The new Newcastle disease vaccine with gene VII is the first Newcastle disease vaccine with independent intellectual property rights in China, and it is also the first vaccine to effectively prevent and control Newcastle disease in geese, which can simultaneously prevent Newcastle disease in chickens and geese. At the beginning of this year, this achievement won the second prize of the National Technology Invention Award at the 2019 National Science and Technology Awards Conference.

　　Leading this work is Liu Xiufan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering and a professor at Yangzhou University. He believes that human health, animal health and ecological environment health are a whole, and we need to practice the concept of "one health".

　　Half a century of scientific research, "fighting" with animal diseases

　　Liu Xiufan, who is 79 years old this year, still shows amazing scientific research creativity. He graduated from Subei Agricultural College in 1965, majoring in veterinary medicine, and has been "fighting" with animal diseases for more than half a century.

　　One winter day in 1965, three cows "Baobei" of a production team in gaoyou county, Jiangsu Province suffered from organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, which made them seriously ill. After the diagnosis, Liu Xiufan, who just graduated and stayed in school, quickly removed the pesticides from the cattle and gave an antidote. A few days later, the poisoned cow recovered. "This is my first home visit after graduation. Simple farmers will not express their gratitude with too many words, but just hold my hand tightly and refuse to let go." Liu Xiufan said.

　　In 1980, Liu Xiufan was selected by the Ministry of Education to go to the United States for further study, and successively studied veterinary biotechnology at Michigan State University and the Poultry Research Institute of the US Department of Agriculture. "When I first arrived in the United States, the director of the International Exchange Center, who helped me with the formalities, saw my resume and said that you studied veterinary medicine, so he called me Doctor and called other visiting scholars Mister." It was only this little bit unusual that made Liu Xiufan feel very happy at that time: "In foreign countries, veterinary medicine is a very respected profession, and it is great to study veterinary medicine."

　　In addition to taking courses related to veterinary medicine, Liu Xiufan also specializes in the study of monoclonal antibodies against Marek’s disease in chickens. "In the end, I successfully developed a monoclonal antibody against Marek’s disease in chickens, which became the standard reagent for international serotyping." Liu Xiufan said that in less than three years after returning to China, he took the lead in applying monoclonal antibody technology to the research and control of animal diseases. "More than 100 kinds of monoclonal antibodies with different epitopes of seven pathogens such as Marek’s disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and avian influenza virus have been developed. The study of monoclonal antibodies not only fills the gap in China, but also reaches the advanced level of similar research in the world. "

　　"Newcastle disease, commonly known as chicken plague, is one of the two most serious infectious diseases that endanger the global poultry industry, just like highly pathogenic avian influenza." Liu Xiufan said that the incidence and mortality of Newcastle disease is as high as 100%, and it has been listed as a legally reported animal disease by the World Organization for Animal Health.

　　Liu Xiufan said that vaccine immunization is an important method to prevent and control Newcastle disease. The infection rate of Newcastle disease virus in chickens in China is high, and all chickens are vaccinated at high frequency. The most widely used is the gene II LaSota vaccine introduced from abroad. "However, since the 1990s, the epidemic characteristics of Newcastle disease in China have changed greatly, and atypical Newcastle disease is still common in chickens vaccinated with LaSota vaccine at high frequency."

　　Grinding a sword in eighteen years to create the first Newcastle disease vaccine in China

　　In the late 1990s, Liu Xiufan’s team launched an epidemiological survey to conduct molecular epidemiological research on Newcastle disease virus in China.

　　"By analyzing the genotypes of more than 1,500 Newcastle disease virus isolates, we first discovered the genome length characteristics of Newcastle disease virus type VII, which proved that more than 95% of the virulent Newcastle disease viruses prevalent in chickens and geese are genotype VII, which has no host specificity and can be cross-infected." Liu Xiufan said.

　　Why does gene ⅶ Newcastle disease virus cause a serious epidemic? Liu Xiufan’s team further revealed the pathogenic mechanism of gene VII Newcastle disease virus. "Gene VII Newcastle disease virus will cause serious damage to the immune organs of chickens and geese, leading to their immunosuppression. The commonly used LaSota vaccine does not match the genotype and antigenicity of gene VII Newcastle disease virus, and its ability to clear the virus is weak, resulting in the frequent occurrence of atypical Newcastle disease in chickens and the outbreak of goose Newcastle disease. " After finding out the culprit, developing a new vaccine as soon as possible has become a top priority for Liu Xiufan.

　　Since 2001, from more than 200 epidemic strains of Newcastle disease virus type VII, the team has screened and obtained a strain with high reproductive titer, strong immunogenicity and good cross-protection in chicken embryos as a donor, constructed an infectious clone containing the full-length genome of the strain, and pioneered the reverse genetic technology platform for directly weakening the virulent Newcastle disease virus type VII in the world, breaking through the technical bottleneck that conventional means cannot weaken the virulent Newcastle disease virus type VII.

　　In 2006, Liu Xiufan’s team successfully invented gene VII Newcastle disease vaccine strain A-NDV-VII, which is the first gene VII vaccine strain in the world and the first Newcastle disease vaccine strain with independent intellectual property rights in China. Compared with the performance parameters of the international common vaccine strain LaSota, the vaccine strain has weaker virulence and better immunogenicity, the titer of antibody produced after immunization is more than 4 times, and the virus removal ability is more than 10 times. It can be used not only for chickens but also for geese. "When the vaccine strain is created, we have the’ seed’ to develop the vaccine." Liu Xiufan said with a smile.

　　Using the invented attenuated strain A-NDV-VII as seed virus, the team developed the first registered inactivated vaccine of Newcastle disease virus type VII in the world, which solved the major problem of Newcastle disease prevention and control in chickens and geese in China. In 2014, the vaccine obtained the national first-class new veterinary drug certificate. Since its introduction, the vaccine has produced and sold a total of 7.51 billion feathers, which has been popularized and applied in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, increasing the efficiency of aquaculture enterprises by more than 5 billion yuan and achieving remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits. "We should treat the health of the ecological environment as a whole." Liu Xiufan said.

　　Human beings have gained experience in the struggle against previous plagues.

　　The history of mankind is also a history of fighting the plague. Liu Xiufan said that in history, smallpox, plague, flu and other plagues have claimed hundreds of millions of lives and caused painful disasters to mankind. In the struggle against previous plagues, mankind has gained valuable experience and defeated the epidemic. In recent years, the emerging Nipah virus, SARS virus, MERS virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have attracted great attention and attention. "We may face new viruses in the future."

　　"When dealing with a new virus, we must first take quick emergency measures to control and eliminate the source of infection, cut off the route of virus transmission, protect susceptible groups, and prevent the spread of the virus from expanding." Liu Xiufan said that at the same time, it is necessary to systematically carry out epidemiological research, pathogenic mechanism and immune mechanism research, and carry out joint research to develop new diagnostic methods and effective prevention and control products.

　　Liu Xiufan said that the H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus that appeared after 2013 infected people. The virus was the product of multiple subtype avian influenza viruses, and its internal genes were all derived from H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus. "Although the probability of infection with avian influenza virus in the exposed population is very low, we must strengthen the monitoring of avian influenza virus to prevent the virus from mutating and spreading from person to person, triggering a new influenza epidemic. Therefore, the control of avian influenza is not only economically important, but also plays an important role in public health. "

　　Meeting point reporter Wang Tuo correspondent Lu.

foreword

It has been more than three years since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic; It has been two years since the establishment of the National CDC in May 2021.

Before May, there was little news about the establishment and promotion of provincial disease control bureaus, and the overall work progress was very slow. However, in May this year, especially in the recent period, under the pressure and urging of the relevant state departments, many provinces put up the brands of the disease prevention and control bureaus of their respective provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government before the deadline.

