CCTV News:On the 22nd, the eighth round of Astana peace talks on Syria ended in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. In this round of peace talks, the date of the Syrian National Dialogue Conference, which has attracted much attention from the outside world, was finally finalized, and new ways were added to the political settlement of the Syrian issue.

Astana peace talks (data map)

　　　　　　 This round of peace talks lasted for two days, including representatives from the UN Special Envoy for Syria, De Mistura, Russia, Turkey, Iran, the Syrian government and the opposition. At the plenary session, Kazakh Foreign Minister Abdrakhmanov read out a joint statement issued by Russia, Turkey and Iran, the guarantor countries of the Syrian ceasefire mechanism, saying that the parties to the Syrian conflict will hold a Syrian national dialogue meeting in the southern Russian city of Sochi from January 29 to 30, 2018.

United Nations Special Envoy for Syria De Mistura(data map)

　　　　　　 In addition, representatives of the United Nations, the International Red Cross and the World Health Organization will attend the meeting as observers. In order to coordinate the final list of participants, the three ceasefire guarantor countries will hold a preparatory meeting for the National Dialogue Conference from January 19 to 20.

　　　　　　 Undeniably, it is an important step to hold the Syrian National Dialogue Conference, which has also given the international community new hope. However, it is still difficult to answer these questions, such as whether the Conference can achieve the expected results, where the conflict that lasted for more than six years will go, and how far it is from achieving the ultimate goal of peace.

Damascus, Syria, was in ruins under the war.(data map)

　　　　　　 [Background] Astana Peace Talks

　　　　　　 Since January 23 this year, as one of the main ways to solve the Syrian crisis politically, Astana peace talks have been held for seven rounds, and many important consensuses have been reached on the settlement of internal conflicts in Syria, including urging all parties in Syria to cease fire and establishing a "conflict relegation zone". The seventh round of Astana peace talks on Syria at the end of October affirmed the previous decision to establish a conflict relegation zone in Syria, and discussed the formation of a Syrian national dialogue conference.

　　　　　　 Different from the Geneva peace talks led by the United Nations, the Astana peace talks were convened by Russia, Turkey and Iran, with the goal of achieving a permanent ceasefire between the Syrian government and anti-government forces and creating conditions for political negotiations. Although they are all concerned about the Syrian issue, the Astana peace talks and the Geneva peace talks have their own emphases. The focus of the Astana peace talks is to urge and maintain the Syrian parties to achieve a ceasefire, while the Geneva peace talks focus on Syrian political negotiations.

　　　　　　 The analysis pointed out that several rounds of Astana peace talks and their achievements have obviously enhanced the influence of Russia, Turkey and Iraq in the Syrian crisis, and also laid the foundation for the Syrian peace talks held in Geneva.

　　[Information] November 29, 2011,Officially released in Beijing, this car is limited to 150 units worldwide. At the just-concluded Guangzhou Auto Show, aston martin announced its price from 10 million yuan.If you are interested in this car, you can go to the UK with the official of aston martin for fitting and relevant customization.

●　　New car features:

　　In terms of appearance, the car was built to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the birth of the DB4GT Zagato, which shows the limited edition in all aspects of body design. The red body color is the main color of this car, and the hand-made aluminum and carbon fiber are the main components of the car body.

　　In terms of styling design, the design language borrowed from the V12 Zagato limited edition is sharper and more aggressive, and the big mouth design on the front face is more fierce. The two sunken air inlets on the front cover highlight strong power. In addition, at the top of this car, we can see the arched roof shape, which is exactly the same as RZC’s "double bubble" design.

　　As for the interior, the V12 Zagato limited edition has completely reformed the interior layout. The racing dashboard, the steering wheel and the metal pedal greatly stimulate the driver’s motor nerves, and the seats are carried out to make the V12 Zagato limited edition have better power performance. In addition, the car is also equipped to improve the safety protection factor for drivers.

　　In terms of power, the car is equipped with the same 6.0-liter V12 engine as the V12 Vantage, with a maximum horsepower of 517 HP and a peak value of 517 N m. The official acceleration score is 4.2 seconds and the top speed is 305 km/h.

●　　New car background:

　　Aston martin V12 Zagato is a limited edition model built to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the birth of DB4GT Zagato. This car has made its Asian debut at the recently concluded Guangzhou International Auto Show. This car is designed based on the current V12 Vantage model owned by aston martin. Based on the growing market segment of China, this car was officially launched in China today.

●　　Competitors:

　　Aston martin is famous not only for its high horsepower, but also for its brand history of only one hundred years. From this, R-S, S and Carrera S can all be competitors of V12 Zagato.

　　　 Editor’s note:During the opening of Guangzhou Auto Show, we had a conversation with Dr. Matthew Bennett, Director of aston martin Asia-Pacific Region. When talking about the V12 Zagato, Dr. Matthew Bennett said that the appearance design and limited edition identity of the car are two major selling points, and the car advocates the theme of "Unique" and tries to create a personalized body configuration for consumers. (Text/car home Cao Lei)

● Read more articles:

　　Aston martin V12 Zagato pre-sold 10 million units.
　　　http://www.autohome.com.cn/news/201111/266708.html

　　[car home Technology] Today’s technology may still be far from us, but it is precisely because of its announcement of mass production that I personally think it has epoch-making significance in some technical details. So what is the core of today’s talk? To sum up in one sentence: Who gave "Feng Tu" (founder of Koenigsegg: Christian von Koenigsegg) the courage to sell a three-cylinder hybrid car for more than one million euros?

○ 30s Understand technical points.

　　1. This is a four-wheel drive hybrid car that can be "directly driven".

　　2. It is "1000 horsepower" and "100 horsepower" for 1.9s, and it has four seats.

　　3. It is inextricably linked with Evergrande and Qoros.

　　4. It has no gearbox and the engine has no camshaft.

　　5. It has only three cylinders, but it has two turbines.

　　6. It sells for 1.38 million euros.

○ Let’s take a look at how it is realized.

　　The acceleration level of 0-100km/h is less than 2s. What impressed me last time was Tesla Roadster, a pure electric sports car that has not yet been put into production, and that car also claims to have a torque of 10,000 Nm. It can be said that it has earned enough attention and is full of gimmicks. Regarding the concept of torque on wheels, don’t think it’s great to "break thousands" on wheels, but anyone who knows the concepts of "transmission ratio" and "deceleration and torque increase" should know what I’m talking about. )

　　Let’s not worry about whether the actual test results can be achieved so fast, even if we take "entering 2s" as the target result, it will be difficult to land. This is not a simple matter of "brushing a computer from 7s to 5s". The difficulty of shortening the time from 3s to 2s at 0-100km/h is not something that can be solved by "increasing horsepower without brains" at all. It involves many factors such as tire grip, starting torque control, aerodynamics, body and suspension strength, and it takes great energy and huge sums of money to complete every acceleration shortened by 0.1s.

