At present, the real estate market generally has a positive boosting trend, and the signs of recovery in first-tier cities and new first-tier cities are becoming more and more obvious.
Xu Qian, reporter of China Housing News, reports from Beijing.
There is a rare collective surge in real estate stocks.
After the A-share market opened in the morning on April 29th, real estate stocks continued to rise. At the close, the real estate development sector rose by 6.39%. 15 real estate stocks have a daily limit of 10%, including Vanke A, gemdale, Huaxia Happiness, Rong Sheng Development, Jinbin Development, Dalong Real Estate, Jingneng Real Estate, Daming City, Sunshine Shares, Nanshan Holdings, Fuxing Shares, China Wuyi, Tiandiyuan and Rongan Real Estate.
There were 15 real estate stocks that rose more than 9% but did not reach 10% that day, including Xincheng Holdings, Greenland Holdings, Qixia Construction, Dima Shares, and Shoukai Shares. There are as many as 64 real estate stocks that have increased by more than 5%.
The real estate sector of Hong Kong stocks also strengthened. Hang Seng Mainland real estate index rose by over 4%, Huijing Holdings soared by nearly 52% in intraday trading, Fantasia Holdings, Jing Rui Holdings and China Aoyuan all rose by over 40%, Kaisa Group rose by over 30%, Sunac China and Zhengrong Real Estate rose by over 20%, Xuhui Holding Group rose by 18% and Agile Group rose by over 15%.
The sectors closely related to real estate also ushered in a sharp rise. For example, the real estate service sector rose by 8.5% on the same day, and stocks represented by World Bank, I love my family and Tianbao Infrastructure all ushered in a batch daily limit.
At the close of this day, the Shanghai Composite Index rose 0.79% to 3,113.04 points, returning to above 3,100 points; The Shenzhen Component Index rose 2.22% to close at 9673.76 points; Growth enterprise market index rose 3.5% to close at 1887.57 points; Beizheng 50 rose 0.8% to close at 815.19 points. The turnover in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was about 1,211 billion yuan, an increase of about 125 billion yuan over the previous trading day.
From the news point of view, the favorable support policies for the property market in various places have been introduced one after another recently, and the loosening of "purchase restriction" has become the main trend, releasing a loose signal to the market.
On April 18, Changsha announced that it would no longer examine the qualifications of buyers for buying houses within the city, and the official policy of restricting purchases for seven years was cancelled.
On April 22, Beijing refined the policy of buying a house after divorce, and relaxed it again on the basis of abolishing "you can’t buy a house in Beijing within three years of divorce", stipulating that as long as you have no house in Beijing under your name and buy a house within one year of divorce, the first home credit policy will be implemented.
On April 24, there was also market news in Shenzhen. Shenzhen may optimize and adjust the purchase restriction policy in the peripheral areas at an appropriate time, but the news has not been confirmed by the Housing and Construction Bureau.
On April 26th, Nanjing issued the Notice on Matters Related to the Settlement of Legally Stable Residence (Draft for Comment), which mentioned that the conditions for settlement will be further relaxed, and non-Nanjing household registration personnel who have legally stable residence in Nanjing and actually live can directly settle down.
On April 28, Chengdu also announced the liberalization of the housing purchase restriction policy. Housing transactions within the city will no longer review the purchase conditions such as household registration and social security, and will no longer limit the number of purchases.
This means that after Chengdu has become a hot provincial capital city such as Wuhan, Hefei, Nanjing and Changsha, it is another city that has fully liberalized housing purchase restrictions. Up to now, except Hainan Province, among the core cities, four first-tier cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and core areas such as Hangzhou (new house), Tianjin and Xi ‘an still maintain the purchase restriction policy.
"The whole region has withdrawn from the purchase restriction, which is the common choice of second-tier cities in recent times, and it is expected to cover other cities next. Under the background of systematically planning to stabilize the property market policy, strengthening the local main responsibility and the new housing market falling short of expectations in the first quarter, the motivation for local rescue is stronger. " Li Yujia, chief researcher of the Housing Policy Research Center of Guangdong Urban and Rural Planning Institute, said.
At present, the real estate market generally has a positive boosting trend, and the signs of recovery in first-tier cities and new first-tier cities are becoming more and more obvious.
Shanghai property market luxury "hot sale" news continues to spread. According to CRIC data, the transaction scale of high-end residential buildings with a total price of more than 20 million yuan in Shanghai in the first quarter was the highest in a single quarter since 2016. Among them, 1,079 sets were sold in March, a year-on-year increase of more than four times.
The Shenzhen property market also showed signs of recovery. In March, the number of second-hand housing transactions reached 4,547, up 115.13% from the previous month. As of April 15th, the number of second-hand housing transactions in Shenzhen reached 2,067, exceeding the same period in March.
According to the statistics of official website of Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, in March this year, the number of online signing of second-hand houses in Beijing was 14,280, up by 125.5% month-on-month, and it also broke through the "threshold" of 12,000 sets, setting the highest point in the past year.
The action of some real estate enterprises in danger is accelerating. On April 29th, Xuhui announced that it had reached an agreement with the bondholders’ group on the comprehensive plan in principle.
According to previous years’ experience, Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party will be held on April 30th to make arrangements for the next real estate work.
The day before this important meeting, the stock market soared, partly because of some news from the market scene. According to the news, the real estate policy may undergo directional changes, and more favorable policies may be introduced around the property market destocking, such as further liberalizing purchase restrictions, liberalizing price restrictions, and reducing transaction costs such as deed tax.
This day, real estate stocks rose sharply, which also showed that everyone expected to further emphasize the judgment of loose property market, and market confidence is being repaired. Whether it is the property market or real estate stocks, the bottom may not be far away.
Suddenly, it is rare for foreign giants to sing more about China real estate market. "After three years of bearish, thanks to the government’s assistance, we became more optimistic about the real estate industry in China for the first time. The real estate industry in China is preparing for a slow recovery. " John Lam, head of real estate research in UBS Greater China, said in an interview recently.
Original title: "Real estate stocks have skyrocketed collectively! Vanke and other daily limit! 》
Get together for divorce after the year? Is there a long queue at the divorce office of the Civil Affairs Bureau? Recently, a number of videos circulated on the Internet showed that the divorce registration offices of civil affairs bureaus in some areas "exploded" after the Spring Festival, and there were even rumors that divorce teams in some areas lined up at the door of civil affairs bureaus.
At present, some of the above videos have been officially rumored. The reporter also learned from the Marriage Registry of the Civil Affairs Bureau of many places that the number of divorcees in some areas did increase after the Chinese New Year because they did not handle business, but there was no long queue, and some areas replied that there was no increase, and even the number of married people was more than the number of divorced people … …
It is nothing new that the divorce rate has gradually increased in the past 20 years. The reporter found out that from 2003 to 2019, China’s national crude divorce rate (the ratio of annual divorce to total population, usually expressed in thousandths) suddenly rose, and the number of divorce registrations nearly quadrupled during this period. Although it is not really a trend to choose divorce after the year, some people in the team that handles divorce after the year admit that the reason why they specially make an appointment for divorce after the year is to have a New Year’s Eve dinner with their children and bilateral parents without leaving any final regrets.
one
Is there a wave of divorce after the holiday?
Multi-local Civil Affairs Bureau responded:
The number of divorces has not increased sharply.
On January 28th, a video released by a man in Fuyang, Anhui Province was circulated on the Internet, showing that only two couples got married in Yingshang County Civil Affairs Bureau of Fuyang, but the divorce team was outside the Civil Affairs Bureau. For a time, the topic of getting together for divorce after the year triggered a heated discussion on the Internet.
But soon, Yingshang County Civil Affairs Bureau issued a rumor statement on January 30, calling the short video content a rumor. In the statement, it was explained that the contents of the video were all located at the marriage registration window on the first floor, and the people in the queue were all people who registered for marriage, while the divorce registration window was on the second floor. The information video was a diversion and confusing.
Coincidentally, another netizen also recently released a video of a long queue at the entrance of the divorce room of Poyang County Civil Affairs Bureau in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. Accordingly, a staff member of Shangrao Civil Affairs Bureau in Jiangxi told the reporter that the specific situation in the video is being verified, but from the marriage registration data of the Civil Affairs Bureau, the divorce business volume is not much different from that before.
