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　 　　　As the Spring Festival approaches, every household puts the cleaning of glass windows on the agenda. How to clean the glass in high-rise residential buildings? The reporter visited and found that in addition to manual window cleaning artifacts, electric window cleaning robots are increasingly favored by the public. Is the expensive window cleaning robot really easy to use? On November 30th, Nanjing Consumers Association released the evaluation and analysis report of window cleaning robot. The reporter learned at the scene that the performance of window cleaning robot is not directly proportional to the price.

　　Yangzi Evening News/Zi Niu News reporter Jiang Jingyi

　　The public reported that the window cleaning robot of more than 2,000 yuan could not wipe the dead corner.

　　"It took more than 2,000 yuan to buy a window cleaning robot to clean the window. It took no effort, but the cleaning effect was not as good as expected." Mr. Zhang, a citizen of jianye district, Nanjing, lives on the 21st floor. Because it is close to the road, the dust is heavy, and the glass window is very difficult to clean. "It is expensive and laborious to call for cleaning every week, and it is not clean by myself, so I bought the window cleaning robot from the Internet."

　　Pour clean water into the window cleaning robot, and then adsorb the window cleaning robot on the glass. Consumers can control it manually. The electric window cleaning robot is light and effortless, but the cleaning effect is not as good as expected. "Many dead corners can’t be wiped, and heavy stains can’t be wiped off." Mr. Zhang bought a circular window cleaning robot, and the four corners of the glass window are difficult to cover.

　　The reporter found on the Internet that compared with the manual window cleaning artifact of tens of yuan, the price of electric window cleaning robots is mostly 1,000-2,000 yuan, and there are also more than 3,000 yuan of window cleaning robots.

　　Comparative experiment: window cleaning robot is not as expensive as possible.

　　Is the window cleaning robot as expensive as possible? Nanjing Consumers Association has purchased 10 types of window cleaning robots from market stores (appliance stores) and mainstream e-commerce platforms (JD.COM, Suning.cn, Tmall). The unit price of samples ranges from 830 yuan to 3,280 yuan, involving 9 domestic and foreign brands in the mainstream market. The structural types include crawler-type square window cleaning machines and double-suction-cup rotary oval window cleaning machines.

　　The reporter noted that at present, there is no effective national mandatory or recommended standard for window cleaning robots in China, so this comparative test evaluation project refers to the relevant standards of similar products as much as possible.

　　"Experiments were mainly conducted from the aspects of cleanliness, noise, battery life and energy consumption. The results showed that the coverage of these 10 prototypes was good as a whole, reaching more than 95%, and the performance was not necessarily proportional to the price. In this test, the overall noise of the window cleaning robot is relatively large, with the lowest average reaching 58dB, and seven prototypes reaching more than 60 dB. More than 50dB will affect rest and sleep, so it is best to keep a certain distance between man and machine when using. " Yu Qi, a senior engineer of Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection and National Smart Grid Quality Inspection Center, showed a variety of window cleaning robots on the spot. The same glass, HOBOT-388 sample can be cleaned in 115 seconds, while BOBOT(WIN701) sample takes 348 seconds to clean.

　　In addition, all models have the functions of falling prevention, path planning, starting point memory and remote control. There are many functions supported by high prices, but relatively few functions supported by low-priced products, and some explicit functions cannot be realized.

　　Expert advice: dry wipe before wet wipe when using.

　　"When purchasing, consumers should first be clear about their own needs, such as the area of glass in their homes, whether they are equipped with security window, etc., and purchase them in a targeted manner." Cao Wei, Deputy Secretary-General of Nanjing Consumers Association, suggested that consumers should try the machine on the spot when purchasing offline, and check whether the noise range is within their acceptable range.

　　Although all models have anti-fall function, you should first fasten the safety rope when using it to prevent falling from high altitude. When using, try to wipe off the surface wind and sand first, then wet it, and spray cleaning liquid according to the requirements of the manual to prevent the window cleaning robot from slipping because the rag is too wet.

　　After use, consumers should clean the rag and crawler (if any) of the machine in time to prevent the dust accumulation from affecting the next cleaning effect. The battery of the window cleaning robot should be charged at regular intervals (4-6 months is recommended) to ensure the service life of the lithium battery.

7. Promote the integration of five aspects.

(1) Promote the integration of management mechanisms. "Integration of the two networks" is first of all the integration of management mechanisms. According to the actual situation, the functions of relevant management departments can be integrated to form a new competent department to coordinate and manage the whole industrial chain of domestic waste, such as Beijing Dacheng Management. You can also adopt the government joint meeting (or leading group) mechanism to establish a government joint meeting system (or leading group) led by the commercial administrative department and the urban management administrative department, with the participation of relevant departments, so as to promote the integration of management mechanisms and formulate plans and policy initiatives in a unified manner.

(2) Promote personnel integration. The commerce department and the urban management department fully co-ordinate and set up a system of "one post and two jobs", encouraging sanitation and cleaning workers to take part-time jobs in the classification and recycling of recyclable garbage (or recycling personnel take part-time jobs in sanitation and cleaning), and be responsible for the daily work of waste recycling, garbage sorting, ledger recording, classification and statistics in the community. Recycling enterprises shall receive waste products collected by sanitation and cleaning workers according to market conditions. The recycling behavior of sanitation and cleaning workers with one post and two posts shall be standardized according to the relevant requirements of the Ministry of Commerce for the construction of renewable resources recycling system.

(3) Promote logistics integration. According to the actual situation, all localities can promote the integration of two transportation resources, namely sanitation removal and recycling logistics, use sanitation removal vehicles to transport recyclable materials, adjust and optimize sanitation removal routes as much as possible, and share them with renewable resources logistics lines. Or adopt a market-oriented way, entrust a professional company to transport the recyclables from waste recycling trading stations, sorting points and transfer stations to the district-level renewable resources comprehensive utilization center.

(4) Promote the sharing of venues and facilities. The setting of recycling sites around the country should be connected with the classified collection points of domestic garbage or sanitation garbage houses. Where there are conditions to adjust and expand the space layout of garbage bins, garbage compression stations, transfer stations and other venues and facilities in the sanitation system, they should be adjusted and rebuilt, and recyclable recycling, sorting, primary processing stations or renewable resource transfer stations should be set up to achieve "one dual-use" and be operated by renewable resource operators, bringing sanitation and cleaning personnel into the unified management of resource recycling grassroots outlets to realize the function of superimposed recycling services. Where conditions permit, recycling enterprises and sanitation enterprises should cooperate, make unified planning of recyclable waste sorting centers, and concentrate on sorting recyclable waste, saving land and improving efficiency.

(5) Promote platform integration. Resource recovery data should be shared with sanitation classification data. Encourage the establishment of an information platform based on the Internet, the Internet of Things and cloud computing, which integrates waste intelligent classification and resource recovery, and integrates data and information collection in the whole process of source classification, resource recovery, sanitation removal, processing and utilization, and terminal processing to form big data analysis of the whole waste industry chain, providing data support for government decision-making.

8. Key points of classified delivery and classified collection

(1) Strengthen publicity and create a social atmosphere. Relevant departments and units, such as commerce, urban management, environmental protection, streets (towns), communities, real estate and operating entities, should co-ordinate and cooperate, adopt various ways and channels, strengthen the publicity of garbage classification and resource recovery, promote classified recycling into communities, schools, institutions, shopping malls and parks, raise citizens’ awareness of resource recovery and garbage classification, give play to the guiding role of public opinion, and create a good society for garbage classification and resource recovery.

(2) Source classification starts from the family. Family is the producer of domestic waste, and also the first responsible person for domestic waste classification. Therefore, the source classification of garbage should start from the family. According to the actual situation, the operator can distribute three kinds of garbage bags with different labels to the community residents (namely, kitchen waste garbage bags, recyclable garbage bags and non-recyclable garbage bags), and require residents to put the three kinds of garbage into the corresponding garbage bags at home. Harmful waste is small in quantity and low in frequency, so residents can package it separately. According to the actual situation, all localities can formulate compulsory or punitive measures for the classification of household waste.

(3) Setting of garbage collection containers. Four kinds of collection containers, including recyclable garbage, kitchen waste, non-recyclable garbage and harmful waste, are set up in residential quarters. Among them, the harmful waste collection container must have eye-catching signs, and temporary storage places should be set up in accordance with the requirements of pollution control standards for hazardous waste storage; Institutions, enterprises and institutions set up recyclable garbage, non-recyclable garbage and harmful waste three kinds of collection containers, and the unit canteen set up kitchen waste collection containers; Public, entertainment, business and other places set up recyclable garbage and non-recyclable garbage collection containers. Individuals and units put different kinds of domestic garbage into corresponding garbage collection containers respectively. Recyclable garbage, kitchen waste and non-recyclable garbage are produced daily. The amount of harmful waste is small, and the operator can determine the frequency of fixed-point collection according to the actual situation. In areas where conditions permit, we can explore canceling fixed garbage bins in residential areas, adopting the methods of regular classified delivery and classified collection, and gradually cultivate residents’ good habit of regular classified delivery of garbage.