　　However, it is not easy to achieve this acceleration in a four-seater car. For this reason, Koenigsegg has already prepared: using the hybrid system on Koenigsegg Regera, let the motor and gasoline engine push this big guy together. Adding a motor seems to be a good solution, but as long as you know a little about the founder, you know that this "Viking madman" will definitely not use these "traditional" solutions on Toyota Prius or McLaren P1, but adopt a magical solution called KDD(Koenigsegg Direct Drive) system (want to know more about Koenigsegg Regera and KDD technology? Click me for more details)

　　This idea is really crazy, relying on a fixed transmission ratio to achieve horrible acceleration. This idea is quite popular in the linear acceleration race of Top Fuel in North America (although it is not a single fixed gear ratio, there are only two or three gears to ensure acceleration). But if you think Koenigsegg (|) is just "changing the shell" Regera, then I can only say that you are too Naive.

　　In this way, Koenigsegg Gemera can realize four-wheel drive, the front axle is driven by KDD system, and the rear axle is driven by two P4 motors. Under different working conditions, theoretically, it can realize three driving modes: front drive, rear drive (pure electric state only) and four-wheel drive. From a certain point of view, this is an evolution based on Regera, but I still don’t understand why the middle and rear engine scheme is used …… "Cloud guess" may be due to ensuring that the front axle and half axle are equal in length and geometry, so that torque steering will not occur when starting, and balancing the counterweight.

○ Koenigsegg, you big eyebrows and big eyes actually use a three-cylinder machine!

　　Don’t worry about it! At the beginning, I once planned to talk about Koenigsegg’s rather confusing practice, but I was lost in thought until I found that "FreeValve" was written on this engine.

　　This may be the first camshaft-free engine in the world! I’m asking you if you’re satisfied with this alone? "Viking madman" lives up to its reputation. But don’t rush to brag about this technology, because I will tell you a fact that you will feel particularly proud: this technology has a very close relationship with a China brand-Qoros.

　　In fact, for camshaft-less technology, I believe many big car companies have technical reserves, but it depends on the story of Koenigsegg and Qoros. To put it simply, Koenigsegg and Saab jointly invested in a company called Cargine Engineering in 2000, and started to optimize the valve timing adjustment technology. In 2003, the first Saab 9-5 equipped with camshaft-free technology began road test; In 2009, Koenigsegg acquired Cargine Engineering and renamed it FreeValve. On the Qoros side, it is because when Chery independently developed the engine, it cooperated deeply with a famous engine development company, AVL Liszt, and AVL Liszt is the most important partner of FreeValve. As a result, Qoros and Koenigsegg "worked together" and installed the camshaft-free engine on Qoros 3 for testing. (For details, click the following link: the story of Qoros and Koenigsegg/the first trial of Qoros camshaft-less engine)

　　With this "dream" scheme, it is easy for the engine to get high power, high thermal efficiency and low fuel consumption in theory, which can definitely be regarded as one of the most revolutionary technology decentralization in recent years, so that the internal combustion engine can "fight for another half century"!

　　Of course, this system also has some problems: reliability and working logic. The former believes that a good result has been obtained after years of testing, otherwise Koenigsegg will not rush to load the car, while the latter will make the engine calibration engineer have a headache, and the realization of ideal parameters needs to take into account many problems. The traditional camshaft structure has a very mature scheme. Without the camshaft, the valve control and adjustment work will become very complicated, but any mistake will have incalculable consequences.

　　In addition, there is a relatively unpopular concern: a three-cylinder engine with dual turbochargers. This may sound like nothing, but it seems that there are few such schemes for odd cylinders with twin turbines. The simple reason is how to balance the intake and exhaust stability of odd cylinders with two turbines. Even cylinders can be evenly distributed. What should be done with odd cylinders?

　　To sum up, this engine has many points of view in valve structure and supercharging design, and even can be regarded as two new outlets for small displacement engines in the future. Together with the cooperation scheme of KDD system and motor, everything looks very powerful except the powertrain engineer. Of course, the price of more than one million euros is also scary. You have everything in your dreams. Go to bed early.

Editor’s summary:

　　This is not just a three-cylinder hybrid car. In my opinion, its technical route seems to have opened up a new idea for many car companies: hybrid oil and electricity can save the transmission mechanism, even if the speed regulating motor can be integrated into one to complete the work; In the part of internal combustion engine, the camshaft-free design and the three-cylinder twin-turbine scheme also have a lot to talk about. These not only realize new ideas for high-performance cars in the future, but also have great significance for internal combustion engines and hybrid technologies. Again, it’s not that I don’t agree with pure electric vehicles, but the potential for internal combustion engines and hybrids to be developed is too great. (Text/Figure car home Shu Ning)

[Updated on April 1st] Xu Jieyun, special assistant to the chairman of Xiaomi Group and deputy general manager of the marketing department of China District, responded to the news that Xiaomi Automobile had 20,000 lock orders. He sent a message to Weibo saying: "I saw that some media quoted the so-called’ insider’ as saying that Xiaomi SU7 had the lock orders. I can only say that this number is wrong. " However, he did not give specific figures.

On March 31st, recently, the large number of Xiaomi cars has become a very popular event on the Internet, and many netizens have begun to pay attention to the geometry of the number of lock orders (Note from IT House: you can’t unsubscribe under the lock order status). .

At the same time, a number of institutions have released research reports saying that the delivery volume of Xiaomi cars is expected to be 60,000-80,000 this year. Earlier this month, Bloomberg Intelligence (BI) analysts Steven Tseng and Woo Jin Ho were relatively "conservative".

"China Business News" reported that if consumers book Xiaomi SU7 now, it is estimated that the shortest delivery time will be 16 weeks (4 months) and the longest delivery time will be 29 weeks (7.25 months). .

Now, Xiaomi Auto App shows that some orders of Xiaomi SU7 have been arranged for about half a year. It can be seen that with the passage of time, the delivery cycle of Xiaomi SU7 is still getting longer.

Xiaomi SU7 Standard Edition and Max Edition are expected to start delivery from the end of April, and Pro Edition is expected to start delivery from the end of May. The original version is the existing car, which was officially delivered one after another from April 3.

On the evening of March 29th, Xiaomi Automobile officially announced that. According to the plan, Xiaomi Automobile Factory will be built in two phases, of which the first phase covers an area of about 720,000 square meters and has an annual production capacity of 150,000 vehicles, which was completed in June 2023. The second phase is scheduled to start in 2024 and be completed in 2025.