Is the peak of divorce after the year real? The reporter learned about the relevant situation from the Marriage Registry of the Civil Affairs Bureau of many places. On the whole, a number of civil affairs bureau staff said: "The number of people who handle marriage and divorce has indeed increased after the year, but the overall situation is still in a stable period."
On January 31, a staff member of the marriage registration office of a district civil affairs bureau in Jinan told the reporter: "According to the working hours that morning, the number of people applying for divorce business is 5 pairs, and the number of people applying for marriage business is 3 pairs. In a normal state, there is no such thing as a peak period of marriage and divorce. "
However, Ms. Wu, a citizen of Yangzhou, told the reporter: "I went through the divorce procedure on the third day after the year, and there was indeed a queue, but there was no big queue ‘ Changlong ’ 。” Ms. Wu said that she did not deliberately choose to divorce after the year, but the appointment date and number of people before the year were full, just making an appointment on the third day after the year.
Ms. Wu told the reporter that she went to the local civil affairs bureau for divorce at about 10 am that day, and the queue time did not exceed one hour. "There may be a queue because the business is not handled during the Chinese New Year, so it will be handled later in the year, and the number of people will naturally increase."
The operator of the marriage registration office of a district civil affairs bureau in Hangzhou also gave the same answer. "Although there are no recent detailed statistics, the number of divorces and marriages will generally increase after the year." The operator explained that this was because the Civil Affairs Bureau did not handle business during the Chinese New Year, which led to a backlog of applications for marriage and divorce. This is a normal phenomenon, there is no obvious sharp increase, and it is still in a stable period.
In addition, the reporter also called several marriage registration offices in Haidian District, Beijing and Heping District, Tianjin. The staff in these areas all said that the number of people who handled divorce after the holiday did not increase significantly. Among them, the Civil Affairs Bureau of Zhengzhou, Henan Province proposed that the number of applications for divorce by the Civil Affairs Bureau did not increase sharply after the year, but the number of people who came to get married increased a lot.
2
Marriage service industry practitioners:
Who to go back to for the New Year, how to share housework, etc.
Divorce promoter in adulthood
Although it is a coincidence that Ms. Wu divorced after the year. However, in order to eat the last reunion dinner, some people deliberately chose to go through the divorce formalities after the year.
"We originally agreed to divorce at the end of December, 2022, but we wanted to take our children to have the last reunion dinner on both sides, so we decided the date of divorce after the year."
Ms. Liang, 39, went through the divorce procedure in Wuxi on the afternoon of January 31. She told reporters that she finished the processing that morning, and there was no long queue. But when talking about her divorce, Ms. Liang still choked.
Ms. Liang, who has been married for nearly 10 years, and her ex-husband have a daughter: "Although the child is only 6 years old, she already knows the meaning of divorce and is very sad." Although the child was eventually raised by Ms. Liang, her daughter’s disappointment with her father was also in her eyes. In order to make up for the lack of children and explain to bilateral parents face to face, Ms. Liang finally agreed with her ex-husband to choose the divorce date after the year.
During the Chinese New Year, Ms. Liang and her ex-husband took their daughters to have a reunion dinner at her husband’s house and her mother’s house, respectively, and expressed their gratitude to their parents. In Ms. Liang’s view: "There is no deep hatred between our husband and wife when they go to divorce, but the concept is not harmonious." And this last reunion dinner is also Ms. Liang’s unwillingness to leave regrets for herself and her family.
"In fact, the number of people who consult for divorce during the Chinese New Year and apply for divorce after the year will indeed increase." Mr. Huang, the person in charge of a marriage rescue and service center, said in an interview that from the nearly three years since the establishment of his company, he can clearly feel that the business volume of the company is relatively large at the end of each year and the beginning of each year.
According to Mr. Huang, some of the businesses of the Marriage Rescue and Service Center he runs are to help couples rebuild their marriage and solve various problems encountered in marriage. "Judging from the cases we have encountered, problems during the Chinese New Year, especially those involving who is in the New Year, getting along with the elders during the New Year, sharing housework during the Spring Festival, etc., can all be the driving force for the breakdown of marriage."
In Mr. Huang’s memory, a man once suggested that he wanted to take his wife back to her husband’s house in the village for the New Year, and during the New Year, his wife took on a lot of housework, and finally his wife had the idea of divorce. According to Mr. Huang, because of the custom of his hometown, the man has taken his wife back to his husband’s house for the New Year’s Eve many times, and he can’t return to his mother’s house until the second day of the New Year’s Eve. This has also caused his wife’s dissatisfaction for many years. In addition, during the Chinese New Year, the family banquets at home are also handled by the wife and mother-in-law. For a long time, the wife complained.
Under the persuasion of Mr. Huang, the man’s marriage did not break down in the end. However, some couples failed to get together because of various complicated things during the Spring Festival. Even after the cooling-off period of divorce, they finally chose to divorce after the Spring Festival.
three
Sociologist:
Avoid impulsive divorce
Relevant social services need to be institutionalized.
The rising divorce rate is no longer a new topic. Since 2003, China’s divorce rate has started to rise. The reporter combed the data of the crude divorce rate released by the National Bureau of Statistics in the past 10 years and found that from 2003 to 2019, the national divorce rate has increased significantly, but since 2020, the divorce rate has dropped significantly.
Statistics over the years show that in 2003, the number of registered divorces reached 1.33 million, and the crude divorce rate was 1.05&permil. Since then, it has been on the rise; By 2016, the number of divorce registrations rose to 4,158,200 couples, and the national crude divorce rate reached 3.00&permil for the first time; Above; Until 2019, the number of registered divorces reached 4,700,600, and the national crude divorce rate rose to 3.36‰ It has become the peak of divorce in the past 10 years.
From 2003 to 2019, why did China’s divorce rate rise continuously in these 16 years? Wen Jun, dean and professor of the School of Social Development of East China Normal University, told reporters that there are several reasons behind this.
First, from a macro perspective, due to the accelerated pace of social changes and transformation, the traditional division of labor between husband and wife and family structure have been impacted, and more and more women have taken up jobs, their social status has been improved, and their economic subordination has been reduced, which has immediately broken the family stability and raised the possibility of divorce to a certain extent;
Secondly, from the microscopic point of view, people’s ideological emancipation brought about by social progress has changed their understanding of traditional marriage, and they no longer think that divorce is a bad behavior, which also makes more people dare to pursue personal happiness and say no to low-quality marriage, thus increasing the possibility of divorce.
In Wen Jun’s view, behind the high divorce rate, it also reflects the crux of China’s social organization, interpersonal network construction and insufficient level of community public services. "Especially for young people’s impulsive divorce, apart from administrative intervention, we still lack effective social services to resolve it, and the excellent solutions provided by social organizations and even emotional counseling and counseling are still insufficient.
However, the reporter also noticed that after 2019, the divorce rate in China gradually went downhill. By 2020, the number of divorce registrations will drop from over 4.7 million couples to 4.339 million couples, and the crude divorce rate will drop to 3.09‰ ; In 2021, it dropped to 2,839,300 couples, and the crude divorce rate dropped to 2.01‰ .
In this regard, in Wen Jun’s view, the decline of divorce data after 2019 conforms to the law of social development. "China’s divorce rate rose for 16 years and then fell back, indicating that it has reached its peak in the past year and began to transition to a stable state." In addition, Wen Jun said that the setting of the cooling-off period for divorce also provided "soil" for the decline of divorce rate in recent years to some extent.
In Wen Jun’s view, in order to avoid the phenomenon of impulsive divorce after the year, social services in various places should keep up, and gradually incorporate community emotional mobilization, marriage counseling, community adjustment and psychological and emotional construction into the institutionalized construction.
Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Yang Yuqi Wuyang
Sub-district offices, township governments, district government committees, offices and bureaus, and district-owned institutions:
With the consent of the district government, we hereby print and distribute "Several Measures of Fengtai District on Responding to the COVID-19 Epidemic and Supporting the Development of Enterprises (Provisional)" to you, please implement them carefully.
Beijing Fengtai District People’s Government Office
February 19, 2020
Measures of Fengtai District on Responding to COVID-19 Epidemic and Supporting Enterprise Development (Provisional)
In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on resolutely winning the prevention and control of epidemic situation, fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee the State Council and the municipal party committee and municipal government on doing a good job in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, help enterprises tide over the difficulties and support the stable development of enterprises, the following measures are formulated.