This series of actions and information gives us the feeling that "the brand should be hung out first, and the requirements of this time node should be completed before deadline. As for the three-set plan, internal organization, specific work and other contents, let’s wait for the next node to talk about it slowly. As for the reform of the disease control system, who knows?"

挂个牌子也许是疾控局成立，或者说疾控体系改革最简单的内容了，可是然后呢？疾控体系改革就结束了？疾控体系改革就这些吗？

当然不是，疾控体系改革任重道远，道阻且长，目前疾控体系改革尚没有看到太多的实质性进展，疾控局的成立只是个开始。

疾控体系改革必须以解决其存在的4个主要问题——能力不强、机制不活、动力不足、防治不紧密为导向。这是一个艰难的过程，我们只能在不断的探索和实践中寻找最适合我们的那条疾病预防控制的健康之路。

01、国家疾控局成立过程 　

我们首先把时间拨回新冠疫情发生后的第一个全国两会，2020年全国两会。

2020年5月24日下午，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖在参加十三届全国人大三次会议湖北代表团审议时强调，防范化解重大疫情和突发公共卫生风险，事关国家安全和发展，事关社会政治大局稳定。要坚持整体谋划、系统重塑、全面提升，改革疾病预防控制体系，提升疫情监测预警和应急响应能力，健全重大疫情救治体系，完善公共卫生应急法律法规，深入开展爱国卫生运动，着力从体制机制层面理顺关系、强化责任。

In the context of the COVID-19 epidemic, on April 28th, 2021, the State Council appointed and dismissed national staff, and appointed Wang Hesheng, deputy director of the National Health and Wellness Commission, as the director of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention. Subsequently, the National CDC was established, and it took nearly a year before the "three-set plan" of the National CDC was released.

Established by listing:On May 13th, 2021, the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention was officially listed, which belongs to the deputy ministerial level managed by National Health Commission. It will be responsible for formulating policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and public health supervision, guiding the construction of disease prevention and control system, planning and guiding the construction of epidemic monitoring and early warning system, guiding the construction of scientific research system for disease control, public health supervision and management, and supervision of infectious diseases, which means that the functions of disease control institutions have changed from simply preventing and controlling diseases to comprehensively maintaining and promoting the health of the whole population.

The "three-set plan" was announced:On February 16th, 2022, China Organization Network published the Provisions on the Functional Allocation, Internal Structure and Staffing of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention and the Notice of the General Office of the State Council, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC on Adjusting the Functional Allocation, Internal Structure and Staffing of the National Health and Wellness Committee on February 16th, making it clear that the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention is a national bureau under the management of the National Health and Wellness Committee and is a vice-ministerial unit. At the same time, it stipulates the function allocation, internal structure and staffing of the National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention, and adjusts the internal structure of the National Health and Wellness Committee.

It only took more than three months for the national medical insurance bureau to go from listing to "three decisions"And in the "transition period" of more than three months, we also made high-profile actions: centralized collection of anticancer drugs and medical insurance access negotiations, management of medicines and medical behaviors, and investigation of management of high-value medical consumables, which frequently caused waves in the industry, and we can’t wait for the announcement of the three-set plan to start the reform process.

The overall progress of the National CDC is in sharp contrast with it:It has been nearly nine months since the listing of the National CDC to the announcement of the final plan, and in these nine months, except for the addition of a deputy director, there is almost no official action of any institution.

02、Establishment process of provincial disease control bureaus 　

At the beginning of the establishment of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Province took the lead in announcing the overall framework for the establishment of provincial, municipal and county disease control bureaus: "Systematically promote the reform of the province’s disease control and prevention system; Establish a provincial-level disease prevention and control bureau, and set up municipal and county-level disease prevention and control bureaus based on the health and health departments at the same level. " In August 2021, Fujian Provincial Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention (to be established) was unveiled in Fuzhou.

In addition, there was almost no progress in the provinces. Until this May, due to various factors, the "deadline" was finally determined.The provincial disease control bureaus are required to complete the listing before the end of May.. Ever since, almost every day, provinces have announced the listing of CDC, and the listing of CDC in various places has accelerated.

It is expected that at the request of relevant departments, the "three-set plan" of the disease control bureaus in cities, counties and districts throughout the province and the disease control bureaus may also be set within 2 months.

03、The ideas and responsibilities of setting up the CDC have been basically clear. 　

Country:The National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention was established. The National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention is a national bureau managed by the National Health and Wellness Committee, with 170 administrative staff at the deputy ministerial level. There are 1 director, 4 deputy directors and 32 deputy directors. There are 10 departments, including comprehensive department, planning, finance and regulation department, monitoring and early warning department, emergency response department, infectious disease prevention and control department, health and immunization planning department, comprehensive supervision department I, comprehensive supervision department II, science, technology, education and international cooperation department (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan office) and government party committee (personnel department).

Provincial level:According to the central model, the provincial CDC is established, which is generally the deputy department level with different offices, and the director of the CDC is also the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission.

Cities and counties:Under normal circumstances, there is a CDC in the Health and Health Commission, and the director of the CDC is also the deputy director of the Health and Health Commission at the same level.

From the perspective of responsibilities, the main responsibilities of the provincial CDC include:To organize the formulation of draft regulations, policies, plans and standards for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and public health supervision; Leading the professional work of disease control institutions at all levels in the province, organizing the implementation of the national immunization program, overall planning and supervising the disease control work of infectious disease medical institutions and other medical institutions; Planning and guiding the construction of an epidemic monitoring and early warning system for infectious diseases, and being responsible for the work related to the epidemic response of infectious diseases; Cooperate to guide the construction of scientific research system for disease control; Responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, environmental sanitation, school sanitation, public place sanitation, drinking water sanitation supervision and management, occupational hygiene and radiation hygiene supervision.

Judging from the public information, the positions of "chief officers" of provincial CDC can be roughly divided into two categories:In some areas, the former responsible comrades of the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention were promoted to the director of the Bureau of Disease Control and entered the party group of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, and in some areas, the responsible comrades of the Provincial Health and Wellness Committee who were in charge of disease control and prevention were held.

04、There is not much substantial progress in the reform of disease control system. 　

At least for now, there is no substantial progress in the reform of the disease control system.

The listing of CDC has little to do with the main problems of China’s centers for disease control and prevention at present. The establishment of CDC is to sort out the disease prevention and control system to a greater extent, or even to reorganize and adjust the functions within the health care system.There is still a lot of room for efforts to meet the requirements of "persisting in overall planning, reshaping the system, comprehensively improving and reforming the disease prevention and control system".

However, the establishment of the CDC can be regarded as the beginning of the reform of the CDC system. Straightening out the system and mechanism, clarifying the functional orientation, speeding up the reform of the CDC institutions at the provincial, municipal and county levels, solving the main problems existing in the CDC system, and speeding up the improvement of the CDC system have become the next key tasks and tasks put forward by all localities.

At the same time, we can also see that even if there is not much substantive content, it is more about the adjustment and adequacy of departmental functions. The establishment process of the National CDC and local CDC has been slow and difficult, and the reform of the entire CDC system can be imagined.

05、Four key issues in the reform of disease control system 　

Many people inside and outside the industry have said that China’s disease control system has problems such as low treatment and serious brain drain, but in the final analysis,At present, there are four main problems in the prevention and control system of physical diseases in China: weak ability, inflexible mechanism, insufficient motivation and loose prevention and control.

Therefore, in order to make substantial progress in the reform of disease control system, we must start with these four main problems.

1, the ability is not strong

Question:

The ability is not strong, and we don’t have to admit that the ability of disease control system is not strong, especially in some districts and counties, the overall ability is generally not strong, and the personal ability is generally weak.