　　Zhongxin Jingwei Client April 20 (Zhang Yunan) Every year, related topics such as whether pensions are rising and how to adjust them have been highly concerned by the people. According to the incomplete statistics of Sino-Singapore Jingwei client, since January 1 this year, 11 provinces have implemented new basic pension standards for urban and rural residents. Among them, many provinces have clearly stated that they will be inclined to the elderly aged 65 and over and those who have exceeded the minimum payment period.

　　11 provinces took the lead in opening the upward adjustment window.

　　In March this year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued a document clarifying that from January 1, 2019, the basic pension level will be raised for retirees of enterprises, institutions and institutions who have gone through retirement procedures according to regulations and received basic pensions on a monthly basis before the end of 2018. The overall adjustment level is about 5% of the monthly basic pension for retirees in 2018. So far, China’s urban employee retirees’ pension has achieved 15 consecutive increases.

　　At the same time, the basic pension for urban and rural residents has also shown an upward trend in recent years. The Zhongxin Jingwei client noticed that since 2019, 11 provinces including Shanxi, Guangdong, Hebei, Henan, Ningxia, Heilongjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Jiangxi have successively issued specific implementation opinions on the normal adjustment mechanism of basic pensions for urban and rural residents.

　　According to the work report of Guangdong provincial government in 2019, the minimum standard of basic pension for urban and rural residents in Guangdong province will be raised from 148 yuan per person per month to 170 yuan this year. Henan Province announced that it has decided to raise the minimum standard of provincial basic pension from 98 yuan per person per month to 103 yuan per person per month from January 1, 2019. Jiangsu Province issued a document saying that the minimum standard of basic pension will be raised from 135 yuan per person per month to 148 yuan … …

　　At the same time, many provinces have adjusted the grade standards of individual contributions. For example, Qinghai Province has added four higher-grade standards. Shanxi Province adjusted the minimum payment grade and the maximum payment grade to 200 yuan and 5,000 yuan per person per year respectively. In Yunnan Province, the payment grade standard of 3,000 yuan is added, and the insured can pay according to 13 payment grade standards, ranging from the lowest 100 yuan to the highest 3,000 yuan.

　　Tilt for people aged 65 and over.

　　It is worth noting that, at present, all provinces have shown a preference for the elderly and those who have exceeded the minimum payment period in determining the specific plan for the adjustment of pension benefits.

　　For example, Shanxi Province proposed to issue additional basic pensions to urban and rural elderly residents aged 65 and above, with the minimum standard of 5 yuan per person per month. The adjustment plan issued by Guangxi shows that the basic old-age pension will be added to the urban and rural elderly residents aged 65 and above.

　　Some provinces have a more detailed division of the age group of the insured. Hebei Province proposes to tilt towards the elderly residents aged 65 and above. After the recipients reach the age of 65, the basic pension will increase the 1 yuan per person per month on the basis of the base; After reaching the age of 75, increase 2 yuan; After reaching the age of 85, 3 yuan will be increased, and the required funds will be shared by the provinces, cities and counties. Ningxia proposed that the basic pension for urban and rural elderly residents should be increased by 2 yuan per person per month if they are over 65 years old and under 70 years old; At least 70 years of age but under 75 years of age, 4 yuan will be increased per person per month.

　　In terms of payment years reward, Qinghai Province has made it clear that if the payment period exceeds 15 years, the basic pension 10 yuan will be added every month for each additional year of payment period. Hebei Province and Shanxi Province pointed out that the cumulative payment period exceeds 15 years, and the 1 yuan will be increased every month for each additional year. Jiangxi Province has proposed that the payment period will exceed 15 years, and for each additional year, the basic pension will be increased by 2% every month.

　　The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance have issued a document clearly stating that local governments should raise the basic pension standard according to local conditions and give appropriate tilt to urban and rural elderly residents aged 65 and above; For long-term payment, more than the minimum payment period, the basic pension should be appropriately added.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that this is due to the fact that the old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents has not been established for a long time, some older elderly residents have not paid fees or the payment period is not long, and there is no personal account pension or the amount is low, but they have made important contributions to the country’s economic and social development in the past. The person in charge further stated that the local government should appropriately increase the basic pension for long-term payment and exceed the minimum payment period, which is to encourage individuals to pay for a long time from the "export end" of treatment.

　　Industry: Pension can consider investing in corporate bonds.

　　Lu Aihong, spokesperson of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, once pointed out that in 2018, both the entrusted investment of the pension insurance fund and the funds received have increased significantly, especially the investment in the basic pension insurance fund for urban and rural residents has achieved practical results. The data shows that by the end of 2018, there were 523.92 million people participating in the endowment insurance for urban and rural residents nationwide, of which 158.98 million actually received benefits, and more than 49 million poor people directly benefited.

　　Yang Yansui, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University, believes that entrusted investment in the basic old-age insurance fund for urban and rural residents to maintain and increase the value of the pension fund can encourage residents to pay more and pay more, increase the accumulation of personal pension and improve the payment level of residents’ old-age insurance.

　　Among the many channels of pension investment, it has to be mentioned that the pension entering the market as one of the measures to preserve and increase the value has attracted much attention in recent years.

　　The entry of pension into the market refers to the securities investment of individual account funds in the basic old-age insurance fund. Yang Lixiong, deputy director of China Social Security Research Center of Renmin University of China, believes that the risk of pension investment in the capital market is not small. He suggested that pensions can consider investing in corporate bonds. "Although the risk of investing in corporate bonds is also high, because many corporate bonds in China are state-owned bonds, the risk is much smaller, and the future income of the invested projects can be expected." Yang Lixiong said.

　　Tang Jisong, director of the Fund Supervision Bureau of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that in order to cope with the risks of fund investment and operation, we should promote the continuous expansion of the investment and operation scale of pension funds, guide local governments to establish the concept of long-term investment, and encourage local governments to continue and expand the entrusted investment scale of basic pensions. (Zhongxin Jingwei APP)

The original author Song Liang enterprise view sharp angle

Author: Song Liang

Editor in charge: Siyang

The 996 model has helped the multinational capital based in China to defeat the European and American local enterprises who go to work four and a half days a week;

996, so that young people in China have no time to fall in love, get married and have children, even if they live in a free palace;

996 is the short board of the world, which leads to the working class’s bottomless involution in the global environment. The American stress reaction elected Trump, and the world is falling into the economic order chaos caused by 996.

996, a serious violation of the Labor Law, should be resolutely banned …

Compared with 996, nine to five is people’s happiness!

01 the arduous starting point of the brilliant road

The important node of China’s great rejuvenation is at the time when China joined the WTO.

-On November 15th, 1999, China and the United States reached an agreement on China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and China struggled to pass the biggest barrier of its entry into the WTO. On November 10th, 2001, the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) made a decision to admit China to the WTO.

Since then, China’s economy has really taken off, productivity has been released, world resources have been fully mobilized by the dollars earned by China, and new production relations have sprouted in China.