First, strengthen support for key enterprises in epidemic prevention and control
To support the prevention and control of epidemic situations such as medical protective clothing and masks, it is urgent for medical material production enterprises to resume production and expand production capacity, and to help enterprises solve the problems of ensuring raw materials, factories, personnel, transportation and other factors in the process of resuming production. Give appropriate subsidies to enterprises that urgently need medical materials production and enterprises that provide space, property and other support, with a maximum of 1.5 million yuan. (Responsible unit: District Development and Reform Commission)
Second, open up a green channel for approval
We will speed up the examination and approval of new projects that produce materials needed for epidemic prevention and control, adopt a special way, and provide all-round services such as priority acceptance, on-site guidance and one-stop handling of administrative examination and approval items such as business license issuance, medical device production and business record permission. (Responsible unit: District Market Supervision Bureau)
Third, increase industrial financial support.
For key enterprises that meet the policies of "Several Measures for Optimizing Business Environment in Fengtai District" and "Measures for Zhongguancun Fengtai Science Park to Support the Development of High-tech Industries and Technological Innovation", the online declaration of policy funds in 2019 will be carried out, simplifying the application procedures for policy awards, speeding up the disbursement of funds and alleviating the operational pressure of enterprises. (Responsible units: District Development and Reform Commission, Fengtai Park Management Committee and District Finance Office)
Fourth, ease the credit pressure of enterprises
Take the initiative to accurately connect financial institutions for key enterprises in epidemic prevention and control, coordinate special credit support, and do not lend, keep lending or suppress loans to enterprises that have temporary difficulties in operation but have development prospects due to the epidemic. For enterprises that failed to be included in the special refinancing support scope of the People’s Bank of China during the epidemic period and met the industrial development direction of Fengtai District and made outstanding regional comprehensive contributions, banks in the region are encouraged to provide financial support for them and give a discount of 1.5 percentage points of the loan amount, and the discount amount for a single enterprise does not exceed 1 million yuan. The local government guarantee institutions launched "anti-epidemic loans" products to help small and medium-sized enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic to renew their loans and reduce the comprehensive rate by 0.5 percentage points. (Responsible unit: District Finance Office)
Five, reduce the cost of enterprise property
Small and medium-sized enterprises that lease the real estate belonging to state-owned enterprises directly under public housing and state-owned enterprises in the area to engage in production and business activities, adhere to business according to government requirements or close down in accordance with epidemic prevention regulations without layoffs or fewer layoffs, will be exempted from February rent; Leased for office space, 50% of the rent in February will be reduced. For renting other business premises, the owner (landlord) is encouraged to reduce or exempt the rent for the tenant, which shall be settled by both parties through consultation. For commercial buildings with outstanding regional comprehensive contributions recognized by the competent department of industry, if rent is reduced or exempted for small and medium-sized enterprises in line with the industrial development direction of Fengtai District, subsidies will be given at 30% of the amount reduced or exempted in February and March, with a maximum of 1 million yuan; Large shopping malls and shopping centers with outstanding regional comprehensive contributions recognized by the commerce department will be subsidized by 30% of the amount of rent reduction and exemption in February and March, with a maximum of 1 million yuan. (Responsible units: District Housing Management Center, District State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Fengtai Park Management Committee, Lize Business District Management Committee, District Investment Promotion Service Center and District Commerce Bureau)
Sixth, support innovation and entrepreneurship carrier platform
Priority will be given to incubator funds for science and technology business incubators and creative spaces that reduce rents for small and medium-sized enterprises renting houses during the epidemic. (Responsible unit: District Science and Technology Information Bureau)
Seven, support enterprises to carry out epidemic prevention and control technology and product innovation.
Special funds for major scientific and technological projects in Fengtai District are given priority to enterprises involved in epidemic prevention and control. COVID-19’s scientific research projects in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment, as well as projects that apply artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other technical means to epidemic prevention and control, will be given priority subsidies for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements after review by the competent authorities of the industry, with a maximum of 3 million yuan. For loans to small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, the guarantee and evaluation fees will be reduced by 1.1 percentage points. Give priority to providing application scenarios for new technologies and new products related to epidemic prevention in the region. (Responsible unit: District Science and Technology Information Bureau)
Eight, support the stable operation of daily necessities supply and reserve enterprises.
During the period of epidemic prevention and control, large-scale commercial business entities that have made outstanding contributions to stable price and supply as determined by the commercial department will be given a one-time reward of 501 million yuan depending on the degree of contribution. (Responsible unit: District Bureau of Commerce)
Nine, increase the intensity of aiding enterprises to stabilize their posts
Expand online recruitment channels, make full use of Fengtai District’s "Everyone Employment Network" to publish job information, build a platform for employment service exchange, and ensure the stability of enterprise employment. To implement the policy of helping enterprises to stabilize their posts during the epidemic in Beijing, the insured enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic, face temporary production and operation difficulties and are expected to recover, and insist on not laying off employees or laying off fewer employees, can return the unemployment insurance premium according to the monthly per capita unemployment insurance premium standard and the number of insured employees in the previous year for six months. According to the growth of the average number of employees in enterprises at the end of April and the average number of employees in the previous year, enterprises are given moderate financial subsidies. For enterprises that enjoy the above policies, employees (including those waiting for posts) are organized to participate in vocational skills training that meets the requirements according to the post requirements, and they can enjoy one-time skills upgrading training subsidies according to the standard of 1000 yuan per person. Eligible unemployed people in this area can enjoy free training in accordance with relevant regulations. (Responsible unit: District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)
X. Strengthening the guarantee of legal services
Set up a legal service group for small and medium-sized enterprises, and provide consulting and agency services for enterprises affected by the epidemic by "zero meeting" such as online and appointment, so as to reduce the business risks of enterprises. Provide specialized notarization services for small and medium-sized enterprises affected by the epidemic. (Responsible unit: District Judicial Bureau)
The above measures shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and shall be valid for the period of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 (unless there is a clear time limit in the specific measures), and shall be interpreted by the District Development and Reform Commission in conjunction with the responsible units. In addition to enterprises directly involved in epidemic prevention and control identified by relevant departments, enterprises enjoying the above measures should register and pay taxes in Fengtai District. Enterprises shall not repeatedly enjoy similar subsidies to support funds. Small and medium-sized enterprises should comply with the Standard Provisions on the Classification of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Bureau of Statistics, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance (No.300 [2011] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology).
Baking fan, cutting fan, cutting fan, closing fan …
On the coast of the South China Sea, the west bank of the Pearl River and the bank of Yinzhou Lake, there is a famous cultural city with a long history-Xinhui. Xinhui is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, and it is also known as "Kwai Township" because it is rich in Pukui. Xinhui sunflower art has a long history, and the planting and processing of sunflower trees began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After more than a thousand years’ exploration, Xinhui people have integrated knitting, embroidery, painting and printing, making the processing of sunflower art products reach a superb position. In the most prosperous period of sunflower industry, Xinhui has more than 300 sunflower factories and more than 500 varieties of colors, and its products are exported to Europe, America and Southeast Asian countries.
At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Qu Dajun wrote in "Guangdong Xinyu Pu Kui Fan": "The edge is made of the silk of wild silkworm, embedded with the piece of Bai Lin, the handle is made of the brand of Qinglang, wrapped with the thread of dragon beard and rattan, painted with copper nails, and the painting is gorgeous."
In 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai visited Xinhui and made a special trip to Kwai Art Factory, and spoke highly of Kwai craft products in Xinhui. When Guo Moruo visited Xinhui in 1959, he praised the sunflower fan technology: "The cool world comes from the hands, and it is more skillful than the ghost axe, flying all over the world and overwhelming the west wind." Guan Shanyue, a great master of Lingnan School of Painting, tried to "brand fire painting" for more than 60 times, but because he couldn’t grasp the strength of the soldering iron, he burned the fan every time. Finally, he had to throw a sigh of "branding": What a stunt!