Because of insufficient preparation or because of the positioning and treatment of grassroots disease control, it is impossible to recruit highly educated talents, resulting in fewer grassroots disease control personnel and fewer professional business personnel, which leads to poor overall ability. Secondly, from the perspective of personal ability, many people’s business ability is also relatively general. A CDC with strong ability is often one or two people, and then more tasks can only be pressed on the shoulders of these two people, resulting inCapable people are busier and don’t get much, and those who can’t are more idle and more chaotic..

Ideas:

The disease control system should have a set of assessment and evaluation mechanism in line with its own reality, which must be operable, and then be assessed regularly. Of course, it needs to be clear,This assessment is not only for the staff of the CDC, but also for every link of the CDC system.From the staff of community health service centers to the staff of medical institutions who are responsible for the online reporting of infectious diseases and the corresponding responsibilities of public health, from the staff of CDC to the staff of CDC, the staff of CDC should be assessed accordingly.

The assessment content should include the completion of the government’s public health functions and public welfare tasks undertaken by disease control institutions at all levels, the completion of the guidance and supervision tasks undertaken by regional medical institutions, and the improvement of residents’ health indicators in the jurisdiction. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the application of assessment results, and take the assessment results as an important basis for the appointment and dismissal of personnel, the evaluation of the first, the total salary and the approval of reward performance in CDC, and link them with the performance, further study and promotion of CDC staff.

All of the above, if gradually promoted and formed a set of practical things, will be very effective for the improvement of the overall system capacity, of course, this process is very difficult.

2, the mechanism is not alive

Question:

Because the disease control system is a part of the system to a large extent, this leads to many restrictions, unlike companies in a market economy, which are flexible and efficient.

Ideas:

First of all, it needs to be explained that the disease control system will never completely become a company under the market economy, which is determined by its nature. However, it is still possible to learn from each other’s strengths, and the purpose is to make the development of disease control system, especially human resources for disease control, become living water.

As implemented in some areasThe system of "chief public health expert" is a good example.The system of "chief public health experts" can be implemented for disease control at least above the municipal level, and the chief public health experts of epidemic disease, exemption from regulations, virus and disinfection are selected in a scientific and reasonable way. This is one of the measures to strengthen the construction of public health talents, provide talent guarantee for the construction of public health system, set up "chief experts" for disease control based on scientific research, talents and foreign exchanges, and build "hard power" for disease control personnel.

On March 31st, at the provincial conference on disease prevention and control system in 2023, Hao Yibin, director of Henan CDC, said:

At present, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province is setting up a chief expert system, which encourages senior experts with rich experience in scientific research and business management to be full-time "chief public health experts" by enjoying favorable conditions such as retaining the original administrative post treatment and special retirement and re-employment policy, empowering inter-departmental scientific research teams and providing sufficient scientific research funds.

In addition, should be established.Practice-oriented evaluation mechanism of public health talents, the implementation of classified assessment. Promote and strengthen the cooperation between disease control institutions at all levels and the college of public health in personnel training, personnel mutual employment, platform co-construction, data sharing, etc., create a demonstration base for public health personnel training in cooperation between schools and localities, and jointly cultivate applied professionals in public health.

At the same time, we should also increase the decision-making power of disease control institutions at all levels, reform the evaluation criteria of professional titles, and reasonably increase the proportion of middle and senior positions in disease control institutions. Improve the system of public health doctors, cultivate and expand the team of public health doctors, and explore giving public health doctors the right to prescribe.

3. Lack of motivation:

Question:

To put it bluntly, the disease control system is too poor and the income is too low. This is the root of many problems, because the income is low, so we can’t attract talents and can’t keep talents, so our ability is not strong; Because of the low income, more work and less work, they gradually began to muddle along and began to make no progress.

Ideas:

Tianjin CDC, Wuhan CDC, etc. have publicized the foreign services that they can charge for. For example, Tianjin CDC has launched 72 foreign technical services, which can provide a variety of health services for individuals and families, and provide entrusted testing services (23) and public health technical services (49) for the government and relevant departments, enterprises and institutions, and social organizations.

The project specifically includes the detection of water, air, food, etc.Communication and defense officeIt can provide technical support and policy consultation related to infectious disease prevention and control, theme planning activities of health science popularization day related to infectious disease prevention and control, and production of health science popularization videos.Exemption officeCan provide vaccination related policy advice and technical support, vaccination knowledge training. All these provide ideas for other disease control institutions.

The reform of disease control should explore and promote the "first-class security and second-class management" and implement it in detail.Two permits",allowing disease control institutions to break through the current wage control level of public institutions, allowing medical and health technical services to be provided on the basis of completing the approved tasks, and further stimulating the endogenous motivation of disease control institutions. While implementing the policy of full financial security, we should establish a new operating mechanism that combines security with incentives and conforms to the characteristics of disease control institutions, give them internal distribution autonomy and stimulate their operational vitality.

4, prevention and control is not close

Question:

To tell the truth, this is the most difficult to solve. Even after the establishment of the CDC, the separation between prevention and treatment may be more serious.This seems to be seen from the monitoring of the new crown infection virus.

Ideas:

For disease prevention and control, if prevention and control are to be closer,It is necessary to make clear the responsibilities that all kinds of medical institutions and medical administration departments at all levels should and must undertake in disease prevention and control.At the same time, the mechanism of personnel communication, information communication, resources communication and supervision and supervision is also established between disease control and medical care, and the disease control work is promoted to be included in the performance appraisal content of medical and health institutions.

In addition, it is necessary to establish an innovative supervision, assessment and evaluation mechanism for disease control institutions to medical institutions, and explore the establishment of a full-time and part-time disease control supervisor system in medical and health institutions to supervise the development of disease prevention and control, and urge the implementation of reporting responsibilities for infectious diseases and public health emergencies. For example, whether the infected cases in COVID-19 were reported realistically, such as whether fever of unknown origin was reported in time.

The reform of disease control system has a long way to go, and all key measures of reform and development must be supported by governments at all levels and relevant departments before they can take effect.

Everything has just begun, and China’s disease control system needs to focus on the long-term, overall planning, layout of the future, and embark on a road of public health governance with China characteristics.

write　| CDC disease control person

Proofreading　|　Gddra　

read and edit　|　Hide / Blue sea

Edit design　|　　Alice

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a typhoon red warning at 10: 00 on July 26th: the center of Typhoon DOKSURI (super typhoon level) No.5 this year was located at 8: 00 a.m. on the 26th in the south of bashi channel, about 350 kilometers south of Taiwan Province, China, which was 18.8 degrees north latitude and 121.3 degrees east longitude, and the maximum wind force near the center was 17 (58. The lowest air pressure in the center is 925 hectopascals, the radius of the seventh-level wind circle is 300-450 kilometers, the radius of the tenth-level wind circle is 120-180 kilometers, and the radius of the twelfth-level wind circle is 90-120 kilometers.

　　It is estimated that Du Surui will move to the northwest at a speed of 10-15 kilometers per hour, with little change in intensity. It will move into the northeastern part of the South China Sea from the night of 26th to the morning of 27th, and then gradually approach the coastal areas from Fuqing, Fujian to Huilai, Guangdong, and will land in the above coastal areas from the morning of 28th to the morning, with the maximum possibility of landing in Jinjiang, Fujian to the coastal areas at the junction of Fujian and Guangdong (strong typhoon level, 42-48m/s, 14-).

　　Gale forecast:From 14: 00 on the 26th to 14: 00 on the 27th, there will be 6-8 winds and 9-10 gusts in bashi channel, the east of Taiwan Province, the northeastern and southern seas of the South China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait, the southern part of the East China Sea, Taiwan Province Island and its coastal areas and Fujian coastal areas. Among them, the winds in bashi channel, the waters east of the northeastern South China Sea, the waters south of the Taiwan Province Strait and the southern coastal areas of Taiwan Province Island can reach 9-12 and the gusts are 13-15.