Since that year, Alibaba and JD.COM have gradually risen.

Then Baidu, as well as various new enterprises in the Internet era, gradually entered people’s field of vision.

These enterprises can be said to have been bought by China workers and peasants with dollars earned by exporting primary agricultural products at low prices. And what do these internet companies use to reward workers and farmers who work overtime and get low wages?

-of course, it is the same overtime.

From workers and peasants to white-collar workers, everyone works overtime, forming a more cruel 996 working mode than ever before, a brand-new production relationship.

It is also said that this new production relationship is 996. (Of course, this is an unofficial interpretation. )

It’s not long before the 40-hour working day came around.

Nowadays, many people who support the planned economic relations of production miss everything before the reform and opening up.

There was no 996 at that time. At that time, the working system was nine to five.

Go to work at nine o’clock in the morning and get off work at five o’clock in the evening. In order to make preparations before starting work, workers arrive at their posts half an hour in advance, forming a work system from 8: 30 am to 5: 00 pm.

We can also see this timetable on the gates of some post offices and banks. This timetable is an "intangible cultural heritage" in the era of planned economy.

996 is not the production relationship of planned economy, nor is it the harmonious state that people expect.

-Socialist relations of production are five-day working days, eight hours a day. This is the need for China to conform to the international prevailing mode, and it is also clearly stipulated by the laws and decrees of China.

Before 1994, the legal working hours of workers in China were 8 hours a day, 6 days a week and only one day off. According to the Labor Law passed in 1994, the state implements a working-hour system in which workers work no more than eight hours a day and no more than 44 hours a week on average.

On March 25, 1995, Li Peng, then Prime Minister of the State Council, signed Order No.174 of the State Council, promulgating the Decision of the State Council on Amending the Provisions of the State Council on Working Hours of Employees. Article 3 reads: The state implements a working hour system in which employees work 8 hours a day and 40 hours a week on average. Implemented as of May 1, 1995.

This working system of 8 hours multiplied by 5 days was actually brewed for joining the WTO.

In 1986, China began to apply for "GATT"; In early 1988, the Feasibility Study of day five was completed; At the end of 1990, it was formally proposed to the state. This led to the initial trial of worship in March 1994.

On January 1, 1995, the WTO was formally established. In the same year, China became an observer country, and in the same year, China officially implemented a double holiday.

It is a necessary prerequisite for China to join the WTO to implement the working system of 8 hours multiplied by 5 days. It is precisely because of the implementation of this working system in China that other countries accept that China is a market subject that participates in international competition with the same working hours per week, and that it is a country that can compete fairly at the level of productivity, and that China has the possibility to sit at the negotiating table of joining the WTO.

Taiwan businessman Guo Taiming is famous for 996.

Contrary to expectations, what no one expected was that after joining the WTO, China’s state-owned enterprises with weekend and 40-hour working system did not bring trouble to developed countries. However, the large-scale rise of various enterprises controlled by foreign capital and private capital has become a nightmare in Europe and America.

Why is it not a nightmare for Japan and South Korea? Because Japan and Korea are also 996 …

In fact, China’s 996 work arrangement was probably brought by Taiwanese capital. This move by Taiwan capital may also be learned from Japan and South Korea.

Remember the case of Foxconn jumping off a building in succession that shocked the whole country in 2010? Some young people working in Foxconn, a Taiwanese company, ended their young lives by jumping off buildings in despair because of pressure or loss of hope in life.

Since then, Guo Taiming, the boss of Taiwan-funded enterprises, has become the representative of 996, and this working mode (production relations) has also been deeply branded with the oppression of workers by capital.

At that time, Apple had not yet developed the IPHONE, and Guo Taiming, who later made a name for himself by manufacturing mobile phones for Apple, first became famous throughout the country as "996".

Trump phenomenon in 04 or stress reaction in 996

There should be no dispute that the United States and China once had an economic honeymoon.

At that time, Taiwanese businessman Guo Taiming had not conquered American Apple with the 996 "Youth Sacrifice" of China workers.

The success of typical American enterprises such as Apple and Wal-Mart is largely based on the 996 Youth Festival of China youth. The transnational oppression of these big capitalists and multinational enterprises has won their own success, but also deeply hurt the youth in China and the workers in the United States.

The harm to young people in China not only makes some young people jump off a building in despair, but also makes all the young people who won the 996 "blessing" have no spare time to fall in love, get married and have children. We’ll talk about this later. Now that we’re talking about Apple, let’s talk about America first.

The last president of the United States was Trump supported by American unemployed workers. The election of Trump as president is a counterattack by American workers against the American and Japanese capitalists who promoted "996" in China. Guo Taiming and Ma Yun took investments from the United States and Japan, representing the interests of American and Japanese capitalists.

-or unemployed or forced to 996, under the prisoner’s dilemma manipulated by transnational capital groups, American workers and China workers share common interests and common enemies.

Apple, Foxconn, Wal-Mart, Amazon, Taiwanese companies and Japanese companies that supply them, Hong Kong capitalists with British passports and bosses with various passports who come back from the United States to open factories-these people control the labor wages and job opportunities of workers in China and the United States. Live for the slave, and lose the job for the disobedient.

It is these people who openly carry out the "996" working mode in China, using various means to induce workers to work overtime, to extract the surplus value of workers, to suppress price competition in the international arena, to obtain excess profits, to squeeze European and American enterprises, and objectively to cause a series of evil consequences such as the deterioration of Sino-US relations.

However, China is not a capitalist China, and China is an extremely correct country led by the vanguard of the working class, allowing 996 to flood. This kind of realistic space and legal space does not exist.

We must have confidence in this.

The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time.

Once upon a time, young people in China sang "The Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time" to fight against Japanese imperialist aggression. Today, this threat of aggression has almost completely disappeared. This is because Japan’s extremely low birth rate has greatly reduced the number of young people in Japan, and there will be a steady stream of "self-confidence" for young people to join, and they are gone.

However, China, the most dangerous time for the Chinese nation, has quietly arrived.

In the era of the popularization of 996 working mode, young people in China ran to work in the company as soon as they opened their eyes in the morning. After dark, they still enjoyed what Ma Yun said was the blessing of 996, and they had no time to develop their personal interests and talk about a vigorous love affair.

In order to complete the task of marriage, the orientation of marriage has degenerated from the inevitable result of free love to a business that can efficiently complete the task of life. This is the modern social foundation of the sky-high bride price.

In 2020, the newly born population in China will be 10.03 million, which is two-thirds of that of the previous year, half of that of a decade ago and one-third of that of the peak population decades ago. The Chinese nation is in a great crisis.

None of the young people who work overtime really volunteered. Of course, they dare not denounce 996 under the eyes of HR, and can only talk about topics unrelated to the company such as high housing prices.