▲ On July 6th, 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai inspected the sunflower industry in Xinhui. Photography: Cai Zhongzhi
The main products of Xinhui sunflower art include sunflower fan, sunflower basket, sunflower mat, cushion and sunflower coir. Besides, Xinhui sunflower art can also make a painting, a lantern and a screen, which has great plasticity.
▲ Tuyuan Xinhui released
Among them, the craft sunflower fan is the most famous one with pyrography and embroidery, which is one of the four traditional crafts in Guangdong. Fire painting fan is recorded in the records of Daoguang County in Qing Dynasty. Chen Wan, an old painter at the end of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, pushed the skill of fire painting fan to the peak. In 1915, a sunflower fan in Xinhui won the gold medal in Panama International Expo. In 1952, it was listed as a special handicraft by the state, and also won the first "Hundred Flowers Award" of China Ministry of Light Industry and other national awards.Xinhui Kuiyi was selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.
▲ Screen pyrography sunflower art fan. Photography: Liao Huilin
Xinhui kuiyi
It has rich humanistic history and local characteristics.
Generations of new people and overseas Chinese
Have some feelings for sunflower fans.
It’s hard to find any industry.
Can be like kuiyi
Bring back memories of the older generation.
▲ Sticker birds of paradise Kwai Art Fan. Photography: Liao Huilin
Inheritance of sunflower art in Xinhui
In addition to innovation
We need more people who love Kwai Art.
Get involved.
Hope that our younger generation
Can experience and inherit the sunflower art culture.
More hope for high-level talents
Be able to use what you have learned.
Fusion innovation
Cultural and Creative Products of Jiangkui Culture
Bring it to our daily life.
Create a cultural card with the characteristics of overseas Chinese hometown
The ventilator "collective vacation" in Wuhan Thunder God Mountain hospital is waiting for disinfection and cleaning;
April 11th
The ICU ward of Jinyintan Hospital completed the clearing of COVID-19 patients;
April 14th
Thunder God Mountain hospital patients are cleared;
April 15th
Thunder God Mountain hospital officially closed the cabin
… …
At home, good news comes one after another!
Abroad, New York ordered 17,000 ventilators from China.
Even Tadpole Jun’s overseas friends said,
His mother insisted on buying him a ventilator on Taobao.
"I am so helpless. If medical ventilators can be bought on Taobao, how can there be such a shortage abroad?"
so
What is the difference between the ventilator in the hospital and the ventilator we usually say? Is it necessary for ordinary people to use medical ventilators? What kinds of medical ventilators are there?
Too long to read the version
Rescue breathing equipment can be roughly divided into:
Oxygen therapy equipment, ventilator and artificial lung (ECMO).
They have their own characteristics, and the diseases they aim at are different.
Healthy people, there is absolutely no need to buy it themselves.
Oxygen therapy equipment
When it comes to ventilators, many readers may immediately think of scenes in TV dramas. The attending doctor said, "Come on, the patient is dying." As soon as the voice fell, the nurse hurried to push the oxygen bottle. Oxygen bottles, oxygen bags and various oxygen generators on shopping websites all belong to oxygen therapy equipment.
Oxygen therapy equipment has two functions.
(1) directly provide oxygen for patients.
If we compare the human body to a jar, with one mouth sucking air and one mouth discharging waste gas, then the oxygen concentration in the jar must be kept constant because every cell needs a certain amount of oxygen. However, in some cases, the oxygen concentration in patients will drop. For example, the patient is in a plateau, and the oxygen in the air is insufficient, or the patient suffers from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the trachea and bubbles are diseased, so no matter how hard he tries, he can’t breathe in too much air. What should we do? The answer is to increase the oxygen concentration in the air inlet, that is, to provide patients with higher concentration of oxygen through oxygen therapy equipment.
(2) as an oxygen source
Oxygen therapy equipment can also be connected to a ventilator as a source of oxygen. It can be seen from here that the ventilators mentioned by doctors are not the same as oxygen cylinders and oxygen generators.
Hyperbaric oxygen chamber is a special oxygen therapy equipment. In other words, it is essentially an oxygen cylinder, but it can be as big as a room. The atmospheric pressure inside is usually three times the normal pressure, and accordingly, its oxygen concentration is very high.
There are two common uses of hyperbaric oxygen chamber.
One is to deal with anaerobic bacteria, which are afraid of oxygen; The second is to treat carbon monoxide poisoning. For the human body, hemoglobin is equivalent to a trolley for transporting oxygen, and carbon monoxide can occupy hemoglobin, thus affecting the supply of oxygen. High concentration oxygen must be used to drive away carbon monoxide in order to save the patient’s life.
Because of the high oxygen concentration, hyperbaric oxygen chamber is a very prone to fire. Don’t say that playing with lighters, even static electricity accumulated on chemical fiber clothes may cause accidents. Therefore, if you need to use hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment, you must strictly follow the guidance of medical staff.
Having said that, one more thing: all oxygen therapy equipment has a specific scope of application. Some sellers say that "regular oxygen inhalation can improve immunity and children’s performance" in order to increase the sales of oxygen generators. In fact, normal people don’t need these at all.
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation
Under normal circumstances, when inhaling, the muscles around the lungs are pulled outward to drive the alveoli to expand; Once the alveoli expand, the pressure inside is small, which can accommodate the gas from the outside. Covid-19, on the one hand, can directly damage alveoli and interfere with the expansion of alveoli, on the other hand, it will attract immune cells, and the fighting between them will inevitably cause inflammation and further aggravate atelectasis.
What should I do in this situation?
The answer is noninvasive mechanical ventilation.
Non-invasive means no wound; Machinery is the use of a ventilator; Ventilation means inhaling oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. The motor in the noninvasive ventilator can compress oxygen, create pressure, and then, along the breathing mask, enter the patient’s lungs — — Whether the alveoli can expand or not, oxygen is directly injected into them.
Of course, this is just a general principle, which is actually much more complicated. The pressure produced by the ventilator can be positive pressure or negative pressure, which can be generated continuously or provided intermittently, and can be adjusted according to the patient’s situation; There are also many kinds of breathing masks, which can be used only for the nose, or to wrap the mouth, or to wrap the whole face of the patient.
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Pay attention to the news, and you will find that most of the ventilators mentioned recently are invasive ventilators.
The biggest difference between invasive mechanical ventilation and noninvasive mechanical ventilation is whether to establish an airway for patients. Some patients have claustrophobia and can’t accept breathing masks, some patients have facial trauma, which affects the fit of breathing masks, and some patients have a lot of sputum in their trachea, which seriously affects the effect of ventilation. Therefore, the doctor will make an incision in the patient’s trachea, insert a hose into it, and artificially establish a passage for air in and out.
Accordingly, the structure of invasive ventilator is more complicated. For example, an invasive ventilator is equipped with a battery, which can continue to work and care for patients’ lives even if the mains supply is interrupted or the emergency power supply fails in the hospital.
Therefore, the invasive ventilator is usually fully functional and can be used as a noninvasive ventilator in an emergency; Conversely, the non-invasive ventilator cannot be used as an invasive ventilator because of its limited function. This may be why most of the current foreign orders are aimed at invasive ventilators.
In vitro oxygen membrane bonding
In vitro oxygen membrane bonding is the ECMO that is often mentioned in the first two months.
Strictly speaking, it is not a ventilator.
Non-invasive ventilator and invasive ventilator are both helpers of the lung, and assist patients to breathe through masks or tracheal intubation; When ECMO is needed, it doesn’t matter whether the patient can breathe or not, it can take over breathing completely.
When using ECMO, we should first make an incision in the patient’s blood vessel to draw the blood out. Then, ECMO will expel carbon dioxide from it, inject enough oxygen and heat it properly; Finally, the blood with proper temperature and full of oxygen is sent to the patient’s blood circulation through the motor.
In other words, ECMO is equivalent to a weakened version of the time capsule, which can temporarily save the patient’s life. The key is whether doctors can find a solution to the fundamental problem in a limited time.
However, ECMO and ventilator have one thing in common: both need oxygen. During the closing period of Wuhan, many hospitals were short of oxygen because of the surge of patients. Those workers who work overtime to produce oxygen and transport oxygen are also great contributors to the fight against the epidemic.
The domestic epidemic situation has improved recently.
But before the advent of specific drugs and vaccines
Oxygen therapy, noninvasive ventilator, invasive ventilator and ECMO.