　　Precipitation forecast:From 14: 00 on the 26th to 14: 00 on the 27th, there were heavy rainstorms in parts of eastern Zhejiang and Taiwan Province Island, among which there were heavy rainstorms (100-150 mm) in parts of southeastern coastal areas of Zhejiang and heavy rainstorms (250-400 mm) in parts of eastern and southern Taiwan Province Island.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

　　2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

　　4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow, and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time.

　　5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

On the 14th, the United States released the results of the four-year review of China’s imposition of tariff 301, announcing that on the basis of the original tariff 301, it would further impose tariffs on electric vehicles, lithium batteries, photovoltaic cells and other products imported from China.

After the news came out, many business people and business groups in the United States expressed their dissatisfaction.

In a statement to CBN, u.s.-china business council, a group of 270 American companies doing business in China, expressed disappointment with the results of the four-year Section 301 investigation announced by the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR).

USCBC said: "We are disappointed with this result, because maintaining the previous tariffs (without lowering them) and imposing additional tariffs will eventually make it more difficult for American companies to compete at home and abroad. This will lead to fewer jobs in the United States. In the context of continued inflationary pressures, this will also raise the US consumer price index. "

Earlier, China’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin said at a regular press conference on the 15th that according to Moody’s company’s calculation, American consumers bear 92% of the cost of levying tariffs on China, and American families increase their expenses by $1,300 a year.

Liu Bin, a researcher at university of international business and economics School of Government Administration and China World Trade Organization Research Institute, said in an interview with China Business News that (compared with Trump’s tariffs on China), we can see that the industries and products subject to tariff increase are relatively concentrated, and the tariff collection quota has been greatly adjusted. For emerging industries, especially new energy vehicles, the United States has a strong intention to restrict or restrict development.

American consumers pay the bill?

On 14th, KenGriffin, American billionaire and founder of Citadel, said at a forum in Qatar: "Imposing high tariffs on China electric vehicles with low price and high quality, which are beneficial to American consumers, is another manifestation of the discontinuity of Biden’s economic strategy."

The National Retail Federation (NRF) is also "very disappointed" with the Biden administration’s move, and said that "as consumers continue to fight inflation, the last thing the (US) government should do is to impose additional taxes on imported products, which will be paid by American importers and ultimately American consumers".

Recently, Goldman Sachs said in a report that "tariffs in 2018-2019 have significantly increased consumer prices" and that these price increases were "almost entirely borne by American enterprises and families", not China exporters.

Goldman Sachs estimates that every one percentage point increase in the effective tariff rate will directly reduce the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States by 0.03%, increase consumer prices by 0.1% and keep inflation rising for one year.

Sweet, chief American economist at Oxford Economic Research Institute, said that the political significance of tariffs is usually greater than the economic significance.

Sweet said: "Most economists think that tariffs are a bad idea, because tariffs will hinder a country from benefiting from specialization, disrupt the flow of goods and services, and lead to improper allocation of resources. When implementing tariffs, consumers and producers often have to pay higher prices. "

The new york Federal Reserve also found that tariffs in 2018 cost American families $419 a year due to increased tax burden and loss of market efficiency. The researchers estimate that this figure has doubled as other tariffs take effect in 2019.

Economists wrote in a working paper published by the National Bureau of Economic Research in January 2024 that the net economic impact of import tariffs, retaliatory tariffs and agricultural subsidies on American employment and enterprises is "at best ‘ Rinse ’ Look, and it may be a slight negative impact. "

The above-mentioned researchers said in this working paper that trade friction does seem to bring political benefits and strengthen the support of the Republican Party in the heartland of the United States and the communities most affected by tariffs. "Residents in areas protected by tariffs are unlikely to identify themselves as Democrats, and they are more likely to vote for Trump. Therefore, despite the high economic cost of tariff protection, voters seem to have given a strong response. "

American industry demands competition.

Recently, U.S. Treasury Secretary Yellen frequently appeared in the media to explain the tariff increase policy, but during the interview, she also repeatedly faced questions about whether the tariff increase would drive up prices, including "China’s electric cars are cheaper, so if more people (in the United States) buy them, wouldn’t it help solve the climate change problem".

In this regard, Yellen explained that with the accumulation of experience in producing these products by American companies and the development of newly built battery factories in the central and western regions, the price of automobiles will drop.

However, I am afraid that the industry has different views. CarlosTavares, CEO of Stellantis, a global automobile manufacturer, said that raising tariffs would not protect his company. He believes that "the only choice is to continue fighting", so the only way to compete fairly is to reduce costs and provide electric vehicles at more affordable prices.

In fact, there have been many cases before that prove that imposing high tariffs cannot promote the development of domestic enterprises in the United States.

In 2002, the United States imposed tariffs on imported steel and aluminum products. Subsequent studies showed that although this only caused economic losses of about $30 million, it led to an increase in the price of the steel consumption industry in the United States, and led to a sharp decline in employment opportunities in the entire steel industry, especially those small enterprises that did not have market power to influence prices.

In 2009, the United States imposed tariffs on tires imported from China. The Peterson Institute for International Economics found that this move was thought to have saved about 1,200 jobs in the tire manufacturing industry in the United States, but it cost Americans $1.1 billion in the form of rising prices.

A veteran who has been engaged in the import and export industry in the United States for a long time told the First Financial Reporter that in his view, the United States’ practice of adjusting tariffs this time is more posturing than actual impact.

Taking the solar panel products he is very familiar with as an example, he told reporters that before this adjustment, the solar panels imported by the United States from China had been greatly reduced due to anti-dumping duties: most of the solar panels on the American market were imported from Viet Nam or Thailand, and very few were directly imported from China. In fact, since last year, thousands of containers of related enterprises in China have been detained at the American terminal, and related enterprises may have paid millions of dollars in yard fees at the terminal. The current policy of the United States clearly shows that in order to enter the American market, these companies must set up factories in the United States.

However, in view of some cases that have happened, the prospect of setting up factories in the United States is not optimistic. "If the United States does block the import channels from Vietnam, I can’t imagine where American solar panels will be imported. But it seems unrealistic to rely on solar panels produced locally in the United States. " He added that many media in the United States have also questioned this, and they don’t understand why the import of clean energy products from China should be prevented, especially in the context that the US government has been advocating these clean energy technologies.

Cui Fan, a professor in the Department of International Trade of university of international business and economics Institute of International Economics and Trade, also told China Business News that Biden’s government has begun to contain the overseas investment of China Photovoltaic.

He explained that on April 24, the United States began the photovoltaic double-reverse investigation procedure for Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand. It is expected that the preliminary ruling will be made this year and the final ruling will be made in the middle of next year. At present, the dumping margin of the four countries listed in the application for investigation ranges from 70.35% to 271.45%, which once blocked the photovoltaic exports of the four countries to the United States.

What needs to be noted is that after the United States announced the imposition of tariffs on China, the EU side, which is conducting countervailing investigations on China’s electric vehicles, is more cautious.

In an interview with China Business News, Liu Bin said that the US tariff increase on China may have a demonstration effect on the EU. However, unlike the United States, the trade links between China and Europe are closer, and the EU is more dependent on the China market.

Liu Bin said that at the same time, China’s new energy vehicles have entered the EU market, which has a "first-Mover advantage". Therefore, it is unlikely that the EU will adjust tariffs on a large scale and in a high amount like the United States. However, the EU may stand in a higher position and adjust taxes in the name of environmental protection.

It’s a medium-sized suv. I wonder how much you know about it. So whether this car is a mule or a horse, let’s take a look at its actual performance.

First look at the appearance of Ford electric horse. The head of Ford electric horse is very dynamic and lively, and looks more dynamic and lively. Coupled with tough headlights, it is in line with consumers’ aesthetics. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the car side, the car body size is 4730MM*1886MM*1613MM. The car adopts solid lines, and the car side looks very simple, with large-sized thick-walled tires, and smooth lines run through the whole car side. In terms of the rear end, the tail line of Ford electric carriage is simple, and the taillights give people a very soft feeling, and the shape is more angular.