(4) Establish incentive mechanism for classified delivery. Encourage operators to adopt intelligent waste sorting system, establish similar systems of "green account", "environmental protection file", "green bank" and point exchange through tracing the source of waste delivery and data collection, and integrate or unite commercial facilities such as community supermarkets and shopping malls to form supporting services, and provide economic incentives such as cashing points for residents’ classified delivery behavior, so as to mobilize residents’ enthusiasm for waste sorting, increase residents’ sense of honor in correct classification, and provide big data support for the government to build smart cities.

(5) Laying community waste sales sites. The setting of recycling sites should fully take care of residents’ habit of throwing garbage, that is, low-value garbage is put into garbage containers, and high-value waste is sold at recycling sites. Therefore, all localities should set up at least one waste (renewable resources) selling site in each community according to the principle of relative stability and convenience, and should be included in the overall planning of regional urban construction and management, and the district government, streets and property management companies should support it. The area of the waste sales site is 5-10 square meters, and it is set according to the construction standard of the recycling system of the Ministry of Commerce. In communities where there is no space to set up waste sales sites, operators should set up standardized mobile recycling vehicles to facilitate residents to sell high-value waste products, and streets, communities and property companies should support them.

(6) Build a "internet plus Recycling" platform. With the development of internet technology and the popularity of smart phones, it will become more and more common to sell waste products online. In addition to laying offline recycling outlets, operators should also build a "internet plus recycling" platform, establish a mobile APP terminal, and rely on the advantages of offline outlets to form an online call-in, trading, and offline quick door-to-door service acquisition system.

(7) Collect scavengers and establish a regular recycling team. Encourage operators to collect and integrate scavengers in the region, and establish a standardized and standardized recycling team with "five unifications" and "five openness" in accordance with the norms of the Ministry of Commerce for recycling system construction. Streets, communities and property companies should give strong support. For sanitation and cleaning workers with "one post and two posts", the operating entities should also carry out standardized management according to the requirements of the Ministry of Commerce for the construction of recycling teams.

(8) forming a standardized recycling network. The recycling network of operators should enter communities, enterprises, schools and institutions. A complete, advanced and standardized recycling network of renewable resources should be established through laying offline recycling outlets and building online recycling platforms, integrating sanitation and cleaning personnel and scavengers, improving the layout of renewable resources transfer stations, and cleaning up and banning illegal sites that occupy roads illegally, build illegally and do not meet the requirements of environmental sanitation.

9. Key points of classified transportation work

(1) Transportation route planning. According to the amount and distribution of garbage, all localities have scientifically planned and designed facilities and transportation lines for classified recovery, compression and transfer of domestic garbage according to local conditions, and gradually promoted the construction of large-scale multi-functional domestic garbage compression and transfer stations.

(2) Classified transportation of domestic waste. It is forbidden to transport the classified domestic garbage in a mixed way. Recyclable garbage is transported by renewable resource transport vehicles and enters the resource recycling system; The kitchen waste is transported by a special vehicle with good leakproofness and leakproofness, and enters the biological anaerobic fermentation center; Transportation in harmful waste shall comply with the relevant regulations of the environmental protection department. Encourage the integration of recycling subjects and sanitation systems, and implement the whole process of garbage classification, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal.

(3) Large garbage recycling transfer station. Conditional areas and operating entities shall set up recycling transfer stations for large-scale garbage for centralized, temporary storage and sorting.

10, classification processing work points

(1) classified processing. Recyclable garbage is processed and utilized by renewable resource enterprises; The kitchen waste is processed and utilized by the biological anaerobic center; The kitchen waste shall be treated biochemically by the service unit that has obtained the business license for the disposal of kitchen waste; Non-recyclable garbage is used for energy utilization by means of incineration power generation and sanitary landfill, so as to minimize the amount of primary garbage landfill; Harmful waste should deliver enterprises with hazardous waste disposal qualification and hazardous waste business license for harmless disposal.

(2) Renewable resource sorting center. Each district (or small city, county) should build at least one sorting center for renewable resources, and allocate necessary facilities and equipment according to the requirements of urban management, environmental protection and fire safety, so as to meet the requirements of weighing, sorting, sorting, sorting, dismantling, packaging, temporary storage and primary processing after centralized recycling of renewable resources. Recyclable garbage sorted by various communities is concentrated in the sorting center for sorting, sorting, packaging and primary processing, which is convenient for docking with the comprehensive utilization chain.

(3) Layout low-value recyclables processing and utilization chain. Encourage operators to obtain the support of local government according to local resources and their own conditions, adopt PPP method to lay out the processing and utilization chain of low-value recyclable garbage, and establish resource processing and utilization centers such as waste glass, waste textiles, waste plastic bags, waste soft packaging, waste furniture and kitchen waste to ensure that the resources classified at the front end have a place to go and can be used.

(4) Establish a comprehensive utilization base for cooperative treatment of domestic waste. Encourage qualified operators, obtain the support of local government, explore the establishment of a comprehensive utilization system for domestic waste collaborative treatment, make overall planning and construction of a comprehensive base for collaborative treatment of waste incineration, sanitary landfill, kitchen waste resource utilization, renewable resource processing and utilization, and harmful waste harmless disposal, implement the co-construction and sharing of infrastructure such as fire protection, safety and environmental protection in the base, and allocate relevant facilities in a clean, intensive, integrated and efficient manner to realize waste treatment, resource utilization and hazardous waste disposal.

11, vigorously explore the support measures.

(1) Establish a policy guarantee mechanism for low-value garbage. It is necessary to explore financial support policies for low-value recyclables, subsidize low-value recyclables with special funds, and form a long-term operation mechanism for low-value garbage recycling. According to the actual situation, all localities should calculate the special subsidy standard, which can be reversed according to the garbage disposal fee and clearing freight, or calculated according to the recycling, storage, transportation and treatment cost of low-value garbage.

(2) Explore the extended producer responsibility system. It is necessary to study and explore the introduction of extended producer responsibility system for different kinds of low-value recyclables, so as to promote the recycling of low-value garbage such as express packages and tetra pak. At the same time, where conditions permit, we can explore the charging system for domestic garbage, and whoever produces garbage will pay for it.

(3) Construction of relevant laws, regulations and standards. All localities should speed up the exploration of the legal requirements for compulsory garbage classification, establish a relevant standard system for domestic garbage classification, refine garbage categories, and clearly identify signs. Conditional cities will first introduce laws and regulations on compulsory classification of local domestic waste, formulate incentives and penalties for compulsory classification, and issue a catalogue for guiding the classification of domestic waste.

(4) Explore the ways of government purchasing services. All localities should vigorously explore the mode of government purchasing services (PPP mode), incite market forces, and guide all sectors of society to carry out classified recycling of domestic waste. Guangzhou’s experience has proved that PPP mode is a feasible mode to mobilize market forces to participate in the reduction and recycling of domestic waste.

When it comes to Bugatti, I believe many fans should know this car. Now Bugatti Veyron has been replaced by Bugatti Chiron, becoming a past tense. Recently, a friend saw an interesting Bugatti supercar at the auto show, which came out five years earlier than Bugatti Veyron, and the name of the car also had the word CHIRON.

Fans who often pay attention to Bugatti should not be ugly. The body design of this Bugatti supercar has many shadows of Bugatti supercar now. However, whether it is from Bugatti Veyron or Bugatti CHIRON, it can be said that they all evolved from the design style of the car.

It turns out that this is a Bugatti EB 18/3 CHIRON model from Bugatti. This car is a concept model introduced by Bugatti in 1999, and the quantity is very rare, which laid the design style for the subsequent Bugatti Chiron and Veyron. Fans who know Bugatti Veyron should know that Bugatti Veyron is a super-running model launched by Bugatti in 2004, and this Bugatti EB 18/3 Chiron was launched in 1999, which shows how strong Bugatti’s super-running design foundation is.

Although it is a super-running work in the 20th century, the power of this Bugatti EB 18/3 CHIRON is unambiguous, and it is also equipped with the same large-displacement engine as Bugatti Veyron and Chiron. Bugatti EB 18/3 Chiron is equipped with a W18 engine, which can explode 555 horsepower and 630N.M torque. It is worth mentioning that the engine weighs 315KG, and 18/3 refers to the design of 18 cylinders and 3 rows.