Is the most effective way for us to deal with novel coronavirus.
To make good use of them,
Not only need excellent medical staff,
But also the cooperation of manufacturing and transportation.
Magpies can be said to be the most common birds in rural areas of Guanzhong, especially in the countryside near the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, on the big trees in front of and behind people’s houses, and among the branches on the banks of ditches in rural areas. Magpie looks very festive, with a round head, a pointed beak, a fat body, a long tail and feathers in black, white, blue and purple, which can be said to be loved by everyone. What the villagers like best is its chirping sound, which they think is an auspicious sound. "When the magpies chirp, the guests will come", which is a favorite saying in our village.
I also like magpies for two reasons. First, I have lived in the countryside since I was a child. Magpies are more common and seen, just like my neighbors. When I am familiar with them, I am happy. Second, I think this kind of bird looks good and sounds good, unlike sparrows, which gather in groups in front of people’s eaves all day, chattering, making people upset, and sometimes harming crops and making people hate it. Nor is it like an owl, whose voice is sharp and harsh, such as a sharp instrument crossing a slate.
In my memory, magpies are the most common in spring and winter, but they don’t seem to be seen much in summer. This may be the reason why the magpie’s whereabouts are not easy to be found in summer. In spring, magpies can often be seen in Yuan Ye, my hometown. They jump in the wheat field one by one, head by head, and look very fun; Or while chirping, slowly fly from tree to tree, and the tail feathers draw a beautiful arc. This season, magpies’ nests are also easier to find, mostly on tall poplars. Walking in the countryside, when I look up, you will see huge magpie nests, crouching peacefully among the treetops of Gao Yang willow trees, as if they were pieces of art.. The sky is pure and blue, not stained with a trace of dust. At this time, there may be wind, and the nest will gently shake with the wind.
Although it shakes, there is no need to worry that the nest will be blown down by the wind, because magpies are masters of nesting. I have lived in the country for many years, and I have seen many bird nests, such as those of swallows, sparrows and turtledoves … I think they are not as beautiful and strong as those of magpies. Sparrows make a nest out of a mess of grass. Sometimes, they don’t even build such a simple nest, but live directly under the eaves of others or among the trees. Swallows’ nests are exquisite, but they are also built on the beams of other people’s houses, and they like to use old nests, which are neither as big as magpie’s nests nor as beautiful as magpie’s nests. As for the doves’ nests, they are mostly built in the oblique branches of the trunk of a big tree, which is not only sloppy, but also extremely unsafe. When I was a teenager, I saw more than once that the village children climbed the tree to dig out the nest of the turtledove, and the turtledove flew around the tree in shock. Magpies, on the other hand, have no such worries. Their nests are mostly at the top of big trees, and village children can’t climb them. Even if they climbed up, because the branches at the top of the tree were too thin, the children were afraid of breaking the branches and falling to the ground, and did not dare to climb to the top to dig out the magpie nest. What’s more, the villagers also forbid children to climb the tree and dig out the magpie nest. Therefore, it is very natural that magpies are more common in their hometown.
In spring and summer, magpies are busy building nests, laying eggs and brooding, but in autumn, magpies seem to be more relaxed. This season, the young magpies have grown up, so they don’t need to be fed. There is plenty of food in the field, and they can eat without much effort. The full magpies are singing and playing in the fields, or in the big trees in front of and behind people’s houses. Only in winter, because of the lack of food and the cold weather, they seem sluggish and seem to be less active than in spring, summer and autumn. Magpies seen in winter are mostly foraging.
I have long known that magpies like to live in exile. In the past, during those years in my hometown, I also often saw it. However, in the past twenty years, it seems that I have seen fewer magpies in the plains and Sichuan fields. Sometimes I see it occasionally, and it is often one or two, and there are no groups. And the magpie’s nest seems to be smaller than I remember. Looking at it, it is about the size of a basketball and stands alone among the treetops of a small tree. Last winter, I went to Fengyukou, Qinling Mountain to play. By the Hongcao River, I unexpectedly met a large group of magpies. They were screaming and laughing, jumping and pecking in a mountainous area. That carefree, makes me fascinated. I was excited for a long time, and I stopped in a hurry and watched it quietly for a while. At that moment, my heart seemed to have returned to my familiar hometown and my distant childhood. In a trance, I saw my kind grandmother take a big red window cut of a magpie and stick it on the pane. And outside the window, it is a place of snow, a tree of Qiongzhi.
In the article "It’s time to break the myth of multivitamins", we talked about that the quality of multivitamins cannot be guaranteed, and the products may not completely contain the elements indicated in the instructions, or may contain pollutants harmful to human body. How to find reliable health care products? This paper provides some methods for your reference.
Writing | Shi Juan
With the improvement of living standards, "health preservation" has become a daily topic for Chinese people. In addition to the old ways, taking all kinds of health products has become the best choice for many Chinese people, especially the elderly. A study shows that by 2023, the nutritional supplement market in China is expected to reach 40 billion dollars, which will replace the United States as the largest nutritional supplement market in the world. There are many kinds of health care products in China market, both domestic and imported. Many people like to buy "imported" health care products, especially those from the United States, and feel that the prices are affordable and the quality is guaranteed.
However, are all American health products really good?
The rise of American health care products market
Since 1994, the American health care products market has experienced rapid development: sales in 1994 were only $4 billion, and in 2018, it has reached $42 billion. To a great extent, this increase can be attributed to a federal bill passed in 1994, entitled Dietary Supplement Health Education Act [1]. This law was initiated by some politicians who are inextricably linked with health care industry’s economy. The protection of health care products manufacturers is far more than that of ordinary consumers, which makes health care products completely unnecessary like prescription drugs, and can only be listed after strict examination and approval.
This bill relaxes the industry regulations, so that Dietary Supplement (also known as health products, including vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, etc.) can be sold in pharmacies or supermarkets without the prior approval of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). After the product enters the market, if consumers report adverse events after use, the FDA will intervene in supervision. The FDA will also conduct product sampling inspection from time to time. If it is determined that the supplement is adulterated, the FDA can send a public warning letter to the manufacturer or recall the products sold.
If you carefully look at the regulatory content of health care products on the FDA website, you can summarize the following important points:
1) Health products don’t need the approval of FDA.
2) American federal law does not require health care products to prove to FDA that the products are safe before going on the market.
Note: it is not proof of "effectiveness"! You don’t even have to prove safety!
3) The manufacturer does not need to prove to the FDA that the effect marked on the health care product bottle is accurate and true.
4) Generally speaking, the FDA began to formally monitor health care products after they were put on the market. Monitoring is only aimed at whether this product will cause great side effects to people and so on.
5) It is illegal for health care products to advertise that "it can cure a specific disease or delay a certain symptom". This is why health care products usually do not say that they can cure a specific disease, but only generally say that they can improve "immunity" and so on.
There are a large number of health products in the market, some of which are produced by large companies and some from very small companies. The production specifications of different companies are very different. The number of health care products is a whole order of magnitude larger than that of drugs, but the resources for supervision are limited, which means that the quality and safety of these health care products can only rely on the conscience of manufacturers and distributors before problems are found.
01 consumer’s misunderstanding
Made in America?
In Chinese, we often think that the quality of health care products abroad (such as the United States and Australia) is good. However, things are not what we imagined.
Although most health care products sold in the United States are produced in the United States, their raw materials usually come from other countries, of which more than 60% are from China, and only the last step of assembly is carried out in the United States. Manufacturers will often change the source of raw materials, and different batches of the same vitamin from the same manufacturer are likely to have different raw materials. The FDA of the United States does not require the country of origin of the ingredients on the bottles of health care products, nor does it require the country of origin. It only requires the telephone number or address of the manufacturer or distributor for consumers to contact. Because the address is not necessarily the place where the product is made, it is impossible to tell where the health care product comes from just by looking at the medicine bottle.
Photo: American-made health products. But the raw materials used may come from other countries.
The following three common health care products are basically produced in China:
① 90% of vitamin C comes from China. Scots also produce a small amount of vitamin C, but the cost of raw materials is three times that of China, so the price is much more expensive than that from China.
② At present, there is no manufacturer of biotin in other countries except China. Many so-called "Made in America" biotin is actually imported from China, and then ground and processed, and turned into American production.