Sitting in the car, the interior style is very avant-garde and the overall shape is remarkable. The steering wheel shape of the car is eye-catching, and it is made of leather, which gives people a good grip experience. From the central control point of view, the design of the center console is reasonable, which makes the interior design quite layered and conforms to the mainstream aesthetics. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling, too. Let’s take a look. It looks like a strong sense of technology. The car adopts leather-like seats, equipped with electric adjustment of auxiliary seats, electric adjustment of seats with memory, and seat proportion tilting, and the comfort is acceptable.

Ford electric horse is equipped with a motor with a total power of 359KW and a total torque of 860N.m It has good acceleration, excellent cruising range and good power performance.

Ford electric horse trunk is well-behaved in conventional space, and there is no problem in daily use. In addition, the car is equipped with fatigue warning, anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD) main driving airbag, co-pilot airbag, knee airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

Such a car with the right price is enough to meet the daily practical needs, and it doesn’t take much thought to maintain it at ordinary times, and the cost performance is good. If you are interested, you might as well experience it.

　　 Recently, the list of "Car of the Year Who Know Car Emperor in 2020" was officially released. This annual car list is based on the evaluation results of "Knowing Car Emperor’s Actual Measurement" in 2020, which is different from the evaluation based on the subjective feelings of car editors. Knowing Car Emperor judges by the measured data results, which brings consumers a more objective and real annual car list and provides users with a powerful reference for car purchase.

　　 It is understood that the "Know Car Emperor’s Actual Measurement" is that the original team of Know Car Emperor selected more than 400 popular models in the market according to the user’s attention to the models, and conducted a unified standard practical test, including data such as "safety", "space", "energy consumption", "performance and handling" that users are most concerned about, and finally formed an objective and reliable evaluation database, and sent users a simple and easy-to-understand "automobile configuration manual".

　　Know the car emperor’s annual car announced seven awards, a number of popular models on the list.

　　 The 2020 annual car list includes seven awards, including the best safety model of the year, the best family car of the year and the best electric car of the year.

　　 In the test of knowing the car emperor, Volvo XC60 became the first AEB test full score model. Moreover, with its amazing performance in elk, braking and body structure safety, it has become the best safety model of the year.

　　 Know the car emperor’s best family car of the year, won by Honda Odyssey Rui Hybrid. It has good performance in space, fuel consumption and quality stability. Coupled with a good rate of preservation, it has become an excellent choice for family cars.

　　 Since 2020, electric vehicles have become the trend of the times, and it has also become the measured object of the original team that understands the car emperor. The results show that Weilai ES6 won the best electric vehicle of the year with its strongest comprehensive strength. No matter in driving quality, sports performance or intelligent safety, it is the most balanced electric vehicle in the electric vehicle industry at present.

　　 The actual measurement has gone through the unified measurement process, including "static acceleration test", "braking distance test", "Elk test", "Jingang circuit lap speed test" and "fuel consumption test". All models have been repeatedly tested by the same professional racer in the same professional racetrack for more than 100 times. Moreover, they all use equipment and test methods and standards that meet international standards. Taking the Elk test as an example, more than 300 vehicles strictly implement the ISO3888-2 international standard, and each vehicle will be tested for nearly 20 times, constantly approaching the limit posture of the vehicle, so as to fully quantify the safety and handling of the vehicle. In addition, the actual measurement also creatively joined the original project of knowing the car emperor-the lap speed test of Jingang circuit. At the full speed of each car, the measured team who knows the car emperor records its lap speed, straight tail speed, low-speed corner, high-speed corner, etc., so as to effectively grasp the overall mobility of the car. Under the unified and professional measurement of knowing the car emperor, the list data is more objective and reliable.

　　 In addition to the above three award-winning models, Know Car Emperor also divided the rest of the award list in detail according to the characteristics of the models and the demand for vehicles: McLaren 720S won the Best Performance Car of the Year by virtue of its excellent power and aerodynamic design; Land Rover Defender passed all the test items in the test of Chedi off-road base and won the best off-road vehicle of the year. Tesla MODEL S won the fastest accelerated model of the year with the acceleration of "Tubang Class"; Ford New Transit won the Best Tool Car of the Year for its excellent performance in terms of the maximum volume of the interior space, the width and depth of the trunk opening.

　　Dedicated to the professional evaluation of automobiles, bringing valuable content to users.

　　 After long-term development, China has become the largest automobile production and sales market in the world. However, with the increasing popularity of automobiles, various brand models emerge one after another, and the market information is increasingly huge, which greatly increases the cost and difficulty of consumers’ car purchase decision.

　　 Compared with developed countries, China’s automobile evaluation system is still in its infancy. Most of the existing evaluation systems lack unified standards, are mixed with subjective factors, and the evaluation results have certain errors. Consumers lack a scientific and professional reference index for car purchase. In this context, as a professional automobile media in China, car owners can learn from foreign experience and integrate their own advantages to provide consumers with more accurate car purchase guidance.

　　 Knowing the car emperor’s actual measurement not only follows the international professional evaluation process and standards, but also creatively adds original actual measurement items to the China automobile market, so as to create an automobile evaluation system serving China automobile consumers. Relying on the professional testing team, testing site and equipment, Knowing Car Emperor not only forms a measurable and referential standard for China automobile testing, but also forms a more professional and fair automobile selection system, setting a brand-new benchmark for third-party professionals to participate in automobile evaluation.

　　 Up to now, Master Car has a very comprehensive vehicle evaluation database, and based on standardized venues, professional tools and equipment, and industry-recognized testing methods, it has gradually established a perfect evaluation system for Master Car, including unique active safety evaluation standards, track performance testing standards and off-road ability testing standards. It provides users with reliable, retrievable and comparable vehicle evaluation data products.

　　 For a long time, the team who knows the contents of Chedi insists on providing users with professional, data-based and most referential documentary evaluation contents based on the needs of users. In order to ensure the authority of evaluation and disassembly contents, the team not only needs to consult experts frequently, but also make up a lot of knowledge of materials science. The 2020 Car of the Year, which was selected this time, provides accurate reference for consumers with car purchase needs by subdividing the award-winning models, so that users can choose models as needed. In addition, there is an original evaluation channel in the station, which can help customers better understand the performance and detailed evaluation data of the vehicle.

　　 In the future practice, Knowing Car Emperor will continue to lead the new trend of automobile evaluation in China with strict and scientific evaluation procedures and standards, and build a weather vane for the automobile industry. While helping consumers to obtain more convenient and scientific car purchase information, it will also help high-quality car brands stand out in the evaluation and promote the Excellence and healthy development of the automobile industry.

CCTV News:Spring Festival travel rush will come to an end in 2018. In the army of security in Spring Festival travel rush, there is a force that cannot be ignored, that is, security inspectors who are responsible for security inspection and danger work.

In Spring Festival travel rush, for the sake of a safe, orderly and warm travel environment in Spring Festival travel rush, 155 Beijing Railway Station security inspectors gave up the Spring Festival to reunite with their families and all stuck to their posts. Thanks to their efforts, during the period of Spring Festival travel rush this year, the security inspection brigade of Beijing Railway Station seized more than 13,000 prohibited items and 3.5 grams of ice on the spot.

After the start of Spring Festival travel rush, the security inspection brigade of Beijing Railway Station strictly followed the work deployment, strictly implemented the security inspection system, and adopted measures such as increasing security inspection channels and releasing passengers by stages, which not only ensured the speed of passengers entering the station, but also ensured that the security inspection rate did not decline, and sent security guides to make the security inspection area in good order, put an end to criminal cases in the security inspection department, and ensured the personal and property safety of passengers and the blocking of dangerous goods under cars outside the station.