Not to mention 20 years ago, such a power combination is definitely a super-running model even now, and even worse, it was in 1999. Although this Bugatti EB 18/3 Chiron model was not mass-produced immediately after it was launched, it still paved the way for the later Bugatti Veyron.

Nowadays, this Bugatti EB 18/3 Chiron can only be seen in auto shows or automobile museums. After all, the quantity is really rare, and it is of great commemorative significance, which is equivalent to a kind of art that is not for sale. There is not much information about the price of the car, and it is estimated that Bugatti did not intend to sell the car at all.

　　The Spring Festival of the Year of the Rooster is approaching, and the high-end liquor market, which has been depressed for more than four years, has finally entered the sales season. Beijing Youth Daily reporter visited the market yesterday and found that Wuliangye (commonly known as Puwu), a 52-degree 500ml crystal bottle, has risen from 729 yuan to 829 yuan, while Maotai (commonly known as Pufei), a 53-degree 500ml flying bottle, is a price like a stock every day. After New Year’s Day, it stood on the step of 2,000 yuan, but later the discount promotion price was close to 1,700 yuan. Yesterday, its single bottle price fell back to the level at the end of last year — — 1280 yuan.

　　Visit: high-end liquor sells well

　　In the exclusive liquor cabinet of Carrefour supermarket in Jiandeqiao, the price tag of Puwu has changed from 729 yuan/bottle a month ago to 829 yuan/bottle, and the price of Pufei has actually dropped from 2,000 yuan per bottle to 1,280 yuan, which is the price standard at the end of last year. According to the observation of the reporter of Beiqing Daily, the price fluctuation of Pufei is like a stock, with ups and downs, almost one price a day. Last Mid-Autumn Festival and November, the retail price of its supermarket was around 1000 yuan, and it rose to 1280 yuan per bottle near New Year’s Day. After New Year’s Day, its price soared again. This time, it stood on the step of 2000 yuan in one breath, but it was quickly discounted, and the discounted price was close to 1700 yuan. But now, customers can buy a bottle of Pfeiffer for 1280 yuan, which is only more 450 yuan than Wuliangye. For consumers, the cost performance is more suitable. According to the survey, at present, in JD.COM Mall and Tmall Mall, the price of Puwu single bottle is 816 yuan, and the price of Pufei single bottle is 1288 yuan.

　　Impact: Serious shortage of stock.

　　Different from Pufei’s performance of price reduction for the market, it is said that Puwu still has the impulse of price increase. It is understood that at present, the mainstream market price of Puwu is about 780 yuan/bottle, and some insiders predict that from the current trend of brisk sales, when it enters its peak next week, the regions with better market performance are expected to break through 800 yuan/bottle. As for the reasons for the price increase, some dealers said that since January this year, all kinds of business banquets, friends gathering for drinks, and new year purchases have begun. According to dealers, another reason for the price increase of high-grade liquor is that there was a rebate phenomenon between liquor enterprises and distributors in the past. Later, manufacturers canceled the rebate policy. After canceling the rebate policy, only the price increase can make money. In fact, as early as the end of last year, the price of a batch of Puwu had exceeded 739 yuan/bottle.

　　Regarding the relatively tight sales during the Spring Festival and the serious shortage of dealers, Wuliangye said that Wuliangye was seriously out of stock in many markets across the country because of the growth of consumption during the Spring Festival peak season and various factors of logistics. The delivery time of Wuliangye is until January 21st. At present, there are indeed many requests, and most dealers are asking for increments, but the company has no limit to increase at present. Because the dealer inventory has reached the lowest point in history, only around 8%. The person in charge of Wuliangye market told the media that in January this year, the shortage of Wuliangye was not an individual regional phenomenon, and the incremental demand of dealers was more urgent.

　　Research report: Liquor market is picking up.

　　According to the analysis of Southwest Securities Research Report, this round of liquor industry is picking up, and high-end liquor is the first to achieve recovery. After shuffling during the adjustment period, the absolute advantages of Maotai, Wuliangye and Guojiao in the high-end liquor market are established, and the pattern of the strong and the strong is interpreted.

　　It is difficult for Wuliangye to surpass Maotai in the short term, but its second position is stable, and it is expected to gradually narrow the gap. Maotai’s volume and price strategy has a strong suppression effect on Wuliangye. In 2016, driven by the dual demand of terminal consumption and channel replenishment, a batch of Maotai prices rose rapidly, from 840 yuan at the beginning of the year to 1,100 yuan. The huge gap between supply and demand in the future will push the prices up continuously.

　　Benefiting from the price increase of Maotai, Wuliangye took many measures in 2016 to promote the smooth price increase of core brands, and the ex-factory price was raised from 659 yuan to 739 yuan, and at the same time, the terminal was sold at a suitable price. In 2017, the company continued to control the price, and the supply in the fifth five-year plan decreased by 25%, and the price is expected to continue to rise.

　　Text/Reporter Zhao Xinpei Photo courtesy/vision china

　　Tired of takeout?

　　Today, Xiaobian gives you a change of taste!

　　Tofu that can be "drunk"? Cooking food with tea leaves? And the dish is called farewell my concubine?

　　Special cuisine of cities along the canal

　　Here we come ~

　　01 Beijing

　　Roast duck — — It is a famous Beijing dish with world reputation, which originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China and belongs to court food.

　　Although it is shiny and shiny, the high-quality duck meat, after being roasted with fruit, wood and charcoal fire, presents a mellow, fat but not greasy appearance for diners, and is known as "delicious in the world".

　　02 Tianjin

　　Guifaxiang 18th Street Twist — — Tianjin’s century-old dough twist shop, together with Tianjin Goubuli steamed stuffed bun and Erduoyan fried cake, is also called "Tianjin Three Musts". As the name implies, its shop was once located at 18th Street, Dagu South Road, so its name is "Guifaxiang 18th Street Twist", but people are more accustomed to calling it 18th Street Twist.

　　Guifaxiang 18th Street Twist was recognized as "Chinese Famous Snack" at the first national famous snack recognition meeting, and was named "Chinese Time-honored Brand" by the Ministry of Internal Trade of China in 1996.

　　In the center of Guifaxiang’s twist, there is a mixed stuffing crisp bar made of sesame, peach kernel, melon seed, green plum, osmanthus fragrans, green shredded pork and essence water. After deep-frying, it will also be accompanied by small materials such as rock candy, green red silk and melon strips on its surface. Layers of attack, showing a crisp and sweet taste.

　　03 Cangzhou

　　Hotpot chicken — — Originated in Cangzhou, Hebei Province, it is a well-known, very popular and affordable food in Cangzhou. When eating, you can also rinse with other dishes according to your own preferences, with accessories such as aged vinegar and garlic paste, which is rich in flavor and memorable.

　　Spicy and delicious hotpot chicken with unique taste is an excellent side dish for next meal!

　　04 Dezhou

　　Braised chicken — — The first of the four famous chickens in China. Dezhou braised chicken production skills are listed as national intangible cultural heritage. In terms of its age, it has a history of more than 300 years! As early as the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Dezhou braised chicken was listed as a Shandong tribute and sent to the palace for the emperor and the royal family to enjoy!

　　Dezhou braised chicken is famous all over the country because of its unique production method, rotten and boneless meat, delicious color, fat but not greasy taste, and is known as "the best chicken in the world"

　　05 Linqing

　　Tofu with pallets — — Because the seller always cuts it and sells it on a special rectangular board, it is called "pallet tofu". Especially in the morning of Linqing, customers holding pallet tofu for breakfast can be seen everywhere in the streets and lanes, which is not only nutritious, but also delicate, mellow and fragrant!

　　After reading the pictures, are you thinking, "Isn’t this just an ordinary piece of tofu? Where can’t I eat it?" All wet!

　　Tofu with a pallet is made of superior soybeans, which are peeled and soaked, ground into juice, filtered out with cloth, boiled in a pot, and carefully ordered with brine. The most important thing is that it should be "drunk" and eaten. Its tenderness basically does not require chewing. It is a traditional food suitable for all ages.

　　Friends who love tofu must not miss trying this unique way of eating, sweet and delicious plate tofu!

　　06 Yangzhou

　　Lion head — — A traditional dish in Huaiyang Cuisine in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China Province. Legend has it that the lion’s head practice began in the Sui Dynasty. When Emperor Yangdi was on a lucky trip, the chef made four dishes, including sunflower chop meat and sunflower meatballs, with the theme of four famous scenic spots in Yangzhou.