③ Pure folic acid mainly comes from China. Like biotin, many folic acid claimed to be produced in the United States are imported from China and then ground in the United States. The only exception is 5- methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF, a form of folic acid that is more easily absorbed and has better bioavailability), which is usually produced in the United States.
In the United States, the quality of health care products is also a big problem.
In 2015, the Attorney General’s Office of New York accused four major national retailers-GNC, Target, Walgreens (walgreen) and Walmart (Wal-Mart)-of selling fake and even potentially dangerous health products made of plant extracts [2].
The attorney general’s office tested the best-selling plant extract health care products on the shelves of these retailers, and found that four-fifths of the products did not contain any labeled plant ingredients, but only contained cheap fillers, such as rice flour, asparagus and indoor plant extracts (that is, artificially planted ordinary low-priced plants). In some cases, these substances may cause serious allergic reactions.
For example, Walgreens has a very popular self-produced brand of ginseng tablets, which claims to "improve physical endurance and vitality" and only contains garlic and rice powder. Walmart sells a ginkgo biloba extract, the real ingredients are radish, indoor plants and wheat flour, although the label claims that the product does not contain wheat and gluten. Of the six plant extract supplements tested by Target, three-Ginkgo biloba extract, St. John’s wort (St. John’s wort) and Valerian root-do not contain the ingredients on the label, but contain rice, beans and wild carrot powder. The same is true for GNC’s health care products, which use ingredients not indicated on the label as fillers, such as peanut and soybean powder, which is extremely dangerous for people with peanut allergy.
02
Natural = good?
There are still many people who think that health care products are mostly "natural" ingredients, so there will be no problem. However, even if it is extracted from natural animals and plants, the complexity of the animals and plants themselves (from the content of effective components to the pollutants that may be contained) and the industrial steps to be experienced in purification should be taken into account. Take some health care products made of plants, many different plants can be used to prepare health care products, but plants that look similar and are close in species may have very different effects. For example, many women take black cohosh extract to improve menopausal symptoms, but in the United States and Canada, consumers have suffered liver damage because the pills they take actually contain different substances with similar names.
"Natural" ingredients do not mean that they are good, and many natural substances are toxic. Toxic natural substances in food include cyanogenic glycosides in bamboo shoots, glycoalkaloids in potatoes, Furocoumarins in citrus plants (lemon, lime, grapefruit, bergamot), and many beans contain toxins called lectins. When the dose is reached, these natural toxins will cause many bad effects on people’s health, and some toxins will cause great damage as long as they are few. "Natural" ingredients are not worthy of superstition.
How to judge the quality of health products?
Because health care products don’t have to undergo rigorous clinical trials, there is actually no way to guarantee their effectiveness and safety, and there is no guarantee that they will not interact with any drugs you may take.
The only thing I can see is what is in this health care product. That is to say, does this health care product contain the ingredients it claims to have, the dosage is in line with the label, there is no pollution (such as lead and other heavy metals), and whether the ingredients can be released normally after taking the tablets.
Drugs can be tested for purity, so why don’t health products just do it?
Drugs are usually purified products, and the content of main components can even exceed 99.9%, with only a small amount of impurities. However, the ingredients of health care products may be very complex, sometimes containing dozens or even hundreds of different substances, many of which come from plants or other natural sources, which makes it difficult to detect the ingredients.
At present, the standard test method is to evaluate the components of health care products by chromatography. However, for complex products, the information obtained by chromatography is limited. Some new technologies, such as the combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and other analysis, can obtain more accurate results. However, before these technologies are widely used, further verification is needed, and the cost must be reduced to be routine.
Drugs for treating diseases are supervised by FDA. Who wants to test the health care products that have been deregulated by the FDA? How credible are the quality inspection data published by the manufacturers themselves? The best way is to be tested by an independent, disinterested third-party organization, so that the data obtained can be convincing.
Figure: Certification marks of three major health care products quality inspection organizations
01
USP certification
You may notice that many health care products in the United States have the words "USP verified" on their bottles (pictured above). This means that the product is certified by an independent, non-profit scientist organization called "USP Dietary Supplements Verification Program". USP sets a quality standard for food ingredients and health care products, and then welcomes manufacturers to cooperate with them voluntarily and let them test their production facilities, processes and product quality. If it meets the standard, the product can bear USP verification mark. The organization also updates the certified brands and where to buy these products on the website in real time [3].
But be careful, some companies will put "USP" on the bottle label instead of the unique black and yellow "USP Verified" seal. These companies claim to meet USP production standards, but in fact their products have not been reviewed by USP. In fact, only a few health care products have "USP Verified" seal, such as some Kirkland brand health care products in Costco.
In addition, strictly speaking, USP can not be regarded as a truly independent third-party testing, which requires the voluntary cooperation of manufacturers.
Figure: USP verification mark on health care products (from the network)
02
national sanitation foundation
Another non-profit organization that independently certifies certain health products is NSF International. This organization will certify health products such as fish oil and multivitamins. In addition, it also has a "NSF Certified for Sport" project, which is particularly useful for athletes and people who use sports supplements (such as protein powder, amino acids and creatine), because it has been found that these products are sometimes intentionally doped with stimulants.
The blue and white NSF logo means that the product has been reviewed by NSF and contains the ingredients listed on its label.
Figure: NSF markers of different species [4].
03
Other test reports
There are also some independent laboratories that regularly test a series of health care products, and then publish their test reports on their websites, such as ConsumerLab.com, labdoor.com, cptclabs.com and so on. On their website, you can find many test reports and rankings of health products, but you usually have to pay to see them.
Figure: Certification mark of Consumer Lab
04
Third-party test plan of CVS in pharmacy
In 2017, CVS, a famous American pharmacy, announced that it had started testing health care products on its shelves, and had completed testing 1,400 health care products from more than 150 suppliers. Early test results show that 7% of the products are not up to standard, and the reasons include pollution, the content of active ingredients is lower than that indicated on the label, and various counterfeiting behaviors. Common fraudulent behaviors are:
1) Substitute cheap compounds for more expensive components.
For example, manufacturers sometimes add a large number of other common flavonoids, such as quercetin or rutin, to a health care product called Ginkgo biloba. These flavonoids can be found in ginkgo biloba, but the concentration is usually very low.
2) Add some prescription drug ingredients to health care products.
For example, viagra is added to some health care products that claim to enhance sexual function.
Figure: CVS’s third-party advertisement for testing the quality of health care products.
Take health care products with caution.
The certification test mentioned above is a reassurance to consumers. However, these tests often only measure a specific batch number of products, and it is still uncertain whether the next batch of products produced by the same manufacturer still meet the standards.
I want to remind everyone that many health care products have complex ingredients. Sometimes it will interact with the therapeutic drugs prescribed by doctors. For example, some health care products may change the activity of some enzymes in the liver, thus affecting the metabolic absorption of prescription drugs. The changed metabolism may increase the concentration of drugs in the blood and cause adverse reactions; Or reduce the drug concentration in the blood, making it ineffective.
A study in 2015 estimated that in the United States, about 23,000 emergency visits each year were adverse events related to dietary supplements [5]. It is best not to eat health care products casually, and should be carefully considered.
[4] S. R. Akabas et al., Quality Certification Programs for Dietary Supplements. J Acad Nutr Diet 116, 1370-1379 (2016).
[5] A. I. Geller et al., Emergency Department Visits for Adverse Events Related to Dietary Supplements. New England Journal of Medicine 373, 1531-1540 (2015).
The pen name is "Cats at My Will" and now lives in Boston, USA. I graduated from the Department of Biological Sciences and Technology in Tsinghua University with a bachelor’s degree, and joined a multinational well-known pharmaceutical company to engage in drug research and development after obtaining a doctorate in the United States. For more than ten years, he led the team to fight diabetes and muscular dystrophy. In recent years, he focused on the research and development of anti-aging drugs. Personal WeChat WeChat official account "Feel Free" to talk to you about medical care.
