Cctv news(Focus Interview): The past year of 2020 was an extraordinary year in the history of New China. And 2021 is a year of special importance in the process of China’s modernization — — The "14th Five-Year Plan" started, and a new process of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way began. The Central Economic Work Conference in 2020 requires that to build a new development pattern, we should take the first step, see a new atmosphere, and do a good job in eight key tasks. So, how are the ministries and commissions of the country implemented? What are the practical measures?
In the past 2020, it is estimated that the gross domestic product will exceed 100 trillion yuan, and the scientific and technological strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards will leap to a new level. The three major battles have made decisive achievements, and the "six stabilities and six guarantees" have obviously achieved results.
Sustained recovery and steady recovery are the main tone of the economic situation in 2020. But at the same time, we should also clearly see that there are many uncertainties in the change of epidemic situation and external environment, and the foundation of China’s economic recovery is still not solid. There are still some obstacles and shortcomings in some areas and key links. To this end, the Central Economic Work Conference has determined that eight key tasks should be done well in 2021: strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength, enhancing the self-controllable ability of the industrial chain supply chain, adhering to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, comprehensively promoting reform and opening up, solving the problems of seeds and cultivated land, strengthening anti-monopoly and preventing disorderly expansion of capital, solving the outstanding housing problems in big cities, and doing a good job in peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. Among them, strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength and enhancing the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain supply chain bear the brunt.
In fact, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China’s scientific and technological innovation achieved a simultaneous increase in quantity and quality, and the goal of entering the ranks of innovative countries was basically realized, and the investment in basic research was greatly improved. Entering the "14th Five-Year Plan", the Ministry of Science and Technology is stepping up the research and deployment of the construction of three comprehensive national technological innovation centers, namely, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, speeding up the implementation of a number of major national scientific and technological projects, and creating a number of internationally competitive regional innovative places. At the same time, we will step up the formulation of the Ten-year Action Plan for Basic Research, aim at key core technologies, and ensure a safe and stable industrial chain and supply chain with self-controlled innovation chain. Then, in the first year of the "14 th Five-Year Plan", how to enhance the self-control ability of the industrial chain supply chain, solve the "stuck neck" problem, and ensure that it does not "drop the chain"?
During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, China will promote industrial digitalization and digital industrialization as a whole, and promote the deep integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing industry. In order to continuously stimulate the vitality of market players, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will pay close attention to the implementation of the policy of benefiting enterprises, deepen the third-party evaluation of the development environment of small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the public service integration platform for small and medium-sized enterprises, and cultivate a number of chain owners with ecological dominance.
To ensure a safe and stable industrial chain and supply chain with autonomous and controllable innovation chain, the purpose is to promote the formation of a strong domestic market. On the one hand, we should dig deep into the consumption potential, promote the standardization and branding of services such as old-age care and nursery, smooth the commodity consumption chain of large consumer goods such as automobiles, household appliances and furniture, and improve the three-level e-commerce service system and express logistics distribution system in counties and villages.
Consumption is a key link and an important engine to smooth the domestic circulation. The strategic fulcrum of expanding domestic demand is to combine expanding consumption with improving people’s quality of life, take measures to promote consumption at the same time, get through the internal circulation blockage, and fill the shortcomings. At the same time, we must persist in opening up to the outside world in a wider range, in a wider field and at a deeper level, promote the integration of domestic and foreign trade, and smooth the domestic and international double cycle.
How to stabilize the basic market of foreign trade and foreign investment while unblocking the domestic circulation? Then it is necessary to focus on building a national import trade demonstration zone to promote innovation and promote the pilot of innovative development of service trade. Continue to relax market access, promote the establishment of service industries, expand the comprehensive pilot program of opening up, and implement the foreign investment law and supporting regulations. At the same time, it is necessary to build a global high-standard free trade zone network and promote the construction of a new economic system with a higher level of openness. In order to build a new development pattern, there is still a problem that cannot be ignored, that is, to solve the problem of seeds and cultivated land.