　　The meat of lion’s head is fresh and tender, fragrant and mellow, crisp and delicious, suitable for all seasons. Some Song people praised its delicious taste with the poem "But one cup is matched with two crabs, and there are really Yangzhou cranes in the world".

　　07 Suzhou

　　Shrimp with snails — — Suzhou, Jiangsu, a traditional famous dish, as its name implies, mainly uses shrimp as the main ingredient and skillfully uses Biluochun as the ingredient. Using the fragrant tea juice of New Biluochun as seasoning, it is cooked with shrimps. The delicious taste of shrimps and the fragrance of famous tea complement each other.

　　Shrimp is as white as jade, and tea leaves are decorated in it. The entrance has a fresh tea fragrance, fresh and tender teeth, and a little sweetness. This combination is bold and delicious, which makes people "love it"!

　　08 Hangzhou

　　West Lake Vinegar Fish — — Also called Uncle and Sister-in-law Chuan Zhen, Song Saoyu. On September 10, 2018, "Chinese food" was officially released, and "West Lake vinegar fish" was rated as one of the top ten classic dishes in Zhejiang.

　　West Lake vinegar fish usually uses grass carp as raw material and is cooked. The surface is covered with a layer of smooth and oily sweet and sour, and the fish is tender and beautiful. If you taste it carefully, there will be a crab-flavored surprise, which is sweet and sour and intriguing.

　　09 Xuzhou

　　Farewell my concubine — — This dish was created by the people in Xuzhou area to commemorate Xiang Yu, a hero of Chu who made great contributions to overthrowing the rule of Qin Dynasty, and to miss Yu Ji, a peerless beauty who was deeply concerned about the country and was righteous and upright, and has been passed down to this day.

　　At present, soft-shelled turtle and chicken are the main ingredients, and the soup is clear, fresh and mellow. The meat of chicken and soft-shelled turtle is tender, crisp and rotten, and rich in nutrition, which is the best in the banquet.

　　Its nutritional value can be imagined, and it is one of the good choices for people who need dietotherapy, such as malnutrition, chills, fatigue, irregular menstruation and anemia. But it doesn’t mean it is suitable for everyone. Please call a professional doctor for the specific operation ~

　　Well, that’s all for today’s "food report". Bring your eager stomach and feel the food culture of the Grand Canal!

　　A few days ago, the Ministry of Public Security announced that the crime of abducting and manipulating deaf people in 13 provinces involved was successfully solved. The public security organs of 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, including Sichuan, Chongqing, Jilin, Gansu and Liaoning, have carried out special centralized network-closing operations. Up to now, 464 suspects have been arrested, 75 criminal gangs have been destroyed, 98 abducted deaf-mute people have been rescued, and 859 illegal and criminal cases have been cracked.

　　In November last year, the public security organs in Changchun City, Jilin Province found in their work that criminal gangs led by Yang Jun abducted and manipulated deaf people to engage in illegal and criminal activities, and committed crimes in a wide area and involved many people. Under the coordination and command of the Ministry of Public Security, the Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department immediately set up a task force to arrest the people involved in the case in China, and Yang Jun, the main suspect of the gang, was arrested in Mianyang.

　　A few days ago, a reporter from Huaxi Dushi Bao met Yang Jun, who was detained in Mianyang Detention Center. This young man in his twenties looked very sunny. Through the on-the-spot communication with the sign language teacher, he told the story of his crime of abducting and manipulating the deaf after dropping out of college.

　　Deaf-mute college students drop out of school and use QQ group to form pickpockets.

　　On October 12th, Yang Jun, dressed in prison uniform, kept gesturing to reporters with sign language in Mianyang Detention Center, telling her experiences for so many years. According to Yang Jun, he used to be a deaf-mute student in a university in Chongqing. Because of his small circle of communication, he was afraid that he would not find a job in the future, so he dropped out of school and returned to Chengdu to start a street pickpocketing career. Yang Jun, who is physically strong and influential among the disabled pickpockets with him, was recommended as the leader. In 2014, Yang Jun and another partner, Yang Ning, who is also deaf and dumb, and Wang Qiang, a normal person, came up with the idea of forming a team to steal.

　　In order to strengthen their own team, Yang Jun and others used QQ group to release information to the deaf-mute disabled people in the group, saying that they could help introduce their work and get to know more disabled people and their partners through this group.

　　Yang Jun’s girlfriend Xue Yu met through QQ group. At the beginning of 2012, Xue Yu, a minor, found Yang Jun with a try attitude. At the beginning, because Xue Yu was young, when Yang Jun gang members stole, Xue Yu covered the periphery. "Our group can steal hundreds of dollars every day, but we have to hand them in for distribution." Xue Yu said that she made little contribution at that time and earned very little money.

　　Later, Xue Yucheng became Yang Jun’s girlfriend, so Yang Jun stopped letting her steal, and was responsible for keeping the money handed in by small gangs every day. According to Xue Yu, after becoming boyfriend and girlfriend with Yang Jun, Yang Jun took her to drive around and bought her many luxuries such as mink coats and LV bags.

　　Looking for a job, looking for a partner, these tempting information, let many deaf-mute people focus on it and join the gang of Yang Jun and others. "When we invite these disabled people, we always give them tickets first, and then give them tickets when they are satisfied ‘ Work ’ 。” Yang Junyong gestured in sign language.

　　Unified rental management "performance" is sent to other provinces

　　After these deaf-mute disabled people were deceived together, Yang Jun took away their ID cards and disability certificates, rented houses for them in a unified way, managed them in a unified way, and conducted training. After the training is completed, these people will be sent to stations, squares and other intensive places to steal, and the profits will be divided according to "performance".

　　Yang Jun said that Yang Ning, the fat man, was responsible for arranging the theft of their gang, and the person in charge of the area was appointed first, followed by the group leader. The pickpocketing team is a combination of old and new. One of them steals, the other covers, and the new recruits are led by the small leader, who learns pickpocketing experience while covering the periphery. "The people sent out depend on their luck. At most, a group can earn 2,000 yuan at a time."

　　Yang Jun and others, in the manipulation of gangs, also assigned experienced personnel to other places to steal, and then introduced foreign personnel to the local area. "It’s easy to manage and make them rely on us." Yang Jun said that those who failed to get the money for a long time would be kicked out of the team. According to Yang Jun’s account, this pickpocket gang has been growing and finally developed into a pickpocket gang for the deaf and dumb across 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, with more than 400 main members. There are more than 20 people just following Yang Jun, and their daily income is considerable.

　　Members are often threatened to "cut their throats" if they don’t listen.

　　Zhao Li, a 21-year-old from Shaanxi, is also a member of this gang. She got married in her hometown and gave birth to a healthy baby. A few years ago, Zhao Li, who had nothing to do at home, listened to a friend’s introduction and joined this criminal gang to take charge of the outer cover. And her superior Gao Cheng is the head of Yang Jun sent to other places. At the beginning of this year, Zhao Li’s son fell ill and was hospitalized. His parents told her about his illness through WeChat, and asked her to go home and visit him.

　　Zhao Li told Gao Cheng, her head, the idea of going home, but Hu Zi, another member of the gang, refused to return her ID card and disability certificate to Zhao Li. "Without these things, I can’t even go home to buy a ticket."

　　Zhao Li begged several times before he got his certificate. After going home to visit her children and parents, she quickly ran out of money and joined the pickpocket gang again. In September this year, when she committed a crime with gang members in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, she was arrested by the local police.

　　According to Zhao Li, front-line personnel like her are often threatened by the people above, and when their performance is not satisfactory, they can’t have a full meal. For deaf people who want to escape, the backbone of the gang will be beaten by threats of violence. "They often use gestures such as cutting their throats to threaten deaf people who are disobedient." Zhao Li said that compared with the physical trauma, the psychological damage of the deaf-mutes who were cheated into the partnership was particularly serious.

　　Being escorted to Mianyang Detention Center, Zhao Li shed tears when he was interrogated by the police. She gestured with her hand that she missed her children and her parents. If she could go back in time, she would never do pickpocketing again.

　　The police jointly collected the net and found LV handbags and other items.

　　In November last year, the public security organs in Changchun City, Jilin Province found in their work that criminal gangs led by Yang Jun abducted and manipulated deaf people to engage in illegal and criminal activities, and committed crimes in a wide area and involved many people. After the case was reported, the Ministry of Public Security attached great importance to it, set up a task force to investigate the case, and deployed public security organs in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, including Sichuan and Jilin, to carry out their work along the line. With the deepening of investigation, the public security organs have gradually sorted out the activity tracks and laws of several criminal gangs and mastered the relevant criminal facts.