A fact reveals the aspiration of young workers in China: the change of Ma Yun’s reputation from prosperity to decline happened just after he said "996 is a blessing".

Perhaps this is real public opinion, real big data. He was then abandoned like the grain transport officer of Prime Minister Cao in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Well, that’s interesting.

06 resolutely ban 996 according to law, we can’t wait.

According to the foregoing, China’s Labor Law and the State Council Order clearly stipulate that China implements a modern civilized working system of 40 hours, five days a week.

At one time, local labor bureaus had a subordinate department called the Labor Inspection Brigade. Once an enterprise violates the employment system, goes beyond working hours and fails to get insurance, it will be investigated and punished by the labor inspection brigade, fined, and compensated according to law. At present, the establishment of the labor inspection brigade is still there, but it is not so determined to carry out its tasks-Alibaba, Foxconn, JD.COM and Pinduoduo are there, and those Internet "big factories" whose employees "voluntarily" work overtime are there. I haven’t heard of any of them being investigated for this.

When did all this start?

In fact, we know exactly when to start:

-After 2008, when the Labor Law clearly stipulated the employee welfare system enjoyed by all employees according to law, as a counter to this welfare system, many private enterprises across the country imitated Foxconn and Alibaba … and started the wave of 996 working mode. Before that, only a few big capitalists with Japanese and American capital backgrounds, such as Guo Taiming and Ma Yun, promoted 996 in this enterprise.

Now, vaguely, 996 has become the consideration for many private enterprises to pay social security for their employees. The state has made great concessions in the past decade in order to promote social security for all employees of enterprises. This concession has completed the historical task: social security for enterprise employees has been basically popularized.

It’s time to strengthen the function of labor inspection! Take the initiative to attack and severely punish overtime work, and we must do our best to eliminate the evil 996.

Green mountains and green waters are Jinshan Yinshan,

Nine to five is people’s happiness.

Isn’t it? !

Original title: "Banning 996 according to law! For Law and Justice | Ruisi

Read the original text

Exposure to manual welfare

Wang Kai once made headlines with a pair of beautiful hands, and while waiting for the new The Duke Of Mount Deer to start shooting, the net exposed Zray, Andy, Li Qin, Tang Yixin, Rachel Momo, Una, Xu Dongdong, and Bai Xue to hand-control welfare photos. In the lens, Zhang Yishan had a clear joint and a white and slender hand, and the seven beautiful hands were exquisite and beautiful, which became a sharp weapon to circle powder.

Netizens praised this as the hand playing the piano.

It is reported that the new version of The Duke Of Mount Deer is already in preparation, and the main lineup will be announced one after another. At present, Zray will play the leading actor Wei Xiaobao, while Andy will play Ake, Li Qin will play Fang Yi, Tang Yixin will play Mu Jianbing, Rachel Momo will play Zeng Rou, Wu You will play Princess Jianning, Xu Dongdong will play Su Quan and Bai Xue will play Shuanger. Once this lineup is announced, it will be recognized and expected by most netizens.

In the exposed hand-controlled welfare photo, Andy, who plays Ake, covers his face with his hands, blending with his delicate expression and slap face, and his clean, white and lovely little hands are also very beautiful; Li Qin, who plays Fang Yi, is not particularly slender, but her hands are beautiful with ten tips. Such hands are born to create beautiful things. Tang Yixin’s hand, who plays Mujianbing, has long knuckles and beautiful shape, which is simply "his hands are soft and his skin is coagulated". Netizens praised him as a piano player.

I was powdered by Qimei’s bracelet.

Rachel Momo, who plays Ceng Rou, has a very beautiful hand, and her fingers are even and slender, white and tender. It is a fairy’s hand. Many netizens have left messages: Rachel Momo people are good actors who are worth looking forward to; Princess Channing’s actor Una’s hand refers to the root of an onion, which is exquisite and cute. It is also a hand that can be used as a hand model, with a standardized hand shape that is neither long nor short, even and meticulous.

Raquel, who plays Su Quan, has long, white fingers. Her delicate hands are charming and steal the mirror. A pair of beautiful hands is equivalent to a beautiful and brilliant face, so people often say that hands are a woman’s second face. Not to mention the snow hand who plays Shuang’er. It’s white and tender, and it’s really beautiful. Some netizens left a message: It’s not only beautiful with fingers, but also beautiful with fingernails! It’s really powdered by these hands. Which star’s hand do you like best?

CCTV News:At present, 400,000 mu of vegetables in Gushi County, Henan Province have also reached the harvest season. Relying on the development of vegetable industry, the local area has driven farmers to increase their income and increase market supply.

In a vegetable planting base in Gushi County, Henan Province, 40 greenhouses cover a total area of more than 60 mu and supply vegetables such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and beans all the year round. According to technicians, this kind of fruit cucumber is very popular at present, with high yield and good economic benefits.

In recent years, the local government has built a high-quality and efficient vegetable industry according to local conditions, and constantly promoted the large-scale, intensive and standardized development of the vegetable industry. At present, the vegetable planting area in the county is 400,000 mu, and the vegetable industry has become a characteristic industry for local farmers to increase their income.

April 23, 2014, vaccine storage and transportation place-cold chain construction system-Beijing Sankangdele North District Operation Center. Vision china diagram

On April 13th, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China presided over the the State Council executive meeting, listened to the report on the investigation and handling of a series of cases of illegal operation of vaccines in Jinan, Shandong Province, decided to hold a group of responsible persons accountable first, and discussed and passed in principle the Decision of the State Council on Amending the Regulations on the Administration of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination (Draft) (hereinafter referred to as the revised draft).

The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) noted that,The revised draft has greatly adjusted the circulation mode of the second type of vaccine, canceled the link of drug wholesale enterprises to operate vaccines, and handed over the second type of vaccine to the provincial disease control department for centralized procurement.

On the evening of April 13th, Mingde Yu, former director of the Finance and Circulation Department of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and now president of China Pharmaceutical Enterprise Management Association and China Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs Association, told The Paper that canceling the vaccine wholesale business would shorten the circulation chain and reduce the number of monitored objects, which would help to enhance the monitoring effect.

Song Hualin, a professor at Nankai University Law School who has long been concerned about vaccine supervision, said,On the one hand, the revised draft indicates that in the future, the sales price of the second-class vaccine will be more transparent from the factory to the final inoculation, and the space for the disease control department to increase the price and profit will become smaller; On the other hand, in the past, the disease control department had to make money by selling the second-class vaccines. This revised draft included the funds of the disease control department in full in the budget, which increased the public welfare attribute of the disease control department and curbed its profit-seeking motivation.

Reduce circulation links and reduce the difficulty of management and control.

On April 13th, the Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council released a message explaining the revision of the Regulations.