Shi Juan
END
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Original title: "It’s hard to say the quality of imports: the" catty "of American health care products industry | 117 threesome"
Say goodbye to the old year and welcome in the Year of the Tiger. Lion dance, big head Buddha, lantern festival, writing Spring Festival couplets … colorful folk activities, fragrant intangible culture everywhere; Rice cakes, fried dumplings, oil angle, sugar rings … steaming hometown flavor, happy Bay Area people. Follow the host into villages, towns, flower markets and ancient villages to unlock the Spring Festival features of seven Greater Bay Area cities, namely Shenzhen, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing, and show you different tastes of the New Year.
Xinhuanet Beijing, February 14th (Wang Ying) In another day, we will usher in the long-awaited 30th anniversary. With the sound of firecrackers, the whole family is round and happy. As the most grand traditional festival of the Chinese nation, how do you spend your Spring Festival? Apart from eating jiaozi on holidays, how can we make the New Year taste and recall?
Clever hand-cut window grilles let the atmosphere of New Year flow naturally at home.
Before the festival, many families are busy preparing new year’s goods and buying new year’s gifts. In the new year’s goods, there are inevitably some festive objects that decorate the room, such as blessing characters, window grilles and auspicious pendants of the zodiac. In fact, in the past, there was no need to buy window grilles, and many families cut and pasted them themselves. On a square inch of red paper, a jubilant image was cut out.
"Window grilles" are commonly known as paper cutting. In the past, no matter the north or the south, stick grilles was used during the Spring Festival. Nowadays, people in the South usually only paste it when they get married, while the custom of stick grilles in the North during the Spring Festival is still prevalent in many places. Why do you want stick grilles for the Spring Festival? This is closely related to the solar terms in beginning of spring. Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote in his poem: "Carving gold to win the praises of Jing and customs, and cutting green to create a Jin style for people." The "Jing custom" and "Jin style" in the poem point out this origin. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the time to cut and paste window grilles to welcome the Spring Festival was changed from beginning of spring, and people used paper-cutting to express their happy mood.
Window grilles not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also bring people beautiful enjoyment, integrating decoration, appreciation and practicality. Today, when DIY is advocated, if you are free, you might as well buy some red paper, try to cut small window grilles yourself, and decorate your home with skillful hands.
Writing Spring Festival couplets to keep the whole family safe and happy.
Like window grilles, in many families’ new year’s goods lists, there is also a Spring Festival couplets, and some exquisite families will also buy door gods. It’s a little more difficult for door gods to make their own self-control, but Spring Festival couplets can still try to write by themselves, which not only exercises calligraphy, but also improves the literary level.
Like window grilles, Spring Festival couplets have a history of thousands of years. According to the records of the Jade Candle Collection and Yanjing’s Chronicle, the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "Taofu". In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on the mahogany board, one of which did not lose the meaning of killing evil spirits, the other expressed their good wishes, and the third decorated the portal for beauty. Later, people wrote couplets on red paper symbolizing happiness and auspiciousness, and posted them on both sides of doors and windows during the Spring Festival to express people’s good wishes for good luck in the coming year.
In addition to Spring Festival couplets, many places also retain the custom of sticking to the door. In the folk, the door god is a symbol of righteousness and force. The ancients believed that people with strange looks often had magical temperament and extraordinary skills. They are honest and kind-hearted, and it is their nature and responsibility to catch ghosts and capture demons. Zhong Kui, the ghost hunter admired by people, is such a strange look. Because the doors of residential houses are usually two opposite, the door gods are always in pairs. After the Tang Dynasty, in addition to shentu and Yu Lei, people regarded Qin Shubao and Weichi Gong, two military commanders in the Tang Dynasty, as gatekeepers. Since then, the custom of taking these two famous men as door gods has begun to spread widely among the people.
In the sound of firecrackers, we should say goodbye to the old year and welcome the new year.
Watching the New Year’s Eve is an important folk custom in China, also known as wasting time, staying up late, which means family reunion on New Year’s Eve and staying up late to welcome the Lunar New Year. In ancient times, there were two meanings of observing the old age: the old people’s observing the old age means "resigning the old age", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age to prolong the life of their parents. Since the Han dynasty, the time when the old and the new years alternate is generally at midnight. On New Year’s Eve, people of all ages, men and women, will be brightly lit and get together to watch the new year.
In the past, people used to have a New Year’s Eve dinner and spend a wonderful night together. Since the 1980 s, there has been a new content of observing the Spring Festival Gala: people all over the country watch it together. The Spring Festival Gala, which lasted more than four hours, was rich and varied, and people greeted the ringing of the New Year bell with laughter.
It is worth mentioning that Suzhou people have to wait for the loud bell coming from Fengqiao Hanshan Temple on New Year’s Eve. When the bell passes through the dark night and reaches thousands of families, it marks the arrival of the new year. No matter spring, summer, autumn and winter, the bell will ring in Hanshan Temple at midnight every day, which is called "Minute Night Minute" by the people.
On New Year’s Eve, we should give the younger generation lucky money and hope that the children will grow up healthily, safely and happily.
For children, the happiest thing during the Spring Festival is the lucky money from the elders. Year’s money, also known as "year’s money" and "year’s money", is one of the thrifty things in the old customs. The original intention of lucky money is to ward off evil spirits. People think that children are vulnerable to sneaky attacks. If you wrap money in red paper on New Year’s Eve, you won’t dare to harass them again. Therefore, people call this kind of money "precious money". Because "precious" and "old" have the same pronunciation, they are called "lucky money" for a long time. Use lucky money to overcome evil spirits, help children celebrate the New Year safely, and wish them good health and luck in the new year.
From the first day to the sixth day, I will pay New Year greetings, return to my parents’ homes, and "drive the five poor"
After New Year’s Eve, people ushered in a new year. In the past, from the first day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the first month, there were various holiday customs. With the changes of the times and the differences in different places, many customs have gradually faded away, and what remains is worth cherishing and inheriting.
On the first day of the first month, people usually set off firecrackers after getting up in the morning, which is called "opening the door to have a firecracker". After the sound of firecrackers, the ground is full of broken red, which is called "full house red" In many areas, children have to be dressed in new clothes on the morning of the first day. After everyone is dressed neatly, they will go out to visit relatives and friends, pay New Year greetings to each other and wish the New Year. When paying New Year’s greetings, the younger generation should first pay New Year’s greetings to the elders, wishing them a long and healthy life. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. In many places, brooms and garbage are not put out on the first day of the first month of the first month, and a large bucket is prepared to hold waste water, and it is not spilled on the same day.
On the second or third day of the first month, for many families, it is the day when a married girl returns to her parents’ home with her husband, commonly known as "Welcome Husband Day". On this day, we will also visit relatives and friends and worship each other for the Spring Festival, commonly known as "eating New Year’s wine". In Shanghai, guests bring gifts to their homes with their families. Gifts are generally local specialties, and the host invites guests to drink "Yuanbao tea" (that is, two green olives are added to the tea to brew together). This tea tastes a little bitter at first, but has a sweet aftertaste, which means that it is good to make money through hard work.
On the fourth day of the third grade, because of different local customs, there are also differences in passing the law. By the fifth day of the fifth year, people will "drive the five poor", commonly known as "breaking the five poor", including "poor in intelligence, poor in learning, poor in literature, poor in life and poor in communication". After people get up in the morning, they set off firecrackers and clean up. Firecrackers are set off from the inside out, and as they are set off, they go outside the door, which means to drive out all unlucky things. Legend has it that this day is the birthday of the god of wealth, so it is also an auspicious day to welcome the god of wealth. Shanghai has the custom of grabbing the road head in the old calendar year. On the fourth night of the first month of the first month, prepare sacrifices, cakes, incense sticks and other things, and ring gongs and drums to burn incense for worship, and sincerely respect the god of wealth. In order to compete for the market, it is called "grabbing the road head" before the fourth day, also known as "picking up the God of Wealth".
Jiaozi still wants to eat, but jiaozi in the 30 s is very different.
Nowadays, people are used to eating jiaozi in festivals and festivals. Although it’s nothing new to eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival, jiaozi at the age of 30 is very different. When wrapping jiaozi, in addition to various delicious fillings, people often wrap candied beans, peanuts, dates, chestnuts, coins, etc., which means good luck in the coming year. In some areas, when eating jiaozi, some non-staple food should be added to show good luck. If you eat tofu, it symbolizes the happiness of the whole family; Eating persimmon symbolizes all the best; Eating three fresh vegetables symbolizes the prosperity of three yang. In addition, many areas in the south do not eat jiaozi on New Year’s Eve, but choose to eat rice cakes or glutinous rice balls. Although the ingredients are different, the good expectations for the New Year are the same.