　　After the network was closed, the arresting group found that these people had strong anti-detection ability because of various trainings. "Once they find something unusual, they will immediately transfer. Many old policemen in the detachment have been discovered by them several times." Chen Feihu, a policeman from the Criminal Investigation Detachment of Mianyang Public Security Bureau, said.

　　As the leader of the gang, Yang Jun was ready to escape at this time. On October 7th, when Yang Jun and others packed expensive items such as LV handbags and prepared to escape, they were stopped by the task force. In the rental house in Yang Jun, the police found LV handbags, mink coats and other items, as well as car tools ready to escape.

　　Suspect confessed

　　Novices in each group every day.

　　Steal 2000 to 3000 yuan

　　With the continuous arrest of the core members of the gang, the organizational structure of this criminal gang and the means of violent control of deaf-mute people have gradually surfaced.

　　"Novices need to steal from 2,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan per group every day, while skilled thieves have a daily goal of 10,000 yuan. If they fail to achieve their goals, they will have to beat and scold. Only by stealing enough indicators and stealing more can you have a good meal and see meat. " Thinking of that unforgettable past, Pang Mou, the abducted disabled person, burst into tears.

　　In the previous investigation, the public security organs found that the gang was closely organized and had a clear division of labor, and it was managed by a special person from top to bottom. "The gang level is clear, the gang leader can fly by plane and high-speed rail, and others can only travel by train. Deaf-mute people will be taken away by the backbone and leader of the gang every day, and they can’t leave a penny. " Wang Wantao, political commissar of Mianyang Criminal Investigation Detachment, said.

　　Dialogue with Yang

　　Worried about being eliminated by society

　　Finally took a detour.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao: Why did you go from stealing to abducting and manipulating deaf people?

　　Yang Jun: I am a deaf-mute disabled person. I seldom communicate with normal people at ordinary times, and the sign language of deaf-mute people can’t be understood by outsiders. It is these reasons that make me think that I will be eliminated by society and finally embark on the road of pickpocketing. In the process of stealing, I often encounter being beaten, being discriminated against by normal people, and my reputation in the circle has become bigger, so I began to recruit deaf-mute disabled people to steal.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao: You are a disabled person, and you recruited disabled people. Why do you want to exploit them?

　　Yang Jun: We need money to rent them a house and provide them with training. Therefore, every time they steal, we will ask them to pay a certain percentage.

　　Huaxi Dushi Bao: Disabled people deserve sympathy, but you use them as a tool to collect money. Have you ever felt guilty about doing so?

　　Yang Jun: After several days of introspection, I also realized my mistakes. Disabled people need care from all walks of life, but I took them astray when they needed care most. They were rescued this time, and I hope they can get out of the shadows.

　　(The suspects in the article are all pseudonyms)

　　[Appreciation of car home Movie Cars] Fast & Furious 9, who skipped the ticket several times because of the epidemic, was finally released today. As an old fan, I have finished watching it. Now I will give you an inventory of the key models appearing in Super 9. Still the same principle-try not to spoil it, lest the friends who haven’t had time to go to the cinema curse the street …

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JEEP grand Cherokee SRT

　　At the beginning of the film, the most eye-catching vehicle turned out to be the 2017 Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT, and the poor Roman appeared in this SUV equipped with a 6.4LHEMI V8 supercharged engine. This car was once called "the strongest SUV", and the second generation model was introduced to the China market. The huge body comes with many high-performance configurations, coupled with the sound of a high-powered 8-cylinder supercharged engine, it is definitely a very typical American high-performance luxury SUV.

　　There are very few versions of Grand Cherokee SRT introduced by parallel import in China. At present, there is only one car on the platform of used car home, which was licensed in 2012, with a mileage of 120,000 kilometers and a price of 345,000 yuan.

Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat Widebody

　　In the opening car chase, Dom’s "work car" is a Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat Widebody. Unfamiliar friends should not underestimate this sporty car. It is equipped with a HEMI 6.2L supercharged engine with a maximum power of over 700 HP, equipped with a wide-body kit and a front 6-piston Brembo brake caliper … It is a veritable American sports car.

　　Dodge Charger came out in 1964, and after five generations, it exists in a small number in China. Everyone is deeply impressed by the police car version of the fourth generation model. Charger is deeply loved by sports car consumers in the United States. The minimum configuration price starts from $30,000, and the maximum power of the charger equipped with a 3.6V6 engine is close to 300 horsepower.

　　Compared with its brother Challenger, Dodge Charger has a much smaller quantity in China, and most of them are introduced as 3.6L models. At present, new cars cannot be licensed in most first-and second-tier cities because of emissions. There is a car for sale on the platform of the used car house. It will be licensed in 2020, with a mileage of 40,000 kilometers and a price of 695,000 yuan.

Ford Mustang

　　As for Dom’s "rival" director, he is very good at choosing his car, a (|) GT350, which belongs to the same level of competition as Dom’s Dodge Charger. Everyone is still used to calling it "Wild Horse", and its reputation is much bigger than that of Charger. Born in the golden age of the United States (1960s), Ford Mustang became an instant hit after its listing. At that time, young Americans fell in love with this pony at once. It not only has the soul of a traditional large-displacement sports car, but also has a smaller body size, which makes consumers feel refreshed.

　　The success of Ford Mustang made Ford see the future of this car, but by the third generation, Mustang’s design completely changed people’s impression and became the most unpopular Ford Mustang in history. After entering the 1990s, Mustang "returned" and gradually regained the trust of consumers, so that the fifth-generation model launched in 2005 instantly ignited the enthusiasm of fans, which can be said to be a brilliant generation of Ford Mustang after the first generation.

　　The Ford Mustang GT350 with the same model in the film may not be easy to find in China, but there are still some models of V8 5.0L There are many listed on the platform of used car house, and the price is between 400,000 and 750,000 yuan according to different years. If you don’t consider the depreciation rate, you can buy a real V8 large-displacement American performance car for about 500,000 yuan, which is still very fragrant.

Yamaha YZ450F

　　The powerful heroine Letty Ortiz’s car in this episode is mainly a motorcycle. Not long after the beginning of the film, Letty rode on a Harley-Davidson sports series Iron 883 and left coolly. The real focus is a modified YZ450F, with the round headlights, short front tiles and seats changed, which makes this professional off-road vehicle go retro.

　　Although the appearance of this car has been greatly modified in the play, it is still easy to distinguish that it is a YZ450F equipped with a 449cc water-cooled engine according to the golden front vibration damping (KYB) and the radiator tank and the rear fork in front of the fuel tank. Yamaha developed this four-stroke off-road vehicle in the late 1990s in order to compete against a 250cc two-stroke vehicle.

Jeep gladiator

　　Teerjia, a more reliable black friend than Roman, drove a modified Gladiator in herdsman, which was developed based on the current JL and officially launched in 2019. In fact, the original Gladiator was launched in 1962, which was also based on the change of military vehicles. It was not until 2005 that Gladiator was launched again, and the real mass production was cash JT.

　　Usually, pickup trucks are mostly used as work trucks in the United States, while JEEP Gladiator is a pickup truck with outstanding off-road performance. It has the same COMMAND-TRAC four-wheel drive system as Sahara. Although it is not as powerful as Rubicon’s ROCK-TRAC, its off-road performance is still very strong compared with general off-road vehicles and pickup trucks. Combined with the attributes of pickup trucks, this Gladiator is really outstanding in terms of value and performance after modification!

Recently, heavy rain has hit many provinces and cities in southern China. I believe what you hear most in the report is "affected by El Ni? o", but do you know how El Ni? o affects the weather? How should we deal with the rainstorm to ensure our own safety to the maximum extent? In this issue, follow Xiaobian to learn science to answer your questions!

With the south wind blowing continuously from the South China Sea to the mainland, it marks the beginning of the rainy season in China. From the end of March this year, South China entered the first flood season, nearly 16 days earlier than before. According to the news of China Meteorological Bureau, there have been 17 times of heavy precipitation in the south since the flood season. The monitoring shows that the precipitation in southern China is obviously higher than that in previous years. The precipitation in the whole southern region is generally higher by 25%-100%, and even reaches 100%-200% in some areas.

Figure 1 Precipitation in eastern China in April compared with the same period of previous years (percentage)

Taking Guangzhou as an example, the cumulative precipitation in Guangzhou from March 6, 2016 to June 1 has been nearly 300 mm more than in previous years, and nearly 50% more than in normal years. As can be seen from the figure, there was a sudden increase in precipitation at the end of March (between March 16 and March 21), because South China, where Guangzhou is located, entered the pre-flood season, and the precipitation in Guangzhou was obviously higher after the start of the pre-flood season.