The news pointed out that in view of the long circulation chain and large profit-making space of the second-class vaccine exposed in the case, the draft deleted the provisions of the Regulations that pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises can operate vaccines after approval, and compared the voluntarily vaccinated second-class vaccines with the first-class vaccines used in the national immunization program, all of them were included in the provincial public resource trading platform for centralized procurement, and pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises were no longer allowed to operate vaccines.

In addition, in view of hidden illegal business practices such as "hanging tickets", the draft stipulates that disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units should establish true and complete records of purchase, storage, distribution, supply and receipt in accordance with regulations, so that tickets, accounts, goods and payments are consistent.

"Ticketing" is a slang word in the vaccine industry, which means that an individual who can find a vaccine is affiliated with a pharmaceutical production or wholesale enterprise and sells vaccines (drugs) to medical institutions by himself. When necessary, the affiliated pharmaceutical production or wholesale enterprises shall provide business licenses, pharmaceutical business licenses, etc., implement public-to-public transfer transactions, and finally divide them into shares.

On the evening of the 13th, Mingde Yu, president of China Pharmaceutical Enterprise Management Association and China Pharmaceutical Entrepreneurs Association, told The Paper: "Pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises are no longer allowed to operate vaccines, the circulation chain of the second-class vaccines is obviously shortened, and the number of monitored objects is reduced, all of which are conducive to enhancing the monitoring effect." Mingde Yu said that the number of pharmaceutical wholesale companies operating vaccines is also very large, and it is very difficult to control them. The revised draft specifies that the second-class vaccines will be directly sent to the disease control department by the production enterprises according to the management of the first-class vaccines. This process is a planned management method, which is convenient for concentrating on strengthening control.

Song Hualin, a professor at Nankai University Law School, also believes that the elimination of drug wholesale enterprises from the vaccine circulation link will reduce the vaccine circulation process and play a certain role in solving the problems of "extracorporeal circulation" of the second-class vaccine.

"In the past, vaccine manufacturers could sell second-class vaccines to wholesale enterprises or directly to disease control departments; Wholesale enterprises can also sell vaccines to other wholesale enterprises or directly to the disease control department; The disease control department can also sell the second-class vaccine to the lower-level disease control departments and vaccination units. " Song Hualin said that the second-class vaccine illegally flowed into the hands of some people who actually had no vaccine business qualifications, which was partly caused by the cumbersome circulation of vaccines.

Increase the public welfare attributes of disease control departments and curb their profit-seeking motives.

"It’s not that the vaccine is removed from the circulation enterprises, and the vaccine will sit back and relax in the future, absolutely not." Mingde Yu said,Driven by interests, even if the circulation mode of vaccines is changed, it is also necessary to prevent some personnel in the disease control department from taking risks to buy and sell vaccines for personal gain. "So the system depends on supervision.No matter how good the system is, some people try to seek personal gain, but when the legal system is sound, there is less room for them to rent and less chance for them to succeed. "

However, during the revision of the Regulations, the National Health and Family Planning Commission also released information that it will ensure the implementation of the staffing of disease control institutions at all levels in accordance with the provisions of the Guiding Opinions of the Central Organizing Committee, the Ministry of Finance and the Health and Family Planning Commission on the Organization Standards for Disease Control and Prevention. The personnel funds, public funds and business funds of disease control institutions should be fully included in the budget, and the part with insufficient financial input should be carefully verified and guaranteed by the finance at the same level. Scientifically verify the total performance salary of disease control institutions and implement dynamic adjustment. Establish a scientific and reasonable performance appraisal and performance salary distribution system. Scientifically check and approve the storage and transportation fees of the second kind of vaccine in county-level disease control institutions and the standards of vaccination service fees for vaccination units.

Song Hualin also believes that reducing the circulation link does not mean that there is no risk, and how to control it will be faced in the future.

Song Hualin said that it is not difficult to see from the information released by the National Health and Family Planning Commission that the norms and constraints on the disease control departments were obviously insufficient in terms of legal provisions and implementation status. Institutions are divided into public welfare category I and public welfare category II. One category is completely public welfare, and all expenses are fully funded by the government, including undertaking compulsory services, compulsory education, basic scientific research, public health, etc. Disease control belongs to public welfare category I..

"On the one hand, vaccine manufacturers should be required to standardize quality management behaviors, and enterprises should ensure that the corresponding sales records are true and complete while self-checking; On the other hand, in order to increase the public welfare nature of the disease control department, in the past, the disease control department had to increase financial support, curb its profit-seeking motivation and standardize its operating procedures in order to make money by selling the second-class vaccine.. Song Hualin said that this is also the reason why the funds of the disease control department should be included in the budget in full in the revised draft, that is, to ensure the funds of the disease control institutions and not to make profits.

Song Hualin said that the approval of the storage and transportation fees of the second type of vaccine and the vaccination service fee standards of vaccination units indicates that the sales price of the second type of vaccine will be more transparent from the factory to the final vaccination.

Original Owen Jarus Silk Road Heritage

During the global influenza pandemic in Spain in 1918, the influenza ward of the US military camp hospital in France. (Photo: Shutterstock)

In the long history, the outbreak of epidemic diseases always threatens mankind, sometimes changing the historical process and even marking the end of the whole civilization. Here, we have summarized the 20 most serious epidemics from prehistoric times to modern society.

1. Prehistoric Plague: Around 3000 BC

A room about 5,000 years ago was found in China, with debris all over it, or a deadly plague happened here. (Image copyright: China Archaeology)

About 5000 years ago, an infectious disease wiped out a prehistoric village in China. The room where the bodies of the deceased were piled up was then burned. The wreckage in the room belongs to teenagers, young people and middle-aged people, indicating that people of all ages have not been spared. This archaeological site, now known as Ha Min Mangha, is one of the best preserved prehistoric sites in Northeast China.

Archaeological and anthropological studies have found that the epidemic occurred very quickly. People don’t even have time to prepare a proper funeral. The site has not been inhabited since then.

Before the discovery of the site of Hamin Mangha, another large prehistoric tomb in Northeast China was unearthed in Miaozigou, which was almost at the same time. Together, these findings show that an epidemic disease once raged in the whole region.

2. Athens plague: 430 BC

Remains of Pantheon in Acropolis complex. The city experienced a plague lasting about five years around 430 BC. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

Around 430 BC, a battle between Athens and Sparta had just begun, and the plague swept through Athens for five years. Some analysts estimate that the death toll is in the millions. Thucydides (460-400 BC), an ancient Greek historian, described it as follows: "People who are in good health are suddenly hit hard on the head, their eyes are red and swollen, their internal organs such as throat and tongue are congested, and their breathing is unnatural and full of stench." (Translated by Richard Crowley, quoted from the Peloponnesian War, Dent Press, London, 1914. )

The specific disease of this plague has been a controversial topic among scientists. A series of diseases, including typhoid fever and Ebola, are possible. Many scholars believe that the gathering phenomenon caused by the war may have worsened the situation of this plague. Because the Spartan army was stronger, the Athenians gathered in the city’s military protective building called "Long Wall" to seek refuge. The plague did not stop the war from continuing, and Athens was forced to surrender until 404 BC.