Why do you have to eat jiaozi during the Spring Festival, especially on the eve of the Lunar New Year? In fact, eating jiaozi means "making friends at a younger age", and "zi" means "zi Shi", which is homophonic with "jiao" and means "happy reunion" and "good luck". Generally, jiaozi in the 30′ s should be wrapped before 12 o’clock in the evening and eaten at midnight, because this is the beginning of the first day of the first lunar month. Happy new year!
Times are changing, people’s ideas are changing, and the way of celebrating the Spring Festival is also changing. Nowadays, many traditional Chinese New Year customs are gradually forgotten by people, and some new Chinese New Year style, such as family trips and flying adventures in the world of ice and snow, have become many people’s choices. It is said that the taste of the year has faded, and there is nothing more special except eating jiaozi. In fact, the taste of the year is not weak, but what is weak is our choice. The Chinese New Year is coming soon. Follow these rich Chinese New Year customs and start a different kind of Chinese New Year with full atmosphere and deep connotation!
On the evening of April 15th, local time, a fire broke out in Notre Dame de Paris, France. This 800-year-old medieval Gothic building immediately attracted the attention of the whole world. At present, the fire has been extinguished. Many French media reported that the short circuit of the wire on the top floor of Notre Dame de Paris may be the cause of the fire, and firefighters involved in the rescue said that the fire may be related to the renovation project of Notre Dame de Paris.
With the decrease in the number of new houses and the gradual improvement of infrastructure construction in China, experts predict that the future construction market pattern in China will gradually transition from the current focus on new buildings to the focus on the renovation and maintenance of existing buildings, and enter the post-construction era. In the impression of many people, the repair of buildings is often associated with ancient buildings. In fact, in the field of construction engineering, repair in a broad sense includes reinforcement, transformation, maintenance, decoration and so on; According to the repair specialty, it mainly includes: structural repair, leakage repair, external insulation repair, decoration repair and so on.
In addition to a wide range of fields, the number of buildings to be repaired is also considerable. The data shows that the existing building area in China is over 70 billion square meters. Due to the different construction technical standards and construction levels in different eras, in recent years, an average of about 2 billion square meters of buildings need to be repaired every year. However, compared with some developed countries, China has little investment in the renovation of existing buildings, and there are some problems, such as imperfect standard system, asymmetric market information, imperfect technical system and lack of long-term management mechanism. Judging from the proportion of market share in the whole construction industry, the construction renovation industry has not yet ushered in a real "spring".
Rising "sunrise industry"
In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the construction industry, one of the pillar industries of China’s economy, has developed rapidly. According to statistics, the building area in China has increased by 91.4% in the past 20 years, and the existing building area has reached more than 70 billion square meters. With the development of society, the problem of housing shortage has been basically solved. However, in recent years, there are about 2 billion square meters of buildings that need to be repaired every year due to different construction technical standards and construction levels in different eras, so many people in the industry call the building repair industry "sunrise industry".
In July 2018, the insulation layer of the external wall of a residential building in Shunyi District of Beijing fell off due to sudden strong wind, injuring three pedestrians; In October, 2017, a concrete block fell off the outer wall of a residential building in Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, causing one death … Faced with frequent safety accidents, the industry is increasingly hoping to improve the prevention mechanism of existing building repairs to prevent injuries from happening again.
"The development of the construction industry can be divided into three stages: the first stage is large-scale new construction, the second stage is both new construction and repair, and the third stage is mainly the repair of existing buildings." Tan Chunli, director of the Repair and Decoration Professional Committee of Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association, believes that compared with developed countries, China’s investment in the repair of existing buildings is relatively small, and it is still in the second stage. In the case of shrinking new building market, the building repair industry, which mainly focuses on old buildings, will become a "sunrise industry", and its market share will continue to expand and become a new economic growth point.
"The building repair industry is promising in the future." Yang Yongqi, a professor-level senior engineer of Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association, believes that upgrading the safety performance of building structures and improving the functionality of houses will make people live more comfortable and comfortable, and building repair is consistent with the current people’s pursuit of a better life.
In September 2018, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Notice on Further Improving the Preservation, Utilization and Renovation of Existing Buildings in Cities", which also highlighted that the practice of simply demolishing existing buildings in different periods in some cities separated the historical context of cities and cut off the homesickness memories of residents. All localities should fully understand the historical, cultural, technical and artistic value of existing buildings, adhere to the principle of full utilization and functional renewal, strengthen the preservation, utilization and renovation of existing buildings in cities, avoid one-sided emphasis on the value of land development, and prevent "demolition".
However, although the building repair industry has broad prospects, it also faces a lot of challenges for practitioners. He Xiling, president of Beijing Construction Engineering Quality Inspection and Housing Construction Safety Appraisal Industry Association, believes that there are great differences between new projects and the repair of existing buildings, which puts forward many new requirements for the industry. "Building repair requires experienced technicians, high-tech instruments and equipment, new construction technologies and new building materials."
It is urgent to establish and improve the institutional system.
"Because the country attaches great importance to ancient buildings and has a long development time, the standards for the repair of ancient buildings are relatively sound and the atlas is relatively standardized, and the local standards in areas with large stocks of ancient buildings are also easy to form a system. However, the repair atlas of houses mainly focuses on seismic reinforcement and structural reinforcement, and there are relatively few dedicated to waterproof and thermal insulation; In terms of standards, the relevant system has not yet been established, and some important standards have been around for a long time, such as the "National Unified Housing Repair Project Budget Quota (Civil Engineering, Ancient Buildings, HVAC, Electrical Appliances, Elevator)" promulgated in 1995. " Tan Chunli said.
In addition to the imperfect standards, there are still some problems in the market, technology and management of the building repair industry. At the market level, Tan Chunli believes that there are mainly problems such as information asymmetry. "At present, the repair market is in a decentralized and disorderly state, lacking an open and transparent platform, and the supply and demand sides can’t get effective contact in the repair market, and often there is a phenomenon of’ no one to seek medical treatment’ or’ going to the doctor in a hurry’. In addition, the industrial chain of the repair market is still not perfect, and the scale of repair enterprises is generally small, which cannot provide one-stop professional services from testing, maintenance to maintenance for building users. "
On the technical level, compared with new projects, repair projects involve many technical requirements and require a large number of professional construction technicians. "Professional construction technicians are the foundation for the development and growth of the repair industry. Only a large-scale professional construction team can support the complicated repair requirements of the repair industry." Tan Chunli believes that at present, experts in the repair industry have no smooth channels for suggestions and suggestions, and they can’t play a leading role in the development of the industry. At the same time, construction workers who lack technology can’t get effective training. In addition, the current repair technology is single, the technical level is uneven, and the technical system construction is relatively backward. Once there is a problem in the building, we can only treat the headache and the foot pain, but we can’t comprehensively and accurately evaluate the building to be repaired, and we can’t confirm the effect after the repair.
At the management level, there is a dead end in the supervision of building repair, and there are irregularities such as technical appraisal and acceptance, and the market is full of new materials and concepts, which makes it difficult for ordinary consumers to judge. In addition, a long-term management mechanism needs to be established. At present, there is a general lack of a unified management system for repair funds, reporting procedures, bidding, and especially the implementation of renovation.
With the continuous application of new technologies such as UAV reconnaissance, 3D printing and BIM in building repair, how to better develop the building repair industry in the direction of standardization, specialization and quality has attracted the attention and thinking of many people in the industry. To this end, 10 units including Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association, Tsinghua University, Beijing Jiaotong University and Beijing Jianzhu University recently initiated the establishment of "Beijing Urban Construction Science and Technology Promotion Association Repair Hospital", hoping to play a better role in information, technology and platform, and promote the development of building repair industry.
According to Tan Chunli, who was elected as the president of the Repair Hospital, the purpose of the establishment of the Repair Hospital is to gather more industry experts, integrate repair resources, help solve the problem of "difficult to see a doctor" in the repair market, and provide all-round guarantee services during the whole life cycle of the building, including daily physical examination of the building, consultation of the building to be repaired, provision of professional "treatment team", supervision and acceptance of "treatment effect"