Fig. 2 precipitation in Guangzhou compared with normal years

The so-called pre-flood season in South China refers to the rainy period in South China, which starts from the end of March and early April and ends around June. It usually marks the beginning of the summer rainy season in the whole China monsoon region. During this period, cold and warm air meet in opposition, and besides rainstorm, there are often strong convective weather phenomena such as thunderstorm, gale and hail.

What needs to be known is that the most important weather system affecting China is the western Pacific subtropical high, which is referred to as "western Pacific subtropical high" for short or directly called "subtropical high". The west side of the subtropical high will guide the water vapor northward, while the northern boundary of the subtropical high is often connected with the cold air southward, so the position of the subtropical high often determines the position of the rain belt. The movement time and advance and retreat speed of subtropical high determine the movement time and advance and retreat speed of rain belt.

During the first flood season in South China, the northern boundary of the subtropical high is located in the coastal area of South China. The subtropical high and the southwest jet in the westerly trough of the south branch jointly transport warm and humid air over South China. Before the cold air goes south, the warm and humid air accumulates in South China, which makes the air humidity gradually increase and the air gradually reach saturation, forming dew on the ground and walls. This is the "returning to the south sky" in South China.

The intersection of cold and warm air masses is called "front", and when the "front" lingers and moves less, it is called "quasi-static". When the cold air in the north continues to go south, it conflicts fiercely with the warm and humid airflow, forming a quasi-static front, which is called "the quasi-static front in South China".

At this time, because the subtropical high can’t go northward immediately because of the blocking of cold air, it stagnates in South China, and there will be a continuous precipitation weather process in South China, which is the first flood season in South China.

In the first flood season in South China, due to the frequent cold air activities and the water vapor can’t completely go north, the precipitation in North China is often less, and high temperature and dry weather often occur. This is the spring drought in North China. During this period, the weather situation of flooding in the south and drought in the north often occurs in China.

In late June, the southern part of China is usually in summer, and the subtropical high gradually becomes stronger, and the subtropical high will gradually move northward and stagnate in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The quasi-static front on the ground will gradually move northward to the Jianghuai area, forming the so-called quasi-static front in Jianghuai. During this period, there will be a continuous precipitation weather process in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the prestigious Jianghuai Meiyu, and the quasi-static front of Jianghuai is also called "Meiyu Front".

In fact, in addition to China, the continuous precipitation weather processes in the same period in South Korea and Japan are also called Meiyu, and they are called Meiyu together with Jianghuai Meiyu. Internationally, Meiyu sometimes directly refers to the summer and rainy season precipitation in East Asia, and that quasi-static front is directly called Meiyu front.

However, in some years, when it is in the pre-flood season in South China, the subtropical high will sometimes suddenly move northward to the Yangtze River basin, and the rain belt will also move northward to the Yangtze River basin, and the precipitation in South China will have a stagnant period. However, there will be a weather process similar to plum rain in the Jianghuai basin, which is called "early plum rain". For example, in late May of this year (2016), the Yangtze River Basin experienced an early rainy weather process. At that time, the Yangtze River Basin did not enter summer, but there was a continuous rainy weather process similar to Meiyu, which was actually the reason why the subtropical high suddenly moved northward. The biggest difference between early Meiyu and Meiyu is that after the early Meiyu, the subtropical high will retreat to South China again, and the rainy area will return to South China again; After the Meiyu process, the subtropical high will continue to move northward to North China, forming a rainy season in North China.

After the Meiyu, the subtropical high moved north and North China entered the rainy season. At this time, South China will be re-controlled by the tropical system going northward with the subtropical high, and there will be a wave of precipitation concentration period, which is called the late flood season in South China. During this period, North China and South China entered the flood season, while the Yangtze River basin was located in the subtropical high, and entered the summer drought period, so the precipitation situation in the whole country easily became a "waterlogging-drought-waterlogging" model.

Since last year, the public has generally heard the news of El Ni? o, and El Ni? o has also made 2015 the hottest year since the temperature record was recorded in 1880. The appearance of El Nino will make the sea water temperature in the eastern Pacific rise. However, due to the weakening of the easterly wind, it is difficult for the warm sea water in the eastern Pacific to spread westward to the northwest Pacific, while the sea water in the northwest Pacific will be relatively cold, which will lead to the weakening of convection and the weakening of the western Pacific subtropical high, which usually occurs in the year after El Ni? o. According to this El Ni? o, the next year of El Ni? o is 2016. The weakening of the subtropical high will lead to the lack of motivation to go north, which means that the time of staying in the south will become longer, and the time of continuous precipitation in the southern basin may also become longer, which is prone to flood disasters.

For example, 1998 was also the year after El Nino. At that time, there was a big flood in the Yangtze River basin, and the people in the Yangtze River basin experienced a difficult period of fighting floods. The intensity of El Nino this time was the same as or slightly weaker than that in 1998. With the continuous improvement and development of national flood control facilities, the people have a strong flood protection. Although it may not be the same as in 1998, it is also necessary to learn from history. In order to prevent the historical disaster from repeating itself, we need to be vigilant.

When heavy precipitation weather occurs, stay away from low-lying areas. People in mountainous areas need to guard against geological disasters such as landslides, do not wade reluctantly, stay away from rivers, embankments and other areas, and go to safe areas in time when danger is found. Similarly, it is also necessary to pay close attention to the official information released by meteorological departments and flood control departments, take a responsible attitude towards the safety of their own lives and property, cooperate with the disaster prevention measures of government departments, and follow the instructions to evacuate in time when they are in dangerous areas.

Note: In this paper, the precipitation anomaly map in the eastern region is drawn by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA), and the precipitation in Guangzhou region is drawn by the National Climate Prediction Center (CPC). Meteorological data required for mapping are provided by the observation stations participating in the global exchange of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).

The article was produced by China, a popular science student, and was authorized to be published in the column "Learning Science with Xiaobian" of CCTV. Please indicate the source for reprinting.

Production: Mobei

Producer: computer network information center

　　In recent years, it has been found that fluorescent brighteners are very harmful to human health, and cosmetics containing fluorescent brighteners have attracted widespread attention for a time. So, is fluorescent whitening agent really that terrible?

　　What is a fluorescent whitening agent?

　　Let’s get to know the fluorescent whitening agent first. It is a kind of fluorescent dye, which belongs to a separate category in the Colour Index (C.I．). The molecular structure of fluorescent whitening agent is mainly composed of a continuous conjugated system containing aromatic rings and one or more substituents. The special chemical structure enables it to absorb ultraviolet rays invisible to the naked eye, and then stimulate visible fluorescence (usually blue or blue-purple), which can make up for the lack of blue light in the reflected light of yellowish white objects, enhance the reflected light in the blue band, improve the whiteness and brightness of white objects to the naked eye, and make the brightness of colored objects brighter and more pleasing. This characteristic of fluorescent whitening agent has made it develop rapidly in the fields of textiles, paper, washing products, plastics and so on, and is considered as one of the three great achievements in the dye industry in the late 20th century.

　　At present, there are more than 15 structural types of fluorescent brighteners produced all over the world, and more than 1000 commercial fluorescent brighteners are available. According to different structures, fluorescent brighteners can be divided into stilbene type, benzoxazole type, pyrazoline type, coumarin type, naphthalimide type and other types. Among them, stilbene fluorescent whitening agent is the fastest growing branch.

　　The safety of fluorescent whitening agent is closely related to its structure, so it cannot be generalized. Different industrial fields have clear requirements for the use of fluorescent brighteners, so consumers don’t have to think that fluorescent brighteners are unsafe as soon as they hear them. For example, the "Fluorescent Brightener for Detergents" (QB/T2953-2008) stipulates that stilbene biphenyl and bis-triazine amino stilbene fluorescent brighteners can be added in the production of various detergents for clothing.

　　As early as 1999, CEFIC and European Detergent Association (A.I.S.E) started the project "Human and Environmental Risk Assessment of Household Cleaning Products in Europe" (HERA), and completed the safety assessment and risk assessment of stilbene fluorescent brighteners commonly used in laundry detergents, such as fluorescent brightener 71. The conclusion is that it will not cause adverse effects on human body and environment.

　　China’s food industry stipulates that it is strictly forbidden to artificially add fluorescent whitening agents in the processing of food and related products. However, because some natural plant materials such as bamboo contain fluorescent substances themselves, it may be inevitable to bring trace fluorescent substances into packaging materials, but their residues should be strictly controlled.

　　What kind of cosmetics are easy to contain fluorescent whitening agents?