3. Anthony plague: 165-180 AD

Roman soldiers are likely to return home with smallpox virus, which will eventually lead to the outbreak of Anthony plague. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

When the expedition soldiers returned to the Roman Empire, they brought back more than victory. According to the article published by Apropod, a senior professor of Roman history at Manchester Metropolitan University, in the book Ancient Upheavals (routledge Press, 2017), the plague of Anthony was most likely caused by smallpox virus. Since then, it has ravaged the army and killed more than 5 million people in the Roman Empire.

Many historians believe that the plague was brought back to the Roman Empire by soldiers after the war with Parthia. The plague finally led to the end of the peaceful Roman period, which lasted from 27 BC to 180 A.D. and the national strength once reached its peak. After 180 AD, turmoil spread throughout the Roman Empire. Not only did civil war break out, but "barbarians" also invaded from outside. Christianity became more popular after the plague broke out.

4. Plague in Cyprus: 250-271 AD

In Thebes, Egypt, victims of an ancient plague were burned by bonfires. (Image copyright: N Qiyang, ONLUS Egyptian and Sudanese Cultural Research Association)

The Archbishop of Carthage (the city of Tunisia) named Saint Cyprus described the epidemic as "the end of the world" because it killed about 5,000 people in Rome alone. In 2014, archaeologists discovered a large burial place for plague victims in Luxor. The bodies of the victims were covered with a thick layer of lime (used as a disinfectant in history). Archaeologists also found three kiln sites used to make lime, and traces of burning victims with bonfires.

Experts are not sure what disease caused the plague. "A common flu takes away the patient’s body energy after removing the intestinal resistance, and (at the same time) the high fever from the bone marrow leads to a wound in the throat (part of the mouth)", written by Cypriots in a Latin book called Death (Philip Schaff translated from the appendix of The Father of the Third Century: Hippolytos, Cyprus, Caius, Novatian, Christian Classics Library, 1885).

5. Justinian plague: 541-542 AD

Mosaic portraits of Justinian the Great and his supporters. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

The Byzantine Empire declined under the attack of the Black Death. The plague then occurred intermittently. According to some speculations, more than 10% of the global population died.

The plague was named after the Byzantine monarch Justinian (ruling period: 527-565 AD). Under its rule, the Byzantine Empire reached its peak, controlling a large territory from the Middle East to Western Europe. Justinian ordered the construction of the famous Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) Cathedral in the imperial capital Constanyine (today’s Istanbul). Justinian was also infected with the plague, but survived. However, its empire was constantly losing territory under the attack of the plague.

6. Black Death: 1346-1353 AD

The Chronicle of Nuremberg, Volume I, with illustrations CCLXIIII. Skeletons are rising from the dead and joining the dance of death. (Image copyright: Anton Keberg, 1493/Public Server)

From Asia to Europe, the Black Death brought destruction all the way. Some studies estimate that half of the European population died. The Black Death was caused by an extinct strain of Yersinia pestis, which spread through fleas and infected rats. The bodies of the victims are generally buried together.

This plague profoundly changed the course of European history. Due to the large number of deaths, the labor force plummeted, the wages of workers were raised, and the European serfdom system ended. Research shows that the surviving laborers can get more meat and better quality bread. The shortage of cheap labor may also promote technological innovation.

7. The Great Plague of Coco Rizzitelli: 1545-1548.

Aztec ruins national monument. (Image copyright: USGS US Geological Survey)

The plague in Cocoa Rizzitelli was caused by a combined infection with viral hemorrhage and high fever, which eventually killed 15 million people in Mexico and Central America. As the local population has been hit by extreme drought before, the disease has become particularly deadly. "Coco Rizzitelli" means "pest" in Aztec.

A new study examined the DNA in the remains of the deceased and found that they were infected by a subspecies of Salmonella called Salmonella paratyphi C. This pathogen brings intestinal fever common to common typhoid patients. Intestinal fever causes high fever, dehydration and other gastrointestinal problems, which is a major disease threat even today.

8. American plague: 16th century

Hernan cortese and his army painted by O Graff (1892). After the Spanish invaders captured the Aztec city, they let it suffer from smallpox. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

Plague in America refers to a series of European pandemics brought to America by European explorers. These epidemics, including smallpox, accelerated the collapse of Inca civilization and Aztec civilization. Some studies estimate that nearly 90% of the indigenous population in the Western Hemisphere died.

To some extent, these epidemics helped the army led by Hernan cortese to conquer Diotihuacan, the capital of Aztec, in 1519, and Francisco Pizarro’s army to capture Inca in 1532. The Spanish thus occupied the territory of the two empires. The Aztec and Inca armies were unable to resist Spanish arms because of the disease. Britain, France, Portugal and the Netherlands, in the process of exploring, raiding and settling in the Western Hemisphere, also benefited from the sudden decline of local resistance caused by the epidemic to some extent.

9. Great Plague in London: 1665-1666

London fire model in 1666. The fire happened just after the city suffered a deadly plague. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

The last outbreak of the Black Death occurred in Great Britain. It then led to a large-scale migration led by Charles II. The plague began in April 1665 and spread rapidly in the hot summer. Infecting fleas on rats is the main channel for spreading the virus. At the end of the plague, about 1 million people died, including 15% of the population in London. But this is not the end of this ordeal. On September 2, 1666, the fire in London spread and burned a large area of the city for four days.

10. Marseilles plague: 1720-1723

Today, France’s St. Jane’s Castle, Meyer Cathedral and Marseilles Old Port. About 30% of the Marseille population died in a plague that lasted for three years in the 1720s. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

Historical records show that the great plague in Marseilles originated from a ship named Saint Anthony that docked in the harbor. The ship returned with cargo from the eastern Mediterranean. Although the ship was immediately isolated, the plague still entered the city. The most likely reason is fleas carried by infected rats.

The plague spread rapidly, causing about one million deaths in Marseille and its vicinity in the following three years. It is estimated that 30% of the population of Marseille lost their lives.

11. Russian plague: 1770-1772

Portrait of Catherine II painted by Virgilius Erickson (about 1757-1772). Even Queen Catherine could not lead Russia out of the devastating blow caused by the plague in 1770. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

In Moscow after the plague, the fear of isolated residents turned into violence. Riots spread in the city, which eventually led to the murder of Archbishop Amplo Theseus, who advised parishioners not to gather for prayer.