At 7: 13 on February 17, Zhang Tian, a security inspector at Beijing Railway Station, seized 11 firecrackers in the upper pocket of a passenger section during the hand inspection of No.5 machine at the entrance. According to Duan, firecrackers were bought for children and used for holidays. Knowing that they could not be taken on the train, they had to go through security inspection, so they were put in their upper pockets. Unexpectedly, they were still checked out by security inspectors. The police criticized and educated Duan’s luck, and confiscated those who violated the rules.

At 8: 45 on February 11th, when Ren Chunyu, a security inspector, inspected a female passenger about 30 years old by hand, she suddenly found a round box-shaped article in her coat pocket and asked her to take it out for inspection. The passenger said to himself, "Lighters are not allowed." Then he turned around and got off the security desk. I don’t know what the man who was traveling with me said, and his expression was tangled and he kept stamping his feet. The woman’s abnormal behavior aroused Ren Chunyu’s high vigilance, and she quietly watched the woman’s every move. The female passenger took an item out of her pocket and threw it into the trash can, and then came back to check the station again. Then Ren Chunyu immediately asked her colleagues to take her place. She ran to the trash can on the west side of the hall and picked up a black round box thrown by the lady. There were several small transparent plastic bags with powdery white crystals and a plastic tube inside. She suspected that it might be methamphetamine and immediately reported the situation. Accordingly, the Beijing station police station cooperated with relevant units to crack the case of the suspect Wang smoking and carrying. And follow the trail, arrested three people involved again, and collected 8.9 grams of drugs.

Inspectors not only abide by their duties and safeguard safety, but also actively solve problems for the majority of passengers. Over the years, security instruments have been a high-risk area for passengers to lose their property. In order to avoid passengers’ losses, security inspectors try to find the owner in the shortest time by finding, handling and reporting.

According to statistics, in Spring Festival travel rush in 2018, the Beijing Railway Station police station recovered more than 350 pieces of lost luggage for passengers, worth more than 400,000 yuan. At 16: 15 on March 9, Lou Xing Yu, a security inspector at Beijing Railway Station, found a black satchel on the security instrument of No.1 ticket office. Later, I opened the bag with Liu Jianjun, the captain of the first team on duty, and found that there were 6,000 yuan in cash and daily necessities in the bag. Through the station broadcast, I finally found the careless owner, Ms. Zheng. (Ma Jianpeng)

　　Get together for divorce after the year? Is there a long queue at the divorce office of the Civil Affairs Bureau? Recently, a number of videos circulated on the Internet showed that the divorce registration offices of civil affairs bureaus in some areas "exploded" after the Spring Festival, and there were even rumors that divorce teams in some areas lined up at the door of civil affairs bureaus.

　　At present, some of the above videos have been officially rumored. The reporter also learned from the Marriage Registry of the Civil Affairs Bureau of many places that the number of divorcees in some areas did increase after the Chinese New Year because they did not handle business, but there was no long queue, and some areas replied that there was no increase, and even the number of married people was more than the number of divorced people … …

　　It is nothing new that the divorce rate has gradually increased in the past 20 years. The reporter found out that from 2003 to 2019, China’s national crude divorce rate (the ratio of annual divorce to total population, usually expressed in thousandths) suddenly rose, and the number of divorce registrations nearly quadrupled during this period. Although it is not really a trend to choose divorce after the year, some people in the team that handles divorce after the year admit that the reason why they specially make an appointment for divorce after the year is to have a New Year’s Eve dinner with their children and bilateral parents without leaving any final regrets.

　　one

　　Is there a wave of divorce after the holiday?

　　Multi-local Civil Affairs Bureau responded:

　　The number of divorces has not increased sharply.

　　On January 28th, a video released by a man in Fuyang, Anhui Province was circulated on the Internet, showing that only two couples got married in Yingshang County Civil Affairs Bureau of Fuyang, but the divorce team was outside the Civil Affairs Bureau. For a time, the topic of getting together for divorce after the year triggered a heated discussion on the Internet.

　　But soon, Yingshang County Civil Affairs Bureau issued a rumor statement on January 30, calling the short video content a rumor. In the statement, it was explained that the contents of the video were all located at the marriage registration window on the first floor, and the people in the queue were all people who registered for marriage, while the divorce registration window was on the second floor. The information video was a diversion and confusing.

　　Coincidentally, another netizen also recently released a video of a long queue at the entrance of the divorce room of Poyang County Civil Affairs Bureau in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. Accordingly, a staff member of Shangrao Civil Affairs Bureau in Jiangxi told the reporter that the specific situation in the video is being verified, but from the marriage registration data of the Civil Affairs Bureau, the divorce business volume is not much different from that before.

　　Is the peak of divorce after the year real? The reporter learned about the relevant situation from the Marriage Registry of the Civil Affairs Bureau of many places. On the whole, a number of civil affairs bureau staff said: "The number of people who handle marriage and divorce has indeed increased after the year, but the overall situation is still in a stable period."

　　On January 31, a staff member of the marriage registration office of a district civil affairs bureau in Jinan told the reporter: "According to the working hours that morning, the number of people applying for divorce business is 5 pairs, and the number of people applying for marriage business is 3 pairs. In a normal state, there is no such thing as a peak period of marriage and divorce. "

　　However, Ms. Wu, a citizen of Yangzhou, told the reporter: "I went through the divorce procedure on the third day after the year, and there was indeed a queue, but there was no big queue ‘ Changlong ’ 。” Ms. Wu said that she did not deliberately choose to divorce after the year, but the appointment date and number of people before the year were full, just making an appointment on the third day after the year.

　　Ms. Wu told the reporter that she went to the local civil affairs bureau for divorce at about 10 am that day, and the queue time did not exceed one hour. "There may be a queue because the business is not handled during the Chinese New Year, so it will be handled later in the year, and the number of people will naturally increase."

　　The operator of the marriage registration office of a district civil affairs bureau in Hangzhou also gave the same answer. "Although there are no recent detailed statistics, the number of divorces and marriages will generally increase after the year." The operator explained that this was because the Civil Affairs Bureau did not handle business during the Chinese New Year, which led to a backlog of applications for marriage and divorce. This is a normal phenomenon, there is no obvious sharp increase, and it is still in a stable period.

　　In addition, the reporter also called several marriage registration offices in Haidian District, Beijing and Heping District, Tianjin. The staff in these areas all said that the number of people who handled divorce after the holiday did not increase significantly. Among them, the Civil Affairs Bureau of Zhengzhou, Henan Province proposed that the number of applications for divorce by the Civil Affairs Bureau did not increase sharply after the year, but the number of people who came to get married increased a lot.

　　2

　　Marriage service industry practitioners:

　　Who to go back to for the New Year, how to share housework, etc.

　　Divorce promoter in adulthood

　　Although it is a coincidence that Ms. Wu divorced after the year. However, in order to eat the last reunion dinner, some people deliberately chose to go through the divorce formalities after the year.

　　"We originally agreed to divorce at the end of December, 2022, but we wanted to take our children to have the last reunion dinner on both sides, so we decided the date of divorce after the year."

　　Ms. Liang, 39, went through the divorce procedure in Wuxi on the afternoon of January 31. She told reporters that she finished the processing that morning, and there was no long queue. But when talking about her divorce, Ms. Liang still choked.

　　Ms. Liang, who has been married for nearly 10 years, and her ex-husband have a daughter: "Although the child is only 6 years old, she already knows the meaning of divorce and is very sad." Although the child was eventually raised by Ms. Liang, her daughter’s disappointment with her father was also in her eyes. In order to make up for the lack of children and explain to bilateral parents face to face, Ms. Liang finally agreed with her ex-husband to choose the divorce date after the year.

　　During the Chinese New Year, Ms. Liang and her ex-husband took their daughters to have a reunion dinner at her husband’s house and her mother’s house, respectively, and expressed their gratitude to their parents. In Ms. Liang’s view: "There is no deep hatred between our husband and wife when they go to divorce, but the concept is not harmonious." And this last reunion dinner is also Ms. Liang’s unwillingness to leave regrets for herself and her family.