　　Affected by the safety problems of fluorescent whitening agents in cosmetics reported by some media in recent years, more and more consumers began to pay attention to this problem. According to incomplete statistics, fluorescent whitening agents that can be found in EU cosmetic raw material database include fluorescent whitening agent 184, fluorescent whitening agent 230, fluorescent whitening agent 236, fluorescent whitening agent 264, fluorescent whitening agent 351, fluorescent whitening agent 367 and fluorescent whitening agent 393, which indicates that these raw materials may have been applied to cosmetics. Among them, fluorescent whitening agent 351 has been included in China’s Catalogue of Used Cosmetic Raw Materials (2015 edition).

　　Fluorescent brighteners may be used in cream, cream, emulsion, nail polish, facial mask and other products, which makes the appearance of cosmetics after adding more white and crystal clear. Because optical brighteners are mainly used to improve the appearance of products, their use in cosmetics is neither necessary nor common, and the dosage will not be too large. Some media reported that the problem of detecting fluorescent whitening agent in cosmetics focused on mask products. The main reason is that fluorescent whitening agents are added to mask carriers such as non-woven fabrics, or the carriers made of natural plant fibers contain fluorescent substances. China’s "Technical Specification for Cosmetic Safety" (2015 edition) stipulates that packaging materials that come into direct contact with cosmetics should be safe, and must not react with cosmetics, and must not migrate or release toxic and harmful substances that are harmful to human body.

　　So, is the mask used in the carrier or containing fluorescent whitening agent safe? This requires a scientific safety assessment based on product characteristics. Specific to the mask, the factors to be considered include whether the carrier is safe or not; Whether the fluorescent whitening agent will migrate from the carrier and attach to the skin surface during the use of the mask; How much will remain on the skin according to the way of use, whether it will be absorbed by the skin, and whether it will accumulate in the human body after absorption.

　　According to the existing knowledge, there are few reports on the migration of fluorescent whitening agent, and we can’t know whether the fluorescent whitening agent will migrate from the mask carrier, but it is difficult for the fluorescent whitening agent to be absorbed through the skin (unless there is a wound on the skin and the normal barrier function is destroyed), so even a small amount of migration will have little impact on human health. Scientific experiments show that if there is a wound on the skin, the fluorescent whitening agent will combine with protein in the human body through the wound, which will hinder the wound healing. Therefore, it is not recommended to use cosmetics that may contain fluorescent whitening agents when the skin is damaged.

　　How to detect fluorescent brighteners in cosmetics

　　When it comes to the detection of fluorescent brighteners, the first thing that people think of is to use a money detector to illuminate, which is the ultraviolet lamp method. Because the principle of fluorescent whitening agent is that the blue light excited by ultraviolet light neutralizes the yellow light, it can be judged whether the object emits blue fluorescence by direct irradiation with ultraviolet light. This method is very simple and can be used by ordinary consumers, but it also has certain limitations. Because this method can only tell you that the product has "fluorescence" phenomenon, it can’t prove that fluorescent whitening agent is definitely added, and it can’t prove what is added and what is the content. Of course, it is helpful for ordinary consumers to avoid buying products containing fluorescent substances.

　　The second method is ultraviolet spectrophotometry, which requires professional instruments and equipment. By measuring the amount of light absorbed by different fluorescent whitening agents, the content is determined by comparing with the standard. This method can accurately determine the content of fluorescent whitening agent, provided that we know what fluorescent whitening agent is used. The equipment used in this method is cheap and easy to operate, and it can be used for product detection in enterprises. However, the cosmetic matrix is very complex and easy to interfere, so it is risky to detect unknown products and should not be popularized.

　　The third method is molecular fluorescence spectrophotometry, which determines the type and content of fluorescent whitening agent according to the reflected light intensity and wavelength. However, the fluorescent whitening agent needs to be separated from the product before the determination, so it is not suitable for cosmetics with complex matrix as the second method, and is more suitable for determining the type of fluorescent whitening agent used in raw materials.

　　The fourth method is high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which separates the pre-treated samples by chromatography, detects them with a suitable detector, and accurately quantifies them according to the corresponding fluorescent whitening agent standard. The detection cost of this method is high, and it is suitable for accurate quantification of specific fluorescent brighteners in complex matrix in professional inspection institutions. However, if conventional ultraviolet or fluorescence detectors are used, it will have certain limitations to determine unknown fluorescent brighteners. If mass spectrometry detector is used, the separation, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of fluorescent whitening agent can be realized at the same time, and the instrument has high sensitivity, which is very suitable for qualitative confirmation and quantitative analysis of unknown fluorescent whitening agent in complex matrix.

　　To sum up, the probability of containing fluorescent whitening agent in cosmetics is extremely low, and even the products containing fluorescent whitening agent are not necessarily unsafe, and they are all safe under normal dosage, so consumers should keep a good attitude.

　　(Author: Zhu Ying, Institute of Environmental and Health-related Product Safety, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

Disclaimer: The list only ranks the price of new cars. So we don’t count auction cars like Ferrari 250 GTO, or overpriced used cars. But don’t worry, there are hundreds of millions of cars here to satisfy your appetite.

Lamborghini Countach LPI 800-4 is a mid-engine hybrid sports car.

The car was unveiled on August 14, 2021. It is a replica of Countach launched 50 years ago. In terms of power, it is a hybrid powertrain based on Sián FKP 37.

Now Countach LPI 800-4 has been delivered, and it is also a series that you can’t come if you like, because its limited number of 112 units was sold out in less than a week.

If you have heard the name Gordon Murray, you must be a die-hard fan of McLaren, because he is the man behind McLaren F1 design.

Now, Mr. Murray has also jumped out to start a business, and the handsome T.50 is equivalent to the crown jewel of his company. At the same time, you can also see a lot of McLaren F1 shadows on this car, such as the most obvious three-seat layout.

T.50 costs $3 million. Its biggest selling point is that its naturally aspirated 4.0-liter V12 weighs only 392 pounds. It is the lightest V12 engine on the road today and can output 654 horsepower.

In September, 2020, aston martin released the Victor based on the One-77, which was designed by Kaize "Ken" Zheng, the designer of Aston Martin Lagunda, and was unveiled at Hampton Stadium in 2020.

It has an engine similar to the V12 of the One-77. After being modified by Coworth Company, it can now produce 836 bhp and 606 lb-ft of torque. Unlike the One-77, it has a manual gearbox, which makes it the most powerful Aston Martin equipped with a manual gearbox, and it also makes its price reach 3 million US dollars.

Koenigsegg Jesko is the fastest and most expensive car made by Koenigsegg so far. At the same time, the name Jesko is a tribute to Jesko von Koenigsegg, the father of the founder of the company.

This performance ghost, which sells for $3 million, burns E85 biofuel. Its twin-turbocharged 5.0-liter V8 engine can output 1,600 horsepower, and its top speed can reach 300 miles per hour.

A few years ago, it also landed on Top Gear in Hong Kong, and the title of the magazine was Sweden’s madness. You can imagine how crazy this car is.

This sports car is a track version jointly developed by aston martin and F1 Red Bull Racing Team, and because it can legally go on the road, it has won the title of the fastest street legal car in the world. As the first ultimate sports car in aston martin, Valkyrie produced only 150 cars.

Valkyrie Valkyria was originally code-named Nebula, which is an acronym for Neway, Red Bull and aston martin. However, the name AM-RB 001 was chosen as the original code name, because AM stands for aston martin and RB stands for Red Bull, and 001 may mean that it is the first production car that they cooperated with.

It was not until March 2017 that aston martin named this car Valkyrie after the Nordic mythical figures. According to Red Bull, the name was chosen to continue the tradition of naming aston martin cars as "V" and to define vehicles as high-performance cars.

With the endorsement of Neway God and F1 Red Bull Racing Team, this Valkyrie Valkyria was sold out before it even went on the market. But for how much it costs, aston martin has not officially released the pricing. It is estimated that the price of this super sports car may go to $3.25 million.

In terms of power, the car is equipped with a 6.5-liter naturally aspirated V12 engine customized by Coworth, which can generate about 1,000 horsepower at 10,500 rpm. This will make it the most powerful naturally aspirated engine ever installed on a production car.

This Bugatti Chiron Pur Sport, with a starting price of $3.6 million, is a special version of Chiron launched by Bugatti at the Geneva Motor Show, with a limited number of 60 vehicles worldwide. Compared with the ordinary version of Chiron, it improves aerodynamics, weight loss and power distribution.

In terms of power, after being equipped with the same 8.0-liter four-turbocharged W16 engine as the ordinary Chiron, it readjusted its gearbox, and now 80% of the gearbox has been modified to be closer to the gear ratio distribution of 15%, which has increased its speed red line by 200 revolutions. The red line has also increased to 6900 rpm.