At present, the area of self-selected varieties of crops in China has exceeded 95%, especially the two major rations — — Rice and wheat are 100% self-sufficient. Foreign-funded enterprises only account for about 3% of China’s seed market share, and the amount of imported seeds is only 0.1%. Seeds are the "chip" of agriculture, and cultivated land is the lifeblood of grain production. While keeping the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, the task of building high-standard farmland in 2021 increased by 1/4 compared with the previous year.
In addition to solving the problems of seeds and cultivated land to ensure food security, the housing problem in big cities is also related to people’s livelihood and well-being. The Central Economic Work Conference clearly pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation, adjust measures to local conditions, and take multiple measures to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Around this positioning, in 2021, the housing construction department will improve the relevant mechanism from five aspects.
According to reports, in 2021, all localities will accelerate the construction of a housing security system with affordable rental housing and shared property housing as the main body. Among them, public rental housing is mainly for urban registered housing and families with double income difficulties, and policy rental housing is mainly for new citizens without housing, while large cities with net population inflow will develop shared property housing, and the supply scope will be mainly for registered population and gradually expanded to permanent population. The Central Economic Work Conference systematically deployed peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. Then, in 2021, how will peak carbon dioxide emissions’s campaign and the battle against pollution be launched?
In 2021, the construction of the national carbon emission trading market will be launched. According to the data, since 2011, China has carried out carbon emission trading pilot projects in seven provinces and cities, including Beijing and Guangdong, and conducted a total of 430 million tons of carbon dioxide trading, with a total transaction volume close to 10 billion. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, China put forward "resolutely fight the battle against pollution", and during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, it put forward "fight the battle against pollution in depth". The difference between resolute and in-depth will bring about a major change.
The Central Economic Work Conference requires that the macro-policies in 2021 should be continuous, stable and sustainable, and that we should continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy and maintain the necessary support for economic recovery. As one of the macro-control measures, what areas will fiscal policy focus on in 2021?
The data shows that during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, China’s accumulated tax reduction and fee reduction reached about 7.6 trillion yuan, especially in 2020, when the fiscal revenue and expenditure were difficult, China issued and implemented seven batches of 28 tax reduction and fee reduction policies, and it is estimated that the scale of new tax reduction and fee reduction will exceed 2.5 trillion yuan in the whole year.
The so-called blocking the back door means that it is forbidden for local governments to violate laws and regulations or borrow money in disguised form in various names, and to find, investigate and punish illegal financing behaviors of local government financial institutions together, so as to achieve lifelong accountability, investigate the responsibility, and put a "tight spell" on local government debt, which will add a "safety valve" to economic and social development. And how will the monetary policy in 2021 work?
Among the eight key tasks determined by the Central Economic Work Conference in 2021, strengthening anti-monopoly and preventing the disorderly expansion of capital are also a focus of attention. In the new year, how will economic recovery and risk prevention be balanced?
Anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition are the inherent requirements for improving the socialist market economic system and promoting high-quality development. In 2020, the General Administration of Market Supervision has paid close attention to the new situation and new problems in market development, actively responded to strong social concerns and released a clear signal. That is, no matter online or offline, it cannot be an extra-legal place for anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition.
In addition to paying equal attention to the "consequences" and "causes", in 2021, the General Administration of Market Supervision will also pay equal attention to regulating and supporting the healthy development according to law, to supervising and enforcing the law and to system construction, and resolutely oppose monopoly and unfair competition.
In 2021, China’s economic ship sailed into a new magnificent sea area, but we must also see that the road ahead is by no means smooth, and it will inevitably encounter rapids and dangerous beaches. Looking around the world, the world economy is expected to resume growth next year, but the great changes that have not happened in a hundred years have accelerated its evolution and entered a period of turbulent change. Coupled with all kinds of derivative risks caused by the impact of the epidemic, the situation is still complicated. To start a new journey and face all kinds of contradictions and problems, we must have confidence, bottom line thinking and sense of urgency, make mental preparations and work preparations for "sailing against the wind", play the first move and play the initiative.