　　"In fact, the number of people who consult for divorce during the Chinese New Year and apply for divorce after the year will indeed increase." Mr. Huang, the person in charge of a marriage rescue and service center, said in an interview that from the nearly three years since the establishment of his company, he can clearly feel that the business volume of the company is relatively large at the end of each year and the beginning of each year.

　　According to Mr. Huang, some of the businesses of the Marriage Rescue and Service Center he runs are to help couples rebuild their marriage and solve various problems encountered in marriage. "Judging from the cases we have encountered, problems during the Chinese New Year, especially those involving who is in the New Year, getting along with the elders during the New Year, sharing housework during the Spring Festival, etc., can all be the driving force for the breakdown of marriage."

　　In Mr. Huang’s memory, a man once suggested that he wanted to take his wife back to her husband’s house in the village for the New Year, and during the New Year, his wife took on a lot of housework, and finally his wife had the idea of divorce. According to Mr. Huang, because of the custom of his hometown, the man has taken his wife back to his husband’s house for the New Year’s Eve many times, and he can’t return to his mother’s house until the second day of the New Year’s Eve. This has also caused his wife’s dissatisfaction for many years. In addition, during the Chinese New Year, the family banquets at home are also handled by the wife and mother-in-law. For a long time, the wife complained.

　　Under the persuasion of Mr. Huang, the man’s marriage did not break down in the end. However, some couples failed to get together because of various complicated things during the Spring Festival. Even after the cooling-off period of divorce, they finally chose to divorce after the Spring Festival.

　　three

　　Sociologist:

　　Avoid impulsive divorce

　　Relevant social services need to be institutionalized.

　　The rising divorce rate is no longer a new topic. Since 2003, China’s divorce rate has started to rise. The reporter combed the data of the crude divorce rate released by the National Bureau of Statistics in the past 10 years and found that from 2003 to 2019, the national divorce rate has increased significantly, but since 2020, the divorce rate has dropped significantly.

　　Statistics over the years show that in 2003, the number of registered divorces reached 1.33 million, and the crude divorce rate was 1.05&permil. Since then, it has been on the rise; By 2016, the number of divorce registrations rose to 4,158,200 couples, and the national crude divorce rate reached 3.00&permil for the first time; Above; Until 2019, the number of registered divorces reached 4,700,600, and the national crude divorce rate rose to 3.36‰ It has become the peak of divorce in the past 10 years.

　　From 2003 to 2019, why did China’s divorce rate rise continuously in these 16 years? Wen Jun, dean and professor of the School of Social Development of East China Normal University, told reporters that there are several reasons behind this.

　　First, from a macro perspective, due to the accelerated pace of social changes and transformation, the traditional division of labor between husband and wife and family structure have been impacted, and more and more women have taken up jobs, their social status has been improved, and their economic subordination has been reduced, which has immediately broken the family stability and raised the possibility of divorce to a certain extent;

　　Secondly, from the microscopic point of view, people’s ideological emancipation brought about by social progress has changed their understanding of traditional marriage, and they no longer think that divorce is a bad behavior, which also makes more people dare to pursue personal happiness and say no to low-quality marriage, thus increasing the possibility of divorce.

　　In Wen Jun’s view, behind the high divorce rate, it also reflects the crux of China’s social organization, interpersonal network construction and insufficient level of community public services. "Especially for young people’s impulsive divorce, apart from administrative intervention, we still lack effective social services to resolve it, and the excellent solutions provided by social organizations and even emotional counseling and counseling are still insufficient.

　　However, the reporter also noticed that after 2019, the divorce rate in China gradually went downhill. By 2020, the number of divorce registrations will drop from over 4.7 million couples to 4.339 million couples, and the crude divorce rate will drop to 3.09‰ ; In 2021, it dropped to 2,839,300 couples, and the crude divorce rate dropped to 2.01‰ .

　　In this regard, in Wen Jun’s view, the decline of divorce data after 2019 conforms to the law of social development. "China’s divorce rate rose for 16 years and then fell back, indicating that it has reached its peak in the past year and began to transition to a stable state." In addition, Wen Jun said that the setting of the cooling-off period for divorce also provided "soil" for the decline of divorce rate in recent years to some extent.

　　In Wen Jun’s view, in order to avoid the phenomenon of impulsive divorce after the year, social services in various places should keep up, and gradually incorporate community emotional mobilization, marriage counseling, community adjustment and psychological and emotional construction into the institutionalized construction.

　　Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Yang Yuqi Wuyang

Sub-district offices, township governments, district government committees, offices and bureaus, and district-owned institutions:

　　With the consent of the district government, we hereby print and distribute "Several Measures of Fengtai District on Responding to the COVID-19 Epidemic and Supporting the Development of Enterprises (Provisional)" to you, please implement them carefully.

Beijing Fengtai District People’s Government Office

February 19, 2020

Measures of Fengtai District on Responding to COVID-19 Epidemic and Supporting Enterprise Development (Provisional)

　　In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on resolutely winning the prevention and control of epidemic situation, fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee the State Council and the municipal party committee and municipal government on doing a good job in the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, help enterprises tide over the difficulties and support the stable development of enterprises, the following measures are formulated.

　　First, strengthen support for key enterprises in epidemic prevention and control

　　To support the prevention and control of epidemic situations such as medical protective clothing and masks, it is urgent for medical material production enterprises to resume production and expand production capacity, and to help enterprises solve the problems of ensuring raw materials, factories, personnel, transportation and other factors in the process of resuming production. Give appropriate subsidies to enterprises that urgently need medical materials production and enterprises that provide space, property and other support, with a maximum of 1.5 million yuan. (Responsible unit: District Development and Reform Commission)

　　Second, open up a green channel for approval

　　We will speed up the examination and approval of new projects that produce materials needed for epidemic prevention and control, adopt a special way, and provide all-round services such as priority acceptance, on-site guidance and one-stop handling of administrative examination and approval items such as business license issuance, medical device production and business record permission. (Responsible unit: District Market Supervision Bureau)

　　Third, increase industrial financial support.

　　For key enterprises that meet the policies of "Several Measures for Optimizing Business Environment in Fengtai District" and "Measures for Zhongguancun Fengtai Science Park to Support the Development of High-tech Industries and Technological Innovation", the online declaration of policy funds in 2019 will be carried out, simplifying the application procedures for policy awards, speeding up the disbursement of funds and alleviating the operational pressure of enterprises. (Responsible units: District Development and Reform Commission, Fengtai Park Management Committee and District Finance Office)

　　Fourth, ease the credit pressure of enterprises

　　Take the initiative to accurately connect financial institutions for key enterprises in epidemic prevention and control, coordinate special credit support, and do not lend, keep lending or suppress loans to enterprises that have temporary difficulties in operation but have development prospects due to the epidemic. For enterprises that failed to be included in the special refinancing support scope of the People’s Bank of China during the epidemic period and met the industrial development direction of Fengtai District and made outstanding regional comprehensive contributions, banks in the region are encouraged to provide financial support for them and give a discount of 1.5 percentage points of the loan amount, and the discount amount for a single enterprise does not exceed 1 million yuan. The local government guarantee institutions launched "anti-epidemic loans" products to help small and medium-sized enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic to renew their loans and reduce the comprehensive rate by 0.5 percentage points. (Responsible unit: District Finance Office)

　　Five, reduce the cost of enterprise property

　　Small and medium-sized enterprises that lease the real estate belonging to state-owned enterprises directly under public housing and state-owned enterprises in the area to engage in production and business activities, adhere to business according to government requirements or close down in accordance with epidemic prevention regulations without layoffs or fewer layoffs, will be exempted from February rent; Leased for office space, 50% of the rent in February will be reduced. For renting other business premises, the owner (landlord) is encouraged to reduce or exempt the rent for the tenant, which shall be settled by both parties through consultation. For commercial buildings with outstanding regional comprehensive contributions recognized by the competent department of industry, if rent is reduced or exempted for small and medium-sized enterprises in line with the industrial development direction of Fengtai District, subsidies will be given at 30% of the amount reduced or exempted in February and March, with a maximum of 1 million yuan; Large shopping malls and shopping centers with outstanding regional comprehensive contributions recognized by the commerce department will be subsidized by 30% of the amount of rent reduction and exemption in February and March, with a maximum of 1 million yuan. (Responsible units: District Housing Management Center, District State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Fengtai Park Management Committee, Lize Business District Management Committee, District Investment Promotion Service Center and District Commerce Bureau)

　　Sixth, support innovation and entrepreneurship carrier platform

　　Priority will be given to incubator funds for science and technology business incubators and creative spaces that reduce rents for small and medium-sized enterprises renting houses during the epidemic. (Responsible unit: District Science and Technology Information Bureau)

　　Seven, support enterprises to carry out epidemic prevention and control technology and product innovation.