Empress Catherine II of Russia (also known as Catherine the Great) desperately needed to control the plague and rebuild social order, so she hastily ordered all factories to move to Moscow. When the plague ended, about one million people died. Although the plague is over, the reconstruction process of the queen is in jeopardy. In 1773, Ye Liewan pugachev claimed to be Peter III (the executed husband of yekaterina) and launched a riot, resulting in thousands of deaths.

12. Philadelphia yellow fever: 1793

George Washington’s second inauguration ceremony, Philadelphia Congress, March 4, 1793. A plague of yellow fever swept through Philadelphia in the first half of 1793. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

When yellow fever swept through Philadelphia, the capital of the United States at that time, abolitionists advocated African-Americans to take part in caring for the patients because of the official misunderstanding that slaves were immune.

The epidemic is spread by mosquitoes. It was hot and humid in Philadelphia that summer, and the number of mosquitoes soared. The epidemic did not end until the mosquitoes disappeared in the winter of the same year. More than 5,000 people were killed.

13. Global influenza pandemic: 1889-1890

Woodcut depicts Paris during the global influenza in 1889-1890. Nurses are taking care of patients. This global epidemic has killed about one million people. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

In the era of modern industrialization, new traffic links make it easier for influenza virus to cause large-scale chaos. In just a few months, the disease spread all over the world, killing about one million people. In just five weeks, the death rate of epidemic disease reached its peak.

Case reports first appeared in Russia. Although air travel has not yet appeared, the virus spread rapidly in St. Petersburg and then spread throughout Europe and around the world.

14. American polio pandemic: 1916

Washington D.C., Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Hall. President Roosevelt was diagnosed with polio in 1921 at the age of 39. By the time Salk vaccine appeared in 1954, the pandemic had killed thousands of people. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

A polio epidemic that started in new york eventually sickened 27,000 people and killed 6,000 people in the United States. The epidemic mainly affects children, and in some cases, it will lead to lifelong disability of survivors.

Polio occurred from time to time in the United States before Salk vaccine was developed in 1954. After the vaccine was widely vaccinated, the number of cases in the United States declined. The last report of polio in the United States was in 1979. Although it has not been completely eliminated, the effect of vaccine research and development around the world has greatly reduced the occurrence of this disease.

15. Spanish influenza: 1918-1920

Emergency Hospital during Influenza Epidemic, Camp Fenston, Kansas. (Image copyright: Oddis Historical Archives, National Museum of Health and Medicine)

It is estimated that 500 million people from south to NATO have become victims of Spanish flu. One fifth of them were killed, and some indigenous communities were almost extinct. Because the living space of soldiers was constrained during the First World War, ordinary people were malnourished during the war, and this flu was particularly contagious and fatal.

Although it was named Spanish flu, the epidemic did not originate in Spain. Spain was a neutral country during the war, and its press was not strictly censored, so it was free to report the situation in the early stage of the epidemic. As a result, people mistakenly thought that the epidemic mainly occurred in Spain, and the name Spanish flu continued.

16. Asian Influenza: 1957-1958

Chickens are tested for avian influenza. In 1950s, an avian flu killed about one million people. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

Asian influenza is another global influenza pandemic. The epidemic originated in China and killed more than one million people. What caused the outbreak of the epidemic was an avian influenza virus.

According to CDC records, the disease spread rapidly, and cases appeared in Singapore in February 1957, Hong Kong in April 1957 and coastal cities in the United States in the summer of 1957. There are more than 1.1 million deaths worldwide and 116,000 cases in the United States.

17. Global and regional infectious diseases of AIDS: 1981-present.

AIDS became a global epidemic in 1980s, and then it continued to spread in some parts of the world. (Photo copyright: Mario Suriani/joint report, new york Historical Society)

Since the first confirmed case, AIDS has killed 35 million people around the world. It is very likely that the HIV virus that caused AIDS first spread among chimpanzees and spread to humans in West Africa in the 1920s. The virus spread all over the world, and AIDS developed into a global infectious disease at the end of the 20th century. Today, about 64% of the 40 million people in sub-Saharan Africa carry human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

For decades, there has been no treatment for this disease. However, drugs developed in the 1990s can enable patients to live a normal life with regular treatment. Even more exciting, two HIV patients were cured in early 2020.

18. Global pandemic of H1N1 swine flu: 2009-2010

On April 30, 2019, at the Sartre Delta Medical Center in Antioch, California, a nurse passed a diversion tent built outside the emergency room. The hospital is preparing for the arrival of a large number of swine flu patients. (Image copyright: Justin Sullivan, Getty Images)

The outbreak of swine flu in 2009 originated from a new H1N1 strain that appeared in Mexico in the spring of 2009. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, within one year, the virus infected about 1.4 billion people around the world, killing 151,700 to 575,400 people.

According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the influenza pandemic in 2009 mainly targeted at children and young people, and about 80% of the dead people were under 65 years old. This is unusual because the mortality rate of most strains of influenza virus, including seasonal influenza, is mainly aimed at people over 65 years old. In the case of swine flu, the elderly may have developed enough immunity to the virus group to which H1N1 belongs, so they have not received too much influence. The vaccine against the H1N1 virus that causes swine flu has now been included in the annual influenza vaccine.

19. Ebola epidemic in West Africa: 2014-2016

During the Ebola outbreak in 2014, medical workers wore protective clothing before entering the Ebola treatment site in Liberia. (Image copyright: CDC/Sally ezra/Antalya Christie (Public Service))

The Ebola virus ravaged West Africa between 2014 and 2016, resulting in a total of 28,600 reported cases, of which 11,325 were killed. The earliest case was reported in Guinea in December 2013, and then the epidemic spread rapidly to Liberia and Sierra Leone. Cases and deaths mainly occurred in the above three countries. According to the report of the CDC, a few cases occurred in Nigeria, Mali, Senegal, the United States and Europe.

Even though efforts to develop vaccines continue, Ebola has not been effectively treated so far. The earliest known Ebola virus appeared in Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo in 1976, and the virus may have originated from bats.

20. Zika virus epidemic: 2015 to present

Workers spray mosquitoes carrying Chika virus with pesticides. Chika virus is most common in tropical areas. (Image copyright: Shutterstock)

The impact of the recent Chika virus epidemic in South America and Central America is unknown. Meanwhile, scientists are racing against time to control the virus. Chika virus is generally transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, but it can also be transmitted among humans through sexual intercourse.

Although Chika virus is generally harmless to adults and children, it can attack babies who are still in the womb and cause birth defects. Mosquito species carrying Chika virus are most likely to multiply in warm and humid climate, so South America, Central America and the southern United States have become the main areas for virus transmission.

Source: livescience

Translation: IICC-X Zhao Jinchao

Original title: "Understanding History: 20 Most Serious Diseases and Global Pandemic"

Read the original text