At the same time, Pur Sport also has a more aerodynamic front panel and a larger tail.

Lykan HyperSport is the first self-designed limited-edition sports car in Lebanon, although its body, chassis and engine are all produced in Germany and assembled in Italy.

If you feel a little familiar with this car, please don’t doubt yourself. This is the car you saw flying down from Dubai Tower in Speed and furious 7.

One of the reasons why it is so expensive is that it used 420 15-carat diamonds to embed its titanium alloy LED headlights. There is also a twin-turbocharged 3.7-liter six-cylinder engine that can generate 780 horsepower and 960 Nm of torque under its hood.

Sián was released on September 3, 2019. The name Sián comes from Bologna, which means lightning. Although it was developed based on Daniel SVJ, it is the first hybrid production car produced by Lamborghini.

In addition to the 6.5-liter V12 engine from Daniel SVJ, Sian also uses a 48-volt light hybrid system. The total output is 819 horsepower, which makes it the most powerful Lamborghini ever.

Finally, just like the 63 stickers printed on both sides of Sian’s tail, Lamborghini will only produce 63 Sians, and finally its price per unit will be set at 3.7 million US dollars, which makes its price per unit much higher than that of Daniel SVJ.

Huayra Roadster BC was launched in July 2019 and is a convertible version of Huarya BC. It has the same aerodynamic package as BC, but it is equipped with a new 6.0-liter twin-turbocharged V12 engine, which provides this sports car with 50 more horsepower than Huarya BC.

In addition to the joy of hearing the wonderful engine sound without the roof, the owner who bought it should also be gratified by the limited number of 40 cars in the world. Because it is priced at $4 million each, it is an absolute wealth management product.

Lamborghini Veneno is a high-performance limited-edition sports car developed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Lamborghini. Lamborghini only manufactured 14 Veneno between 2014 and 2015. The cost of each car was about $4 million, making it one of the most expensive production cars in the world at that time.

In terms of power, Veneno installed a more powerful iterative version than Daniel’s 6.5-liter V12 engine, and now it can produce 740 horsepower and 609 Nm of torque, and the 100-kilometer acceleration performance has also increased to 2.9 seconds. To this day, it is also the most expensive Lamborghini ever.

Simply put, this car is a convertible version of the spicy method. Shortly after the debut of La Fa, Ferrari unveiled the Aperta model, a $4.5 million cool convertible with the same 950 HP hybrid V12 engine as the first edition of La Fa. The difference is that the limited edition of 200 sets was sold out immediately after it went on the market, while the spicy method was sold out for about 2 years.

Bugatti Bolide is a sports car focusing on track day, which was developed and manufactured by Bugatti Automobiles SAS and Bugatti Engineering GmbH in Wolfsburg. Bolide’s name comes from the word le bolide, which means "racing" in French.

The price of this 1824 horsepower supercar is as high as $4,713,600. At the same time, Bugatti also announced that Bolide will be the last car made with W16 engine. It has more power than Chiron Super Sport 300+, and its body is more extreme. And according to Bugatti, Bolide can run a lap of newberg Forest Circuit in 5 minutes and 23 seconds, which is only 4 seconds slower than the current record holder.

Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+ is a special edition Chiron produced to celebrate Chiron who broke the speed record of 300 miles per hour some time ago. Compared with the standard Chiron, its changes include a more powerful engine, higher speed and a carbon fiber body with orange stripes.

The output of Super Sport 300+ is limited to 30 vehicles. Although it has the speed label of 300+ in its name, Bugatti also uses a speed limiter to limit its maximum speed to 277 mph. But without a limiter, Bugatti claims that the car’s top speed can exceed 483 kilometers per hour.

Bugatti Divo was named after the French racer Albert Divo, who once competed for Bugatti in 1920 and won Targa Florio twice.

Although it looks like the cheaper standard Chiron, Divo has many places to justify the extra money. For example, it is 77 pounds lighter than Chiron by adding lighter wheels and carbon fiber intercoolers.

Although the power has not changed compared with Chiron’s 1500 horsepower, Divo adopts different aerodynamic settings, which makes it 8 seconds faster on the Nardo test track. Bugatti is making 40 Bugatti Divo, each worth $5.8 million.

Finally, we saw the works of "Small Workshop" again, but this SP Automotive Chaos is not simple. It is the first Ultra Car in the world, with a horsepower of 3,065 horses. It only takes 1.55 seconds to break 100, and the top speed can reach 500 kilometers per hour! The key point is that its appearance has directly set new records in the world, and even the car has been defeated!

Finally, this Chaos, which was built by SP Automotive in Greece, was limited to 20 vehicles worldwide, and the price also went to 6.4 million US dollars.

Unlike the supercar at the top of the list, this Exelero, which was launched by Mercedes Maibakh in 2005, entered the list as a luxury coupe. The particularity of this car is that it has only one car in the world, and it was born because it was originally made by Goodyear’s German subsidiary Fulda to test tires.

Maibakh Exelero was sold for $8 million at that time. Supporting such an expensive price also meant that it had powerful performance, so it was equipped with a V12 twin-turbo engine under the hood, with a maximum horsepower of 690 horsepower and a top speed of 351.45 kilometers per hour.

According to Top Gear, this car was bought by rapper Birdman for $8 million in 2011.

Now, this car belongs to Mechatronik (a company specializing in the repair and sales of classic cars in Meiben). With inflation and the scarcity of only one car in the world, it is now estimated that its value has exceeded $10 million.

Two years ago, Bugatti launched a limited edition of 10 Centodieci at the Pebble Beach Auto Show, with a price of 9 million US dollars. This car is a tribute to Bugatti EB110 and also to celebrate the 110th anniversary of the birth of Bugatti brand.

The biggest feature of this car is its appearance. For example, this pony-hoofed radiator grille, which is very similar to EB110, and the flat headlights that extend to the sharp groove at the end of the hood are very sharp.

The rear of the car is composed of two unique in-line double-outlet tailpipes and horizontal dynamic taillights, which presents an impressive visual appearance.

Sweptail is the only limited-edition car in the world based on the Rolls-Royce Phantom Coupe, which took four years to build by hand, and the estimated price is 12.8 million US dollars. This was the most expensive new car in the world at that time, and it was not until 2019 that it was surpassed by the $18 million Bugatti La Voiture Noire.

Since it is a Rolls-Royce, the luxury of its interior is naturally full, and it uses high-grade wood and various glass ornaments.

At the same time, there is also a champagne cup/cup holder design that can automatically rise, which is completely made according to the standards of art.

This performance beast debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in 2019, which took a total of 65,000 working hours to build. In addition to lengthening the wheelbase, it also adopts a brand-new carbon fiber body and black high-gloss car paint.

In addition to the carbon fiber designed by Bugatti designer Etienne Salomé, this car has a slender nose and a slender rear similar to Bugatti Divo in appearance. Other notable features include unique rearview mirrors, LED taillights and wheels, and a "dorsal fin" similar to the Bugatti 57 SC that extends from the front of the car to the rear spoiler.

The power part is equipped with Chiron’s 8.0-liter four-turbocharged W16 engine, which provides a powerful output of up to 1,479 horsepower. Worst of all, this Bugatti La Voiture Noire has reached $18 million after tax, which is comparable to several luxury houses running on the road, and it is by no means a yi pin that ordinary people can play with.

Yes, at present, the most expensive new car in the world is the Rolls-Royce Boat Tail. The first owner of this car is a mysterious man from the United States and his wife. They customized this Rolls-Royce Boat Tail for $28 million, making it the most expensive car in the world. As the name suggests, the Boat Tail, which is about six meters long, is like a luxury yacht that can sail on land.

Of course, the reason why it is so aloof lies in its back. There is a butterfly wing shaped tail box cover that can be opened by pressing a button. At the same time, it is equipped with a special Hosting Suite protocol suite that took nine months to develop.

In this concierge suite, one side is equipped with two refrigerators and cup holders, while the other side can be placed with light snacks and a fan for preservation.

At the same time, a sunshade can be raised in the middle of the two tail box covers, and even two stools that are ordinary but luxurious can be taken out.

In terms of power, the car shares the chassis and engine with Rolls-Royce Phantom, but the difference is that it has 1813 extra customized parts, including five electronic control units on the back deck.

Of course, this is not just a super luxury car. Rolls-Royce said that the launch of Boat Tail represents the future direction of the entire luxury goods industry. It shows collectors the great new possibility of creating unique luxury amusement facilities, in which the body and interior are completely customized according to their personal specifications.

Well, that’s our complete list of the 20 most expensive cars in the world. Have you all guessed?