　　Special funds for major scientific and technological projects in Fengtai District are given priority to enterprises involved in epidemic prevention and control. COVID-19’s scientific research projects in prevention, detection, diagnosis and treatment, as well as projects that apply artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data and other technical means to epidemic prevention and control, will be given priority subsidies for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements after review by the competent authorities of the industry, with a maximum of 3 million yuan. For loans to small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, the guarantee and evaluation fees will be reduced by 1.1 percentage points. Give priority to providing application scenarios for new technologies and new products related to epidemic prevention in the region. (Responsible unit: District Science and Technology Information Bureau)

　　Eight, support the stable operation of daily necessities supply and reserve enterprises.

　　During the period of epidemic prevention and control, large-scale commercial business entities that have made outstanding contributions to stable price and supply as determined by the commercial department will be given a one-time reward of 501 million yuan depending on the degree of contribution. (Responsible unit: District Bureau of Commerce)

　　Nine, increase the intensity of aiding enterprises to stabilize their posts

　　Expand online recruitment channels, make full use of Fengtai District’s "Everyone Employment Network" to publish job information, build a platform for employment service exchange, and ensure the stability of enterprise employment. To implement the policy of helping enterprises to stabilize their posts during the epidemic in Beijing, the insured enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic, face temporary production and operation difficulties and are expected to recover, and insist on not laying off employees or laying off fewer employees, can return the unemployment insurance premium according to the monthly per capita unemployment insurance premium standard and the number of insured employees in the previous year for six months. According to the growth of the average number of employees in enterprises at the end of April and the average number of employees in the previous year, enterprises are given moderate financial subsidies. For enterprises that enjoy the above policies, employees (including those waiting for posts) are organized to participate in vocational skills training that meets the requirements according to the post requirements, and they can enjoy one-time skills upgrading training subsidies according to the standard of 1000 yuan per person. Eligible unemployed people in this area can enjoy free training in accordance with relevant regulations. (Responsible unit: District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau)

　　X. Strengthening the guarantee of legal services

　　Set up a legal service group for small and medium-sized enterprises, and provide consulting and agency services for enterprises affected by the epidemic by "zero meeting" such as online and appointment, so as to reduce the business risks of enterprises. Provide specialized notarization services for small and medium-sized enterprises affected by the epidemic. (Responsible unit: District Judicial Bureau)

　　The above measures shall be implemented as of the date of issuance, and shall be valid for the period of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 (unless there is a clear time limit in the specific measures), and shall be interpreted by the District Development and Reform Commission in conjunction with the responsible units. In addition to enterprises directly involved in epidemic prevention and control identified by relevant departments, enterprises enjoying the above measures should register and pay taxes in Fengtai District. Enterprises shall not repeatedly enjoy similar subsidies to support funds. Small and medium-sized enterprises should comply with the Standard Provisions on the Classification of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises jointly issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Bureau of Statistics, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance (No.300 [2011] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology).

In the long history,

People who have lived here for generations,

Left us with a wide variety,

Unique and precious intangible cultural heritage,

Now,

These traditional cultures and techniques

In the process of inheritance and innovation, new flowers are blooming.

today

Let’s learn together.

National intangible cultural heritage:

Xinhui kuiyi

Xinhui

Since ancient times, it has been rich in Pukui and is known as Kwai Township.

Xinhui people from the Eastern Jin Dynasty

I started planting sunflower as a fan.

palm-leaf fan

Is the representative of Xinhui Kuiyi.

Making a sunflower fan

More than twenty processes are needed.

Planting sunflower, picking sunflower, drying sunflower,

Baking fan, cutting fan, cutting fan, closing fan …

On the coast of the South China Sea, the west bank of the Pearl River and the bank of Yinzhou Lake, there is a famous cultural city with a long history-Xinhui. Xinhui is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, and it is also known as "Kwai Township" because it is rich in Pukui. Xinhui sunflower art has a long history, and the planting and processing of sunflower trees began in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After more than a thousand years’ exploration, Xinhui people have integrated knitting, embroidery, painting and printing, making the processing of sunflower art products reach a superb position. In the most prosperous period of sunflower industry, Xinhui has more than 300 sunflower factories and more than 500 varieties of colors, and its products are exported to Europe, America and Southeast Asian countries.

At the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Qu Dajun wrote in "Guangdong Xinyu Pu Kui Fan": "The edge is made of the silk of wild silkworm, embedded with the piece of Bai Lin, the handle is made of the brand of Qinglang, wrapped with the thread of dragon beard and rattan, painted with copper nails, and the painting is gorgeous."

In 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai visited Xinhui and made a special trip to Kwai Art Factory, and spoke highly of Kwai craft products in Xinhui. When Guo Moruo visited Xinhui in 1959, he praised the sunflower fan technology: "The cool world comes from the hands, and it is more skillful than the ghost axe, flying all over the world and overwhelming the west wind." Guan Shanyue, a great master of Lingnan School of Painting, tried to "brand fire painting" for more than 60 times, but because he couldn’t grasp the strength of the soldering iron, he burned the fan every time. Finally, he had to throw a sigh of "branding": What a stunt!

▲ On July 6th, 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai inspected the sunflower industry in Xinhui. Photography: Cai Zhongzhi

The main products of Xinhui sunflower art include sunflower fan, sunflower basket, sunflower mat, cushion and sunflower coir. Besides, Xinhui sunflower art can also make a painting, a lantern and a screen, which has great plasticity.

▲ Tuyuan Xinhui released

Among them, the craft sunflower fan is the most famous one with pyrography and embroidery, which is one of the four traditional crafts in Guangdong. Fire painting fan is recorded in the records of Daoguang County in Qing Dynasty. Chen Wan, an old painter at the end of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, pushed the skill of fire painting fan to the peak. In 1915, a sunflower fan in Xinhui won the gold medal in Panama International Expo. In 1952, it was listed as a special handicraft by the state, and also won the first "Hundred Flowers Award" of China Ministry of Light Industry and other national awards.Xinhui Kuiyi was selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2008.

▲ Screen pyrography sunflower art fan. Photography: Liao Huilin

Xinhui kuiyi

It has rich humanistic history and local characteristics.

Generations of new people and overseas Chinese

Have some feelings for sunflower fans.

It’s hard to find any industry.

Can be like kuiyi

Bring back memories of the older generation.

▲ Sticker birds of paradise Kwai Art Fan. Photography: Liao Huilin

Inheritance of sunflower art in Xinhui

In addition to innovation

We need more people who love Kwai Art.

Get involved.

Hope that our younger generation

Can experience and inherit the sunflower art culture.

More hope for high-level talents

Be able to use what you have learned.

Fusion innovation

Cultural and Creative Products of Jiangkui Culture

Bring it to our daily life.

Create a cultural card with the characteristics of overseas Chinese hometown